EP2828931B1 - Compact helical antenna with a sinusoidal profile modulating a fractal pattern - Google Patents
Compact helical antenna with a sinusoidal profile modulating a fractal pattern Download PDFInfo
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- EP2828931B1 EP2828931B1 EP13713401.1A EP13713401A EP2828931B1 EP 2828931 B1 EP2828931 B1 EP 2828931B1 EP 13713401 A EP13713401 A EP 13713401A EP 2828931 B1 EP2828931 B1 EP 2828931B1
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005388 cross polarization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/362—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith for broadside radiating helical antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q11/00—Electrically-long antennas having dimensions more than twice the shortest operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q11/02—Non-resonant antennas, e.g. travelling-wave antenna
- H01Q11/08—Helical antennas
Definitions
- the invention relates to helical type antennas.
- it relates to printed quadrifilar helix type antennas.
- Such antennas find application in particular in the band telemetry L (operating frequency between 1 and 2 GHz, typically around 1.5 GHz) for payloads of stratospheric balloon.
- the printed helix antennas have the advantage of being simple and inexpensive to manufacture.
- the patent EP 0320404 describes a printed antenna of the helix type and its method of manufacture.
- Such an antenna includes four radiating strands in the form of metal strips obtained by removing material from the metallization of both sides of the strips of a metallized zone of a printed circuit.
- the printed circuit is intended to be wound helically around a cylinder.
- Compact helical antennas comprising meandering radiating strands have been proposed to reduce the size of antennas of this type.
- the document FR 2 916 581 discloses a helix-type antenna comprising radiating strands consisting of a repetition of a fractal pattern.
- the invention makes it possible to reduce the size of the known type of helix antennas and in particular to reduce the height of such antennas.
- the invention is defined by independent claim 1.
- the invention relates to a helix-type antenna comprising a form of revolution and a plurality of radiating strands helically wound around the form of revolution, characterized in that each radiating strand is defined by a repetition of a fractal pattern comprising segments constituted by a sinusoidal curve.
- the Figures 1 and 2 respectively illustrate a developed view and a front view of a helical antenna comprising four radiating strands helically wound.
- Such an antenna comprises two parts 1, 2.
- Part 1 comprises a conductive zone 10 and four radiating strands 11, 12, 13 and 14.
- the helical type antenna comprises four radiating strands 11, 12, 13, 14 helically wound in a shape of revolution around a sleeve 15, for example.
- the strands 11-14 are connected on the one hand in short circuit at a first end 111, 121, 131, 141 strands to the conductive zone 10 and secondly in a second end 112, 122, 132, 142 of the strands to the feed circuit 20.
- the radiating strands 11-14 of the antenna may be identical and are for example four in number.
- the antenna is in this case quadrifilar.
- the sleeve 15 on which the antenna is wound is shown in dotted line on the figure 1 to constitute the antenna as represented on the figure 2 .
- the radiating strands 11-14 are oriented so that a support axis AA ', BB', CC 'and DD' of each strand forms an angle ⁇ with respect to any plane orthogonal to any directing line L of the sleeve 15.
- This angle ⁇ corresponds to the helical winding angle of the radiating strands.
- the radiating strands 11-14 are each constituted by a metallized zone.
- the metallized zones of part 1 are symmetrical bands with respect to a guide axis AA ', BB', CC ', DD' strands.
- the distance d between two successive strands is defined along any perpendicular to any line L of the sleeve 15 as the distance between two points, each defined as the intersection of the said perpendicular with an axis of the strands.
- this distance d will be fixed at a quarter of the perimeter of the sleeve 15.
- the substrate supporting the metal strips is helically wound on the lateral surface of the sleeve 15.
- the two parts 1, 2 are formed on a printed circuit 100.
- the radiating strands 11-14 are then metal strips obtained by removal of material on each side of the strips of a metallized zone, on the surface of the printed circuit 100.
- the printed circuit 100 is intended to be wound around a sleeve 15 having a general shape of revolution, such as a cylinder or a cone, for example.
- Part 2 of the antenna comprises a supply circuit 20 of the antenna.
- the supply circuit 20 of the antenna is constituted by a transmission line of the meander-shaped ribbon line type, ensuring both the function of distribution of the supply and adaptation of the radiating strands 11-14 of the antenna.
- the supply of the radiating elements is at equal amplitudes with a progression of phases in quadrature.
- the radiating strands are constituted by a fractal, comprising segments constituted by a sinusoidal curve.
- a segment is an elemental element of the fractal pattern.
- the figure 3a illustrates a reference pattern of a Von Koch fractal having three elementary elements 30, 31, 33. Such a pattern is a first order fractal.
- the elementary element is a rectilinear segment.
- Fractals have the property of self-similarity, they are formed of copies of themselves at different scales. They are self-similar and very irregular curves.
- a fractal is composed in particular of reduced replicas, of the reference pattern.
- a fractal is generated by iteration of steps of reduction of the reference pattern then application of the pattern obtained to the reference pattern.
- the higher orders are obtained by applying to the middle of each segment of the reference pattern this same reduced reference pattern, and so on.
- the reference pattern may be simple or alternating with respect to a direction axis of the pattern.
- the choice of the pattern itself is guided by the radiation performance of the antenna.
- each rectilinear segment of the fractal pattern is replaced by a sinusoidal segment.
- Such a replacement makes it possible to increase the deployed length of the radiating strand for a given height or to reduce the height of the antenna for a given deployed length.
- the resonance frequency of the antenna is fixed by the extended length of the radiating strands.
- This extended length is a function of the propeller parameters (height, radius and number of revolutions) and the geometry of the pattern used.
- each segment 30 ', 31', 32 ', 33' of the fractal pattern is constituted by a sinusoidal segment.
- this reference pattern is constituted by a succession of alternating sinusoid arcs constituting a fractal pattern.
- the function can be defined segment by segment or by adopting a curvilinear coordinate along the pattern.
- the parameter k makes it possible to increase the length deployed for each corresponding segment of the fractal Von Koch: instead of having a short rectilinear segment, there is a sinusoidal segment of greater length. The larger the amplitude of the sinusoid, the larger the length deployed. However, care must be taken to avoid overlapping radiating strands when k takes too high values.
- FIGS. 4a, 5a, 6a, 7a and 8a illustrate a reference pattern (fractal order 1) whose segments are straight.
- the reference pattern is a triangle in which the base is deleted.
- the reference pattern is a square in which the base is deleted.
- the reference pattern comprises two isosceles trapezes in opposition and spaced from the width of the small base, in which the large base has been removed.
- the angle ⁇ between a side extending from the small base to the large base.
- the reference pattern comprises two equilateral triangles in opposition and spaced from the width of one side, in which the base has been removed
- FIGS. 4b, 5b and 6b, 7b and 8b respectively illustrate the order 2 of a fractal pattern following an iteration of the reference patterns of the FIGS. 4a, 5a, 6a, 7a, 8a , respectively.
- the Figures 4c, 5c, 6c respectively illustrate the order 3 of a fractal pattern following two iterations of the reference patterns of the Figures 4a, 5a, 6a .
- the angle ⁇ is the angle between the first inclined segment and the deleted base.
- each segment constituting the fractal patterns described above is constituted by a sinusoidal curve.
- these patterns are not shown but in view of the description above, the skilled person understands how to achieve the helix antenna whose radiating strands are constituted by a fractal pattern whose segments are constituted by a sinusoidal segment.
- a helix type antenna comprising a Von Koch type fractal whose segments have been replaced by sinusoidal segments has been realized and tested.
- the figure 10 illustrates an embodiment of such an antenna.
- the performance of such an antenna was measured and compared to a quadrifilar helix (reference) antenna comprising rectilinear strands, the antenna having a height of 514 mm.
- the table below lists the different parameters used for the radiating strands.
- the basic fractal is a motif of Von Koch. Order 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 Number of cells 3 3 3 3 4 2 2 3 ⁇ (degrees) 52 52 49 52 52 43 43 50 Cell length (mm) 155 150 140 135 108 250 243 190 k 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 s -1 1 -1 1 1 -1 1 -1 Height (mm) 285 276 252 249 265 205 198 254 LHC (dB) 0.88 0,952 0.8 0.97 0.95 0.15 0.202 0.93 RHC (dB) -10.3 -10.2 -10.3 -11.8 -10.8 -10.2 -11.1 -10.0 S11 (dB) -6.1 -6 -6.9 -6.9 -6.3 -6.2 -6.3 -6.2 Efficiency 66 64 60 62 62 50 50 55 Relative size (%) 55.4 53.7 49 48.4 51.6 39.9 38.5
- the antenna based on the Von Koch pattern with sinusoidal segments of order 2 and with two cells.
- This antenna has the same 137MHz pattern and resonance frequency (144MHz).
- its height is 198 mm (relative size 38.5%), a reduction of 61.5% of the height of the reference antenna.
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Description
L'invention concerne les antennes de type hélice. En particulier, elle concerne les antennes de type hélice quadrifilaires imprimées. De telles antennes trouvent notamment application dans des systèmes de télémétrie en bande L (fréquence de fonctionnement comprise entre 1 et 2 GHz, typiquement autour de 1,5 GHz) pour des charges utiles de ballons stratosphériques.The invention relates to helical type antennas. In particular, it relates to printed quadrifilar helix type antennas. Such antennas find application in particular in the band telemetry L (operating frequency between 1 and 2 GHz, typically around 1.5 GHz) for payloads of stratospheric balloon.
Les antennes de type hélice imprimées présentent l'avantage d'être de fabrication simple et peu onéreuse.The printed helix antennas have the advantage of being simple and inexpensive to manufacture.
Elles sont particulièrement adaptées aux signaux de télémétrie à polarisation circulaire en bande L, signaux utilisés dans les charges utiles de ballons stratosphériques.They are particularly suitable for L-band circular polarization telemetry signals used in stratospheric balloon payloads.
Elles offrent en outre un bon taux d'ellipticité et donc une bonne polarisation circulaire sur une large gamme d'angles d'élévations.They also offer a good ellipticity rate and therefore a good circular polarization over a wide range of elevation angles.
Le brevet
Une telle antenne comprend quatre brins rayonnants en forme de bandes métalliques obtenus par enlèvement de matière de la métallisation de part et d'autre des bandes d'une zone métallisée d'un circuit imprimé. Le circuit imprimé est destiné à être enroulé en hélice autour d'un cylindre.Such an antenna includes four radiating strands in the form of metal strips obtained by removing material from the metallization of both sides of the strips of a metallized zone of a printed circuit. The printed circuit is intended to be wound helically around a cylinder.
Ces antennes bien qu'offrant de bonnes performances sont toutefois encombrantes.These antennas although offering good performance are however cumbersome.
Des antennes compactes de type hélice, comprenant des brins rayonnants en forme de méandre ont été proposées pour réduire la taille des antennes de ce type.Compact helical antennas comprising meandering radiating strands have been proposed to reduce the size of antennas of this type.
L'article:
Toutefois, bien qu'un gain de l'ordre de 35% (réduction de la hauteur) sur l'encombrement ait été obtenu, les performances, notamment en polarisation croisée et en rayonnement arrière, sont dégradées montrant les limites de l'utilisation de tels motifs quant à la réduction de la taille des antennes de ce type.However, although a gain in the order of 35% (height reduction) on the footprint has been obtained, the performances, in particular in cross polarization and backward radiation, are degraded showing the limits of the use of such reasons as to reduce the size of antennas of this type.
Le document
Toutefois, l'utilisation de ces motifs ne permet pas de réduire significativement la taille de l'antenne.However, the use of these patterns does not significantly reduce the size of the antenna.
En outre les motifs fractals composés de segments rectilignes présentent un nombre beaucoup moins important de degrés de liberté sur lesquels le concepteur peut jouer afin d'ajuster et d'optimiser les performances de l'antenne compacte. De plus, à hauteur d'antenne donnée, beaucoup moins de solutions comportant ces motifs existent.Furthermore fractal patterns composed of straight segments have a much smaller number of degrees of freedom on which the designer can play to adjust and optimize the performance of the compact antenna. In addition, at given antenna height, far fewer solutions with these patterns exist.
L'invention permet de réduire l'encombrement des antennes hélice de type connu et notamment de réduire la hauteur de telles antennes. L'invention est définie par la revendication indépendante 1.The invention makes it possible to reduce the size of the known type of helix antennas and in particular to reduce the height of such antennas. The invention is defined by
A cet effet selon un premier aspect l'invention concerne une antenne de type hélice comprenant une forme de révolution et une pluralité de brins rayonnants enroulés en hélice autour de la forme de révolution, caractérisée en ce que chaque brin rayonnant est défini par une répétition d'un motif fractal comportant des segments constitués par une courbe sinusoïdale.To this end, according to a first aspect, the invention relates to a helix-type antenna comprising a form of revolution and a plurality of radiating strands helically wound around the form of revolution, characterized in that each radiating strand is defined by a repetition of a fractal pattern comprising segments constituted by a sinusoidal curve.
L'invention est avantageusement complétée par les caractéristiques suivantes, prises seules ou en une quelconque de leur combinaison techniquement possible :
- chaque segment correspond à une demi-période d'une courbe sinusoïdale définie par
- chaque segment du motif fractal à une longueur identique ;
- le fractal est du type Von Koch dont chaque ligne droite est remplacée par un segment sinusoïdal ;
- les brins rayonnants sont chacun constitués par une zone métallisée déterminée, enroulée en hélice sur la surface latérale d'un manchon, tel que l'axe directeur de chaque brin est distant de l'axe du brin suivant d'une distance déterminée, définie selon toute perpendiculaire à toute ligne directrice du manchon comme la distance entre deux points, chacun défini par une intersection entre l'axe d'un brin et une perpendiculaire à toute ligne directrice du manchon ;
- la forme de révolution est cylindrique ou conique ;
- l'antenne comprend quatre brins rayonnants identiques ;
- la longueur d'un brin déroulé est de l'ordre de
- each segment corresponds to half a period of a sinusoidal curve defined by
- each segment of the fractal pattern to an identical length;
- the fractal is of the Von Koch type, each straight line of which is replaced by a sinusoidal segment;
- the radiating strands are each constituted by a determined metallized zone, helically wound on the lateral surface of a sleeve, such that the direction axis of each strand is distant from the axis of the next strand by a determined distance, defined according to any perpendicular to any guide line of the sleeve as the distance between two points, each defined by an intersection between the axis of a strand and a perpendicular to any guide line of the sleeve;
- the form of revolution is cylindrical or conical;
- the antenna comprises four identical radiating strands;
- the length of a strand unwound is of the order of
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention ressortiront encore de la description qui suit laquelle est purement illustrative et non limitative et doit être lue en regard des dessins annexés sur lesquels
- la
figure 1 illustre de manière schématique en développé une antenne hélice de type connu comprenant des brins rayonnants rectilignes ; - la
figure 2 illustre de manière schématique une vue de face d'une antenne hélice de type connu comprenant des brins rayonnants rectilignes ; - les
figures 3a, 3b et 3c illustrent un motif de référence de type Von Koch avec des segments rectilignes et avec des segments constitués par une courbe sinusoïdale ; - les
figures 4a, 4b et 4c illustrent respectivement un premier motif de référence,fractal d'ordre 1, unfractal d'ordre 2 et un fractal d'ordre 3 ; - les
figures 5a, 5b et 5c illustrent respectivement, un second motif de référence,fractal d'ordre 1, unfractal d'ordre 2 et un fractal d'ordre 3 ; - les
figures 6a, 6b et 6c illustrent respectivement, un troisième motif de référence,fractal d'ordre 1, unfractal d'ordre 2 et un fractal d'ordre 3 ; - les
figures 7a et 7b illustrent respectivement, un quatrième motif de référence,fractal d'ordre 1 et unfractal d'ordre 2 ; - les
figures 8a et 8b illustrent respectivement, un motif de référence,fractal d'ordre 1 et unfractal d'ordre 2 pour des motifs des brins rayonnants, selon un cinquième mode de réalisation ; - les
figures 9a, 9b, 9c illustrent un motif de référence de type Von Koch avec des segments constitués par une courbe sinusoïdale selon plusieurs réalisations ; - la
figure 10 illustre une réalisation d'une antenne de type hélice selon l'invention.
- the
figure 1 schematically illustrates in developed a helical antenna of known type comprising straight radiating strands; - the
figure 2 schematically illustrates a front view of a known type of helix antenna comprising straight radiating strands; - the
Figures 3a, 3b and 3c illustrate a Von Koch type reference pattern with rectilinear segments and segments consisting of a sinusoidal curve; - the
Figures 4a, 4b and 4c respectively illustrate a first reference pattern, first order fractal, a second order fractal and a third order fractal; - the
Figures 5a, 5b and 5c respectively illustrate, a second reference pattern, first order fractal, a second order fractal and a third order fractal; - the
Figures 6a, 6b and 6c respectively illustrate, a third reference pattern, first order fractal, a second order fractal and a third order fractal; - the
Figures 7a and 7b respectively illustrate a fourth reference pattern, first order fractal and a second order fractal; - the
Figures 8a and 8b respectively illustrate, a reference pattern, first order fractal and a second order fractal for patterns of the radiating strands, according to a fifth embodiment; - the
Figures 9a, 9b, 9c illustrate a Von Koch type reference pattern with segments constituted by a sinusoidal curve according to several embodiments; - the
figure 10 illustrates an embodiment of a helical type antenna according to the invention.
Les
Une telle antenne comprend deux parties 1, 2.Such an antenna comprises two
La partie 1 comprend une zone conductrice 10 et quatre brins rayonnants 11, 12, 13 et 14.
Sur la partie 1, l'antenne de type hélice comprend quatre brins rayonnants 11, 12, 13, 14 enroulés en hélice selon une forme de révolution autour d'un manchon 15, par exemple.In
Sur cette partie, les brins 11-14 sont connectés d'une part en court circuit au niveau d'une première extrémité 111, 121, 131, 141 des brins à la zone conductrice 10 et d'autre part au niveau d'une seconde extrémité 112, 122, 132, 142 des brins au circuit d'alimentation 20.On this part, the strands 11-14 are connected on the one hand in short circuit at a
Les brins rayonnants 11-14 de l'antenne peuvent être identiques et sont par exemple au nombre de quatre. L'antenne est dans ce cas quadrifilaire.The radiating strands 11-14 of the antenna may be identical and are for example four in number. The antenna is in this case quadrifilar.
Le manchon 15 sur lequel l'antenne est enroulée est représenté en pointillé sur la
Les brins rayonnants 11-14 sont orientés de sorte qu'un axe support AA', BB', CC' et DD' de chaque brin, forme un angle α par rapport à tout plan orthogonal à toute ligne L directrice du manchon 15.The radiating strands 11-14 are oriented so that a support axis AA ', BB', CC 'and DD' of each strand forms an angle α with respect to any plane orthogonal to any directing line L of the
Cet angle α correspond à l'angle d'enroulement en hélice des brins rayonnants.This angle α corresponds to the helical winding angle of the radiating strands.
Les brins rayonnants 11-14 sont chacun constitué par une zone métallisée.The radiating strands 11-14 are each constituted by a metallized zone.
Sur les
La distance d entre deux brins successifs est définie selon toute perpendiculaire à toute ligne L directrice du manchon 15 comme la distance entre deux points, chacun défini comme l'intersection de la dite perpendiculaire avec un axe des brins.The distance d between two successive strands is defined along any perpendicular to any line L of the
Par exemple, pour obtenir une antenne quadrifilaires symétrique, cette distance d sera fixée à un quart du périmètre du manchon 15.For example, to obtain a symmetrical quadrifilar antenna, this distance d will be fixed at a quarter of the perimeter of the
Le substrat supportant les bandes métalliques est enroulé en hélice sur la surface latérale du manchon 15.The substrate supporting the metal strips is helically wound on the lateral surface of the
Selon un mode de réalisation d'une telle antenne, les deux parties 1, 2 sont formées sur un circuit imprimé 100.According to one embodiment of such an antenna, the two
Les brins rayonnants 11-14 sont alors des bandes métalliques obtenues par enlèvement de matière de chaque côté des bandes d'une zone métallisée, sur la surface du circuit imprimé 100.The radiating strands 11-14 are then metal strips obtained by removal of material on each side of the strips of a metallized zone, on the surface of the printed
Le circuit imprimé 100 est destiné à être enroulé autour d'un manchon 15 présentant une forme générale de révolution, tel qu'un cylindre ou un cône, par exemple.The printed
La partie 2 de l'antenne comprend un circuit d'alimentation 20 de l'antenne.
Le circuit d'alimentation 20 de l'antenne est constitué par une ligne de transmission du type ligne à ruban en forme de méandre, assurant à la fois la fonction de répartition de l'alimentation et d'adaptation des brins rayonnants 11-14 de l'antenne.The
L'alimentation des éléments rayonnants se fait à amplitudes égales avec une progression de phases en quadrature.The supply of the radiating elements is at equal amplitudes with a progression of phases in quadrature.
La réduction de la taille des antennes de type hélice telles que représentées sur les
Les brins rayonnant sont constitués par un fractal, comportant des segments constitués par une courbe sinusoïdale.The radiating strands are constituted by a fractal, comprising segments constituted by a sinusoidal curve.
On appelle segment, un élément élémentaire du motif fractal.A segment is an elemental element of the fractal pattern.
La
Les fractals ont la propriété d'autosimilarité, ils sont formés de copies d'eux-mêmes à des échelles différentes. Ce sont des courbes auto-similaires et très irrégulières.Fractals have the property of self-similarity, they are formed of copies of themselves at different scales. They are self-similar and very irregular curves.
Un fractal est notamment composé de répliques réduites, du motif de référence.A fractal is composed in particular of reduced replicas, of the reference pattern.
Un fractal est généré par itération d'étapes de réduction du motif de référence puis application du motif obtenu au motif de référence.A fractal is generated by iteration of steps of reduction of the reference pattern then application of the pattern obtained to the reference pattern.
Les ordres supérieurs sont obtenus en appliquant au milieu de chaque segment du motif de référence ce même motif de référence réduit, et ainsi de suite.The higher orders are obtained by applying to the middle of each segment of the reference pattern this same reduced reference pattern, and so on.
Le motif de référence peut être simple ou alterné par rapport à un axe directeur du motif.The reference pattern may be simple or alternating with respect to a direction axis of the pattern.
Le choix du motif à proprement parler est guidé par les performances en rayonnement de l'antenne.The choice of the pattern itself is guided by the radiation performance of the antenna.
Pour la génération du fractal du type Von Koch on peut se référer à http://www.mathcurve.com/fractals/koch/koch.shtml.For the generation of the Von Koch fractal one can refer to http://www.mathcurve.com/fractals/koch/koch.shtml.
Pour diminuer la hauteur de l'antenne tout en gardant la même fréquence de fonctionnement (résonance) chaque segment rectiligne du motif fractal est remplacé par un segment sinusoïdal.To reduce the height of the antenna while keeping the same operating frequency (resonance) each rectilinear segment of the fractal pattern is replaced by a sinusoidal segment.
Un tel remplacement permet d'augmenter la longueur déployée du brin rayonnant pour une hauteur donnée ou de réduire la hauteur de l'antenne pour une longueur déployée donnée.Such a replacement makes it possible to increase the deployed length of the radiating strand for a given height or to reduce the height of the antenna for a given deployed length.
La fréquence de résonance de l'antenne est fixée par la longueur déployée des brins rayonnants. Cette longueur déployée est fonction des paramètres de l'hélice (hauteur, rayon et nombre de tours) et de la géométrie du motif utilisé.The resonance frequency of the antenna is fixed by the extended length of the radiating strands. This extended length is a function of the propeller parameters (height, radius and number of revolutions) and the geometry of the pattern used.
La
Dans le cas de la
Tous les segments du motif ont la même longueur.
Un motif fractal est défini par trois paramètres :
- la taille de chaque répétition du motif de référence (
ordre 1 du motif fractal) ; - le nombre de répétition que l'on appelle nombre de cellules ;
- l'itération du fractal que l'on appelle ordre du fractal.
- En outre, un brin de l'antenne est défini par les paramètres suivants :
- longueur déployée ;
- l'angle α correspondant à l'angle d'enroulement en hélice du brin rayonnant ;
- longueur de la cellule L ;
A fractal pattern is defined by three parameters:
- the size of each repetition of the reference pattern (
order 1 of the fractal pattern); - the number of repetitions known as the number of cells;
- the iteration of the fractal called fractal order.
- In addition, one strand of the antenna is defined by the following parameters:
- deployed length;
- the angle α corresponding to the helical winding angle of the radiating strand;
- length of the cell L;
La sinusoïde qui module le profil fractal peut être en particulier définie par la fonctionnelle suivante
Sur la
Ainsi ce motif de référence est constitué par une succession d'arcs de sinusoïde alternés constituant un motif fractal.Thus this reference pattern is constituted by a succession of alternating sinusoid arcs constituting a fractal pattern.
La fonction peut être définie segment par segment ou en adoptant une coordonnée curviligne le long du motif.The function can be defined segment by segment or by adopting a curvilinear coordinate along the pattern.
Dans le case de la
Dans le cas de la
Le paramètre k permet d'augmenter la longueur déployée pour chaque segment correspondant du fractal Von Koch : au lieu d'avoir un court segment rectiligne on a un segment sinusoïdal de longueur déployée plus grande. Plus l'amplitude de la sinusoïde est large plus la longueur déployée est grande. Il faut néanmoins veiller à éviter les chevauchements de brins rayonnants lorsque k prend des valeurs de trop fortes.The parameter k makes it possible to increase the length deployed for each corresponding segment of the fractal Von Koch: instead of having a short rectilinear segment, there is a sinusoidal segment of greater length. The larger the amplitude of the sinusoid, the larger the length deployed. However, care must be taken to avoid overlapping radiating strands when k takes too high values.
On peut envisager également d'autres types de motif fractals dans lesquels chaque segment est remplacé par une courbe sinusoïdale.Other types of fractal patterns in which each segment is replaced by a sinusoidal curve can also be envisaged.
Les
Sur la
Sur la
Sur la
Sur la
Les
Les
Dans le cas de certains motifs notamment ceux du type représentés aux
Pour éviter de tels croisements on peut jouer sur l'angle β (voir les
L'angle β est l'angle entre le premier segment incliné et la base supprimée.The angle β is the angle between the first inclined segment and the deleted base.
L'ajustement de cet angle β permet de réduire la longueur des brins.The adjustment of this angle β reduces the length of the strands.
Dans le cas d'un motif de type Von Koch on a à l'ordre 1, un rapport entre la longueur déployée et la longueur du motif à l'ordre 1 de 4/3. A l'ordre 3 ce rapport est de (4/3)3 ce qui est faible.In the case of a Von Koch type pattern, there is a ratio between the deployed length and the length of the pattern at the
Pour obtenir une réduction plus importante on peut jouer sur l'angle β. Le triangle équilatéral du motif Von Koch devient alors isocèle au lieu d'être équilatéral et les deux segments de triangle deviennent plus longs que ceux du triangle équilatéral initial (à longueur L' constante). Leur longueur est de L'/(6.cos β) et le rapport de la longueur déployée sur la longueur L' est donné par
Comme précédemment chaque segment constituant les motifs fractals ci-dessus décrits est constitué par une courbe sinusoïdale. Pour des raisons de lisibilité, ces motifs ne sont pas représentés mais au vue de la description ci-dessus, l'homme du métier comprend comment aboutir à l'antenne hélice dont les brins rayonnants sont constitués par un motif fractal dont les segments sont constitués par un segment sinusoïdal.To obtain a larger reduction one can play on the angle β. The equilateral triangle of the Von Koch pattern then becomes isosceles instead of being equilateral and the two triangle segments become longer than those of the initial equilateral triangle (to length The constant). Their length is L '/ (6.cos β) and the ratio of the length deployed on the length L' is given by
As before, each segment constituting the fractal patterns described above is constituted by a sinusoidal curve. For reasons of readability, these patterns are not shown but in view of the description above, the skilled person understands how to achieve the helix antenna whose radiating strands are constituted by a fractal pattern whose segments are constituted by a sinusoidal segment.
Une antenne de type hélice comprenant un fractal du type Von Koch dont les segments ont été remplacés par des segments sinusoïdaux a été réalisée et testée. La
En particulier, les performances d'une telle antenne ont été mesurées et comparées à une antenne (de référence) de type hélice quadrifilaire comprenant des brins rectilignes l'antenne ayant une hauteur de 514 mm.In particular, the performance of such an antenna was measured and compared to a quadrifilar helix (reference) antenna comprising rectilinear strands, the antenna having a height of 514 mm.
Le tableau ci-dessous répertorie les différents paramètres utilisés pour les brins rayonnants. Le fractal de base est un motif de Von Koch.
En outre, on constate que les meilleures performances sont obtenues avec l'antenne basée sur le motif de Von Koch avec segments sinusoïdaux d'ordre 2 et avec deux cellules. Cette antenne présente le même diagramme à 137MHz et à sa fréquence de résonance (144MHz). En outre, sa hauteur est de 198 mm (taille relative de 38.5%), soit une réduction de 61,5% de la hauteur de l'antenne de référence.In addition, it is found that the best performances are obtained with the antenna based on the Von Koch pattern with sinusoidal segments of
Claims (8)
- Helical type antenna comprising a form of revolution and a plurality of radiating strands helically wound around the form of revolution, characterised in that each radiating strand is defined by a repetition of a fractal pattern comprising segments, a sinusoidal arc having been applied to each segment of the fractal pattern, so that each radiating strand has a pattern constituted by a succession of alternate sinusoidal arcs, each arc having as its guiding axis the segment of the fractal pattern.
- Helical type antenna according to claim 1, wherein each segment corresponds to a half-period of a sinusoidal curve defined by
- Helical type antenna according to either claim 1 or claim 2, wherein each segment of the fractal pattern has an identical length.
- Helical type antenna according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the fractal is of the Von Koch type, each straight line of which is replaced by a sinusoidal segment.
- Antenna according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the radiating strands are each constituted by a specific metallised zone, helically wound on the lateral surface of a sleeve (15), such that the guiding axis (AA', BB', CC', DD') of each strand is distant from the axis of the following strand by a specific distance (d) defined according to any perpendicular to any guiding line (L) of the sleeve (15) as the distance between two points, each defined by an intersection between the axis of a strand and a perpendicular to any guiding line (L) of the sleeve (15).
- Antenna according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the form of revolution (15) is cylindrical or conical.
- Antenna according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the antenna comprises four identical radiating strands.
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FR1252547A FR2988524B1 (en) | 2012-03-21 | 2012-03-21 | COMPACT SINE PROPELLER ANTENNA WITH SINUSOIDAL PROFILE MODULATING A FRACTAL PATTERN |
PCT/EP2013/055979 WO2013139935A1 (en) | 2012-03-21 | 2013-03-21 | Compact helical antenna with a sinusoidal profile modulating a fractal pattern |
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EP (1) | EP2828931B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP6093004B2 (en) |
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CN103943949B (en) * | 2014-04-16 | 2016-08-24 | 上海交通大学 | The fractal miniaturization method of Axial-mode cylindrical helical antenna |
FR3048557B1 (en) * | 2016-03-07 | 2018-03-30 | Valeo Comfort And Driving Assistance | ELECTRONIC PARKING AID EQUIPMENT FOR MOTOR VEHICLE |
WO2022072719A1 (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2022-04-07 | Electronic Design & Development, Corp. | Quasi-helical antennas and associated manufacturing methods |
CN116073116B (en) * | 2023-03-06 | 2023-06-27 | 西安热工研究院有限公司 | Sine folding spiral antenna based on index pitch |
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US20100194665A1 (en) * | 2007-09-11 | 2010-08-05 | Centre National D'etudes Spatiales | Antenna of the helix type having radiating strands with a sinusoidal pattern and associated manufacturing process |
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JP2001102852A (en) * | 1999-09-29 | 2001-04-13 | Nippon Antenna Co Ltd | Helical antenna |
GB0204014D0 (en) * | 2002-02-20 | 2002-04-03 | Univ Surrey | Improvements relating to multifilar helix antennas |
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WO2013139935A1 (en) | 2013-09-26 |
CN104247151A (en) | 2014-12-24 |
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US9698474B2 (en) | 2017-07-04 |
US20150048996A1 (en) | 2015-02-19 |
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FR2988524B1 (en) | 2014-03-28 |
JP6093004B2 (en) | 2017-03-08 |
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