EP0850496B1 - Transmission device with omnidirectional antenna - Google Patents
Transmission device with omnidirectional antenna Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0850496B1 EP0850496B1 EP97932866A EP97932866A EP0850496B1 EP 0850496 B1 EP0850496 B1 EP 0850496B1 EP 97932866 A EP97932866 A EP 97932866A EP 97932866 A EP97932866 A EP 97932866A EP 0850496 B1 EP0850496 B1 EP 0850496B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- antenna
- equi
- aerial
- wires
- strands
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q11/00—Electrically-long antennas having dimensions more than twice the shortest operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q11/02—Non-resonant antennas, e.g. travelling-wave antenna
- H01Q11/08—Helical antennas
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/362—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith for broadside radiating helical antennas
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a device omnidirectional antenna transmission.
- the device proposed by the invention finds in particularly advantageously application for the emission on land mobiles or on satellites.
- An object of the invention is to propose a device allowing both a transmission in pure circular polarization, and a blanket omnidirectional.
- the invention proposes a new type emitting device with toroidal antenna exhibiting better polarization performance than prior art toric radiation antennas.
- Helical antennas are known for their emission properties in circular polarization.
- the invention in turn provides a device emission whose antenna is of the helical strand type and which presents an emission diagram improved by compared to that of an antenna of the type described in US 5,450,093.
- the transmission device proposed by the invention comprises an antenna having a plurality of strands distributed regularly in a helix around the same cylindrical generator, as well as means for supplying said strands by a signal radio frequency, and is characterized in that these means supply realize an equi-phase supply and equi-amplitude of said strands.
- the supply means have a coaxial cable that extends coaxially to inside the antenna and that feeds so bifilar the different strands of it.
- the coaxial cable common to different strands (which is small so avoid stray reflections that would destroy the polarization quality) is protected by a sheath ferrite.
- the antenna illustrated in FIG. 2 is an antenna with four helical strands B 1 to B 4 .
- the propellers of these four strands B 1 to B 4 are identical and offset by ⁇ / 2 relative to each other.
- These four strands are for example wires wound on a cylindrical mandrel of a material dielectric.
- the antenna includes means M for supplying these four strands B 1 to B 4 in an equi-amplitude and equi-phase manner.
- these supply means M comprise a coaxial cable C which extends partly inside the propellers defined by the four strands B 1 to B 4 and which allows a radio frequency signal generated by a U unit.
- the strands B 1 to B 4 are connected to the ground of this coaxial cable C, while at their other end, these strands B 1 to B 4 are connected to the external braid of the coaxial C.
- the connections between the ends of the strands B 1 to B 4 and the coaxial cable C have not been shown so as not to overload FIG. 2.
- the invention is not limited to antennas with four radiating strands, but applies from more generally to any antenna with n strands. A number pair of strands is preferred, however.
- This coaxial cable C is advantageously protected by a ferrite sheath G.
- phase control (balun" according to the English terminology conventionally used by those skilled in the art) distributed every ⁇ / 4 on the strands B 1 to B 4 .
- the strands have a diameter of 1 mm.
- ⁇ represents the angle of progression of each helical strand
- Z r and Z i the real and complex impedances at the input of the antenna (SI units)
- the length of a strand is preferably less than the wavelength ⁇ . Beyond, optimization is more difficult, even if it is possible to obtain trained diagrams.
- FIG. 3 the angular radiation diagram obtained for a axial antenna height of 0.045 m, a base radius of 0.018 m and a ratio of strand length to length wave ⁇ of 0.811.
- the impedance was that indicated on the previous table.
- the transmission frequency was 2000 MHz.
- This radiation pattern is related to a 9 m measurement sphere (far field).
- the circular polarization obtained was of a high quality.
- the type of antenna that is proposed by the invention allows a great compactness of geometry, while allowing almost coverage omninidirectionnelle.
- the antenna which has just been described presents a reduced manufacturing price.
- the antenna is advantageously protected by a radioelectrically transparent radome.
- the antenna can be fixed on a vehicle possibly with a dielectric mat deployable telescopically or made up of several elements nested on top of each other.
- the transmission device proposed by the invention is particularly suitable for all applications requiring emissions omnidirectional and in particular to broadcasts on mini spined satellites navigating in a landmark geocentric or broadcasts from mobile earthly.
Landscapes
- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
- Details Of Aerials (AREA)
Description
La présente invention est relative à un dispositif d'émission à antenne omnidirectionnelle.The present invention relates to a device omnidirectional antenna transmission.
Le dispositif proposé par l'invention trouve en particulier avantageusement application pour l'émission sur des mobiles terrestres ou sur des satellites.The device proposed by the invention finds in particularly advantageously application for the emission on land mobiles or on satellites.
Un des problèmes rencontrés dans la mise en oeuvre opérationnelle d'un aérien peu directif est la modification de son diagramme de rayonnement due à des effets de réflexion (multi trajets).One of the problems encountered in the implementation operational of an overhead directive is the modification of its radiation pattern due to reflection effects (multi paths).
Pour résoudre ce type de problème, on utilise habituellement des antennes à polarisation circulaire aussi pure que possible.To solve this type of problem, we use usually circular polarized antennas as pure as possible.
Un but de l'invention est de proposer un dispositif permettant à la fois une émission en polarisation circulaire pure, et une couverture omnidirectionnelle.An object of the invention is to propose a device allowing both a transmission in pure circular polarization, and a blanket omnidirectional.
On connaít déjà de nombreux types d'antennes omnidirectionnelles.We already know many types of antennas omnidirectional.
On peut notamment citer les antennes à fente disposées sur cylindres, et plus particulièrement les antennes bicônes, ainsi que les antennes à spirale cônique, ou encore les antennes de type dipôle, par exemple celles qui ont été décrites dans les publications :
- Brown and Woodward, "Circulary polarized omnidirectional antenna", R.C.A. Rev. June 1947 ;
- K. Sakaguchi and N. Hasebe "Acriculary polarized omnidirectional antenna", IEEE Trans. on Antennas and propagation.
- Brown and Woodward, "Circulary polarized omnidirectional antenna", RCA Rev. June 1947;
- K. Sakaguchi and N. Hasebe "Acriculary polarized omnidirectional antenna", IEEE Trans. on Antennas and propagation.
Ces différents types d'antennes permettent un rayonnement torique tel qu'illustré sur la figure 1, mais ne permettent pas de réaliser une polarisation circulaire satisfaisante.These different types of antennas allow toric radiation as shown in Figure 1, but do not allow circular polarization satisfactory.
L'invention propose quant à elle un nouveau type de dispositif d'émission à antenne à rayonnement torique présentant de meilleures performances de polarisation que les antennes à rayonnement torique de l'art antérieur.The invention proposes a new type emitting device with toroidal antenna exhibiting better polarization performance than prior art toric radiation antennas.
Les antennes hélicoïdales sont connues pour leurs propriétés d'émission en polarisation circulaire.Helical antennas are known for their emission properties in circular polarization.
On pourra à cet égard avantageusement se référer à la publication :
- Harold A. Wheeler "A helical Antenna for circular polarisation", Proceedings of I.R.E., December 1947.
- Harold A. Wheeler "A helical Antenna for circular polarization", Proceedings of IRE, December 1947.
Il a déjà été proposé dans US 5 450 093 une antenne omnidirectionnelle à quatre brins hélicoïdaux. Ces différents brins y sont alimentés de façon déphasée les uns par rapport aux autres.It has already been proposed in US 5,450,093 a omnidirectional antenna with four helical strands. These different strands are fed out of phase there relative to each other.
Toutefois, les diagrammes de rayonnement de ce type d'antenne ne sont pas encore pleinement satisfaisants.However, the radiation patterns of this type of antenna are not yet fully satisfactory.
L'invention propose quant à elle un dispositif d'émission dont l'antenne est du type à brins hélicoïdaux et qui présente un diagramme d'émission amélioré par rapport à celui d'une antenne du type décrit dans US 5 450 093.The invention in turn provides a device emission whose antenna is of the helical strand type and which presents an emission diagram improved by compared to that of an antenna of the type described in US 5,450,093.
Plus particulièrement, le dispositif d'émission proposé par l'invention comporte une antenne présentant une pluralité de brins répartis régulièrement en hélice autour d'une même génératrice cylindrique, ainsi que des moyens pour l'alimentation desdits brins par un signal radiofréquence, et est caractérisé en ce que ces moyens d'alimentation réalisent une alimentation équi-phase et équi-amplitude desdits brins.More particularly, the transmission device proposed by the invention comprises an antenna having a plurality of strands distributed regularly in a helix around the same cylindrical generator, as well as means for supplying said strands by a signal radio frequency, and is characterized in that these means supply realize an equi-phase supply and equi-amplitude of said strands.
Avantageusement, les moyens d'alimentation comportent un câble coaxial qui s'étend coaxialement à l'intérieur de l'antenne et qui alimente de façon bifilaire les différents brins de celle-ci.Advantageously, the supply means have a coaxial cable that extends coaxially to inside the antenna and that feeds so bifilar the different strands of it.
De préférence, le câble coaxial commun aux différents brins (qui est de faible dimension afin d'éviter les réflexions parasites qui détruiraient la qualité de la polarisation) est protégé par une gaine de ferrite.Preferably, the coaxial cable common to different strands (which is small so avoid stray reflections that would destroy the polarization quality) is protected by a sheath ferrite.
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention ressortiront encore de la description qui suit. Cette description est purement illustrative et non limitative. Elle doit être lue en regard des dessins annexés sur lesquels :
- la figure 1 illustre un rayonnement torique, c'est-à-dire un rayonnement tel que recherché par l'invention ;
- la figure 2 est une représentation schématique en perspective d'un dispositif conforme à un mode de réalisation possible pour l'invention ;
- la figure 3 illustre un exemple de diagramme de rayonnement obtenu avec l'antenne de la figure 2.
- Figure 1 illustrates a toric radiation, that is to say radiation as sought by the invention;
- Figure 2 is a schematic perspective representation of a device according to a possible embodiment for the invention;
- FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a radiation diagram obtained with the antenna of FIG. 2.
L'antenne illustrée sur la figure 2 est une antenne à quatre brins hélicoïdaux B1 à B4. Les hélices de ces quatre brins B1 à B4 sont identiques et décalées de π/2 les unes par rapport aux autres.The antenna illustrated in FIG. 2 is an antenna with four helical strands B 1 to B 4 . The propellers of these four strands B 1 to B 4 are identical and offset by π / 2 relative to each other.
Ces quatre brins sont par exemple des fils enroulés sur un mandrin cylindrique en un matériau diélectrique.These four strands are for example wires wound on a cylindrical mandrel of a material dielectric.
En variante, il est possible d'envisager de réaliser cette antenne en utilisant une technologie imprimée, les brins étant imprimés sur un support diélectrique.Alternatively, it is possible to consider make this antenna using technology printed, the strands being printed on a support dielectric.
Conformément à l'invention, l'antenne comporte des moyens M pour alimenter ces quatre brins B1 à B4 de façon équi-amplitude et équi-phase.According to the invention, the antenna includes means M for supplying these four strands B 1 to B 4 in an equi-amplitude and equi-phase manner.
Dans l'exemple ici décrit, ces moyens d'alimentation M comportent un câble coaxial C qui s'étend en partie à l'intérieur des hélices définies par les quatre brins B1 à B4 et qui permet de véhiculer jusqu'auxdits brins un signal radio-fréquence généré par une unité U.In the example described here, these supply means M comprise a coaxial cable C which extends partly inside the propellers defined by the four strands B 1 to B 4 and which allows a radio frequency signal generated by a U unit.
A l'une des extrémités de l'antenne, les brins B1 à B4 sont reliés à la masse de ce câble coaxial C, tandis qu'à leur autre extrémité, ces brins B1 à B4 sont reliés à la tresse externe du coaxial C. Les liaisons entre les extrémités des brins B1 à B4 et le câble coaxial C n'ont pas été représentées pour ne pas surcharger la figure 2.At one end of the antenna, the strands B 1 to B 4 are connected to the ground of this coaxial cable C, while at their other end, these strands B 1 to B 4 are connected to the external braid of the coaxial C. The connections between the ends of the strands B 1 to B 4 and the coaxial cable C have not been shown so as not to overload FIG. 2.
Bien entendu, l'invention n'est pas limitée aux antennes à quatre brins rayonnants, mais s'applique de façon plus générale à toute antenne à n brins. Un nombre pair de brins est toutefois préféré.Of course, the invention is not limited to antennas with four radiating strands, but applies from more generally to any antenna with n strands. A number pair of strands is preferred, however.
Ce câble coaxial C est avantageusement protégé par une gaine de ferrite G.This coaxial cable C is advantageously protected by a ferrite sheath G.
Une telle configuration permet en effet d'éviter que la masse du câble coaxial constitue un obstacle métallique qui perturbe l'émission.Such a configuration indeed makes it possible to avoid that the mass of the coaxial cable constitutes an obstacle metallic which disturbs the emission.
En variante, il peut être prévu sur le câble coaxial C des anneaux de ferrite répartis tous les λ/4 dans la longueur dudit câble, où λ est la longueur d'onde d'émission.Alternatively, it can be provided on the cable coaxial C of ferrite rings distributed every λ / 4 in the length of said cable, where λ is the wavelength resignation.
En variante encore, on peut prévoir des moyens de contrôle de phase ("balun" selon la terminologie anglo-saxonne classiquement utilisée par l'Homme du Métier) répartis tous les λ/4 sur les brins B1 à B4.In another variant, it is possible to provide means for phase control ("balun" according to the English terminology conventionally used by those skilled in the art) distributed every λ / 4 on the strands B 1 to B 4 .
On notera que la protection par une gaine de ferrite est préférée de par sa simplicité de mise en oeuvre, notamment pour les utilisations au sol.Note that protection by a sheath of ferrite is preferred for its simplicity of implementation work, especially for ground uses.
Des exemples de résultats de directivité sont présentés sur le tableau suivant, pour différentes dimensions d'antenne et différentes impédances d'entrée.Examples of directivity results are presented in the following table, for different antenna dimensions and different input impedances.
Ces exemples correspondent à des antennes à deux brins en hélice sur un tour.These examples correspond to antennas with two helical strands on a lathe.
Les brins présentent un diamètre de 1 mm.
α représente l'angle de progression de chaque brin en hélice, Zr et Zi les impédances réelle et complexe en entrée de l'antenne (unités S.I.)α represents the angle of progression of each helical strand, Z r and Z i the real and complex impedances at the input of the antenna (SI units)
Comme on le notera sur ce tableau, la directivité d'une telle antenne varie sensiblement de 1,7 dBi à 2,8 dBi.As will be noted in this table, the directivity of such an antenna varies significantly from 1.7 dBi to 2.8 dBi.
On notera également que la longueur d'un brin est préférentiellement inférieure à la longueur d'onde λ. Au-delà, l'optimisation est plus délicate, même s'il est possible d'obtenir des diagrammes formés.Note also that the length of a strand is preferably less than the wavelength λ. Beyond, optimization is more difficult, even if it is possible to obtain trained diagrams.
Les résultats présentés dans le tableau précédent ont été vérifiés expérimentalement.The results presented in the previous table have been verified experimentally.
On a, à titre illustratif, porté sur la figure 3 le diagramme angulaire de rayonnement obtenu pour une hauteur axiale d'antenne de 0,045 m, un rayon de base de 0,018 m et un rapport de la longueur de brin à la longueur d'onde λ de 0,811. L'impédance était celle indiquée sur le tableau précédent.We have, by way of illustration, shown in FIG. 3 the angular radiation diagram obtained for a axial antenna height of 0.045 m, a base radius of 0.018 m and a ratio of strand length to length wave λ of 0.811. The impedance was that indicated on the previous table.
La fréquence d'émission était de 2000 MHz.The transmission frequency was 2000 MHz.
Ce diagramme de rayonnement est rapporté à une sphère de mesure de 9 m (champ lointain).This radiation pattern is related to a 9 m measurement sphere (far field).
La polarisation circulaire obtenue était d'une grande qualité.The circular polarization obtained was of a high quality.
On notera que le type d'antenne qui est proposé par l'invention permet une grande compacité de géométrie, tout en permettant une couverture quasi omninidirectionnelle.Note that the type of antenna that is proposed by the invention allows a great compactness of geometry, while allowing almost coverage omninidirectionnelle.
Par ailleurs, l'antenne qui vient d'être décrite présente un prix de fabrication réduit.Furthermore, the antenna which has just been described presents a reduced manufacturing price.
On notera également que la compacité de l'antenne qui vient d'être décrite permet d'envisager d'empiler l'une au-dessus de l'autre, par exemple sur un même mandrin, plusieurs antennes de ce type alimentées par un même coaxial, afin d'augmenter la directivité de l'aérien réalisé.Note also that the compactness of the antenna which has just been described makes it possible to envisage stacking one above the other, for example on the same mandrel, several antennas of this type supplied by a even coaxial, in order to increase the directivity of the aerial realized.
Par ailleurs, l'antenne est avantageusement protégée par un radôme radioélectriquement transparent.Furthermore, the antenna is advantageously protected by a radioelectrically transparent radome.
Par exemple, au sol, l'antenne peut être fixée sur un véhicule par un mat diélectrique éventuellement déployable de façon téléscopique ou encore constitué de plusieurs éléments emboítés les uns sur les autres.For example, on the ground, the antenna can be fixed on a vehicle possibly with a dielectric mat deployable telescopically or made up of several elements nested on top of each other.
Comme on l'aura compris, le dispositif d'émission proposé par l'invention est particulièrement adapté à toutes les applications nécessitant des émissions omnidirectionnelles et notamment aux émissions sur des mini satellites spinés naviguant dans un repère géocentrique ou encore des émissions à partir de mobile terrestre.As will be understood, the transmission device proposed by the invention is particularly suitable for all applications requiring emissions omnidirectional and in particular to broadcasts on mini spined satellites navigating in a landmark geocentric or broadcasts from mobile earthly.
Claims (10)
- Transmission device comprising an antenna having a plurality of aerial wires (B1 to B4) distributed regularly in a helix about one and the same cylindrical generatrix, as well as means (C, U) for feeding the said aerial wires with a radiofrequency signal, characterized in that these feed means (C, U) produce an equi-phase and equi-amplitude feed of the said aerial wires.
- Device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the feed means comprise a coaxial cable (C) which runs coaxially inside the antenna and which feeds the various aerial wires (B1 to B4) of the latter in a bifilar manner.
- Device according to Claim 2, characterized in that the coaxial cable is protected by a ferrite sheath (G) .
- Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the aerial wires (B1 to B4) consist of wires wound on the same dielectric mandrel.
- Device according to Claim 3, characterized in that the aerial wires (B1 to B4) are conductors printed on a dielectric support.
- Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the antenna is protected by a radioelectrically transparent radome.
- Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises several antennas of this type coaxially superimposed and fed in parallel in an equi-phase and equi-amplitude manner by the feed means.
- Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the length of an aerial wire is less than the transmission wavelength.
- Use of a transmission device according to one of the preceding claims on a terrestrial mobile.
- Use of a device according to one of Claims 1 to 8 on a satellite, especially a spun satellite.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9608601A FR2751137B1 (en) | 1996-07-10 | 1996-07-10 | TRANSMISSION DEVICE WITH OMNIDIRECTIONAL ANTENNA |
| FR9608601 | 1996-07-10 | ||
| PCT/FR1997/001243 WO1998001920A1 (en) | 1996-07-10 | 1997-07-09 | Transmission device with omnidirectional antenna |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0850496A1 EP0850496A1 (en) | 1998-07-01 |
| EP0850496B1 true EP0850496B1 (en) | 2002-04-03 |
Family
ID=9493897
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP97932866A Expired - Lifetime EP0850496B1 (en) | 1996-07-10 | 1997-07-09 | Transmission device with omnidirectional antenna |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6300916B1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0850496B1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69711574T2 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2751137B1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1998001920A1 (en) |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2953786A (en) * | 1958-06-04 | 1960-09-20 | Gen Electric | Antenna for polarized propagation |
| FR1330197A (en) * | 1962-05-07 | 1963-06-21 | Csf | New directive antenna |
| US3235871A (en) * | 1962-06-11 | 1966-02-15 | Chu | Helical antenna with transversely extending, top-loading straight antenna in series therewith |
| FR1459298A (en) * | 1965-10-08 | 1966-04-29 | Csf | Longitudinal radiating resonant antenna |
| FR2624656B1 (en) * | 1987-12-10 | 1990-05-18 | Centre Nat Etd Spatiales | PROPELLER-TYPE ANTENNA AND ITS MANUFACTURING METHOD |
| GB9603914D0 (en) * | 1996-02-23 | 1996-04-24 | Symmetricom Inc | An antenna |
-
1996
- 1996-07-10 FR FR9608601A patent/FR2751137B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1997
- 1997-07-09 WO PCT/FR1997/001243 patent/WO1998001920A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1997-07-09 DE DE69711574T patent/DE69711574T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-07-09 EP EP97932866A patent/EP0850496B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-07-09 US US09/029,962 patent/US6300916B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO1998001920A1 (en) | 1998-01-15 |
| EP0850496A1 (en) | 1998-07-01 |
| FR2751137A1 (en) | 1998-01-16 |
| US6300916B1 (en) | 2001-10-09 |
| DE69711574D1 (en) | 2002-05-08 |
| DE69711574T2 (en) | 2002-11-21 |
| FR2751137B1 (en) | 1998-11-06 |
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