EP2828931A1 - Compact helical antenna with a sinusoidal profile modulating a fractal pattern - Google Patents

Compact helical antenna with a sinusoidal profile modulating a fractal pattern

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Publication number
EP2828931A1
EP2828931A1 EP13713401.1A EP13713401A EP2828931A1 EP 2828931 A1 EP2828931 A1 EP 2828931A1 EP 13713401 A EP13713401 A EP 13713401A EP 2828931 A1 EP2828931 A1 EP 2828931A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna
fractal
pattern
type
segment
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP13713401.1A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2828931B1 (en
Inventor
Hervé AUBERT
Hubert Diez
Daniel BELOT
Alexandru Takacs
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Centre National dEtudes Spatiales CNES
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS
Original Assignee
Centre National dEtudes Spatiales CNES
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS
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Filing date
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Application filed by Centre National dEtudes Spatiales CNES, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS filed Critical Centre National dEtudes Spatiales CNES
Publication of EP2828931A1 publication Critical patent/EP2828931A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2828931B1 publication Critical patent/EP2828931B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/362—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith for broadside radiating helical antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q11/00—Electrically-long antennas having dimensions more than twice the shortest operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q11/02—Non-resonant antennas, e.g. travelling-wave antenna
    • H01Q11/08—Helical antennas

Definitions

  • the invention relates to helical type antennas.
  • it relates to printed quadrifilar helix type antennas.
  • Such antennas find particular application in L-band telemetry systems (operating frequency between 1 and 2 GHz, typically around 1.5 GHz) for stratospheric balloon payloads.
  • the printed helix antennas have the advantage of being simple and inexpensive to manufacture.
  • EP 0320404 discloses a printed helix antenna and its manufacturing method.
  • Such an antenna comprises four radiating strands in the form of metal strips obtained by removing material from the metallization on either side of the strips of a metallized zone of a printed circuit.
  • the printed circuit is intended to be wound helically around a cylinder.
  • Compact helical antennas comprising meandering radiating strands have been proposed to reduce the size of antennas of this type.
  • Document FR 2 916 581 describes a helix-type antenna comprising radiating strands consisting of a repetition of a fractal pattern.
  • the fractal patterns composed of rectilinear segments have a much smaller number of degrees of freedom that the designer can play in order to adjust and optimize the performance of the compact antenna.
  • the invention makes it possible to reduce the size of the known type of helix antennas and in particular to reduce the height of such antennas.
  • the invention relates to a helix-type antenna comprising a form of revolution and a plurality of radiating strands helically wound around the form of revolution, characterized in that each radiating strand is defined by a repetition of a fractal pattern comprising segments constituted by a sinusoidal curve.
  • each segment of the fractal pattern has an identical length
  • the fractal is of the Von Koch type, each straight line of which is replaced by a sinusoidal segment;
  • the radiating strands are each constituted by a determined metallized zone, helically wound on the lateral surface of a sleeve, such that the director axis of each strand is distant from the axis of the next strand by a determined distance, defined along any perpendicular to any guide line of the sleeve as the distance between two points, each defined by an intersection between the axis of a strand and a perpendicular to any guide line of the sleeve;
  • the antenna comprises four identical radiating strands
  • the length of an unwound strand is of the order of k - where ⁇ is the operating wavelength of the antenna.
  • Figure 1 schematically illustrates in developed a helical antenna of known type comprising straight radiating strands
  • FIG. 2 schematically illustrates a front view of a known type of helix antenna comprising straight radiating strands
  • FIGS. 3a, 3b and 3c illustrate a Von Koch type reference pattern with rectilinear segments and segments consisting of a sinusoidal curve
  • FIGS. 4a, 4b and 4c respectively illustrate a first reference pattern, first order fractal, a second order fractal and a 3rd order fractal;
  • FIGS. 5a, 5b and 5c respectively illustrate a second reference pattern, first order fractal, a second order fractal and a third order fractal;
  • FIGS. 6a, 6b and 6c respectively illustrate a third reference pattern, first order fractal, a second order fractal and a 3rd order fractal;
  • FIGS. 7a and 7b respectively show a fourth reference pattern, first order fractal and a second order fractal
  • FIGS. 8a and 8b respectively show a reference pattern, first order fractal and a second order fractal for patterns of the radiating strands, according to a fifth embodiment
  • FIGS. 9a, 9b and 9c illustrate a Von Koch type reference pattern with segments constituted by a sinusoidal curve according to several embodiments
  • FIG. 10 illustrates an embodiment of a helix-type antenna according to the invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
  • Figures 1 and 2 respectively illustrate a developed view and a front view of a helical antenna comprising four radiating strands helically wound.
  • Such an antenna comprises two parts 1, 2.
  • Part 1 comprises a conductive area 10 and four radiating strands 1 1, 12, 13 and 14.
  • the helical type antenna comprises four radiating strands 1 1, 12, 13, 14 helically wound in a form of revolution around a sleeve 15, for example.
  • the strands 1 1 -14 are connected on the one hand in short circuit at a first end 1 1 1, 121, 131, 141 of the strands to the conductive zone 10 and on the other hand at the a second end 12, 122, 132, 142 of the strands to the supply circuit 20.
  • the radiating strands 1 1 -14 of the antenna may be identical and are for example four in number.
  • the antenna is in this case quadrifilar.
  • the sleeve 15 on which the antenna is wound is shown in dashed lines in FIG. 1 to form the antenna as shown in FIG.
  • the radiating strands 1 -14 are oriented so that a support axis ⁇ ', BB', CC and DD 'of each strand forms an angle ⁇ with respect to any plane orthogonal to any direct line L of the sleeve 15.
  • This angle corresponds to the helical winding angle of the radiating strands.
  • the radiating strands 1 1 -14 are each constituted by a metallized zone.
  • the metallized zones of part 1 are symmetrical bands with respect to a guide axis ⁇ ', BB', CC ⁇ DD 'of the strands.
  • the distance d between two successive strands is defined along any perpendicular to any line L of the sleeve 15 as the distance between two points, each defined as the intersection of the said perpendicular with an axis of the strands.
  • this distance d will be fixed at a quarter of the perimeter of the sleeve 15.
  • the substrate supporting the metal strips is helically wound on the lateral surface of the sleeve 15.
  • the two parts 1, 2 are formed on a printed circuit 100.
  • the radiating strands 1 -14 are then metal strips obtained by removal of material on each side of the strips of a metallized zone, on the surface of the printed circuit 100.
  • the printed circuit 100 is intended to be wound around a sleeve 15 having a general shape of revolution, such as a cylinder or a cone, for example.
  • Part 2 of the antenna comprises a supply circuit 20 of the antenna.
  • the supply circuit 20 of the antenna is constituted by a transmission line of the meander-shaped ribbon line type, ensuring both the function of distribution of the supply and adaptation of the radiating strands 1 1 -14 of the antenna.
  • the supply of the radiating elements is at equal amplitudes with a progression of phases in quadrature.
  • the reduction of the size of the helix-type antennas as represented in FIGS. 1 and 2 is obtained by using for the radiating strands of the antenna part 1 particular patterns which are going to be described below.
  • Part 2 of the antenna is of known type and will not be more detailed.
  • the radiating strands are constituted by a fractal, comprising segments constituted by a sinusoidal curve.
  • a segment is an elemental element of the fractal pattern.
  • FIG. 3a illustrates a reference pattern of a Von Koch fractal having three elementary elements 30, 31, 33. Such a pattern is a fractal of order 1.
  • the elementary element is a rectilinear segment.
  • Fractals have the property of self-similarity, they are formed of copies of themselves at different scales. They are self-similar and very irregular curves.
  • a fractal is composed in particular of reduced replicas, of the reference pattern.
  • a fractal is generated by iteration of steps of reduction of the reference pattern then application of the pattern obtained to the reference pattern.
  • the higher orders are obtained by applying to the middle of each segment of the reference pattern this same reduced reference pattern, and so on.
  • the reference pattern may be simple or alternating with respect to a direction axis of the pattern.
  • the choice of the pattern itself is guided by the radiation performance of the antenna.
  • each rectilinear segment of the fractal pattern is replaced by a sinusoidal segment.
  • Such a replacement makes it possible to increase the deployed length of the radiating strand for a given height or to reduce the height of the antenna for a given deployed length.
  • the resonance frequency of the antenna is fixed by the extended length of the radiating strands.
  • This extended length is a function of the propeller parameters (height, radius and number of revolutions) and the geometry of the pattern used.
  • FIG. 3b illustrates a reference pattern used for the strands of the helix antenna, each segment 30 ', 31', 32 ', 33' of the fractal pattern is constituted by a sinusoidal segment.
  • FIG. 3a there is a first-order Von Koch fractal pattern composed of four rectilinear segments of identical length (L 73, L 'being the' horizontal 'length of the pattern.)
  • L 73, L ' being the' horizontal 'length of the pattern.
  • FIG. of length L73 of the Von Koch pattern that of FIG. 3a is replaced by a sinusoidal segment (ie a half-period of sinusoid).
  • a fractal pattern is defined by three parameters:
  • one strand of the antenna is defined by the following parameters:
  • y SkL'.sm ( ⁇ . X ⁇
  • S is a value integer in ⁇ - 1
  • + l ⁇ constant on a segment
  • k is the ratio between the amplitude of the sinusoid and its half-wavelength (half-period)
  • this reference pattern is constituted by a succession of alternating sinusoid arcs constituting a fractal pattern.
  • the function can be defined segment by segment or by adopting a curvilinear coordinate along the pattern,
  • the functional unit defined above has been applied in segments of two segments (segments 30, 31 on the one hand and segments 32, 33 on the other hand).
  • the parameter k makes it possible to increase the length deployed for each corresponding segment of the fractal Von Koch: instead of having a short rectilinear segment, there is a sinusoidal segment of greater length. The larger the amplitude of the sinusoid, the larger the length deployed. However, care must be taken to avoid overlapping radiating strands when k takes too high values.
  • FIGS. 4a, 5a, 6a, 7a and 8a illustrate a reference pattern (fractal of order 1) whose segments are rectilinear.
  • the reference pattern is a triangle in which the base is deleted.
  • the reference pattern is a square in which the base is deleted.
  • the reference pattern comprises two isosceles trapezes in opposition and spaced from the width of the small base, in which the large base has been removed. The angle ⁇ between one side extending from the small base to the large base.
  • the reference pattern comprises two equilateral triangles in opposition and spaced apart from the width of one side, in which the base has been removed.
  • Figures 4b, 5b and 6b, 7b and 8b respectively illustrate the order 2 of a fractal pattern following an iteration of the reference patterns of Figures 4a, 5a, 6a, 7a, 8a, respectively.
  • FIGS. 4c, 5c, 6c respectively illustrate the order 3 of a fractal pattern following two iterations of the reference patterns of FIGS. 4a, 5a, 6a.
  • the angle ⁇ is the angle between the first inclined segment and the deleted base.
  • n being the order of the fractal curve. In this way, one can extend a strand length in the same length.
  • This reference pattern is called a "Von Koch Modified" pattern.
  • each segment constituting the fractal patterns described above is constituted by a sinusoidal curve.
  • these patterns are not shown but in view of the description above, the skilled person understands how to achieve the helix antenna whose radiating strands are constituted by a fractal pattern whose segments are constituted by a sinusoidal segment.
  • a helix type antenna comprising a Von Koch type fractal whose segments have been replaced by sinusoidal segments has been realized and tested.
  • Figure 10 illustrates an embodiment of such an antenna.
  • the performance of such an antenna was measured and compared to a quadrifilar helix (reference) antenna comprising rectilinear strands, the antenna having a height of 514 mm.
  • the table below lists the different parameters used for the radiating strands.
  • the basic fractal is a motif of Von Koch.
  • the relative size (%) is calculated as the ratio between the height of the compact antenna and the height of the reference antenna (514 mm).
  • the antenna based on the Von Koch pattern with sinusoidal segments of order 2 and with two cells.
  • This antenna has the same 137MHz pattern and resonance frequency (144MHz).
  • its height is 198 mm (relative size 38.5%), a reduction of 61.5% of the height of the reference antenna.

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  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)

Abstract

The invention concerns a helical antenna comprising a shape of revolution and a plurality of radiating strands helically wound around the shape of revolution, characterised in that each radiating strand is defined by a repetition of a fractal pattern comprising segments formed by a sinusoidal curve.

Description

ANTENNE HELICE COMPACTE A PROFIL SINUSOÏDAL MODULANT UN MOTIF FRACTAL  COMPACT SINE-PROFILE PROPELLER ANTENNA MODULATING A FRACTAL PATTERN
DOMAINE TECHNIQUE GENERAL GENERAL TECHNICAL FIELD
L'invention concerne les antennes de type hélice. En particulier, elle concerne les antennes de type hélice quadrifilaires imprimées. De telles antennes trouvent notamment application dans des systèmes de télémétrie en bande L (fréquence de fonctionnement comprise entre 1 et 2 GHz, typiquement autour de 1 ,5 GHz) pour des charges utiles de ballons stratosphériques.  The invention relates to helical type antennas. In particular, it relates to printed quadrifilar helix type antennas. Such antennas find particular application in L-band telemetry systems (operating frequency between 1 and 2 GHz, typically around 1.5 GHz) for stratospheric balloon payloads.
ETAT DE LA TECHNIQUE STATE OF THE ART
Les antennes de type hélice imprimées présentent l'avantage d'être de fabrication simple et peu onéreuse.  The printed helix antennas have the advantage of being simple and inexpensive to manufacture.
Elles sont particulièrement adaptées aux signaux de télémétrie à polarisation circulaire en bande L, signaux utilisés dans les charges utiles de ballons stratosphériques.  They are particularly suitable for L-band circular polarization telemetry signals used in stratospheric balloon payloads.
Elles offrent en outre un bon taux d'ellipticité et donc une bonne polarisation circulaire sur une large gamme d'angles d'élévations.  They also offer a good ellipticity rate and therefore a good circular polarization over a wide range of elevation angles.
Le brevet EP 0320404 décrit une antenne imprimée de type hélice et son procédé de fabrication.  EP 0320404 discloses a printed helix antenna and its manufacturing method.
Une telle antenne comprend quatre brins rayonnants en forme de bandes métalliques obtenus par enlèvement de matière de la métallisation de part et d'autre des bandes d'une zone métallisée d'un circuit imprimé. Le circuit imprimé est destiné à être enroulé en hélice autour d'un cylindre.  Such an antenna comprises four radiating strands in the form of metal strips obtained by removing material from the metallization on either side of the strips of a metallized zone of a printed circuit. The printed circuit is intended to be wound helically around a cylinder.
Ces antennes bien qu'offrant de bonnes performances sont toutefois encombrantes.  These antennas although offering good performance are however cumbersome.
Des antennes compactes de type hélice, comprenant des brins rayonnants en forme de méandre ont été proposées pour réduire la taille des antennes de ce type. L'article : Y. Letestu, A. Sharaiha, Ph. Besnier « A size reduced configuration of printed quadrifilar helix antenna, » IEEE workshop on Antenna Technology: Small Antennas and Novel Metamaterials, 2005, pp. 326-328, Mars 2005, décrit de telles antennes compactes. Compact helical antennas comprising meandering radiating strands have been proposed to reduce the size of antennas of this type. The article: Y. Letestu, A. Sharaiha, Ph. Besnier "A small scale configuration of printed quadrifilar helix antenna," IEEE workshop on Antenna Technology: Small Antennas and Novel Metamaterials, 2005, pp. 326-328, March 2005, describes such compact antennas.
Toutefois, bien qu'un gain de l'ordre de 35% (réduction de la hauteur) sur l'encombrement ait été obtenu, les performances, notamment en polarisation croisée et en rayonnement arrière, sont dégradées montrant les limites de l'utilisation de tels motifs quant à la réduction de la taille des antennes de ce type.  However, although a gain in the order of 35% (height reduction) on the footprint has been obtained, the performances, in particular in cross polarization and backward radiation, are degraded showing the limits of the use of such reasons as to reduce the size of antennas of this type.
Le document FR 2 916 581 décrit une antenne de type hélice comprenant des brins rayonnants constitués d'une répétition d'un motif fractal.  Document FR 2 916 581 describes a helix-type antenna comprising radiating strands consisting of a repetition of a fractal pattern.
Toutefois, l'utilisation de ces motifs ne permet pas de réduire significativement la taille de l'antenne.  However, the use of these patterns does not significantly reduce the size of the antenna.
En outre les motifs fractals composés de segments rectil ignés présentent un nombre beaucoup moins important de degrés de liberté sur lesquels le concepteur peut jouer afin d'ajuster et d'optimiser les performances de l'antenne compacte. De plus, à hauteur d'antenne donnée, beaucoup moins de solutions comportant ces motifs existent.  In addition, the fractal patterns composed of rectilinear segments have a much smaller number of degrees of freedom that the designer can play in order to adjust and optimize the performance of the compact antenna. In addition, at given antenna height, far fewer solutions with these patterns exist.
PRESENTATION DE L'INVENTION PRESENTATION OF THE INVENTION
L'invention permet de réduire l'encombrement des antennes hélice de type connu et notamment de réduire la hauteur de telles antennes.  The invention makes it possible to reduce the size of the known type of helix antennas and in particular to reduce the height of such antennas.
A cet effet selon un premier aspect l'invention concerne une antenne de type hélice comprenant une forme de révolution et une pluralité de brins rayonnants enroulés en hélice autour de la forme de révolution, caractérisée en ce que chaque brin rayonnant est défini par une répétition d'un motif fractal comportant des segments constitués par une courbe sinusoïdale. L'invention est avantageusement complétée par les caractéristiques suivantes, prises seules ou en une quelconque de leur combinaison techniquement possible : To this end, according to a first aspect, the invention relates to a helix-type antenna comprising a form of revolution and a plurality of radiating strands helically wound around the form of revolution, characterized in that each radiating strand is defined by a repetition of a fractal pattern comprising segments constituted by a sinusoidal curve. The invention is advantageously completed by the following features, taken alone or in any of their technically possible combination:
- chaque segment correspond ne demi-période d'une courbe sinusoïdale définie par ( ) = où : S est un entier à each segment corresponds to half-period of a sinusoidal curve defined by () = where: S is an integer to
valeur dans {- l; + l} , k est le rapport entre l'amplitude de la sinusoïde et sa demi-longueur d'onde ;  value in {- l; + l}, k is the ratio between the amplitude of the sinusoid and its half-wavelength;
- chaque segment du motif fractal à une longueur identique ;  each segment of the fractal pattern has an identical length;
- le fractal est du type Von Koch dont chaque ligne droite est remplacée par un segment sinusoïdal ;  the fractal is of the Von Koch type, each straight line of which is replaced by a sinusoidal segment;
- les brins rayonnants sont chacun constitués par une zone métallisée déterminée, enroulée en hélice sur la surface latérale d'un manchon, tel que l'axe directeur de chaque brin est distant de l'axe du brin suivant d'une distance déterminée, définie selon toute perpendiculaire à toute ligne directrice du manchon comme la distance entre deux points, chacun défini par une intersection entre l'axe d'un brin et une perpendiculaire à toute ligne directrice du manchon ;  the radiating strands are each constituted by a determined metallized zone, helically wound on the lateral surface of a sleeve, such that the director axis of each strand is distant from the axis of the next strand by a determined distance, defined along any perpendicular to any guide line of the sleeve as the distance between two points, each defined by an intersection between the axis of a strand and a perpendicular to any guide line of the sleeve;
- la forme de révolution est cylindrique ou conique ;  - the form of revolution is cylindrical or conical;
- l'antenne comprend quatre brins rayonnants identiques ;  the antenna comprises four identical radiating strands;
λ  λ
- la longueur d'un brin déroulé est de l'ordre de k.— où λ est la longueur d'onde de fonctionnement de l'antenne.  the length of an unwound strand is of the order of k - where λ is the operating wavelength of the antenna.
PRESENTATION DES FIGURES PRESENTATION OF FIGURES
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention ressortiront encore de la description qui suit laquelle est purement illustrative et non limitative et doit être lue en regard des dessins annexés sur lesquels la figure 1 illustre de manière schématique en développé une antenne hélice de type connu comprenant des brins rayonnants rectilignes ; Other features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the description which follows, which is purely illustrative and nonlimiting, and should be read with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: Figure 1 schematically illustrates in developed a helical antenna of known type comprising straight radiating strands;
la figure 2 illustre de manière schématique une vue de face d'une antenne hélice de type connu comprenant des brins rayonnants rectilignes ; FIG. 2 schematically illustrates a front view of a known type of helix antenna comprising straight radiating strands;
les figures 3a, 3b et 3c illustrent un motif de référence de type Von Koch avec des segments rectilignes et avec des segments constitués par une courbe sinusoïdale ; FIGS. 3a, 3b and 3c illustrate a Von Koch type reference pattern with rectilinear segments and segments consisting of a sinusoidal curve;
les figures 4a, 4b et 4c illustrent respectivement un premier motif de référence, fractal d'ordre 1 , un fractal d'ordre 2 et un fractal d'ordre 3 ; FIGS. 4a, 4b and 4c respectively illustrate a first reference pattern, first order fractal, a second order fractal and a 3rd order fractal;
les figures 5a, 5b et 5c illustrent respectivement, un second motif de référence, fractal d'ordre 1 , un fractal d'ordre 2 et un fractal d'ordre 3 ; FIGS. 5a, 5b and 5c respectively illustrate a second reference pattern, first order fractal, a second order fractal and a third order fractal;
les figures 6a, 6b et 6c illustrent respectivement, un troisième motif de référence, fractal d'ordre 1 , un fractal d'ordre 2 et un fractal d'ordre 3 ; FIGS. 6a, 6b and 6c respectively illustrate a third reference pattern, first order fractal, a second order fractal and a 3rd order fractal;
les figures 7a et 7b illustrent respectivement, un quatrième motif de référence, fractal d'ordre 1 et un fractal d'ordre 2 ; FIGS. 7a and 7b respectively show a fourth reference pattern, first order fractal and a second order fractal;
les figures 8a et 8b illustrent respectivement, un motif de référence, fractal d'ordre 1 et un fractal d'ordre 2 pour des motifs des brins rayonnants, selon un cinquième mode de réalisation ; les figures 9a, 9b, 9c illustrent un motif de référence de type Von Koch avec des segments constitués par une courbe sinusoïdale selon plusieurs réalisations ; FIGS. 8a and 8b respectively show a reference pattern, first order fractal and a second order fractal for patterns of the radiating strands, according to a fifth embodiment; FIGS. 9a, 9b and 9c illustrate a Von Koch type reference pattern with segments constituted by a sinusoidal curve according to several embodiments;
la figure 10 illustre une réalisation d'une antenne de type hélice selon l'invention. DESCRIPTION DETAILLEE DE L'INVENTION FIG. 10 illustrates an embodiment of a helix-type antenna according to the invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Structure générale de l'antenne  General structure of the antenna
Les figures 1 et 2 illustrent respectivement une vue en développé et une vue de face d'une antenne hélice comprenant quatre brins rayonnants enroulé en hélice.  Figures 1 and 2 respectively illustrate a developed view and a front view of a helical antenna comprising four radiating strands helically wound.
Une telle antenne comprend deux parties 1 , 2.  Such an antenna comprises two parts 1, 2.
La partie 1 comprend une zone conductrice 10 et quatre brins rayonnants 1 1 , 12, 13 et 14.  Part 1 comprises a conductive area 10 and four radiating strands 1 1, 12, 13 and 14.
Sur la partie 1 , l'antenne de type hélice comprend quatre brins rayonnants 1 1 , 12, 13, 14 enroulés en hélice selon une forme de révolution autour d'un manchon 15, par exemple.  In part 1, the helical type antenna comprises four radiating strands 1 1, 12, 13, 14 helically wound in a form of revolution around a sleeve 15, for example.
Sur cette partie, les brins 1 1 -14 sont connectés d'une part en court circuit au niveau d'une première extrémité 1 1 1 , 121 , 131 , 141 des brins à la zone conductrice 10 et d'autre part au niveau d'une seconde extrémité 1 12, 122, 132, 142 des brins au circuit d'alimentation 20.  On this part, the strands 1 1 -14 are connected on the one hand in short circuit at a first end 1 1 1, 121, 131, 141 of the strands to the conductive zone 10 and on the other hand at the a second end 12, 122, 132, 142 of the strands to the supply circuit 20.
Les brins rayonnants 1 1 -14 de l'antenne peuvent être identiques et sont par exemple au nombre de quatre. L'antenne est dans ce cas quadrifilaire.  The radiating strands 1 1 -14 of the antenna may be identical and are for example four in number. The antenna is in this case quadrifilar.
Le manchon 15 sur lequel l'antenne est enroulée est représenté en pointillé sur la figure 1 pour constituer l'antenne telle que représentée sur la figure 2.  The sleeve 15 on which the antenna is wound is shown in dashed lines in FIG. 1 to form the antenna as shown in FIG.
Les brins rayonnants 1 1 -14 sont orientés de sorte qu'un axe support ΑΑ', BB', CC et DD' de chaque brin, forme un angle a par rapport à tout plan orthogonal à toute ligne L directrice du manchon 15.  The radiating strands 1 -14 are oriented so that a support axis ΑΑ ', BB', CC and DD 'of each strand forms an angle α with respect to any plane orthogonal to any direct line L of the sleeve 15.
Cet angle a correspond à l'angle d'enroulement en hélice des brins rayonnants.  This angle corresponds to the helical winding angle of the radiating strands.
Les brins rayonnants 1 1 -14 sont chacun constitué par une zone métallisée. Sur les figures 1 et 2, les zones métallisées de la partie 1 sont des bandes symétriques par rapport à un axe directeur ΑΑ', BB', CC\ DD' des brins. The radiating strands 1 1 -14 are each constituted by a metallized zone. In FIGS. 1 and 2, the metallized zones of part 1 are symmetrical bands with respect to a guide axis ΑΑ ', BB', CC \ DD 'of the strands.
La distance d entre deux brins successifs est définie selon toute perpendiculaire à toute ligne L directrice du manchon 15 comme la distance entre deux points, chacun défini comme l'intersection de la dite perpendiculaire avec un axe des brins.  The distance d between two successive strands is defined along any perpendicular to any line L of the sleeve 15 as the distance between two points, each defined as the intersection of the said perpendicular with an axis of the strands.
Par exemple, pour obtenir une antenne quadrifilaires symétrique, cette distance d sera fixée à un quart du périmètre du manchon 15.  For example, to obtain a symmetrical quadrifilar antenna, this distance d will be fixed at a quarter of the perimeter of the sleeve 15.
Le substrat supportant les bandes métalliques est enroulé en hélice sur la surface latérale du manchon 15.  The substrate supporting the metal strips is helically wound on the lateral surface of the sleeve 15.
Selon un mode de réalisation d'une telle antenne, les deux parties 1 , 2 sont formées sur un circuit imprimé 100.  According to one embodiment of such an antenna, the two parts 1, 2 are formed on a printed circuit 100.
Les brins rayonnants 1 1 -14 sont alors des bandes métalliques obtenues par enlèvement de matière de chaque côté des bandes d'une zone métallisée, sur la surface du circuit imprimé 100.  The radiating strands 1 -14 are then metal strips obtained by removal of material on each side of the strips of a metallized zone, on the surface of the printed circuit 100.
Le circuit imprimé 100 est destiné à être enroulé autour d'un manchon 15 présentant une forme générale de révolution, tel qu'un cylindre ou un cône, par exemple.  The printed circuit 100 is intended to be wound around a sleeve 15 having a general shape of revolution, such as a cylinder or a cone, for example.
La partie 2 de l'antenne comprend un circuit d'alimentation 20 de l'antenne.  Part 2 of the antenna comprises a supply circuit 20 of the antenna.
Le circuit d'alimentation 20 de l'antenne est constitué par une ligne de transmission du type ligne à ruban en forme de méandre, assurant à la fois la fonction de répartition de l'alimentation et d'adaptation des brins rayonnants 1 1 -14 de l'antenne.  The supply circuit 20 of the antenna is constituted by a transmission line of the meander-shaped ribbon line type, ensuring both the function of distribution of the supply and adaptation of the radiating strands 1 1 -14 of the antenna.
L'alimentation des éléments rayonnants se fait à amplitudes égales avec une progression de phases en quadrature.  The supply of the radiating elements is at equal amplitudes with a progression of phases in quadrature.
La réduction de la taille des antennes de type hélice telles que représentées sur les figures 1 et 2 est obtenue en utilisant pour les brins rayonnants de la partie 1 de l'antenne des motifs particuliers qui vont être décrits ci-dessous. La partie 2 de l'antenne est quant à elle de type connu et ne sera pas plus détaillée. The reduction of the size of the helix-type antennas as represented in FIGS. 1 and 2 is obtained by using for the radiating strands of the antenna part 1 particular patterns which are going to be described below. Part 2 of the antenna is of known type and will not be more detailed.
Motifs des brins rayonnants Patterns of radiating strands
Les brins rayonnant sont constitués par un fractal, comportant des segments constitués par une courbe sinusoïdale.  The radiating strands are constituted by a fractal, comprising segments constituted by a sinusoidal curve.
On appelle segment, un élément élémentaire du motif fractal.  A segment is an elemental element of the fractal pattern.
La figure 3a illustre un motif de référence d'un fractal du type Von Koch comportant trois éléments élémentaires 30, 31 , 33. Un tel motif est un fractal d'ordre 1 . Sur la figure 3a l'élément élémentaire est un segment rectiligne.  FIG. 3a illustrates a reference pattern of a Von Koch fractal having three elementary elements 30, 31, 33. Such a pattern is a fractal of order 1. In Figure 3a the elementary element is a rectilinear segment.
Les fractals ont la propriété d'autosimilarité, ils sont formés de copies d'eux-mêmes à des échelles différentes. Ce sont des courbes auto-similaires et très irrégulières.  Fractals have the property of self-similarity, they are formed of copies of themselves at different scales. They are self-similar and very irregular curves.
Un fractal est notamment composé de répliques réduites, du motif de référence.  A fractal is composed in particular of reduced replicas, of the reference pattern.
Un fractal est généré par itération d'étapes de réduction du motif de référence puis application du motif obtenu au motif de référence.  A fractal is generated by iteration of steps of reduction of the reference pattern then application of the pattern obtained to the reference pattern.
Les ordres supérieurs sont obtenus en appliquant au milieu de chaque segment du motif de référence ce même motif de référence réduit, et ainsi de suite.  The higher orders are obtained by applying to the middle of each segment of the reference pattern this same reduced reference pattern, and so on.
Le motif de référence peut être simple ou alterné par rapport à un axe directeur du motif.  The reference pattern may be simple or alternating with respect to a direction axis of the pattern.
Le choix du motif à proprement parler est guidé par les performances en rayonnement de l'antenne.  The choice of the pattern itself is guided by the radiation performance of the antenna.
Pour la génération du fractal du type Von Koch on peut se référer à http://www.mathcurve.com/fractals/koch/koch.shtml.  For the generation of the Von Koch fractal one can refer to http://www.mathcurve.com/fractals/koch/koch.shtml.
Pour diminuer la hauteur de l'antenne tout en gardant la même fréquence de fonctionnement (résonance) chaque segment rectiligne du motif fractal est remplacé par un segment sinusoïdal. Un tel remplacement permet d'augmenter la longueur déployée du brin rayonnant pour une hauteur donnée ou de réduire la hauteur de l'antenne pour une longueur déployée donnée. To reduce the height of the antenna while keeping the same operating frequency (resonance) each rectilinear segment of the fractal pattern is replaced by a sinusoidal segment. Such a replacement makes it possible to increase the deployed length of the radiating strand for a given height or to reduce the height of the antenna for a given deployed length.
La fréquence de résonance de l'antenne est fixée par la longueur déployée des brins rayonnants. Cette longueur déployée est fonction des paramètres de l'hélice (hauteur, rayon et nombre de tours) et de la géométrie du motif utilisé.  The resonance frequency of the antenna is fixed by the extended length of the radiating strands. This extended length is a function of the propeller parameters (height, radius and number of revolutions) and the geometry of the pattern used.
La figure 3b illustre un motif de référence utilisé pour les brins de l'antenne hélice, chaque segment 30', 31 ', 32', 33' du motif fractal est constitué par un segment sinusoïdal.  FIG. 3b illustrates a reference pattern used for the strands of the helix antenna, each segment 30 ', 31', 32 ', 33' of the fractal pattern is constituted by a sinusoidal segment.
Dans le cas de la figure 3a on a un motif fractal de type Von Koch de premier ordre composé de quatre segments rectilignes de longueur identique (L73, L' étant la longueur 'horizontale' du motif. Dans le cas de la figure 3b chaque segment de longueur L73 du motif Von Koch (celui de la figure 3a) est remplacé par un segment sinusoïdal (soit une demi-période de sinusoïde).  In the case of FIG. 3a, there is a first-order Von Koch fractal pattern composed of four rectilinear segments of identical length (L 73, L 'being the' horizontal 'length of the pattern.) In the case of FIG. of length L73 of the Von Koch pattern (that of FIG. 3a) is replaced by a sinusoidal segment (ie a half-period of sinusoid).
Tous les segments du motif ont la même longueur.  All segments of the pattern have the same length.
Un motif fractal est défini par trois paramètres : A fractal pattern is defined by three parameters:
- la taille de chaque répétition du motif de référence (ordre 1 du motif fractal) ;  the size of each repetition of the reference pattern (order 1 of the fractal pattern);
- le nombre de répétition que l'on appelle nombre de cellules ;  the number of repetitions known as the number of cells;
- l'itération du fractal que l'on appelle ordre du fractal.  - The iteration of the fractal called the order of the fractal.
- En outre, un brin de l'antenne est défini par les paramètres suivants : - In addition, one strand of the antenna is defined by the following parameters:
- longueur déployée ; - length deployed;
- l'angle a correspondant à l'angle d'enroulement en hélice du brin rayonnant ;  the angle α corresponding to the helical winding angle of the radiating strand;
- longueur de la cellule L ;  - length of the cell L;
La sinusoïde qui module le profil fractal peut être en particulier définie par la fonctionnelle suivante y = S.k.L'.sm(^.x \ où : S est un entier à valeur dans {- 1; + l} , constant sur un segment, k est le rapport entre l'amplitude de la sinusoïde et sa demi-longueur d'onde (demi-période) Ainsi, comme on le comprend, la sinusoïde modulant le motif fractal est définie sur une période. The sinusoid that modulates the fractal profile can be defined in particular by the following functional y = SkL'.sm (^. X \ where: S is a value integer in {- 1; + l}, constant on a segment, k is the ratio between the amplitude of the sinusoid and its half-wavelength (half-period) Thus, as we understand it, the sinusoid modulating the fractal pattern is defined on a period.
Sur la figure 3b le motif est tel que S = +1 tandis que sur la figure 3c le motif est tel que S = -1 .  In Figure 3b the pattern is such that S = +1 while in Figure 3c the pattern is such that S = -1.
Ainsi ce motif de référence est constitué par une succession d'arcs de sinusoïde alternés constituant un motif fractal.  Thus this reference pattern is constituted by a succession of alternating sinusoid arcs constituting a fractal pattern.
La fonction peut être définie segment par segment ou en adoptant une coordonnée curviligne le long du motif,  The function can be defined segment by segment or by adopting a curvilinear coordinate along the pattern,
Dans le case de la figure 3b, la fonctionnelle ci-dessus définie a été appliquée par tranches de deux segments (segments 30, 31 d'une part et segments 32, 33 d'autre part).  In the box of FIG. 3b, the functional unit defined above has been applied in segments of two segments (segments 30, 31 on the one hand and segments 32, 33 on the other hand).
Dans le cas de la figure 3a les segments centraux font un angle de 60°. Pour obtenir le motif de la figure 3b on applique d'abord la fonctionnelle à deux segments rectilignes et on les oriente de 60°. On illustre sur les figures 9a, 9b et 9c un motif pour différentes valeurs de k pour S=+1 .  In the case of Figure 3a the central segments are at an angle of 60 °. To obtain the pattern of FIG. 3b, the functional is first applied to two rectilinear segments and is oriented by 60 °. FIGS. 9a, 9b and 9c show a pattern for different values of k for S = + 1.
Le paramètre k permet d'augmenter la longueur déployée pour chaque segment correspondant du fractal Von Koch : au lieu d'avoir un court segment rectiligne on a un segment sinusoïdal de longueur déployée plus grande. Plus l'amplitude de la sinusoïde est large plus la longueur déployée est grande. Il faut néanmoins veiller à éviter les chevauchements de brins rayonnants lorsque k prend des valeurs de trop fortes.  The parameter k makes it possible to increase the length deployed for each corresponding segment of the fractal Von Koch: instead of having a short rectilinear segment, there is a sinusoidal segment of greater length. The larger the amplitude of the sinusoid, the larger the length deployed. However, care must be taken to avoid overlapping radiating strands when k takes too high values.
On peut envisager également d'autres types de motif fractals dans lesquels chaque segment est remplacé par une courbe sinusoïdale.  Other types of fractal patterns in which each segment is replaced by a sinusoidal curve can also be envisaged.
Les figures 4a, 5a, 6a, 7a et 8a illustrent un motif de référence (fractal d'ordre 1 ) dont les segments sont rectilignes.  FIGS. 4a, 5a, 6a, 7a and 8a illustrate a reference pattern (fractal of order 1) whose segments are rectilinear.
Sur la figure 4a le motif de référence est un triangle dans lequel la base est supprimée.  In Figure 4a the reference pattern is a triangle in which the base is deleted.
Sur la figure 5a le motif de référence est un carré dans lequel la base est supprimée. Sur la figure 6a le motif de référence comprend deux trapèzes isocèles en opposition et espacés de la largeur de la petite base, dans lesquels la grande base a été supprimée. L'angle Θ entre un côté s'étendant de la petite base vers la grande base. In Figure 5a the reference pattern is a square in which the base is deleted. In Figure 6a the reference pattern comprises two isosceles trapezes in opposition and spaced from the width of the small base, in which the large base has been removed. The angle Θ between one side extending from the small base to the large base.
Sur la figure 7a le motif de référence comprend deux triangles équilatéraux en opposition et espacés de la largeur d'un côté, dans lesquels la base a été supprimée  In Fig. 7a the reference pattern comprises two equilateral triangles in opposition and spaced apart from the width of one side, in which the base has been removed.
Les figures 4b, 5b et 6b, 7b et 8b illustrent respectivement l'ordre 2 d'un motif fractal suite à une itération des motifs de référence des figures 4a, 5a, 6a, 7a, 8a, respectivement.  Figures 4b, 5b and 6b, 7b and 8b respectively illustrate the order 2 of a fractal pattern following an iteration of the reference patterns of Figures 4a, 5a, 6a, 7a, 8a, respectively.
Les figures 4c, 5c, 6c illustrent respectivement l'ordre 3 d'un motif fractal suite à deux itérations des motifs de référence des figures 4a, 5a, 6a.  FIGS. 4c, 5c, 6c respectively illustrate the order 3 of a fractal pattern following two iterations of the reference patterns of FIGS. 4a, 5a, 6a.
Dans le cas de certains motifs notamment ceux du type représentés aux figures 4a, 6a et 7a des croisements entre lignes d'une même cellule sont possibles.  In the case of certain patterns including those of the type shown in Figures 4a, 6a and 7a crosses between lines of the same cell are possible.
Pour éviter de tels croisements on peut jouer sur l'angle β (voir les figures 4a, 6a et 7a).  To avoid such crossings we can play on the angle β (see Figures 4a, 6a and 7a).
L'angle β est l'angle entre le premier segment incliné et la base supprimée.  The angle β is the angle between the first inclined segment and the deleted base.
L'ajustement de cet angle β permet de réduire la longueur des brins. The adjustment of this angle β reduces the length of the strands.
Dans le cas d'un motif de type Von Koch on a à l'ordre 1 , un rapport entre la longueur déployée et la longueur du motif à l'ordre 1 de 4/3. A l'ordre 3 ce rapport est de (4/3)3 ce qui est faible. In the case of a Von Koch type pattern, there is a ratio between the deployed length and the length of the pattern at the order 1 of 4/3. At order 3 this ratio is (4/3) 3 which is low.
Pour obtenir une réduction plus importante on peut jouer sur l'angle β. Le triangle équilatéral du motif Von Koch devient alors isocèle au lieu d'être équilatéral et les deux segments de triangle deviennent plus longs que ceux du triangle équilatéral initial (à longueur L' constante). Leur longueur est de L7(6.cos β) et le rapport de la longueur déployée sur la longueur L' est donné par To obtain a larger reduction one can play on the angle β. The equilateral triangle of the Von Koch pattern then becomes isosceles instead of being equilateral and the two triangle segments become longer than those of the initial equilateral triangle (to length The constant). Their length is L7 (6.cos β) and the ratio of the extended length length L 'is given by
n étant l'ordre de la courbe fractale. De cette façon, on peut déployer une longueur de brin dans une même longueur. On appelle ce motif de référence un motif « Von Koch modifié ». n being the order of the fractal curve. In this way, one can extend a strand length in the same length. This reference pattern is called a "Von Koch Modified" pattern.
Comme précédemment chaque segment constituant les motifs fractals ci- dessus décrits est constitué par une courbe sinusoïdale. Pour des raisons de lisibilité, ces motifs ne sont pas représentés mais au vue de la description ci-dessus, l'homme du métier comprend comment aboutir à l'antenne hélice dont les brins rayonnants sont constitués par un motif fractal dont les segments sont constitués par un segment sinusoïdal.  As before, each segment constituting the fractal patterns described above is constituted by a sinusoidal curve. For reasons of readability, these patterns are not shown but in view of the description above, the skilled person understands how to achieve the helix antenna whose radiating strands are constituted by a fractal pattern whose segments are constituted by a sinusoidal segment.
Exemple de réalisation et performances Example of realization and performances
Une antenne de type hélice comprenant un fractal du type Von Koch dont les segments ont été remplacés par des segments sinusoïdaux a été réalisée et testée. La figure 10 illustre une réalisation d'une telle antenne.  A helix type antenna comprising a Von Koch type fractal whose segments have been replaced by sinusoidal segments has been realized and tested. Figure 10 illustrates an embodiment of such an antenna.
En particulier, les performances d'une telle antenne ont été mesurées et comparées à une antenne (de référence) de type hélice quadrifilaire comprenant des brins rectilignes l'antenne ayant une hauteur de 514 mm.  In particular, the performance of such an antenna was measured and compared to a quadrifilar helix (reference) antenna comprising rectilinear strands, the antenna having a height of 514 mm.
Le tableau ci-dessous répertorie les différents paramètres utilisés pour les brins rayonnants. Le fractal de base est un motif de Von Koch. The table below lists the different parameters used for the radiating strands. The basic fractal is a motif of Von Koch.
On constate une réduction de la hauteur de l'antenne. Dans le tableau ci- dessus la taille relative (%) est calculée comme rapport entre la hauteur de l'antenne compacte et la hauteur de l'antenne de référence (514 mm).  There is a reduction in the height of the antenna. In the table above the relative size (%) is calculated as the ratio between the height of the compact antenna and the height of the reference antenna (514 mm).
En outre, on constate que les meilleures performances sont obtenues avec l'antenne basée sur le motif de Von Koch avec segments sinusoïdaux d'ordre 2 et avec deux cellules. Cette antenne présente le même diagramme à 137MHz et à sa fréquence de résonance (144MHz). En outre, sa hauteur est de 198 mm (taille relative de 38.5%), soit une réduction de 61 ,5% de la hauteur de l'antenne de référence.  In addition, it is found that the best performances are obtained with the antenna based on the Von Koch pattern with sinusoidal segments of order 2 and with two cells. This antenna has the same 137MHz pattern and resonance frequency (144MHz). In addition, its height is 198 mm (relative size 38.5%), a reduction of 61.5% of the height of the reference antenna.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1 . Antenne de type hélice comprenant une forme de révolution et une pluralité de brins rayonnants enroulés en hélice autour de la forme de révolution, caractérisée en ce que chaque brin rayonnant est défini par une répétition d'un motif fractal comportant des segments constitués par une courbe sinusoïdale. 1. Antenna of the helical type comprising a form of revolution and a plurality of radiating strands helically wound around the form of revolution, characterized in that each radiating strand is defined by a repetition of a fractal pattern comprising segments constituted by a sinusoidal curve .
2. Antenne de type hélice selon la revendication 1 dans laquelle chaque segment rrespond à une demi-période d'une courbe sinusoïdale définie par ( ) = où : S est un entier à valeur dans {- l; + l} , 2. A helix-type antenna according to claim 1 wherein each segment corresponds to a half-period of a sinusoidal curve defined by () = where: S is a value integer in {- 1; + l},
k est le rapport entre l'amplitude de la sinusoïde et sa demi-longueur d'onde, L' est la longueur horizontale du motif. k is the ratio between the amplitude of the sinusoid and its half-wavelength, L 'is the horizontal length of the pattern.
3. Antenne de type hélice selon l'une des revendications 1 à 2 dans laquelle chaque segment du motif fractal à une longueur identique. 3. Antenna type helix according to one of claims 1 to 2 wherein each segment of the fractal pattern to an identical length.
4. Antenne de type hélice selon l'une des revendications précédentes dans laquelle le fractal est du type Von Koch dont chaque ligne droite est remplacée par un segment sinusoïdal . 4. Antenna propeller type according to one of the preceding claims wherein the fractal is Von Koch type which each straight line is replaced by a sinusoidal segment.
5. Antenne selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle les brins rayonnants sont chacun constitués par une zone métallisée déterminée, enroulée en hélice sur la surface latérale d'un manchon (15), tel que l'axe directeur (ΑΑ', ΒΒ', CC, DD') de chaque brin est distant de l'axe du brin suivant d'une distance (d) déterminée, définie selon toute perpendiculaire à toute ligne directrice (L) du manchon (15) comme la distance entre deux points, chacun défini par une intersection entre l'axe d'un brin et une perpendiculaire à toute ligne directrice (L) du manchon (15). 5. Antenna according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the radiating strands are each constituted by a specific metallized zone, wound helically on the lateral surface of a sleeve (15), such that the director axis (ΑΑ ', ΒΒ ', CC, DD') of each strand is spaced from the axis of the next strand by a determined distance (d) defined along any perpendicular to any guideline (L) of the sleeve (15) as the distance between two points, each defined by an intersection between the axis of a strand and a perpendicular to any guideline (L) of the sleeve (15).
6. Antenne selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que la forme de révolution (15) est cylindrique ou conique. 6. Antenna according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the form of revolution (15) is cylindrical or conical.
7. Antenne selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que l'antenne comprend quatre brins rayonnants identiques. 7. Antenna according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the antenna comprises four identical radiating strands.
EP13713401.1A 2012-03-21 2013-03-21 Compact helical antenna with a sinusoidal profile modulating a fractal pattern Active EP2828931B1 (en)

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FR1252547A FR2988524B1 (en) 2012-03-21 2012-03-21 COMPACT SINE PROPELLER ANTENNA WITH SINUSOIDAL PROFILE MODULATING A FRACTAL PATTERN
PCT/EP2013/055979 WO2013139935A1 (en) 2012-03-21 2013-03-21 Compact helical antenna with a sinusoidal profile modulating a fractal pattern

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GB0204014D0 (en) * 2002-02-20 2002-04-03 Univ Surrey Improvements relating to multifilar helix antennas
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