EP2827352B1 - Disjoncteur et procédé de fabrication d'un tel disjoncteur - Google Patents

Disjoncteur et procédé de fabrication d'un tel disjoncteur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2827352B1
EP2827352B1 EP14177195.6A EP14177195A EP2827352B1 EP 2827352 B1 EP2827352 B1 EP 2827352B1 EP 14177195 A EP14177195 A EP 14177195A EP 2827352 B1 EP2827352 B1 EP 2827352B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
circuit breaker
contact
plane
movable contact
free end
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP14177195.6A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2827352A1 (fr
Inventor
Jean-Luc Ponthenier
Marc Rival
Guy Gastaldin
Alain Fayolle
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Schneider Electric Industries SAS
Original Assignee
Schneider Electric Industries SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Schneider Electric Industries SAS filed Critical Schneider Electric Industries SAS
Publication of EP2827352A1 publication Critical patent/EP2827352A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2827352B1 publication Critical patent/EP2827352B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/12—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage
    • H01H1/14—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage by abutting
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H11/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches
    • H01H11/04—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches of switch contacts
    • H01H11/041—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches of switch contacts by bonding of a contact marking face to a contact body portion
    • H01H11/042—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches of switch contacts by bonding of a contact marking face to a contact body portion by mechanical deformation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/02—Contacts characterised by the material thereof
    • H01H1/021—Composite material
    • H01H1/023—Composite material having a noble metal as the basic material
    • H01H1/0237—Composite material having a noble metal as the basic material and containing oxides
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H11/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches
    • H01H11/04—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches of switch contacts
    • H01H11/041—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches of switch contacts by bonding of a contact marking face to a contact body portion
    • H01H11/043—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches of switch contacts by bonding of a contact marking face to a contact body portion by resistance welding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H11/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches
    • H01H11/04—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches of switch contacts
    • H01H11/048—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches of switch contacts by powder-metallurgical processes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/02—Contacts characterised by the material thereof
    • H01H1/0203—Contacts characterised by the material thereof specially adapted for vacuum switches
    • H01H2001/0205—Conditioning of the contact material through arcing during manufacturing, e.g. vacuum-depositing of layer on contact surface

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a circuit breaker and a method of manufacturing a moving contact included in such a circuit breaker.
  • Such a circuit breaker comprises a fixed electrical contact and a movable electrical contact having two stable positions: a closed position, where it is electrically connected to the fixed contact, and an open position, where it is electrically isolated from the fixed contact.
  • the fixed contact is connected to a first connection terminal and the movable contact is connected to a second connection terminal, the circuit breaker being capable of opening the electrical connection between the two connection terminals, for example in the event of detection of a fault .
  • a persistent challenge is therefore to increase the longevity of the electrical contacts used in a circuit breaker.
  • it is known to modify the structure of the surface or bearing zone of the electrical contacts of the circuit breaker, knowing that the circuit breakers considered operate according to two regimes called respectively breaking operation and electrical endurance operation.
  • breaking operation the circuit breaker is intended to interrupt, in the event of the appearance of an electrical fault, a current of the order of several kilo-amperes (kA), while during electrical endurance operation the circuit breaker is intended to interrupt currents of less than 1kA, more precisely of the order of 0 to 100 amperes (A).
  • a movable electrical contact of a circuit breaker which comprises a central body made of a first material and comprising a contact pad made of composite material, on a side face generally perpendicular to a support plane with a fixed contact.
  • the layout of the contact pad as described in this patent does not simultaneously promote excellent performance in breaking, by switching an electric arc formed between the fixed and moving contacts, and in electrical endurance.
  • the choice of a refractory material for the composite pad allows good performance in erosion of the moving contact, during operation in electrical endurance, but does not promote the generation of metal vapors necessary for good switching of the bow electrical, during breaking operation, while the choice of a low refractory material promotes arc switching in breaking but does not allow minimum erosion in electrical endurance.
  • FR-A1-2 633 855 an electrical contact capable of being integrated into a circuit breaker.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to propose a circuit breaker allowing optimal operation in breaking, while having an increased operating life in terms of electrical endurance.
  • the subject of the invention is a circuit breaker according to claim 1.
  • the circuit breaker further comprises one or more of the optional features of claims 2 to 8.
  • the invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a circuit breaker according to claim 9.
  • the manufacturing method further comprises one or more of the optional features of claims 10 to 12.
  • the ability to break a high value short-circuit current is increased simultaneously with the number of opening/closing cycles at nominal current, during which the circuit breaker and the contacts operate in a stable manner, and this without a significant increase in contact resistance.
  • the positioning of the second part relative to the first part allows rapid switching of an electric arc, generated when the moving contact is opened, towards the interrupting chamber. This leads to an increase in the longevity of the moving contact, in breaking operation.
  • the second part which is intended to bear against the fixed contact when the moving contact is in the closed position, is made of a second material, distinct from the first material of the first part, forming the body of the moving contact, and allows to increase the resistance to erosion of the moving contact in electrical endurance.
  • a circuit breaker 10 comprises an electrical contact 12 movable with respect to a fixed electrical contact 14, as well as a tripping device 16 to which the movable contact 12 is connected.
  • the circuit breaker 10 also comprises a rod 18 around which is wound a coil 20 electrically connected to an arcing horn 22, on which the fixed contact 14 is positioned.
  • the circuit breaker 10 comprises an interrupting chamber 24, a switching horn 26 and a magnetic carcass 28 positioned close to the coil 20, the interrupting chamber 24 being arranged between the switching horn 26 and the magnetic carcass 28.
  • the movable contact 12 is in the closed position and is then electrically connected to the fixed contact 14.
  • the circuit breaker 10 comprises a first terminal E and a second terminal S for connecting an electrical circuit, not shown, intended to be connected by the circuit breaker 10.
  • a current I flows between the two terminals E and S passing through the fixed 14 and movable 12 contacts and through the coil 20.
  • the electrical connection between the connection terminals E, S is closed, in the closed position of the contact mobile 12.
  • the figure 2 presents the circuit breaker 10 when a fault current appears, involving the opening of the movable contact 12 with respect to the fixed contact 14 and the appearance of an electric arc A between the movable contact 12 and the fixed contact 14 Terminals E and S are, in this configuration, connected only by the electric arc A. This situation is transient, the interrupting chamber 24 being able to eliminate the electric arc A.
  • the circuit breaker 10 is capable of operating under two regimes, respectively called breaking operation and electrical endurance operation.
  • breaking operation the fault current which must be interrupted is of the order of several kilo-amperes, while during electrical endurance operation, the current which must be interrupted is less than 1 kA, for example order from 0 to 100 A.
  • rod 18 strikes tripping device 16, which is connected to a movable contact carrier, not shown, and causes the contact carrier to move. mobile which leads to the opening of the mobile contact 12 with respect to the fixed contact 14.
  • the picture 2 corresponds both to electrical endurance operation and to cut-off operation.
  • the figures 3 and 4 present the evolution of the displacement of arc A in the case of breaking operation.
  • the electric arc moves following the opening of the movable contact 12 in the direction of the switching horn 26 and along the arcing horn 22, as presented in picture 3 .
  • the arc is comprised between the moving contact 12 and the arcing horn 22 and moves until the switching of the electric arc A from the moving contact 12 to the switching horn 26.
  • the electric arc A is present between the arcing horn 22 and the switching horn 26, then comes to lodge in the arcing chamber 24, suitable for attenuating it, as visible at figure 4 .
  • the moving contact 12 is in the closed position and bearing against the fixed contact 14.
  • the moving contact 12 comprises a first part 33 and a second part 34, the second part 34 being arranged in an orifice 35 arranged in the first part 33.
  • the orifice 35 is blind and formed in the first part 33 at the level of a zone intended to be in contact with the fixed contact 14, when the movable contact is in the closed position.
  • the first part 33 is made of a first conductive material, the first material comprising for example copper or any other electrically conductive material.
  • the first part 33 surrounds the entire periphery of the second part 34, along a plane P parallel to a support plane X'Y' of the fixed 14 and mobile 12 contacts.
  • X a longitudinal axis of the movable contact 12 and Z an axis perpendicular to the support plane X'Y'.
  • the support plane X'Y' is for example substantially longitudinal and the axis Z is then a vertical axis.
  • the first material is suitable, for fault currents greater than 1 kA, to undergo vaporization in order to allow, as presented previously, the switching of the electric arc A of the movable contact 12, towards the interrupting chamber 24, during short-circuit breaking operation.
  • the first part 33 is covered with a silver coating 37 on its outer periphery, the thickness of which, measured along the Z axis, is between 2 and 40 micrometers.
  • the second part 34 is made of a second conductive material distinct from the first material. It comprises a free end 38 projecting from the first part 33 along the Z axis and an inner end 39 located opposite the free end 38 along the direction of the Z axis.
  • the second part 34 comprises a body 40 extending, along the Z axis, between the inner end 39 and the free end 38.
  • the second part 34 is generally perpendicular to the support plane X'Y' of the fixed 14 and mobile 12 contacts.
  • second part 34 is for example in the shape of a cylinder, or in other words in the shape of a wire.
  • the orifice 35 opens, towards the outside of the movable contact 12, at the level of a bearing surface 41 of the movable contact 12 against the fixed contact 14 in the closed position of the movable contact.
  • the second part 34 is surrounded over its entire periphery with the first material constituting the first part 33 along the plane P parallel to the support plane X'Y'.
  • the second material making up the second part 34 is a composite comprising a refractory element, preferably a metal oxide, for example, a silver-based pseudo alloy capable of being put into wire form and preferably a alloy of zinc and silver, such as an alloy of silver and zinc oxide, denoted Ag-ZnO, or more preferably an alloy of silver and zinc oxide comprising 8% zinc and 92% silver, denoted Ag-ZnO/92-8.
  • a refractory element preferably a metal oxide, for example, a silver-based pseudo alloy capable of being put into wire form and preferably a alloy of zinc and silver, such as an alloy of silver and zinc oxide, denoted Ag-ZnO, or more preferably an alloy of silver and zinc oxide comprising 8% zinc and 92% silver, denoted Ag-ZnO/92-8.
  • This second material is resistant to erosion with respect to the electric arc A, particularly in the case of operation in electrical endurance.
  • the second material is more resistant to erosion than the first material.
  • the height H 34 of the second part 34 is between 1 mm and 5 mm, preferably between 1 mm and 3 mm.
  • the diameter D 40 of the central body 40 measured parallel to the support plane X'Y' is between 0.8 mm and 1.4 mm, preferably between 1 mm and 1.2 mm.
  • the free end 38 protrudes relative to the first part 33 by a height H 38 , measured along the Z axis, and by a value between 0.05 mm and 0.3 mm.
  • the free end 38 is generally in the shape of a spherical or cylindrical cap, as seen in figure 7 , with a diameter D 38 between 0.8 mm and 1.4 mm parallel to the support plane X'Y'.
  • the second part 34 is slightly flared over its height.
  • the second part 34 comprises on a first portion H 341 , of its height H 34 , a decreasing diameter then on a second portion H 342 , of its height H 34 , an increasing diameter.
  • the second portion H 342 is farther from the support surface 41 than the first portion H 341 .
  • the second part 34 has, parallel to the support plane X'Y', a minimum diameter for a plane P" passing through an intermediate point 42 strictly between the free 38 and inner 39 ends.
  • Flaring of the second part 34 promotes the attachment of the second part 34 with the first part 33, which surrounds it.
  • the width W33 of the first part 33 measured perpendicular to the longitudinal axis X and parallel to the support plane X'Y', is between 1.6 mm and 3 mm.
  • the second part 34 is resistant to the electric arc during electrical endurance operation and erodes moderately, but sufficiently, so that the first part 33 composed of the first material remains flush with the second part 34, during opening/closing cycles of the movable contact 12.
  • the second material makes it possible to avoid, during the opening/closing cycles at the level of the bearing surface 41, the formation of oxide, without however promoting welding of the moving contact 12 with fixed contact 14.
  • the height H 34 of the second part 34 is between 1mm and 5mm allows good attachment of the second part 34 with the first part 33.
  • the mixed composition of the movable contact 12, at the level of the support plane X'Y' makes it possible to have, on the one hand, a support surface 41 resistant to erosion due to the presence of the second material, and on the other hand, good switching of the electric arc A, in breaking operation, thanks to the presence of the first material making up the first part 33.
  • the second metal oxide material makes it possible to ensure strong resistance to erosion during operation in electrical endurance, while ensuring good stability of the contact resistance between the movable contact 12 and the fixed contact 14.
  • the first material comprising for example copper, makes it possible to ensure the switching of the electric arc in the interrupting chamber as explained above, and this despite the presence of the second part 34.
  • the electric arc A sometimes tends to remain on the fixed contact 14 and mobile 12, but the vaporization of the first m material which makes up the first part 33, promotes the switching of the electric arc A in the interrupting chamber 24 intended to attenuate the electric arc A.
  • the speed of the switching of the electric arc A is linked to the ionization of the medium at the level of the bearing surface 41, when the arc A appears, knowing that this ionization is obtained by vaporization of the first part 33.
  • This rapid switching is important for two reasons: one is to limit the erosion of the moving contact 12 and the second part 34, and the other is to limit the electrical energy in the chamber cutoff 24.
  • the method of manufacturing the circuit breaker 10 and more particularly the moving contact 12 comprises various steps.
  • the first step 120 consists in drilling the orifice 35 in the first part 33, in a direction substantially perpendicular to the support plane X'Y' of the fixed 14 and mobile 12 contacts.
  • the orifice 35 pierced is non-opening and provided in the first part 33 at an area intended to be in contact with the fixed contact 14, when the movable contact 12 is in the closed position.
  • the orifice 35 is, for example, pierced so that no tear appears on the edges of the orifice 35.
  • a second step 130 consists in preparing the second part 34 composed of the second material. Indeed, given that the orifice 35, pierced during step 120, has a diameter of between 0.8 mm and 1.4 mm, preferably between 1 mm and 1.2 mm, the dimensions of the orifice 35 does not allow the second part 34 to be sintered directly in the orifice 35.
  • the second part 34 must therefore be prepared, that is to say sintered, spun or extruded before insertion.
  • the second part 34 is cut to the desired length before being inserted into the orifice 35 and its height, measured perpendicular to its circular section, is, at this moment, preferably between 1 mm and 5 mm, more preferably between 1 mm and 4 mm, preferably equal to 2 mm.
  • the height of the second part 34, measured perpendicular to the support plane X'Y' when the second part 34 is positioned in the first part 33, is chosen to be greater than the height of the orifice 35, measured perpendicular to the plane of support X'Y', of less than 0.6 mm, so that the free end 38 protrudes from the first part 33 at the end of the manufacture of the movable contact 12.
  • the diameter of the second part 34 is smaller than the diameter of the orifice 35 so that the second part 34 is inserted into the orifice 35.
  • the second part 34 is in the form of a cylinder with a circular base, with a ratio of the height of the second part 34, on the diameter, measured parallel to its circular section, of the second part 34, greater than 1, preferably greater than 2.
  • the second part 34 is positioned in the orifice 35, and protrudes in height, along the Z axis, from the orifice 35.
  • a fourth step 150 following step 140, the second part 34 is assembled to the first part 33, and a shaped electrode, fixed on a welder-type machine, inserts the second part 34 at the bottom of the orifice 35. More specifically, the fourth step 150 consists of forming in a welder under current, with application of a pressure of 20 to 80 kg/mm 2 by means of the shaped electrode, of the second part 34 with the first part 33. This electrode shapes the second part 34 so that it includes the first portion H 341 and the second portion H 342 , that is to say so that it has a flared shape.
  • the electrode is positioned opposite and in contact with the second part 34, in order to form the free end 38 in the form of a spherical or cylindrical cap, insert the second part 34 at the bottom of the orifice 35 and inflate the second part 34 at the level of the inner end 29 in order to have a flare of the second part 34 in the orifice 35.
  • the rise in temperature is less than 200° C., in order to do not change the mechanical properties of the materials. So the maximum temperature reached by the first part 33 is less than 200°C.
  • a duration of the passage of the current through the second material 34 is preferably between 0.1 s and 0.5 s. Raising the temperature to less than 200° C.
  • the temperature is maintained below 200° C. thanks to the control of the cooling of the movable contact 12 and of the crossing it.
  • the free end 38 is formed so as to protrude with respect to the first part by a height comprised between 0.05 mm and 0.3 mm, and to be in the shape of a spherical or cylindrical cap.
  • the movable contact 12, following step 150, comprises a second part 34 and a first part 33 whose dimensions are similar to those presented above with regard to the figures 5 to 7 .
  • the movable contact 12 thus manufactured comprises the second part 34 which is strongly attached to the first part 33 and surrounded by the first part 33, so that the movable contact 12 has an optimal behavior when the circuit breaker operates both in electrical endurance, that 'in cut.
  • the longevity of the circuit breaker 10 comprising the movable contact 12 is increased compared to existing circuit breakers.
  • the first part 33 is, prior to the drilling step 120, covered with a layer of silver Ag to a thickness of 2 to 40 micrometers.
  • the second part 34 is not positioned perpendicular to the support plane X'Y', and during the drilling step 120 the orifice is drilled in a direction not perpendicular to the support plane X'Y '.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Contacts (AREA)
  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
EP14177195.6A 2013-07-18 2014-07-16 Disjoncteur et procédé de fabrication d'un tel disjoncteur Active EP2827352B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1357088A FR3008824B1 (fr) 2013-07-18 2013-07-18 Disjoncteur et procede de fabrication d'un contact mobile d'un tel disjoncteur

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2827352A1 EP2827352A1 (fr) 2015-01-21
EP2827352B1 true EP2827352B1 (fr) 2022-02-16

Family

ID=49322603

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP14177195.6A Active EP2827352B1 (fr) 2013-07-18 2014-07-16 Disjoncteur et procédé de fabrication d'un tel disjoncteur

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2827352B1 (es)
ES (1) ES2908603T3 (es)
FR (1) FR3008824B1 (es)

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2733352A1 (fr) * 1995-04-24 1996-10-25 Schneider Electric Sa Pole pour appareil limiteur de courant

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2919851A1 (de) * 1978-05-17 1979-11-22 Johnson Matthey Co Ltd Elektrischer kontakt und insbesondere verfahren zu seiner herstellung
FR2633855B1 (fr) * 1988-07-06 1994-05-06 Merlin Et Gerin Procede de fabrication d'une piece composite et contact electrique a pastille de contact fabrique selon ce procede
US5140114A (en) * 1988-10-03 1992-08-18 Fuji Electric Co., Ltd. Electric contact with base metal
FR2890487B1 (fr) 2005-09-05 2008-02-08 Schneider Electric Ind Sas Procede de fabrication d'un contact electrique, contact electrique fabrique selon ce procede et appareil electrique comportant un tel contact

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2733352A1 (fr) * 1995-04-24 1996-10-25 Schneider Electric Sa Pole pour appareil limiteur de courant

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2827352A1 (fr) 2015-01-21
ES2908603T3 (es) 2022-05-03
FR3008824A1 (fr) 2015-01-23
FR3008824B1 (fr) 2015-09-18

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