EP2825699B1 - Fibrous composition - Google Patents

Fibrous composition Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2825699B1
EP2825699B1 EP13714563.7A EP13714563A EP2825699B1 EP 2825699 B1 EP2825699 B1 EP 2825699B1 EP 13714563 A EP13714563 A EP 13714563A EP 2825699 B1 EP2825699 B1 EP 2825699B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
grass
algae
pulp
seagrass
sedge
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EP13714563.7A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2825699A1 (en
Inventor
Uwe D'agnone
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority claimed from DE201220002588 external-priority patent/DE202012002588U1/en
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to RS20170230A priority Critical patent/RS55754B1/en
Priority to PL13714563T priority patent/PL2825699T3/en
Priority to SI201330543A priority patent/SI2825699T1/en
Publication of EP2825699A1 publication Critical patent/EP2825699A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2825699B1 publication Critical patent/EP2825699B1/en
Priority to HRP20170354TT priority patent/HRP20170354T1/en
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H11/00—Pulp or paper, comprising cellulose or lignocellulose fibres of natural origin only
    • D21H11/14—Secondary fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H11/00—Pulp or paper, comprising cellulose or lignocellulose fibres of natural origin only
    • D21H11/12—Pulp from non-woody plants or crops, e.g. cotton, flax, straw, bagasse
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H11/00—Pulp or paper, comprising cellulose or lignocellulose fibres of natural origin only
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21J—FIBREBOARD; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM CELLULOSIC FIBROUS SUSPENSIONS OR FROM PAPIER-MACHE
    • D21J1/00—Fibreboard

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a pulp composition, in particular for use in the production of paper, paperboard, cardboard, printing media, insulating or insulating material, fiberboard, filling material and a method for producing such a pulp mixture.
  • Pulp mixtures are known in the art.
  • wood-containing and wood-free fibers are used in the prior art, which are obtained essentially from tree-like plants.
  • the corresponding plants such as tree trunks are crushed and processed either as wood pulp or as pulp, in which at least significant parts of the lignin contained in the wood are removed.
  • the corresponding fibrous materials are sometimes even adapted to the optical and mechanical requirements, for example by means of bleaching or grinding and then processed further.
  • a disadvantage of the known in the prior art pulp compositions and processes for the preparation of this is that the defibration of wood, wood logs or sawdust is very energy-consuming, in the production of pulp considerable process engineering effort, as well as significant amounts of chemical aids and water used Need to become.
  • the wood to be used for this purpose must be cultured for a relatively long period of time before it can be fed to the fiber preparation process. Furthermore, this relatively high transport costs are necessary.
  • the object is achieved by a pulp mixture according to claim 1 and the claimed method for producing this pulp mixture according to claim 8.
  • Preferred embodiments of the pulp composition and the method are the subject of the respective subclaims.
  • the object is also achieved by the use of the pulp for the production of products, as they are determined with claim 16.
  • the pulp mixture according to the invention comprises a predetermined proportion of virgin fibers and / or waste paper, which in addition to the excipients and water and a predetermined proportion of fresh and / or sour grass and / or seaweed and / or algae fibers has.
  • the proportion by weight of the fresh, sour, seagrass and / or algae fibers (individually or in combination) in the pulp mixture is between 1 and 100% by weight, based on the entire mass of the pulp and determined as the oven-dry pulp content.
  • oven-dry substance content For determining the oven-dry substance content, reference is made to the relevant standards for determining consistency, dry content and / or residual moisture content.
  • virgin fibers or waste paper are understood to be fibrous materials selected from the group consisting of long fiber pulp, short fiber pulp, chemically delignified pulps, sulphate pulp, sulphite pulp, soda or organocell pulps, cotton pulp, pulp, thermo mechanical pulp, groundwood, chemo Thermo Mechanical Pulp, waste paper, in particular of grades A - D: Lower varieties; E - J: medium varieties; K - U: better varieties; V - W: kraft grades and X: special grades, bleached pulps, combinations thereof, and the like. It should be noted that it is also within the meaning of the present invention that the aforementioned fibrous materials are or are pretreated mechanically and / or chemically.
  • the bleach can be either oxidative or reductive, or even in the combination of corresponding bleaching stages exist.
  • the fibrous materials may also be pretreated enzymatically, so as to reduce, for example, the grinding resistance of the pulp.
  • the pulp composition according to the invention also comprises a predetermined proportion of sweet and / or sour grass fibers.
  • grass fibers are preferably provided from dried, semi-dried or fresh grass, the grass preferably being selected from a group consisting of ear-grasses, bluegrasses and spikes grasses, as well as species of the genera Poaceae, and Cyperaceae, in particular grasses of the subfamilies Anomochlooideae, Pharoideae, Puelioideae, Bambusoideae Ehrhartoideae, Pooideae, such as, for example, Tribus Aveneae, Tribune Poeae, Tribe Triticeae, Aristidoideae, Danthonioideae, Arundinoideae, Chloridoideae, Centothecoideae, Panicoideae, such as Saccharum officinarum and Micrairoideae,
  • seagrass or algae can also be used as so-called grass fibers in addition to or in combination with the above sweet and / or sour grasses, which are selected from a group which includes, inter alia, genera seagrass (Zostera) and the species Zostera angustifolia (Hornem.) Rchb Zostera asiatica Miki, Zostera caespitosa Miki, Zostera capensis Setch., Zostera capricorni Ash., Zostera caulescens Miki, Zostera japonica Ash.
  • the fresh, sour, seagrass and / or algae fiber fraction (individually or in combination) of the pulp composition is mechanically processed before it is mixed with the other constituents.
  • the fresh, sour, seagrass and / or algae can be further processed directly after the cut without drying.
  • this direct processing it should be further noted that this is accompanied by a relatively strong green discoloration in the end product (grass paper), if no further precautions or process steps are taken.
  • the grass ie the fresh and / or sour and / or seagrass and / or algae fiber can also only be partially dried, with low residual moisture also accompanied by a reduced green discoloration in the end product.
  • the grass can be very heavily dried (dry content between 75 and 90%), whereby relatively low green colorations can be achieved in the final product.
  • the grass is washed prior to processing. This can be done in one or more stages, for which purpose preferably water is used whose temperature is between 10 ° C and 95 ° C. Good results are achieved with multiple washes ranging between one and six wash cycles.
  • the grass is provided by cutting and harvesting meadow grass, sports and / or working lawns, wherein especially in meadows the second or each further cut is particularly well suited, as this reduces the tendency to knot is.
  • the grass or grass fibers When cleaning the grass or grass fibers, it is also within the spirit of the present invention that prior to further processing, contaminants such as e.g. Earth, stones, plastic, etc. are removed. This can be dry-cleaned both by air classifiers (here, for example, the fibers are blown with air on a sieve, whereby heavy foreign matter and light foreign matter in this case due to their weight, a distance other than the fibers overcome and thus separated). Alternatively, in particular, the dry fibers can also be cleaned by centrifuges. In addition, the fibers can also be washed for cleaning, which can be done for example by washing out and wrestling in a filter. Through this cleaning step, the green discoloration can also be reduced in parallel.
  • air classifiers here, for example, the fibers are blown with air on a sieve, whereby heavy foreign matter and light foreign matter in this case due to their weight, a distance other than the fibers overcome and thus separated.
  • the dry fibers can also be cleaned by centrifuges.
  • This process can be done in Any state of fiber, whether fresh or dry. Due to the then lower resistance, the shredding of the dry fiber is the easiest.
  • the comminution is also possible during grinding, such as in the refiner and the corresponding setting of this unit.
  • Another possibility is a combination of cutting before grinding and grinding, for example, the fibers outside the refiner or Dutchman to a max. Pre-cut length of 50 mm and compressed, for example, to pellets. These pellets can then be suspended in water and, after swelling in the refiner or dutchman, further comminuted or ground. With this possibility results inter alia a shortening of the processing time in the refiner / dutchman and an associated energy saving.
  • adjuvants are in particular additives which are selected from the group consisting of retention agents, drainage aids, retention agent dual systems or microparticle systems, wet and dry strength promoters, fillers and / or pigments, in particular from a group of kaolin, talc , Calcium carbonate, calcium silicate, titanium dioxide, aluminum hydroxide, silicic acid, bentonite, barium sulfate, selected, binder components, coating components, antifoams, deaerators, biocide, enzymes, antioxidants, preservatives, bleaching aids, optical brighteners, dyes, shading dyes, impurities scavenger, precipitants, glue, resin, Fixatives, wetting agents, pH regulators, binders, such as starch, Carboxymethyl cellulose, casein, guar, soy proteins, cellulose ethers, vegetable proteins of other origin, synthetic binders in dispersion form and water-soluble form based on styrene-but
  • the proportion of the weight fraction of fresh, sour, seagrass and / or algae fibers is greater than 10%, in particular greater than 25% and particularly preferably greater than 50% / or the proportion of fresh fibers and / or waste paper is less than the proportion by weight of sweet, sour, seagrass and / or algae fibers in the pulp composition.
  • the object of the present invention is also achieved by a process for producing a pulp mixture, the process comprising the steps of harvesting the sweet, sour, seagrass and / or algae (singly or in combination), cutting the sweet, sour -, seaweed and / or algae fiber (individually or in combination) to a predetermined length, the suspension of the fresh, sour, seagrass and / or algae fibers (individually or in combination) in water and the addition of predetermined proportions of fresh fiber and / or waste paper and / or excipients.
  • a process for producing a pulp mixture comprising the steps of harvesting the sweet, sour, seagrass and / or algae (singly or in combination), cutting the sweet, sour -, seaweed and / or algae fiber (individually or in combination) to a predetermined length, the suspension of the fresh, sour, seagrass and / or algae fibers (individually or in combination) in water and the addition of predetermined proportions of fresh fiber and / or waste paper
  • the method according to the invention comprises, after mowing, the step of partially drying and / or pelleting, in which case the sweet, sour, seagrass and / or algae fibers (individually or in combination) preferably have a predetermined length prior to pelleting is shortened. Possibly. This can also be combined with the pelleting process or process.
  • the green grass fiber fraction is ground before the addition of virgin fibers and / or waste paper.
  • This can be historically through a dutchman or modern through take a refiner, which can be ground by cutting the adjustment of the corresponding treated pulp and / or fibrillating.
  • the fribrilizing refining has the advantage of not only changing the length of the pulp, but also significantly increasing the surface area of the pulp, thus increasing the ability to build up connections between the fibers and thus also improving the strength of the product produced.
  • pulp composition it is also within the meaning of the present invention that individual pulp components or the entire pulp composition is bleached, sorted, dispersed and / or homogenized and in particular when processing into paper, cardboard or paperboard is adjusted to a predetermined consistency.
  • this reduction should be carried out in such a way that the length of the grass is predominantly approx. 20 cm, in particular 10 cm and preferably between 100 mm and 0.1 mm, more preferably between 50 mm and 1 mm and in particular between 10 mm and 1 mm.
  • the object of the present invention is also achieved by the use of the above-described pulp composition for producing paper, paperboard, cardboard, printing substrates, insulating or insulating material, fiberboard, filling material, combinations thereof, and the like.
  • grass paper for example, conventional lawns, lawns (sports lawns, private households, towns and municipalities) - in the following only called grass - can be used. It can be used here a variety of grasses of the order "sweet grass” (Poales) or “sour grass” (Cyperaceae), wherein in the subfamily Cyperoidorae such. Zypergräser and papyrus may be subject to certain restrictions. For these grasses, additional peeling would be required for further processing. This might be (energy) consuming.
  • the grass When inserting the ordinary meadow grass can be processed easily on existing leaves on meadows. For better processing, storage and more efficient transport, the grass can be dried (hay) freed from foreign matter and crushed. A compression, such as pelleting can be useful here.
  • the grass is in a row without added additional processing in a mixing ratio of, for example, 10% in a stock suspension, or presented in water.
  • the other additives may be pulps of virgin fibers or else secondary fibers such as rags or waste paper. These additives can also be combined.
  • the ratio of pulp components can be increased up to 99% grass fiber content.
  • Et al the natural color of the grass gives the material a high opacity. Due to the high opacity, the user of the paper can use lighter grammages without allowing a shine through.
  • the material can optionally z. B. on the line, the mass or when sizing colored. As a result, a fair share of white can be obtained.
  • the surface can be additionally smoothed.
  • Dry hay with a dry content between 75 and 85% was used in this test series. This was roughly cleaned to be free of foreign matter such as e.g. Earth is free. Then it was shortened to one third of its length (about 20 cm) and then washed with about 15 degrees warm water and wrung out in a filter. This procedure was repeated 3 times and each time a lot of green discoloration was washed out.
  • the appropriately cleaned hay was added to a Dutchman while still wet. Added to this were fresh fiber pulp, waste paper (120g / sqm natural paper with 1.9 times volume) and auxiliaries. In a second batch filler was also added to see what impact this has on the surface and whiteness. After twenty-two minutes of suspension in the Dutch, the stock preparation was completed and test sheets were produced. Printing tests were carried out with these sheets in order to check whether the possibly missing whiteness can be improved, for example by means of offset printing in white. This too was successful.
  • Dry hay from meadow grass was used in this test series. This was cleaned with air and thus freed of foreign matter such as soil and dust and then reduced by means of a cutting unit to about one-tenth of its length (about 6 cm). This shortened hay was given to a Dutchman while still dry. Added to this were fresh fiber pulp, waste paper and two different auxiliaries in order, among other things, to obtain a better surface. After about 30 minutes of suspension, the stock preparation was completed. By means of a round sieve, sheets of about 70 x 100 cm were produced. These sheets were each transported on a felt on the drying cylinder and dried to about 35% residual moisture. In this test, the paper thus produced had a grammage of about 200 g / sqm or about 110 g / sqm.
  • the volume was about 1.3 g / cm 3 .
  • the paper thus produced shows different smoothness values on the top and bottom, the screen side being smoother than the top.
  • a printing test was carried out on a 4-color offset printing machine. A 4-color motif was tested here, once with the prior application of offset printing white and once without. Both variants were absolutely successful.
  • Tables 1 and 2 the property characteristics of the papers from Experiments 2 and 3 are compared. In this case, the values for sample 1 from experiment 2 and those for sample 2 from experiment 3. In addition to the absolute values, the changes in the characteristic values are also given in table 1, the calendering being expected to indicate the thickness and The air permeability of the paper decrease and, apart from the breaking force, all other values tend to increase transversely, and even significantly increase in terms of elongation.
  • Table 2 shows the optical measurement values of the two papers examined, whereby, in addition to the clear coloration, the very high opacity value of close to 100% can be recognized.
  • Pulp use Magazine paper 14% long fiber (pine / spruce) / Stendal ECF (Mercer), 33% short fiber (eucalyptus) / Cenibra, 3% CTMP (spruce / pine) / Waggeryd CTMP, 50% grass.
  • the grass is southern German meadow grass that was cut conventionally for feed use and dried in the air to approx. 8% residual moisture.
  • the defibration was carried out at a consistency of 5%, a speed of the pulper of 990 rpm over a period of 15 minutes.
  • the grinding was carried out at a consistency of 4%, a cutting angle of 60 °, an edge load of 0.7 Ws / m and a grinding energy of 150 kWh / t.
  • the dewatering resistance achieved after grinding was 32 ° SR.
  • Fiber material Wave paper from approx. 50% AP grade 1.02 / 50% AP variety 1.04, 50% grass.
  • the grass used is southern German meadow grass that was cut conventionally for feed use and dried in the air to a residual moisture content of around 8%.
  • Additives (based on pulp): 1% starch / Cargill 35844, 0.025% PAM / BASF - Percol 540
  • the grass used in the above composition was prepared as follows:
  • the defibration of the grass was carried out at a consistency of 10%, a speed of the pulper of 990 rpm over a period of 20 minutes. This was followed by deflaking at a speed of 2200 rpm over a period of 5 minutes. Grinding of the grass was carried out at a consistency of 8%, a cutting angle of 60 °, an edge load of 0.7 Ws / m and a grinding energy of 25 kWh / t. After that, the grass pulp had a drainage resistance measured as SR value of 52 °.
  • FIG. 2 the fiber length distribution in fiber length classes of the material systems used in this experiment is reproduced and compared with other, common pulp systems.
  • the fiber length classes - length weights and the y-axis the percentage in the fiber length class are plotted on the x-axis.
  • the course 1 shows the fiber length distribution of straw after defibration, 2 of straw after 5 min defibration, 3 short fiber pulp eucalyptus, 4 grass with a drainage resistance of 52 ° SR and 5 grass with a drainage resistance of 49 ° SR.
  • Paper rolls or paper sheets having different grammages between 40 g / m 2 and 80 g / m 2 for the magazine paper and between 90 g / m 2 and 250 g / m 2 for the corrugated cardboard liner under comparable conditions were produced from the corresponding material systems.
  • FIGS. 3 to 6 show the property values of corresponding magazine papers, which were made from the aforementioned pulp system. It shows FIG. 3 for a pulp / grass pulp system 31 and a pure pulp fiber system 32 the evolution of the specific volume in cm 3 / g (y-axis) as a function of the mass per unit area in g / m 2 (x-axis).
  • FIG. 4 shows the elongation at break along 41 and across 42 in% (y-axis) as a function of the area-related mass in g / m 2 (x-axis), FIG.
  • FIG. 5 the tensile index along 51 and transverse 52 in Nm / g (y-axis) as a function of the basis weight in g / m 2 (x-axis) and FIG. 6 the working capacity along 41 and transverse 42 in J / g (y-axis) as a function of the mass per unit area in g / m 2 (x-axis).
  • FIGS. 7 to 9 show the property values of corresponding corrugated cardboard liners made from the aforementioned pulp system. It shows FIG. 7 for a liner / grass pulp system 71 and a virgin liner pulp system 72, the evolution of the specific volume in cm 3 / g (y-axis) as a function of basis weight in g / m 2 (x-axis).
  • FIG. 8 shows the bursting resistance (according to Mullen) in kPa (y-axis) as a function of the mass per unit area in g / m 2 (x-axis)
  • FIG. 9 the strip crush resistance along 91 and transverse 92 in kN / m (y-axis) as a function of the area-related mass in g / m 2 (x-axis).
  • the results of the fiber length investigation and the fiber length distribution show a similarity with pulp such as fiber pulp systems from straw.
  • the pulp has a relatively large fiber diameter and a high fiber wall thickness. Especially at low basis weight, this has an increasing effect on the volume of the paper.
  • the tensile strength for magazine paper is approximately at the level of a wood-free, uncoated paper made of 100% short fiber pulp with about 20% filler.
  • the measured strengths of the liner are also at a good base level, with the higher volume having an advantageous effect on stiffness properties.

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  • Paper (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)
  • Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
  • Cosmetics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Faserstoffzusammensetzung, insbesondere für den Einsatz zur Erzeugung von Papier, Pappe, Karton, Druckträgern, Isolier- oder Dämmmaterial, Faserplatten, Füllmaterial und ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer solchen Faserstoffmischung.The present invention relates to a pulp composition, in particular for use in the production of paper, paperboard, cardboard, printing media, insulating or insulating material, fiberboard, filling material and a method for producing such a pulp mixture.

Faserstoffmischungen sind im Stand der Technik bekannt. Hierzu werden im Stand der Technik holzhaltige und holzfreie Faserstoffe verwendet, die im wesentlichen aus baumartigen Pflanzen gewonnen werden. Hierzu werden die entsprechenden Pflanzen wie zum Beispiel Baumstämme zerkleinert und entweder als Holzstoff oder als Zellstoff, bei welchem zu mindestens wesentliche Teile des im Holz enthaltenen Lignin entfernt werden, aufbereitet. Die entsprechenden Faserstoffe werden teilweise auch noch an die optischen und mechanischen Anforderungen, zum Beispiel mittels Bleiche oder Mahlung angepasst und dann weiter verarbeitet.Pulp mixtures are known in the art. For this purpose, wood-containing and wood-free fibers are used in the prior art, which are obtained essentially from tree-like plants. For this purpose, the corresponding plants such as tree trunks are crushed and processed either as wood pulp or as pulp, in which at least significant parts of the lignin contained in the wood are removed. The corresponding fibrous materials are sometimes even adapted to the optical and mechanical requirements, for example by means of bleaching or grinding and then processed further.

Nachteilig bei den im Stand der Technik bekannten Faserstoffzusammensetzungen und Verfahren zur Herstellung dieser ist, dass die Zerfaserung insbesondere von Holz, Holzstämmen oder auch Sägerestholz sehr Energieaufwendig ist, bei der Herstellung von Zellstoff erheblicher verfahrenstechnischer Aufwand, als auch erhebliche Mengen an chemischen Hilfsmitteln und Wasser verwendet werden müssen. Darüber hinaus muß das hierfür zu verwendende Holz über einen relativ langen Zeitraum kultiviert werden, bevor es dem Aufbereitungsprozess zur Faserherstellung zugeführt werden kann. Ferner sind hierfür auch relativ hohe Transportaufwendungen notwendig.A disadvantage of the known in the prior art pulp compositions and processes for the preparation of this is that the defibration of wood, wood logs or sawdust is very energy-consuming, in the production of pulp considerable process engineering effort, as well as significant amounts of chemical aids and water used Need to become. In addition, the wood to be used for this purpose must be cultured for a relatively long period of time before it can be fed to the fiber preparation process. Furthermore, this relatively high transport costs are necessary.

Hierzu ist im Stand der Technik die EP 2 374 930 A1 betreffend die Herstellung und Anwendung von Rohpapier, die GB 543 972 A betreffend Verbesserungen bei der Papierherstellung und die EP 281 811 A1 betreffend ein poröses Absorbent und ein Verfahren zur Herstellung bzw. der Nutzung eines solchen Absorbents bekannt.For this purpose, in the prior art EP 2 374 930 A1 concerning the manufacture and use of raw paper containing GB 543 972 A concerning improvements in papermaking and the EP 281 811 A1 concerning a porous absorbent and a method for producing or using such an absorbent.

Ausgehend von diesem Stand der Technik für Faserstoffmischungen und deren Herstellung ist es Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung die im Stand der Technik bekannten Nachteile wenigstens teilweise zu reduzieren bzw. zu vermeiden.Starting from this prior art for pulp mixtures and their preparation, it is an object of the present invention to at least partially reduce or avoid the disadvantages known in the prior art.

Die Aufgabe wird durch eine Faserstoffmischung gemäß Anspruch 1 und das beanspruchte Verfahren zur Herstellung dieser Faserstoffmischung gemäß Anspruch 8 gelöst. Bevorzugte Ausführungsformen der Faserstoffzusammensetzung und des Verfahrens sind Gegenstand der jeweiligen Unteransprüche. Ferner wird die Aufgabe auch durch die Verwendung des Faserstoffes zur Herstellung von Produkten gelöst, wie sie mit Anspruch 16 bestimmt sind.The object is achieved by a pulp mixture according to claim 1 and the claimed method for producing this pulp mixture according to claim 8. Preferred embodiments of the pulp composition and the method are the subject of the respective subclaims. Furthermore, the object is also achieved by the use of the pulp for the production of products, as they are determined with claim 16.

Die erfindungsgemäße Faserstoffmischung umfasst einen vorgegebenen Anteil an Frischfasern und/oder Altpapier, die neben den Hilfsstoffen und Wasser auch einen vorgegebenen Anteil an Süß- und/oder Sauergras und/oder Seegras und/oder Algenfasernaufweist. Der Gewichtsanteil der Süß-, Sauer-, Seegras- und/oder Algenfasern (einzeln oder in Kombination) in der Faserstoffmischung liegt zwischen 1 und 100 Gewichtsprozent bezogen auf die gesamte Stoffmasse und bestimmt als ofentrockener Stoffanteil.The pulp mixture according to the invention comprises a predetermined proportion of virgin fibers and / or waste paper, which in addition to the excipients and water and a predetermined proportion of fresh and / or sour grass and / or seaweed and / or algae fibers has. The proportion by weight of the fresh, sour, seagrass and / or algae fibers (individually or in combination) in the pulp mixture is between 1 and 100% by weight, based on the entire mass of the pulp and determined as the oven-dry pulp content.

Für die Bestimmung der ofentrockenen Stoffanteils wird auf die einschlägigen Normen zur Bestimmung Stoffdichte, Trockengehalt und/oder Restfeuchte verwiesen.For determining the oven-dry substance content, reference is made to the relevant standards for determining consistency, dry content and / or residual moisture content.

Als Frischfasern oder Altpapier werden gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung Faserstoffe verstanden, welche aus einer Gruppe ausgewählt sind, welche Langfaserzellstoff, Kurzfaserzellstoff, chemisch delignifizierte Faserstoffe, Sulfatzellstoff, Sulfitzellstoff, Zellstoffe aus dem Sodaverfahren oder Organocellverfahren, Baumwollzellstoff, Holzstoff, Thermo Mechanical Pulp, Holzschliff, Chemo Thermo Mechanical Pulp, Altpapier insbesondere der Sorten A - D: Untere Sorten; E - J: Mittlere Sorten; K - U: Bessere Sorten; V - W: Krafthaltige Sorten und X: Sondersorten, gebleichte Zellstoffe, Kombinationen hiervon und dergleichen enthält. Dabei ist zu berücksichtigen, dass es auch im Sinne der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt, dass die vorgenannten Faserstoffe mechanisch und/oder chemisch vorbehandelt werden oder sind. Dies umfasst insbesondere die Mahlung und/oder das Schneiden der Fasern, aber auch das Bleichen und/oder das chemische Mahlen dieser Faserstoffe. Die Bleiche kann hierbei sowohl oxidativ oder reduktiv erfolgen, bzw. auch in der Kombination aus entsprechenden Bleichstufen bestehen. Fernen können die Faserstoffe auch enzymatisch vorbehandelt sein, um somit zum Beispiel die Mahlresistenz des Faserstoffes zu reduzieren.According to the present invention, virgin fibers or waste paper are understood to be fibrous materials selected from the group consisting of long fiber pulp, short fiber pulp, chemically delignified pulps, sulphate pulp, sulphite pulp, soda or organocell pulps, cotton pulp, pulp, thermo mechanical pulp, groundwood, chemo Thermo Mechanical Pulp, waste paper, in particular of grades A - D: Lower varieties; E - J: medium varieties; K - U: better varieties; V - W: kraft grades and X: special grades, bleached pulps, combinations thereof, and the like. It should be noted that it is also within the meaning of the present invention that the aforementioned fibrous materials are or are pretreated mechanically and / or chemically. This includes in particular the grinding and / or cutting of the fibers, but also the bleaching and / or the chemical milling of these fibers. The bleach can be either oxidative or reductive, or even in the combination of corresponding bleaching stages exist. The fibrous materials may also be pretreated enzymatically, so as to reduce, for example, the grinding resistance of the pulp.

Neben den zuvor dargestellten und bestimmten Faserstoffen umfasst die erfindungsgemäße Faserstoffzusammensetzung auch einen vorgegebenen Anteil von Süß- und/oder Sauergrasfasern. Diese Grasfasern werden vorzugsweise aus getrocknetem, teilgetrocknetem oder frischen Gras bereitgestellt, wobei das Gras vorzugsweise aus einer Gruppe ausgewählt wird, welche Ährengräser, Rispengräser und Ährenrispengräser, sowie Riedgrasgewächse der Gattungen Poaceae, und Cyperaceae, insbesondere Gräser der Unterfamilien Anomochlooideae, Pharoideae, Puelioideae, Bambusoideae, Ehrhartoideae, Pooideae, wie zum Beispiel Tribus Aveneae, Tribus Poeae, Tribus Triticeae, Aristidoideae, Danthonioideae, Arundinoideae, Chloridoideae, Centothecoideae, Panicoideae, wie zum Beispiel Saccharum officinarum und Micrairoideae und insbesondere Agrostis canina - Hunds-Straußgras; Agrostis capillaris - Rotes Straußgras; Agrostis stolonifera - Weißes Straußgras; Agrostis vinealis - Sand-Straußgras; Aira caryophyllea - Nelken-Haferschmiele; Aira praecox - Frühe Haferschmiele; Alopecurus geniculatus - Knick-Fuchsschwanzgras; Alopecurus myosuroides - Acker-Fuchsschwanz; Alopecurus pratensis - Wiesen-Fuchschwanzgras; Ammophila arenaria - Strandhafer; Anthoxanthum aristatum - Grannen-Ruchgras; Anthoxanthum odoratum - Gewöhnliches Ruchgras; Apera spica-venti - Gewöhnlicher Windhalm; Arrhenatherum elatius - Glatthafer; Avena fatua - Flug-Hafer; Avena sativa - Saat-Hafer; Brachypodium pinnatum - Fieder-Zwenke; Brachypodium sylvaticum - Wald-Zwenke; Briza maxima - Großes Zittergras; Briza media - Gewöhnliches Zittergras; Bromus arvensis - Acker-Trespe; Bromus benekenii - Raue Trespe; Bromus carinatus - Plattährige Trespe Bromus commutatus - Wiesen-Trespe; Bromus erectus - Aufrechte Trespe; Bromus hordeaceus - Weiche Trespe; Bromus inermis - Grannenlose Trespe; Bromus madritensis - Mittelmeer-Trespe; Bromus secalinus - Roggen-Trespe; Bromus sterilis - Taube Trespe; Bromus tectorum - Dach-Trespe; Calamagrostis arundinacea - Wald-Reitgras; Calamagrostis epigejos - Land-Reitgras; Catapodium rigidum - Steifgras; Coix lacryma-jobi - Hiobsträne; Cortaderia selloana - Pampasgras; Corynephorus canescens - Silbergras; Cynodon dactylon - Hundszahngras; Cynosurus cristatus - Kammgras; Dactylis glomerata - Wiesen-Knäuelgras; Danthonia decumbens - Dreizahn; Deschampsia cespitosa - Rasen-Schmiele; Deschampsia flexuosa - Draht-Schmiele; Deschampsia setacea - Moor-Schmiele; Digitaria ischaemum - Faden-Fingerhirse; Digitaria sanguinalis - Blutrote Fingerhirse; Echinochloa crus-galli - Gewöhnliche Hühnerhirse; Echinochloa muricata - Borstige Hühnerhirse; Elymus caninus - Hunds-Quecke; Elymus repens - Kriechende Quecke; Eragrostis albensis - Elbe-Liebesgras; Eragrostis curvula - Gebogenes Liebesgras; Eragrostis minor - Kleines Liebesgras; Eragrostis multicaulis - Japanisches Liebesgras; Festuca arundinacea - Rohr-Schwingel; Festuca filiformis - Haar-Schwafschwingel; Festuca gigantea - Riesen-Schwingel; Festuca pratensis - Wiesen-Schwingel; Festuca rubra - Rot-Schwingel; Glyceria fluitans - Flutender Schwaden; Glyceria maxima - Großer Schwaden; Glyceria maxima - Großer Schwaden; Helictotrichon pratense - Echter Wiesenhafer; Helictotrichon pubescens - Flaumhafer; Helictotrichon pubescens - Flaumhafer; Holcus lanatus - Wolliges Honiggras; Hordelymus europaeus - Wald-Haargerste; Hordeum jubatum - Mähnen-Gerste; Hordeum murinum - Mäuse-Gerste; Hordeum vulgare - Saat-Gerste; Koeleria macrantha - Zierliches Schillergras; Koeleria pyramidata - Pyramiden-Schillergras; Lolium multiflorum - Vielblütiges Weidelgras; Lolium perenne - Ausdauerndes Weidelgras; Lolium remotum - Lein-Lolch; Lolium temulentum - Taumel-Lolch; Melica ciliata - Wimper-Perlgras; Melica nutans - Nickendes Perlgras; Melica uniflora - Einblütiges Perlgras; Milium effusum - Flattergras; Miscanthus floridulus - Riesen-Chinaschilf; Miscanthus sacchariflorus - Silberfahnengras; Miscanthus sinensis - Chinaschilf; Miscanthus sinensis 'Variegatus' - Chinaschilf; Miscanthus sinensis 'Variegatus' - Chinaschilf; Molinia arundinacea - Rohr-Pfeifengras; Molinia caerulea - Gewöhnliches Pfeifengras; Nardus stricta - Borstgras; Panicum capillare - Haarästige Hirse; Panicum miliaceum - Rispen-Hirse; Panicum riparia - Flussufer-Rispenhirse; Pennisetum setaceum - Rotes Lampenputzergras; Pennisetum villosum - Federborstengras; Phalaris arundinacea - Rohr-Glanzgras; Phalaris canariensis - Kanariengras; Phleum phleoides - Steppen-Lieschgras; Phleum pratense - Wiesen-Lieschgras; Phragmites australis - Schilf; Poa annua - Einjähriges Rispengras; Poa bulbosa - Knolliges Rispengras Poa chaixii - Wald-Rispengras; Poa compressa - Platthalm-Rispengras; Poa nemoralis - Hain-Rispengras; Poa palustris - Sumpf-Rispengras; Poa pratensis - Wiesen-Rispengras; Poa trivialis - Gewöhnliches Rispengras; Polypogon monspeliensis - Bürstengras; Puccinellia distans - Gewöhnlicher Salzschwaden; Secale cereale - Roggen; Sclerochloa dura - Hartgras; Setaria italica - Kolbenhirse; Setaria pumila - Fuchsrote Borstenhirse; Setaria verticillata - Quirlige Borstenhirse ; Setaria viridis - Grüne Borstenhirse; Sorghum bicolor - Mohrenhirse; Sorghum halepense - Wilde Mohrenhirse; Trisetum flavescens - Goldhafer; Triticale; Triticum aestivum - SaatWeizen; Triticum dicoccon - Emmer; Triticum durum - Hartweizen; Triticum monoccocum - Einkorn; Triticum spelta - Dinkel; Vulpia myuros - Mäuseschwanz-Federschwingel; Zea mays - Mais, Wiesengras, Sport- und Gebrauchsgras wie zum Beispiel, Festuca, Lolium perenne, Poa pratensis, Agrosti, Sauergräser der Gattung Carex, Kombinationen hiervon und dergleichen enthält. Auch bei diesen Fasern ist zu berücksichtigen, dass es auch im Sinne der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt, die vorgenannten Faserstoffe nach Bedarf mechanisch und/oder chemisch vorzubehandeln. Dies umfasst insbesondere die Mahlung und/oder das Schneiden der Fasern, aber auch das Bleichen und/oder das chemische Mahlen dieser Faserstoffe. Die Bleiche kann hierbei sowohl oxidativ oder reduktiv erfolgen, bzw. auch in der Kombination aus entsprechenden Bleichstufen bestehen. Fernen können die Faserstoffe auch enzymatisch vorbehandelt sein, um somit zum Beispiel die Mahlresistenz des Faserstoffes zu reduzieren.In addition to the previously described and determined pulps, the pulp composition according to the invention also comprises a predetermined proportion of sweet and / or sour grass fibers. These grass fibers are preferably provided from dried, semi-dried or fresh grass, the grass preferably being selected from a group consisting of ear-grasses, bluegrasses and spikes grasses, as well as species of the genera Poaceae, and Cyperaceae, in particular grasses of the subfamilies Anomochlooideae, Pharoideae, Puelioideae, Bambusoideae Ehrhartoideae, Pooideae, such as, for example, Tribus Aveneae, Tribune Poeae, Tribe Triticeae, Aristidoideae, Danthonioideae, Arundinoideae, Chloridoideae, Centothecoideae, Panicoideae, such as Saccharum officinarum and Micrairoideae, and in particular Agrostis canina - Dog's Bouquet; Agrostis capillaris - red ostrich grass; Agrostis stolonifera - White ostrich grass; Agrostis vinealis - sand ostrich grass; Aira caryophyllea - clove oatmeal; Aira praecox - Early oatmeal; Alopecurus geniculatus - kink foxtail grass; Alopecurus myosuroides - Field Foxtail; Alopecurus pratensis - meadow foxtail grass; Ammophila arenaria - beachgrass; Anthoxanthum aristatum - awning grasses; Anthoxanthum odoratum - Common Ruchgrass; Apera spica-venti - Common hawthorn; Arrhenatherum elatius - smooth oat; Avena fatua - Flight Oats; Avena sativa - seed oat; Brachypodium pinnatum - Fieder-Zwenke; Brachypodium sylvaticum - Forest Twins; Briza maxima - Large Shiver Grass; Briza media - Common Quaking Grass; Bromus arvensis - Field Trespe; Bromus benekenii - Rough Trespe; Bromus carinatus - Flat-footed Trespe Bromus commutatus - Meadow Trespe; Bromus erectus - Upright Trespe; Bromus hordeaceus - Soft Trespe; Bromus inermis - Ageless Trespe; Bromus madritensis - Mediterranean Trespe; Bromus secalinus - rye trespe; Bromus sterilis - pigeon Trespe; Bromus tectorum - roof trespe; Calamagrostis arundinacea - Forest Riding Grass; Calamagrostis epigejos - Land Riding Grass; Catapodium rigidum - Starkgrass; Coix lacryma-jobi - Jobsträne; Cortaderia selloana - Pampas Grass; Corynephorus canescens - silvergrass; Cynodon dactylon - canine tooth grass; Cynosurus cristatus - Crested Grass; Dactylis glomerata - meadow ball grass; Danthonia decumbens - trident; Deschampsia cespitosa - lawn Schmiele; Deschampsia flexuosa - Wire Schmiele; Deschampsia setacea - Moor Schmiele; Digitaria ischaemum - crabgrass; Digitaria sanguinalis - blood-red crabgrass; Echinochloa crus-galli - Common Barnyardgrass; Echinochloa muricata - Borstige millet; Elymus caninus - Dog Whisks; Elymus repens - Creeping Wheatgrass; Eragrostis albensis - Elbe love grass; Eragrostis curvula - Curved love grass; Eragrostis minor - Little Love Grass; Eragrostis multicaulis - Japanese love grass; Festuca arundinacea - Tube Fescue; Festuca filiformis - hair-Schwaffschwingel; Festuca gigantea - giant fescue; Festuca pratensis - meadow fescue; Festuca rubra - red fescue; Glyceria fluitans - Flooding Swaths; Glyceria maxima - large swaths; Glyceria maxima - large swaths; Helictotrichon pratense - True meadow oat; Helictotrichon pubescens - downy grass; Helictotrichon pubescens - downy grass; Holcus lanatus - Woolly Honeygrass; Hordelymus europaeus - Forest Hair Barley; Hordeum jubatum - Mane Barley; Hordeum murinum - mouse barley; Hordeum vulgare - seed barley; Koeleria macrantha - Petite Schillergrass; Koeleria pyramidata - Pyramidal Schillergrass; Lolium multiflorum - Multi-flowered ryegrass; Lolium perenne - perennial ryegrass; Lolium remotum - flax loach; Lolium temulentum - tumbling lolk; Melica ciliata - Eyelash Perlgrass; Melica nutans - Neading Perlgrass; Melica uniflora - single-flowered perl grass; Milium effusum - Wheatgrass; Miscanthus floridulus - Giant miscanthus; Miscanthus sacchariflorus - silver banner grass; Miscanthus sinensis - Miscanthus; Miscanthus sinensis 'Variegatus' - miscanthus; Miscanthus sinensis 'Variegatus' - miscanthus; Molinia arundinacea - pipe whistling grass; Molinia caerulea - Common Pipefish; Nardus stricta - Borstgras; Panicum capillare - hairy millet; Panicum miliaceum - panicle millet; Panicum riparia - Riverside Millet Millet; Pennisetum setaceum - Red lamp-cleaner grass; Pennisetum villosum - Feathered grass; Phalaris arundinacea - tube glossy grass; Phalaris canariensis - canary grass; Phleum phleoides - Steppen-Lieschgras; Phleum pratense - Meadow grass; Phragmites australis - reed; Poa annua - Annual bluegrass; Poa bulbosa - Knolliges Rispengras Poa chaixii - Forest bluegrass; Poa compressa - Platthalm panicle grass; Poa nemoralis - grove panicle grass; Poa palustris - swamp bluegrass; Poa pratensis - meadow bluegrass; Poa trivialis - common bluegrass; Polypogon monspeliensis - brush grass; Puccinellia distans - Common salt spray; Secale cereale - rye; Sclerochloa dura - hard grass; Setaria italica - ground millet; Setaria pumila - Fox-red bristle-millet; Setaria verticillata - lively bristle-millet; Setaria viridis - Green Bristlecone; Sorghum bicolor - sorghum; Sorghum halepense - wild sorghum; Trisetum flavescens - golden oats; triticale; Triticum aestivum - seed wheat; Triticum dicoccone - Emmer; Triticum durum - durum wheat; Triticum monoccocum - einkorn; Triticum spelta - spelled; Vulpia myuros - Ponytail Fescue; Zea mays - maize, meadow grass, sports and utility grass such as Festuca, Lolium perenne, Poa pratensis, Agrosti, sour grasses of the genus Carex, combinations thereof and the like. It should also be borne in mind with these fibers that it is also within the meaning of the present invention to pretreat the aforementioned fibrous materials mechanically and / or chemically as required. This includes in particular the grinding and / or cutting of the fibers, but also the bleaching and / or the chemical milling of these fibers. The bleaching can be carried out either oxidatively or reductively, or even in the combination of corresponding bleaching stages. The fibrous materials may also be pretreated enzymatically, so as to reduce, for example, the grinding resistance of the pulp.

Besonders bevorzugte Zusammensetzungen für die Süß- und/oder Sauergrasfasern ergeben sich wie folgt, wobei die entsprechenden Zusammensetzungen bevorzugt wenigstens die genannten Pflanzen aufweisen:

  • Variante 1: Glatthafer, Goldhafer, Knaulgras, Rotes Straußgras, Wiesenlieschgras.
  • Variante 2: Mais.
  • Variante 3: Wenigstens ein Gras aus einer Gruppe, welche Quellbinsen (Blysmus), Strandsimsen (Bolboschoenus), Seggen (Carex), Schneiden (Cladium), Zypergräser (Cyperus), Sumpfbinsen (Eleocharis), Wollgräser (Eriophorum), Moorbinsen (Isolepis), Nackt-/Schuppenried (Kobresia), Schnabelriede (Rhynchospora), Kopfried (Schoenus), Teichbinsen (Schoenoplectus), Simsen (Scirpus), Rasenbinsen (Trichophorum) umfasst.
  • Variante 4: Buchweizen, Deutsches Weidelgras, Glatthafer, Goldhafer, Hafer, Knaulgras, Waldstaudenroggen, Welsches Weidelgras, Wiesenlieschgras, Wiesenrispe, Wiesenschwingel.
  • Variante 5: Zuckerrohr.
  • Variante 6: Buchweizen, Waldstaudenroggen, Hafer.
  • Variante 7: Hafer, Buchweizen, Waldstaudenroggen, Schwarzhafer, Saatweizen.
  • Variante 8: Wiesenschwingel, Dt. Weidelgras, Wiesenlieschgras, Wiesenrispe, Rotschwingel.
  • Variante 9: Dt. Weidelgras Gremie, Dt. Weidelgras Hübal, Dt. Weidelgras, Rotschwingel, Wiesenlieschgras, Wiesenrispe.
  • Variante 10: Festuca rubra commutata, Festuca rubra trichophylla, Poa pratensis.
  • Variante 11: Lolium perenne, Poa pratensis, Festuca rubra rubra.
  • Variante 12: Koeleria macrantha, Poa pratensis, Festuca rubra commutata.
  • Variante 13: Festuca rubra trichophylla, Festuca rubra commutata, Poa pratensis.
  • Variante 14: Festuca rubra commutata, Festuca rubra rubra, Festuca rubra trichophylla, Lolium perenne, Poa pratensis.
  • Variante 15: Festuca rubra trichoph. Festuca rubra rubra, Lolium perennePoa , pratensis, Achillea millefolium.
  • Variante 16: Agrostis canina oder Agrostis capillaris,, Festuca ovina duriusula oder Festuca ovina vulgaris, Festuca rubra commutata, Festuca rubra rubra, Festuca rubra trichophylla, Lolium perenne, Poa pratensis.
  • Variante 17: Agrostis canina oder Agrostis capillaris, Festuca ovina duriusula oder Festuca ovina vulgaris, Festuca rubra commutata, Festuca rubra rubra, Festuca rubra trichophylla, Lolium perenne, Poa pratensis.
Particularly preferred compositions for the sweet and / or sour grass fibers are as follows, the corresponding compositions preferably comprising at least the said plants:
  • Variant 1: oat oat, golden oat, cocksfoot grass, red ostrich grass, meadowweedgrass.
  • Variant 2: corn.
  • Variant 3: At least one grass from a group, which source bulbs (Blysmus), beach lemons (Bolboschoenus), sedges (Carex), cutting (Cladium), Zypergräser (Cyperus), Sumpfbinsen (Eleocharis), Wool grasses (Eriophorum), Moorbinsen (Isolepis) , Nackt- / Schuppenried (Kobresia), Beaked Rhynchospora, Kopfried (Schoenus), Teichbinsen (Schoenoplectus), Simsen (Scirpus), Rasenbinsen (Trichophorum) includes.
  • Variation 4: Buckwheat, Perennial ryegrass, Oath grass, Golden oat, Oats, Cocksfoot, Forest perennial rye, Welsh ryegrass, Meadowweed grass, Meadow vines, Meadow fescue.
  • Variation 5: sugarcane.
  • Variation 6: buckwheat, forest rye rye, oats.
  • Variation 7: oats, buckwheat, forest rye rye, black oats, seed wheat.
  • Variant 8: meadow fescue, Dt. Rye grass, meadow willow grass, meadow-raspberry, red fescue.
  • Variant 9: Dt. Ryegrass Gremie, Dt. Ryegrass Hübal, Dt. Ryegrass, red fescue, meadowweedgrass, meadow-raspberry.
  • Variant 10: Festuca rubra commutata, Festuca rubra trichophylla, Poa pratensis.
  • Variant 11: Lolium perenne, Poa pratensis, Festuca rubra rubra.
  • Variant 12: Koeleria macrantha, Poa pratensis, Festuca rubra commutata.
  • Variant 13: Festuca rubra trichophylla, Festuca rubra commutata, Poa pratensis.
  • Variant 14: Festuca rubra commutata, Festuca rubra rubra, Festuca rubra trichophylla, Lolium perenne, Poa pratensis.
  • Variant 15: Festuca rubra trichoph. Festuca rubra rubra, Lolium perenne Poa, pratensis, Achillea millefolium.
  • Variant 16: Agrostis canina or Agrostis capillaris, Festuca ovina duriusula or Festuca ovina vulgaris, Festuca rubra commutata, Festuca rubra rubra, Festuca rubra trichophylla, Lolium perenne, Poa pratensis.
  • Variant 17: Agrostis canina or Agrostis capillaris, Festuca ovina duriusula or Festuca ovina vulgaris, Festuca rubra commutata, Festuca rubra rubra, Festuca rubra trichophylla, Lolium perenne, Poa pratensis.

Ferner können neben oder in Kombination mit den vorstehenden Süß- und/oder Sauergräsers auch Seegras oder Algen als sogenannte Grasfasern eingesetzt werden, welche aus einer Gruppe ausgewählt werden, welche unter anderem Gattungen Seegräser (Zostera) und die Arten Zostera angustifolia (Hornem.) Rchb., Zostera asiatica Miki, Zostera caespitosa Miki, Zostera capensis Setch., Zostera capricorni Asch., Zostera caulescens Miki, Zostera japonica Asch. & Graebn., Gewöhnliches Seegras (Zostera marina L.), Zostera mucronata Hartog, Zostera muelleri Irmisch ex Asch., Zwerg-Seegras (Zostera noltii Hornem.), Zostera novazelandica Setch., Zostera tasmanica M.Martens ex Asch., ferner Heterozostera und Phyllospadix, Neptungräser (Posidonia) aus der Familie Posidoniaceae, Cymodocea, Halodule, Syringodium und Thalassodendron aus der Familie Cymodoceaceae und Enhalus acoroides, Halophila und Thalassia aus der Familie der Froschbissgewächse (Hydrocharitaceae), Unterfamilie Halophiloideae, bzw. Glaucophyta, Haptophyta, Schlundgeißler (Cryptista), Euglenozoa, Dinozoa (s. Dinoflagellaten), Raphidophyceae (Chloromonadophyceae), Chlorarachniophyta, Gelbgrüne Algen (Xanthophyceae), Goldalgen (Chrysophyta), Kieselalgen (Bacillariophyta), Braunalgen (Phaeophyta), Rotalgen (Rhodophyta), Grünalgen (Chlorophyta), Picobiliphyta, Heterokontophyta, Excavata, Stramenopile, Haptophyta, Cryptophyta, Chlorarachniophyta und Heterokontophyta, Alveolata, Biliphyta Kombinationen hiervon und dergleichen enthält.Furthermore, seagrass or algae can also be used as so-called grass fibers in addition to or in combination with the above sweet and / or sour grasses, which are selected from a group which includes, inter alia, genera seagrass (Zostera) and the species Zostera angustifolia (Hornem.) Rchb Zostera asiatica Miki, Zostera caespitosa Miki, Zostera capensis Setch., Zostera capricorni Ash., Zostera caulescens Miki, Zostera japonica Ash. & Graebn., Common seaweed (Zostera marina L.), Zostera mucronata Hartog, Zostera muelleri Irmian ex Asch., Dwarf seaweed (Zostera noltii Hornem.), Zostera novazelandica Setch., Zostera tasmanica M.Martens ex. Ash., Heterozostera and Phyllospadix, Neptunium (Posidonia) from the family Posidoniaceae, Cymodocea, Halodule, Syringodium and Thalassodendron from the family Cymodoceaceae and Enhalus acoroides, Halophila and Thalassia from the family of the frog bite family (Hydrocharitaceae), subfamily Halophiloideae, respectively Glaucophyta, Haptophyta, Mouth Warbler (Cryptista), Euglenozoa , Dinozoa (see Dinoflagellaten), Raphidophyceae (Chloromonadophyceae), Chlorarachniophyta, Yellow-green algae (Xanthophyceae), gold algae (Chrysophyta), diatoms (Bacillariophyta), brown algae (Phaeophyta), red algae (Rhodophyta), green algae (Chlorophyta), Picobiliphyta, Heterokontophyta, Excavata, Stramenopile, Haptophyta, Cryptophyta, Chlorarachnophyta and Heterocontophyta, Alveolata, Biliphyta Kombin ations thereof and the like.

Gemäß einer weiteren, besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung wird insbesondere nur der Süß-, Sauer-, Seegras- und/oder Algenfaseranteil (einzeln oder in Kombination) der Faserstoffzusammensetzung vor dessen Vermengung mit den anderen Bestandteilen mechanisch aufbereitet. Dies umfasst insbesondere die Trocknung, Reinigung und/oder Kürzung bzw. Mahlung.According to a further, particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, in particular only the fresh, sour, seagrass and / or algae fiber fraction (individually or in combination) of the pulp composition is mechanically processed before it is mixed with the other constituents. This includes in particular the drying, cleaning and / or shortening or grinding.

Dabei kann insbesondere das Süß-, Sauer-, Seegras- und/oder die Algen (einzeln oder in Kombination) direkte nach dem Schnitt ohne Trocknung weiterverarbeitet werden. Dies sollte bevorzugt möglichst zeitnah zum Schnitt bzw. der Ernte erfolgen, da der sonst startende Gärungsprozess u.a. zu einer erhöhten Temperaturentwicklung, insbesondere bei Zusatz von Wasser bei der Weiterverarbeitung führt. Bei dieser direkten Verarbeitung ist fernere festzustellen, dass diese mit einer relativ starken Grünverfärbung beim Endprodukt (Graspapier) einhergeht, wenn keine weiteren Vorkehrungen oder Verfahrensschritte vorgenommen werden.In particular, the fresh, sour, seagrass and / or algae (individually or in combination) can be further processed directly after the cut without drying. This should preferably be done as soon as possible to the cut or harvest, since the otherwise starting fermentation process u.a. leads to an increased temperature development, in particular with the addition of water during further processing. In the case of this direct processing, it should be further noted that this is accompanied by a relatively strong green discoloration in the end product (grass paper), if no further precautions or process steps are taken.

Alternativ kann das Gras d.h. die Süß- und/oder Sauer- und/oder Seegras- und/oder Algenfaser auch nur teilweise getrocknet werden, wobei mit geringer Restfeuchtigkeit auch eine reduzierte Grünverfärbung im Endprodukt einhergeht.Alternatively, the grass ie the fresh and / or sour and / or seagrass and / or algae fiber can also only be partially dried, with low residual moisture also accompanied by a reduced green discoloration in the end product.

Schließlich kann das Gras sehr stark getrocknet (Trockengehalt zwischen 75 und 90 %) werden, womit relativ geringe Grüneinfärbungen im Endprodukt erzielt werden können.Finally, the grass can be very heavily dried (dry content between 75 and 90%), whereby relatively low green colorations can be achieved in the final product.

Es liegt ferner auch im Sinn der vorliegenden Erfindung, dass das Gras vor der Verarbeitung gewaschen wird. Dies kann ein- oder mehrstufig erfolgen, wobei hierzu vorzugsweise Wasser verwendet wird, dessen Temperatur zwischen 10 °C und 95 °C liegt. Gute Ergebnisse werden mit mehrfachen Waschungen im Bereich zwischen einem und sechs Waschzyklen erzielt.It is also within the scope of the present invention that the grass is washed prior to processing. This can be done in one or more stages, for which purpose preferably water is used whose temperature is between 10 ° C and 95 ° C. Good results are achieved with multiple washes ranging between one and six wash cycles.

Gemäß einer weiteren, besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung wird das Gras durch schneiden und ernten von Wiesengras, Sport- und/oder Gebrauchsrasen bereitgestellt, wobei sich insbesondere bei Wiesen der zweite oder jeder weitere Schnitt besonders gut eignet, da hierbei die Tendenz zur Knotenbildung reduziert ist. Es liegt aber auch im Sinn der vorliegenden Erfindung Süß- und/oder Sauergras aus dem ersten Schnitt der Weiterverarbeitung zuzuführen, wobei sich dann der Aufwand beim Schneiden und/oder Mahlen ggf. erhöhen kann.According to a further, particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, the grass is provided by cutting and harvesting meadow grass, sports and / or working lawns, wherein especially in meadows the second or each further cut is particularly well suited, as this reduces the tendency to knot is. However, it is also within the meaning of the present invention to supply fresh and / or sourgrass from the first cut of the further processing, wherein then the effort during cutting and / or grinding may possibly increase.

Bei der Reinigung des Grases bzw. der Grasfasern liegt es auch in Sinn der vorliegenden Erfindung, dass vor der Weiterverarbeitung Fremdstoffe wie z.B. Erde, Steine, Kunststoff, etc. entfernt werden. Dies kann sowohl durch Windsichter (hierbei werden beispielsweise die Fasern mit Luft auf ein Sieb geblasen, wodurch schwere Fremdstoffe und leichte Fremdstoffe hierbei aufgrund ihres Gewichtes eine andere Entfernung als die Fasern überwinden und somit separiert werden) trocken gereinigt werden. Alternativ können insbesondere die trockenen Fasern auch mittels Zentrifugen gereinigt werden. Darüber hinaus können die Fasern auch für die Reinigung gewaschen werden, wobei dies Beispielsweise durch Auswaschen und Wringen in einem Filter durchgeführt werden kann. Durch diesen Reinigungsschritt lässt sich auch parallel die Grünverfärbung verringern.When cleaning the grass or grass fibers, it is also within the spirit of the present invention that prior to further processing, contaminants such as e.g. Earth, stones, plastic, etc. are removed. This can be dry-cleaned both by air classifiers (here, for example, the fibers are blown with air on a sieve, whereby heavy foreign matter and light foreign matter in this case due to their weight, a distance other than the fibers overcome and thus separated). Alternatively, in particular, the dry fibers can also be cleaned by centrifuges. In addition, the fibers can also be washed for cleaning, which can be done for example by washing out and wrestling in a filter. Through this cleaning step, the green discoloration can also be reduced in parallel.

Vorteil einer trockenen Reinigung ist, dass eine ggf. notwendige Zwischentrockung vermieden werden kann.The advantage of dry cleaning is that any necessary intermediate drying can be avoided.

Darüber hinaus liegt es im Sinn der vorliegenden Erfindung die Fasern vor der Suspendierung auf eine max. Länge von 15 mm, am besten jedoch auf unter 1 mm zu zerkleinert, um eine gute Verarbeitung zu gewährleisten. Dieser Vorgang kann in jedem Zustand der Faser erfolgen, ob frisch oder trocken. Aufgrund des dann geringeren Wiederstandes ist das Zerkleinern bei der trockenen Faser am einfachsten. Möglich ist die Zerkleinerung auch bei der Mahlung, wie beispielsweise im Refiner und der entsprechenden Einstellung dieses Aggregates. Eine weitere Möglichkeit ist auch eine Kombination des Schneidens vor der Mahlung und der Mahlung, wobei beispielsweise die Fasern außerhalb des Refiners oder Holländers auf eine max. Länge von 50 mm vorgeschnitten und beispielsweise zu Pellets komprimiert werden. Diese Pellets können dann in Wasser suspendiert werden und nach deren Quellung im Refiner oder Holländer weiter zerkleinert bzw. gemahlen werden. Bei dieser Möglichkeit ergibt sich u.a. eine Verkürzung der Verarbeitungszeit im Refiner / Holländer und eine damit verbunden Energieersparnis.Moreover, it is within the meaning of the present invention, the fibers before suspension to a max. Length of 15 mm, but preferably crushed to less than 1 mm to ensure good workmanship. This process can be done in Any state of fiber, whether fresh or dry. Due to the then lower resistance, the shredding of the dry fiber is the easiest. The comminution is also possible during grinding, such as in the refiner and the corresponding setting of this unit. Another possibility is a combination of cutting before grinding and grinding, for example, the fibers outside the refiner or Dutchman to a max. Pre-cut length of 50 mm and compressed, for example, to pellets. These pellets can then be suspended in water and, after swelling in the refiner or dutchman, further comminuted or ground. With this possibility results inter alia a shortening of the processing time in the refiner / dutchman and an associated energy saving.

Durch die Trocknung auf einen Trockengehalt zwischen 75 und 90 % ergibt sich u.a. eine verbesserte Lagerfähigkeit und eine damit verbundene ganzjährige Vorratshaltung und sowie eine saisonunabhängige Papierproduktion. Je trockener die Fasern sind um so weniger Gewicht muss transportiert werden. Durch die Komprimierung beim Pelletieren benötigt man weniger Transportvolumen und eine kürzere Zerkleinerungsphase im Refiner / Holländer.By drying to a dry content of between 75 and 90%, u.a. improved shelf life and associated year-round stockpiling and seasonal paper production. The drier the fibers are, the less weight they have to transport. Compression during pelleting requires less transport volume and a shorter comminution phase in the refiner / dutchman.

Es liegt auch im Sinn der Erfindung beim Pelletieren das Mischverhältnis des Grases, mit den entsprechenden Zusätzen wie Zellstoff, Holzschliff, Altpapier etc. und/oder durch die Zugabe eines Hilfsstoffs oder mehrerer Hilfsstoffe eine Ausrüstung vorzunehmen und somit eine Fertigmischung für die Weiterverarbeitung bereit zu stellen.It is also within the meaning of the invention in pelleting the mixing ratio of the grass, with the appropriate additives such as pulp, groundwood, waste paper, etc. and / or by the addition of an adjuvant or more auxiliaries to make equipment and thus to provide a ready mix for further processing ,

Als Hilfsstoffe werden gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung insbesondere Additive verstanden, welche aus einer Gruppe ausgewählt werden, welche Retentionsmittel, Entwässerungshilfsmittel, Retentionsmittel-Dual-systeme oder Mikropartikelsysteme, Nass- und Trockenverfestiger, Füllstoffe und/oder Pigmente, insbesondere aus einer Gruppe von Kaolin, Talkum, Calciumcarbonat, Calziumsilikat, Titandioxid, Aluminiumhydroxid, Kieselsäure, Bentonit, Bariumsulfat, ausgewählt, Bindemittelkomponenten, Streichfarbenkomponenten, Entschäumer, Entlüfter, Biozid, Enzyme, Antioxidantien, Konservierungsmittel, Bleichhilfsmittel, optische Aufheller, Farbstoffe, Nuancierfarbstoffen, Störstofffänger, Fällungsmittel, Leim, Harz, Fixiermittel, Benetzungsmittel, pH-Regulatoren, Bindemittel, wie Stärke, Carboxymethylcellulose, Casein, Guar, Sojaproteine, Celluloseether, pflanzliche Proteine anderen Ursprungs, synthetische Bindemittel in Dispersionsform sowie wasserlösbarer Form auf Basis von Styrol-Butadien, Styrol-(Meth) Acrylatestern, Vinylacetetat-Ethylen, Vinylacetat-Acrylatestern, Vinylacetat sowie Polyvinylalkoholen, Vernetzer, Viskositätsregler, optische Aufheller, Entlüfter, pH-Regulatoren, Kombinationen hiervon und dergleichen aufweist.In the context of the present invention, adjuvants are in particular additives which are selected from the group consisting of retention agents, drainage aids, retention agent dual systems or microparticle systems, wet and dry strength promoters, fillers and / or pigments, in particular from a group of kaolin, talc , Calcium carbonate, calcium silicate, titanium dioxide, aluminum hydroxide, silicic acid, bentonite, barium sulfate, selected, binder components, coating components, antifoams, deaerators, biocide, enzymes, antioxidants, preservatives, bleaching aids, optical brighteners, dyes, shading dyes, impurities scavenger, precipitants, glue, resin, Fixatives, wetting agents, pH regulators, binders, such as starch, Carboxymethyl cellulose, casein, guar, soy proteins, cellulose ethers, vegetable proteins of other origin, synthetic binders in dispersion form and water-soluble form based on styrene-butadiene, styrene (meth) acrylate esters, vinyl acetate ethylene, vinyl acetate acrylate esters, vinyl acetate and polyvinyl alcohols, crosslinkers, Viscosity regulator, optical brightener, deaerator, pH regulators, combinations thereof, and the like.

Gemäß einer weiteren, besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung ist der Anteil der Gewichtsanteil an Süß-, Sauer-, Seegras- und/oder Algenfasern (einzeln oder in Kombination) größer 10 %, insbesondere größer 25 % und besonders bevorzugt größer 50 % ist und/oder der Anteil an Frischfasern und/oder Altpapier kleiner ist als der Gewichtsanteil an Süß-, Sauer-, Seegras- und/oder Algenfasern in der Faserstoffzusammensetzung.According to a further, particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, the proportion of the weight fraction of fresh, sour, seagrass and / or algae fibers (individually or in combination) is greater than 10%, in particular greater than 25% and particularly preferably greater than 50% / or the proportion of fresh fibers and / or waste paper is less than the proportion by weight of sweet, sour, seagrass and / or algae fibers in the pulp composition.

Die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung wird auch durch ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Faserstoffmischung gelöst, wobei das Verfahren die Schritte des Ernten des Süß-, Sauer-, Seegrases und/oder der Algen (einzeln oder in Kombination), das Schneiden der Süß-, Sauer-, Seegras- und/oder Algenfaser (einzeln oder in Kombination) auf eine vorgegebene Länge, die Suspendierung der Süß-, Sauer-, Seegras- und/oder Algenfasern (einzeln oder in Kombination) in Wasser und die Zugabe von vorgegebenen Anteilen an Frischfaser und/oder Altpapier und/oder Hilfsstoffen umfasst. Bei den vorgenannten Verfahrensschritten ist jedoch auch zu berücksichtigen, dass diese in ihrer Reihenfolge ggf. verändert werden können, um insbesondere Synergieeffekte bei der Aufbereitung unterschiedlicher Faserstofftypen mit zu berücksichtigen.The object of the present invention is also achieved by a process for producing a pulp mixture, the process comprising the steps of harvesting the sweet, sour, seagrass and / or algae (singly or in combination), cutting the sweet, sour -, seaweed and / or algae fiber (individually or in combination) to a predetermined length, the suspension of the fresh, sour, seagrass and / or algae fibers (individually or in combination) in water and the addition of predetermined proportions of fresh fiber and / or waste paper and / or excipients. In the case of the abovementioned method steps, however, it must also be taken into account that these can possibly be changed in their sequence in order, in particular, to take into account synergy effects in the processing of different types of fiber material.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren umfasst gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform nach dem Mähen den Schritt des teilweisen Trocknens und/oder Pelletierens, wobei hierzu die Süß-, Sauer-, Seegras- und/oder Algenfasern(einzeln oder in Kombination) vor dem Pelletieren vorzugsweise auf eine vorgegebene Länge gekürzt wird. Ggf. kann dies auch mit dem Pelletiervorgang oder -verfahren kombiniert werden.According to a further embodiment, the method according to the invention comprises, after mowing, the step of partially drying and / or pelleting, in which case the sweet, sour, seagrass and / or algae fibers (individually or in combination) preferably have a predetermined length prior to pelleting is shortened. Possibly. This can also be combined with the pelleting process or process.

Gemäß einer weiteren besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform des vorliegenden Verfahrens wird der Grüngrasfaseranteil vor der Zugabe von Frischfasern und/oder Altpapier gemahlen. Dies kann historisch durch einen Holländer oder modern durch einen Refiner erfolgen, wobei durch die Einstellung des Refiners der entsprechend behandelte Faserstoff schneidend und/oder fibrillierend gemahlen werden kann. Insbesondere bietet die fribrilierende Mahlung den Vorteil, dass nicht nur die Länge des Faserstoffs verändert wird, sondern dass auch die Oberfläche des Faserstoffes deutlich vergrößert wird, womit die Fähigkeit zwischen den Fasern Verbindungen aufzubauen erhöht und somit auch die Festigkeit des erzeugten Produkts verbessert wird.According to a further particularly preferred embodiment of the present method, the green grass fiber fraction is ground before the addition of virgin fibers and / or waste paper. This can be historically through a dutchman or modern through take a refiner, which can be ground by cutting the adjustment of the corresponding treated pulp and / or fibrillating. In particular, the fribrilizing refining has the advantage of not only changing the length of the pulp, but also significantly increasing the surface area of the pulp, thus increasing the ability to build up connections between the fibers and thus also improving the strength of the product produced.

Entsprechend den vorstehenden Ausführungen zur Faserstoffzusammensetzung ist es auch im Sinn der vorliegenden Erfindung, dass einzelne Faserstoffkomponenten oder die gesamte Faserstoffzusammensetzung gebleicht, sortiert, dispergiert und/oder homogenisiert wird und insbesondere bei der Verarbeitung zu Papier, Karton oder Pappen auf eine vorgegebene Stoffdichte eingestellt wird.According to the above statements on the pulp composition, it is also within the meaning of the present invention that individual pulp components or the entire pulp composition is bleached, sorted, dispersed and / or homogenized and in particular when processing into paper, cardboard or paperboard is adjusted to a predetermined consistency.

Bezüglich der Kürzung bzw. dem Schneiden des Süß- und/oder Sauer- und/oder Seegrases und/oder der Algen vor der Weiterverarbeitung, insbesondere vor dem Suspendieren im Wasser, sollte diese Kürzung derart ausgeführt werden, dass die Länge des Grases schwerpunktmäßig ca. 20 cm, insbesondere 10 cm beträgt und bevorzugt zwischen 100 mm und 0,1 mm, besonders bevorzugt zwischen 50 mm und 1 mm und insbesondere zwischen 10 mm und 1 mm liegt.With regard to the reduction or cutting of the sweet and / or sour and / or seagrass and / or the algae before further processing, in particular before suspending in water, this reduction should be carried out in such a way that the length of the grass is predominantly approx. 20 cm, in particular 10 cm and preferably between 100 mm and 0.1 mm, more preferably between 50 mm and 1 mm and in particular between 10 mm and 1 mm.

Ferner liegt es auch im Sinn des vorliegenden Verfahrens, dass insbesondere das Süß-, Sauer-, Seegras und/oder die Algen (einzeln oder in Kombination) vor dem Schneiden bzw. Weiterverarbeiten auf eine vorgegebene Länge mechanisch gereinigt wird, insbesondere mit Luft und/oder Wasser gereinigt bzw. gewaschen wird.Furthermore, it is also within the meaning of the present method that especially the fresh, sour, seagrass and / or algae (individually or in combination) are mechanically cleaned before cutting or further processing to a predetermined length, in particular with air and / or or water is cleaned or washed.

Die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung wird auch durch die Verwendung der zuvor beschriebenen Faserstoffzusammensetzung zur Erzeugung von Papier, Pappe, Karton, Druckträgern, Isolier- oder Dämmmaterial, Faserplatten, Füllmaterial, Kombinationen hiervon und dergleichen gelöst.The object of the present invention is also achieved by the use of the above-described pulp composition for producing paper, paperboard, cardboard, printing substrates, insulating or insulating material, fiberboard, filling material, combinations thereof, and the like.

Weitere Aspekte der Erfindung, ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden detaillierten Beschreibung einer möglichen Ausführungsform der Erfindung in Verbindung mit der Zeichnung, sowie den Ansprüchen. Es wird darauf hingewiesen, dass durch dieses Beispiel Abwandlungen beziehungsweise Ergänzungen wie sie sich für den Fachmann unmittelbar ergeben mit umfasst sind. Darüber hinaus stellen die bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiele keine Beschränkung der Erfindung dar, so dass auch Abwandlungen und Ergänzungen im Umfang der vorliegenden Erfindung liegen.Further aspects of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of a possible embodiment of the invention in conjunction with the drawings, as well as the claims. It should be noted that by this example modifications or additions as they apply to the Persons skilled in the art are directly involved. Moreover, the preferred embodiments do not constitute a limitation of the invention, so that modifications and additions are also within the scope of the present invention.

Dabei zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 schematische Darstellung zu den Variablen bei der Produktion von grashaltigen Produkte. Hierbei wird gezeigt, wie die Faserstoffzusammensetzung in ihren Variationsmöglichkeiten u.a. Einfluss auf die Opazität und damit auch die Einstufung in Produktgruppen, z.B. Kartonage - sehr Opak - viel Grasanteil nimmt. In dem hier dargestellten Beispiel, kann die Faserstoffzusammensetzung aus Zellstoff, Grasfasern (Gras), Altpapier und Stoffresten bestehen, die in unterschiedlichen Anteilen der Faserstoffzusammensetzung beigefügt werden. Ferner wird gezeigt, dass sowohl die Zeit, die Wassermenge, als auch die Wassertemperatur bei der Verarbeitung des Faserstoffes unmittelbaren Einfluss auf die Eigenschaften, insbesondere die Opazität der Faserstoffzusammensetzung haben. Die ggf. wesentliche Veränderung findet bei der Mahlung statt, wobei die Verarbeitungszeit bei der Mahlung mit der Zunahme des Süß- und/oder Sauergrasanteils zunimmt. Unter dem Bereich der Produkte sind schematisch verschiedene Gruppen aufgeführt, die durch das jeweilige Anforderungsprofil der jeweiligen Anwendung und Weiterverarbeitung bestimmt werden.
Showing:
  • Fig. 1 schematic representation of the variables in the production of grass-containing products. It shows how the pulp composition influences its opacity and thus its classification into product groups, eg cardboard - very opaque - a lot of grass. In the example shown here, the pulp composition may consist of pulp, grass fibers (grass), waste paper and fabric remnants which are added in different proportions to the pulp composition. Furthermore, it is shown that both the time, the amount of water, and the water temperature in the processing of the pulp have a direct influence on the properties, in particular the opacity of the pulp composition. The possibly significant change takes place during the grinding, wherein the processing time increases during grinding with the increase of the sweet and / or sour grass proportion. Below the range of the products are schematically listed different groups, which are determined by the respective requirements profile of the respective application and further processing.

Für die Herstellung des Graspapiers kann beispielsweise herkömmliche Wiese, Rasen (Sportrasen, private Haushalte, Städte und Gemeinden) - in Folge nur Gras genannt- genutzt werden. Einsetzbar sind hierbei eine Vielzahl von Gräser der Ordnung "süßgrasartige" (Poales) oder "sauergrasartige" (Cyperaceae), wobei bei der Unterfamilie Cyperoidorae wie z.B. Zypergräser und Papyrus gewisse Einschränkungen gelten können. Bei diesen Gräsern müsste eine zusätzliche Schälung zur Weiterverarbeitung erfolgen. Dieses wäre evtl. (Energie) aufwendig.For the production of the grass paper, for example, conventional lawns, lawns (sports lawns, private households, towns and municipalities) - in the following only called grass - can be used. It can be used here a variety of grasses of the order "sweet grass" (Poales) or "sour grass" (Cyperaceae), wherein in the subfamily Cyperoidorae such. Zypergräser and papyrus may be subject to certain restrictions. For these grasses, additional peeling would be required for further processing. This might be (energy) consuming.

Beim Einsetzen des ordinären Wiesengrases können unproblematisch die auf Wiesen vorhandenen Blätter mit verarbeitet werden. Für die bessere Weiterverarbeitung, Lagerung und effizienteren Transport kann das Gras getrocknet (Heu) von Fremdstoffen befreit und zerkleinert werden. Auch eine Komprimierung, wie z.B. Pelletierung kann hierbei nützlich sein. Das Gras wird in Folge ohne zusätzliche Verarbeitung im Mischungsverhältnis von beispielsweise 10 % in eine Stoffsuspension beigegeben, oder in Wasser vorgelegt. Die weiteren Zusätze können Zellstoffe aus Frischfasern sein oder aber auch Sekundärfasern wie zum Beispiel Lumpen oder Altpapier. Diese Zusätze können auch kombiniert werden.When inserting the ordinary meadow grass can be processed easily on existing leaves on meadows. For better processing, storage and more efficient transport, the grass can be dried (hay) freed from foreign matter and crushed. A compression, such as pelleting can be useful here. The grass is in a row without added additional processing in a mixing ratio of, for example, 10% in a stock suspension, or presented in water. The other additives may be pulps of virgin fibers or else secondary fibers such as rags or waste paper. These additives can also be combined.

Das Verhältnis der Faserstoffkomponenten kann bis auf 99 % Grasfaseranteil erhöht werden. Je höher der Grasanteil ist, um so geringer ist wohl der Energieaufwand bei der Herstellung des Rohstoffes im Vergleich zum herkömmlichen Papier. U.a. durch die natürliche Farbe des Grases erreicht das Material eine hohe Opazität. Durch die hohe Opazität kann der Nutzer des Papiers leichtere Grammaturen einsetzen ohne ein Durchscheinen zu gestatten. Um eine hohe eine Einsatzmöglichkeit zu gewährleisten, kann dem Material wahlweise z. B. über den Strich, die Masse oder bei der Leimung Farbigkeit zugeführt werden. Dadurch kann ein marktgerechter Weißanteil erlangt werden. Durch Einsatz des Kalanders kann wahlweise die Oberfläche zusätzlich geglättet werden.The ratio of pulp components can be increased up to 99% grass fiber content. The higher the amount of grass, the less energy is required to produce the raw material compared to conventional paper. Et al the natural color of the grass gives the material a high opacity. Due to the high opacity, the user of the paper can use lighter grammages without allowing a shine through. In order to ensure a high a possible use, the material can optionally z. B. on the line, the mass or when sizing colored. As a result, a fair share of white can be obtained. By using the calender, the surface can be additionally smoothed.

Versuch 1:Trial 1:

Bei dieser Testreihe wurde trockenes Heu mit einem Trockengehalt zwischen 75 und 85 % genutzt. Dieses wurde grob gereinigt, damit es von Fremdstoffen wie z.B. Erde befreit ist. Anschließend wurde es auf eine drittel Länge (ca. 20 cm) gekürzt und dann mit ca. 15 Grad warmen Wasser ausgewaschen und in einem Filter ausgewrungen. Diese Prozedur wurde 3 x wiederholt und jeweils wurde eine Menge an Grünverfärbung ausgewaschen. Das entsprechend gereinigte Heu wurde im noch feuchten Zustand in einen Holländer gegeben. Hinzu kamen noch Frischfaserzellstoff, Altpapier (120g/qm Naturpapier mit 1,9-fachem Volumen) und ein Hilfsmittel. Bei einer 2. Charge wurde zusätzlich noch Füllstoff zugefügt, um zu sehen welchen Einfluss dieser auf die Oberfläche und den Weißgrad hat. Nach zweiundzwanzig minütiger Suspendierung im Holländer wurde die Stoffaufbereitung abgeschlossen und Testbögen hergestellt. Mit diesen Bögen wurden Drucktest vorgenommen, um zu überprüfen, ob der ggf. fehlende Weißgrad zum Beispiel mittels einer Offsetbedruckung in Weiß verbessert werden kann. Auch dies war erfolgreich.Dry hay with a dry content between 75 and 85% was used in this test series. This was roughly cleaned to be free of foreign matter such as e.g. Earth is free. Then it was shortened to one third of its length (about 20 cm) and then washed with about 15 degrees warm water and wrung out in a filter. This procedure was repeated 3 times and each time a lot of green discoloration was washed out. The appropriately cleaned hay was added to a Dutchman while still wet. Added to this were fresh fiber pulp, waste paper (120g / sqm natural paper with 1.9 times volume) and auxiliaries. In a second batch filler was also added to see what impact this has on the surface and whiteness. After twenty-two minutes of suspension in the Dutch, the stock preparation was completed and test sheets were produced. Printing tests were carried out with these sheets in order to check whether the possibly missing whiteness can be improved, for example by means of offset printing in white. This too was successful.

Versuch 2:Trial 2:

Bei dieser Testreihe wurde trockenes Heu aus Wiesengras verwendet. Dieses wurde mit Luft gereinigt und damit von Fremdstoffen wie z.B. Erde und Staub befreit und anschließend mittels eines Schneidaggregats auf ca. ein Zehntel seiner Länge (ca. 6 cm) reduziert. Dieses gekürzte Heu wurde im noch trockenen Zustand in einen Holländer gegeben. Hinzu kamen Frischfaserzellstoff, Altpapier und zwei unterschiedliche Hilfsmittel, um u.a. eine bessere Oberfläche zu erhalten. Nach ca. 30 minütiger Suspendierung wurde die Stoffaufbereitung abgeschlossen. Mittels eines Rundsiebes wurden ca. 70 x 100 cm große Bögen hergestellt. Diese Bögen wurden jeweils auf einem Filz über die Trockenzylinder transportiert und auf ca. 35 % Restfeuchte getrocknet. Bei diesem Test hatte das so erzeugte Papier eine Grammatur von ca. 200 g/qm bzw. ca. 110 g/qm. Das Volumen lag bei ca. 1,3 g/cm3. Das so erzeugte Papier zeigt auf der Ober- und Unterseite unterschiedliche Glättewerte, wobei die Siebseite glatter war als die Oberseite. Auch bei diesem maschinell hergestellten Material wurde ein Drucktest auf einer 4-farbigen Offsetdruckmaschine vorgenommen. Getestet wurde hier ein 4-farbiges Motiv , einmal mit vorherigem Auftragen von Offset-Druckweiß und einmal ohne. Beide Varianten waren absolut erfolgreich.Dry hay from meadow grass was used in this test series. This was cleaned with air and thus freed of foreign matter such as soil and dust and then reduced by means of a cutting unit to about one-tenth of its length (about 6 cm). This shortened hay was given to a Dutchman while still dry. Added to this were fresh fiber pulp, waste paper and two different auxiliaries in order, among other things, to obtain a better surface. After about 30 minutes of suspension, the stock preparation was completed. By means of a round sieve, sheets of about 70 x 100 cm were produced. These sheets were each transported on a felt on the drying cylinder and dried to about 35% residual moisture. In this test, the paper thus produced had a grammage of about 200 g / sqm or about 110 g / sqm. The volume was about 1.3 g / cm 3 . The paper thus produced shows different smoothness values on the top and bottom, the screen side being smoother than the top. Even with this machine-made material, a printing test was carried out on a 4-color offset printing machine. A 4-color motif was tested here, once with the prior application of offset printing white and once without. Both variants were absolutely successful.

Versuch 3:Trial 3:

Um eine gleichmäßig gute Glättung zu erhalten wurde ein weiterer Test vorgenommen. Das Papier aus dem Versuch 2 wurde mit einer Restfeuchte von ca. 40 % kalandriert, wobei der Kalander nur mit dem Druck des Eigengewichts der Zylinder arbeitet. Das Papier hat nach dieser Bearbeitung nur noch ein Volumen von ca. 1,1 g/cm3. Bei dieser Testreihe wurden Papier im Gewicht von ca. 90 g/qm und 120 g/qm hergestellt. Um weiter Verarbeitungsvarianten zu überprüfen wurden Drucktests mittels einem Digitaldrucker (OKI C 3200), einem Laserprinter von HP und einem Brother Tintenstrahldrucker und ein Stanz- und Nuttest über einen Planotigel erfolgreich absolviert.In order to obtain a uniformly good smoothing another test was made. The paper from experiment 2 was calendered with a residual moisture content of about 40%, whereby the calender works only with the pressure of the own weight of the cylinders. The paper has after this processing only a volume of about 1.1 g / cm 3 . In this test series, paper weighing approx. 90 gsm and 120 gsm was produced. To test further processing variants, printing tests were successfully completed using a digital printer (OKI C 3200), a laser printer from HP and a Brother inkjet printer, and a punching and slotting test using a Planotigel.

In den Tabelle 1 und 2 sind die Eigenschaftskennwerte der Papiere aus den Versuchen 2 und 3 gegenüber gestellt. Dabei beziehen sich die Werte zur Probe 1 aus dem Versuch 2 und die zur Probe 2 aus dem Versuch 3. Neben den absoluten Werten sind in der Tabelle 1 auch die Veränderungen der Eigenschaftskennwerte benannt, wobei erwartungsgemäß durch das Kalandrieren die Dicke und die Luftdurchlässigkeit des Papiers abnehmen und bis auf die Bruchkraft quer alle anderen Werte tendenziell, in Bezug auf die Dehnung sogar signifikant zunehmen.In Tables 1 and 2, the property characteristics of the papers from Experiments 2 and 3 are compared. In this case, the values for sample 1 from experiment 2 and those for sample 2 from experiment 3. In addition to the absolute values, the changes in the characteristic values are also given in table 1, the calendering being expected to indicate the thickness and The air permeability of the paper decrease and, apart from the breaking force, all other values tend to increase transversely, and even significantly increase in terms of elongation.

Tabelle 2 zeigt die optischen Messwerte der beiden untersuchten Papiere, wobei neben der deutlichen Färbung auch der sehr hohe Opazitätswert von nahe 100% zu erkennen ist.Table 2 shows the optical measurement values of the two papers examined, whereby, in addition to the clear coloration, the very high opacity value of close to 100% can be recognized.

Die Messwerte wurden bei Normklima 23°C und 50% Luftfeuchtigkeit wie folgt ermittelt:

  • Luftdurchlässigkeit nach Bendtsen: DIN-53108 (Prüfung von Papier), Messgerät: Gockel & Co. - Modell6, Prüffläche: 31,5 mm bei einem Messkopfgewicht von 267 g, Messwert:ml Luftmenge pro Minute, Messeinstellung: Überdruck von 1,5 kPa (Manostat 150 mm);
  • Weiterreißarbeit Brecht-Imset: DIN 53115), Messgerät:Karl Frank, Messwert: Weiterreißarbeit in mJ/N;
  • Bruchlast und Dehnung: ISO 527-1, 100 mm Einspannlänge bei 10 mm/min Dehngeschwindigkeit Messgerät: Zwick/Roell ZMART.PRO Messwert: Bruchlast in N und Dehnung in % (bezogen auf 100 mm), E-Modul im reversiblen Bereich [N/mm2];
  • Flächengewicht [g/m2] gemäß ISO 536, Messwert: Gewicht eines DIN-A4 Blattes bestimmt, Fläche eines DIN A4 Blattes bestimmen;
  • Dicke in µm gemäß ISO 534, Messgerät: Firma Lehmann LDAL-03, Messwert: Dicke in µm.
The measured values were determined under standard conditions of 23 ° C and 50% relative humidity as follows:
  • Air permeability according to Bendtsen: DIN-53108 (testing of paper), measuring device: Gockel & Co. - Model 6, test area: 31.5 mm with a measuring head weight of 267 g, measured value: ml air volume per minute, measuring setting: overpressure of 1.5 kPa (Manostat 150 mm);
  • Tear propagation Brecht-Imset: DIN 53115), measuring instrument: Karl Frank, measured value: tear propagation in mJ / N;
  • Breaking load and elongation: ISO 527-1, 100 mm clamping length at 10 mm / min strain rate Measuring instrument: Zwick / Roell ZMART.PRO Measured value: breaking load in N and elongation in% (referred to 100 mm), modulus of elasticity in reversible range [N / mm 2 ];
  • Basis weight [g / m 2 ] according to ISO 536, measured value: weight of a DIN A4 sheet determined, area of a DIN A4 sheet determine;
  • Thickness in μm according to ISO 534, measuring instrument: Lehmann LDAL-03, measured value: thickness in μm.

Versuch 4:Trial 4:

In einem weiteren Versuch wurde die Anwendbarkeit des Faserstoffsystems für den Einsatz bei Magazinpapier und Wellenpapier untersucht. Mittels dieser Versuche auf einer Papiermaschine wurde die prinzipielle Machbarkeit der Verwendung von Gras in den genannten Qualitäten demonstriert. Für weitere Verarbeitungs- und Veredelungsversuche wurden für jede Papierqualität drei Rollen mit unterschiedlichen Grammaturen mit je ca. 100 m gefertigt.In a further experiment, the applicability of the pulp system for use with magazine paper and wave paper was examined. By means of these tests on a paper machine, the basic feasibility of using grass in the mentioned qualities was demonstrated. For further processing and finishing trials, three rolls with different grammages of approx. 100 m each were produced for each paper grade.

Faserstoffeinsatz Magazinpapier: 14% Langfaser (Kiefer / Fichte) / Stendal ECF (Mercer), 33% Kurzfaser (Eukalyptus) / Cenibra, 3% CTMP (Fichte/Kiefer) / Waggeryd CTMP, 50% Gras. Dabei handelt es sich bei dem Gras um süddeutsches Wiesengras, dass konventionell für den Futtermitteleinsatz geschnitten und an der Luft auf ca. 8 % Restfeuchte getrocknet wurde.Pulp use Magazine paper: 14% long fiber (pine / spruce) / Stendal ECF (Mercer), 33% short fiber (eucalyptus) / Cenibra, 3% CTMP (spruce / pine) / Waggeryd CTMP, 50% grass. The grass is southern German meadow grass that was cut conventionally for feed use and dried in the air to approx. 8% residual moisture.

Additive (bezogen auf Faserstoff): 1 % Stärke / Cargill 35844, 0,8% AKD / Akzo Nobel EKA DR 28 HF (0,5% bei den Versuchen 6 - 10), 0,025% PAM / BASF - Percol 540Additives (based on pulp): 1% starch / Cargill 35844, 0.8% AKD / Akzo Nobel EKA DR 28 HF (0.5% in Runs 6 - 10), 0.025% PAM / BASF - Percol 540

Stoffaufbereitung: Die Zerfaserung erfolgte bei einer Stoffdichte von 5%, einer Drehzahl des Pulpers von 990 rpm über einer Zeit von 15 Minuten. Die Mahlung erfolgte bei einer Stoffdichte von 4%, einem Schnittwinkel von 60°, einer Kantenlast von 0,7 Ws/m und einer Mahlenergie von 150 kWh/t. Der erzielte Entwässerungswiderstand lag nach der Mahlung bei einem SR Wert 32°.Stock preparation: The defibration was carried out at a consistency of 5%, a speed of the pulper of 990 rpm over a period of 15 minutes. The grinding was carried out at a consistency of 4%, a cutting angle of 60 °, an edge load of 0.7 Ws / m and a grinding energy of 150 kWh / t. The dewatering resistance achieved after grinding was 32 ° SR.

Faserstoffeinsatz: Wellenpapier aus ca. 50% AP Sorte 1.02 / 50% AP Sorte 1.04, 50 % Gras. Auch hier handelt es sich bei dem eingesetzten Gras um süddeutsches Wiesengras, dass konventionell für den Futtermitteleinsatz geschnitten und an der Luft auf ca. 8 % Restfeuchte getrocknet wurde.Fiber material: Wave paper from approx. 50% AP grade 1.02 / 50% AP variety 1.04, 50% grass. Here, too, the grass used is southern German meadow grass that was cut conventionally for feed use and dried in the air to a residual moisture content of around 8%.

Additive (bezogen auf Faserstoff): 1% Stärke / Cargill 35844, 0,025% PAM / BASF - Percol 540Additives (based on pulp): 1% starch / Cargill 35844, 0.025% PAM / BASF - Percol 540

Stoffaufbereitung: Die Zerfaserung erfolgte bei einer Stoffdichte von 5%, einer Drehzahl des Pulpers von 990 rpm über einer Zeit von 15 Minuten.Stock preparation: The defibration was carried out at a consistency of 5%, a speed of the pulper of 990 rpm over a period of 15 minutes.

Darüberhinaus wurde das in den oben genannten Stoffzusammensetzung verwendete Gras wie folgt aufbereitet:Moreover, the grass used in the above composition was prepared as follows:

Die Zerfaserung des Grases erfolgte bei einer Stoffdichte von 10%, einer Drehzahl des Pulpers von 990 rpm über eine Zeitdauer von 20 Minuten. Im Anschluss erfolgte eine Entstippung bei einer Drehzahl von 2200 rpm über die Zeitdauer von 5 Minuten. Die Mahlung des Grases erfolgte bei einer Stoffdichte von 8%, einem Schnittwinkel von 60°, einer Kantenlast von 0,7 Ws/m und einer Mahlenergie von 25 kWh/t. Hiernach wies der Grasfaserstoff einen Entwässerungswiderstand gemessen als SR Wert von 52° auf.The defibration of the grass was carried out at a consistency of 10%, a speed of the pulper of 990 rpm over a period of 20 minutes. This was followed by deflaking at a speed of 2200 rpm over a period of 5 minutes. Grinding of the grass was carried out at a consistency of 8%, a cutting angle of 60 °, an edge load of 0.7 Ws / m and a grinding energy of 25 kWh / t. After that, the grass pulp had a drainage resistance measured as SR value of 52 °.

In Figur 2 ist die Faserlängenverteilung in Faserlängenklassen der in diesem Versuch eingesetzten Stoffsysteme wiedergegeben und in Vergleich zu anderen, gängigen Faserstoffsystemen dargestellt. Auf der x-Achse sind hierbei die Faserlängenklassen - längengewichte und auf der y-Achse der prozentuale Anteil in der Faserlängenklasse aufgetragen. Der Verlauf 1 zeigt die Faserlängenverteilung von Stroh nach Zerfaserung, 2 von Stroh nach 5 min Entstippung, 3 Kurzfaserzellstoff Eukalyptus, 4 Gras mit einem Entwässerungswiderstand von 52°SR und 5 Gras mit einem Entwässerungswiderstand von 49°SR.In FIG. 2 the fiber length distribution in fiber length classes of the material systems used in this experiment is reproduced and compared with other, common pulp systems. The fiber length classes - length weights and the y-axis the percentage in the fiber length class are plotted on the x-axis. The course 1 shows the fiber length distribution of straw after defibration, 2 of straw after 5 min defibration, 3 short fiber pulp eucalyptus, 4 grass with a drainage resistance of 52 ° SR and 5 grass with a drainage resistance of 49 ° SR.

Hierbei zeigt sich, dass die beiden verwendeten Grasfaserstoffe 4 und 5 eine im Vergleich zu den anderen Faserstoffsystemen homogenere Faserlängenverteilung haben, da die Schwerpunkte in den Längenklassen 0,2-0,5 mm bzw. 0,5-1,2 mm nicht so stark ausgeprägt sind.This shows that the two grass fibers 4 and 5 used have a more homogeneous fiber length distribution compared to the other fiber systems, since the centers of gravity in the length classes 0.2-0.5 mm and 0.5-1.2 mm are not as strong are pronounced.

Aus den entsprechenden Stoffsystemen wurden Papierrollen bzw. Papierbogen mit unterschiedlichen Grammaturen zwischen 40 g/m2 und 80 g/m2 für das Magazinpapier und zwischen 90 g/m2 und 250 g/m2 für den Wellpappenliner unter vergleichbaren Bedingungen hergestellt.Paper rolls or paper sheets having different grammages between 40 g / m 2 and 80 g / m 2 for the magazine paper and between 90 g / m 2 and 250 g / m 2 for the corrugated cardboard liner under comparable conditions were produced from the corresponding material systems.

Die Figuren 3 bis 6 zeigen die Eigenschaftswerte entsprechender Magazinpapiere, welche aus dem vorgenannten Faserstoffsystem hergestellt wurden. Dabei zeigt Figur 3 für ein Zellstoff/Gras-Faserstoffsystem 31 und eine reines Zellstofffasersystem 32 die Entwicklung des spezifischen Volumens in cm3/g (y-Achse) in Abhängigkeit der flächenbezogenen Masse in g/m2 (x-Achse). Figur 4 zeigt die Bruchdehnung längs 41 und quer 42 in % (y-Achse) in Abhängigkeit der flächenbezogenen Masse in g/m2 (x-Achse), Figur 5 den Zugfestigkeitsindex längs 51 und quer 52 in Nm/g (y-Achse) in Abhängigkeit der flächenbezogenen Masse in g/m2 (x-Achse) und Figur 6 das Arbeitsaufnahmevermögen längs 41 und quer 42 in J/g (y-Achse) in Abhängigkeit der flächenbezogenen Masse in g/m2 (x-Achse).The FIGS. 3 to 6 show the property values of corresponding magazine papers, which were made from the aforementioned pulp system. It shows FIG. 3 for a pulp / grass pulp system 31 and a pure pulp fiber system 32 the evolution of the specific volume in cm 3 / g (y-axis) as a function of the mass per unit area in g / m 2 (x-axis). FIG. 4 shows the elongation at break along 41 and across 42 in% (y-axis) as a function of the area-related mass in g / m 2 (x-axis), FIG. 5 the tensile index along 51 and transverse 52 in Nm / g (y-axis) as a function of the basis weight in g / m 2 (x-axis) and FIG. 6 the working capacity along 41 and transverse 42 in J / g (y-axis) as a function of the mass per unit area in g / m 2 (x-axis).

Die Figuren 7 bis 9 zeigen die Eigenschaftswerte entsprechender Wellenpappenliner, welche aus dem vorgenannten Faserstoffsystem hergestellt wurden. Dabei zeigt Figur 7 für ein Liner/Gras-Faserstoffsystem 71 und ein reines Linerfaserstoffsystem 72 die Entwicklung des spezifischen Volumens in cm3/g (y-Achse) in Abhängigkeit der flächenbezogenen Masse in g/m2 (x-Achse). Figur 8 zeigt den Berstwiderstand (nach Mullen) in kPa (y-Achse) in Abhängigkeit der flächenbezogenen Masse in g/m2 (x-Achse) und Figur 9 der Streifenstauchwiderstand längs 91 und quer 92 in kN/m (y-Achse) in Abhängigkeit der flächenbezogenen Masse in g/m2 (x-Achse).The FIGS. 7 to 9 show the property values of corresponding corrugated cardboard liners made from the aforementioned pulp system. It shows FIG. 7 for a liner / grass pulp system 71 and a virgin liner pulp system 72, the evolution of the specific volume in cm 3 / g (y-axis) as a function of basis weight in g / m 2 (x-axis). FIG. 8 shows the bursting resistance (according to Mullen) in kPa (y-axis) as a function of the mass per unit area in g / m 2 (x-axis) and FIG. 9 the strip crush resistance along 91 and transverse 92 in kN / m (y-axis) as a function of the area-related mass in g / m 2 (x-axis).

Die Ergebnisse der Faserlängenuntersuchung und der Faserlängenverteilung zeigen eine Ähnlichkeit mit Faserstoff wie zum Beispiel Faserstoffsysteme aus Stroh. Der Faserstoff hat einen verhältnismäßig großen Faserdurchmesser und eine hohe Faserwandstärke. Insbesondere bei niedrigem Flächengewicht wirkt sich dies erhöhend auf das Volumen des Papiers aus. Die Zugfestigkeit für Magazinpapier liegt in etwa auf dem Niveau eines holzfreien, ungestrichenen Papieres aus 100 % Kurzfaserzellstoff mit ca. 20 % Füllstoff. Die gemessenen Festigkeiten beim Liner liegen ebenso auf einem guten Grundniveau, wobei sich das höhere Volumen vorteilhaft auf Steifigkeitseigenschaften auswirkt.The results of the fiber length investigation and the fiber length distribution show a similarity with pulp such as fiber pulp systems from straw. The pulp has a relatively large fiber diameter and a high fiber wall thickness. Especially at low basis weight, this has an increasing effect on the volume of the paper. The tensile strength for magazine paper is approximately at the level of a wood-free, uncoated paper made of 100% short fiber pulp with about 20% filler. The measured strengths of the liner are also at a good base level, with the higher volume having an advantageous effect on stiffness properties.

Claims (4)

  1. Method for producing a fibrous material composition comprising the steps:
    a) harvesting sweet grass and/or sedge and/or seagrass and/or algae;
    b) cleaning the sweet grass and/or sedge and/or seagrass and/or algae, individually or in combination, mechanically or washing with air and/or water;
    c) cutting the sweet grass and/or sedge and/or seagrass and/or algae to a predefined length between 100 mm and 0.1 mm;
    d) fibrillating grinding of the sweet grass and/or sedge and/or seagrass and/or algae;
    e) optionally at least partially drying the sweet grass and/or sedge and/or seagrass and/or algae, individually or in combination;
    f) pelleting the sweet grass and/or sedge and/or seagrass and/or algae, individually or in combination;
    g) suspending the sweet grass and/or sedge and/or seagrass and/or algae in water;
    h) adding predefined fractions of fresh fibres and/or waste paper and/or adjuvants to the suspension.
  2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the fibrous material is ground, in particular ground in a cutting and/or fibrillating manner, before or after the addition of fresh fibres and/or waste paper.
  3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that
    the sweet grass, sedge, seagrass and/or algae is cut individually or in combination to a length between 50 mm and 1 mm and in particular to a length between 10 mm and 1 mm.
  4. Use of the fibrous material according to any one of claims 1 to 3 or a fibrous material composition which has been produced according to any one of claims 1 to 3 to produce paper, board, card, print substrates, isolating or insulating material, fibre boards, filler material, combinations thereof and the like.
EP13714563.7A 2012-03-13 2013-03-11 Fibrous composition Active EP2825699B1 (en)

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DE201210107193 DE102012107193A1 (en) 2012-03-13 2012-08-06 Grass paper, which ensures good printing, comprises grass- or meadow section in pulp
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