EP2812629B1 - Reflector emitter - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a reflector emitter, which serves to generate a beam directed in a main emission direction, with a combined reflector. This is composed of two or more mirrored Rotationsellipsoidenabschnitt and a central concave mirror. Each ellipsoid of revolution is formed of an ellipsoid of revolution cut in a longitudinal plane passing through both foci and in a cross-sectional plane perpendicular thereto between its center and one of its foci. The one focal point is inside and the other focus outside each Rotationsellipsoidenabschnitts. The concave mirror is formed from a hollow body having at least one focal point and cut in a sectional plane. Rotationsellipsoidenabschnitte and concave mirrors each have an opening which are arranged opposite to each other. The outlying focal points of the Rotationsellipsoidenabschnitte and the focal point of the concave mirror coincide. The ellipsoidal rotation sections are arranged uniformly around the central concave mirror. Furthermore, the reflector radiator comprises an aperture arranged opposite the concave mirror on the side of the ellipsoidal ellipsoidal sections, at least two, each within the ellipsoidal elliptical section lying focal point arranged radiation sources with known radiation characteristics and other internal Verspiegelungen.

Such reflector emitters have a particularly high light output or low losses due to scattering. All rays that emanate from the radiation source and hit the mirrored ellipsoidal section are reflected in the second focal point of the ellipsoid of revolution and thus in the focal point of the concave mirror. The concave mirror reflects the light in a collimated beam in the main emission direction through the aperture. Already with a light source beam collimation can lead to an increase in intensity. In particular, with such reflector radiators, the light from a plurality of generally less faint radiation sources can be bundled into a single strong beam. Such arrangements can be used for applications in which a high light output at given radiation angles is advantageous.

State of the art

The US 2005/0094402 A1 discloses a usable as a car headlamp reflector emitter, in which a mirror in the form of a Rotationsellipsoidenabschnitts with a radiation source in the one existing focal point behind another concave mirror, which is designed as a paraboloid portion, is arranged, that the focal points of the ellipsoidal and Paraboloidenabschnitts in a common plane lie perpendicular to the center line of the ellipsoidal rotation section. As a result, all the rays of the radiation source are reflected by the ellipsoid of revolution in the paraboloid portion, which is formed from a paraboloid of revolution by cutting off its closed end, so that two parallel openings result. By arranging another plane mirror in the central axis of the paraboloid portion, a number of rays are emitted from the non-punctiform but longitudinally extended radiation source in addition reflected in the upper part of the paraboloidal section and reinforce the desired in motor vehicles low beam effect by the main beam is directed slightly down to the road. However, this form of headlamp produces a circular dark zone in the center of the beam from the diameter of the cut end of the paraboloidal section and thus does not have uniform illumination despite the diffusion increasing with distance.

Out JP 2003065805 A is a reflector reflector of similar construction with at least two radiation sources, a plurality of the radiation sources associated Rotationsellipsoidenabschnitten and a central concave mirror is known in which the central concave mirror is formed from a convex paraboloidal section. Thus, the opening of the concave mirror away from the aperture. In particular, at the apex of the paraboloidal section opposite the aperture, difficult reflection conditions result due to the only virtual focal point within the paraboloidal segment. A radiation in the desired main emission is difficult to implement here. Furthermore, the central concave mirror can only be designed as a paraboloid with a single focal point, since, when using an ellipsoidal contour, the rays would diverge from the second virtual focal point into the ellipsoid of revolution. Furthermore, the radiation sources are arranged tilted on a truncated cone and thus to the concave mirror. However, the tilting point away from the virtual focal point of the convex concave mirror, resulting in a dull tilt angle of over 180 °. A tilting of the Rotationsellipsoidenabschnitte or their longitudinal planes with respect to the sectional plane of the paraboloidal concave mirror is not taught. Likewise, all components of the reflector radiator are shown only individually and schematically, a connecting them housing, which has further Verspiegelungen is not disclosed.

From the US Pat. No. 1,935,729 is a reflector radiator with a combined reflector of a central concave mirror and several Rotationsellipsoidenabschnitten for punctiform light sources known. Each ellipsoid of revolution is cut once obliquely to its main axis. The sectional plane extends vertically between the outer edges of the aperture and the central concave mirror and results from their constructive interaction. The sectional planes of all ellipsoidal rotation segments immediately surround the collimated light beam. Because its intensity due to the reflection exclusively by however, the ellipsoidal sections of revolution are highly peripheral, an additional central light source is provided in the central concave mirror.

The closest to the invention prior art is in the DE 10 2006 044 019 A1 discloses their full disclosure in the present Invention should flow. In the known reflector emitter with the features enumerated above, however, are the longitudinal planes of the ellipsoidal elliptical sections and the sectional plane of the central concave mirror in a common ground plane, in which all the focal points of said components are. This results in a rigid constellation between the mentioned components, which does not allow an increase in efficiency by simple means. Furthermore, the curved central concave mirror is formed from any hollow body having concave mirror surfaces with at least one focal point in the sectional plane. Furthermore, the boundary surfaces of the ellipsoidal rotation sections and of the central concave mirror of the known reflector emitter can be mirrored for reflection of unused radiation not radiated into the main emission direction, but not the aperture. Thus, only the common ground plane can be mirrored. Since, however, this runs parallel to the cross-sectional plane of the aperture, such a mirroring measure does not result in any substantial increase in efficiency, since only a small part of the diverged radiation can be directed onto the aperture.

task

The object of the present invention is therefore to be seen to provide such a development of the known reflector emitter, with the efficiency in the generation of a directed in a main direction of radiation beam can be further increased by simple means. The solution according to the invention for this task can be found in the main claim. Advantageous developments of the reflector radiator according to the invention are shown in the subclaims and are explained in more detail below in connection with the invention.

The reflector radiator is inventively characterized in that the longitudinal sectional plane of the ellipsoidal rotation sections and the sectional plane of the concave mirror in dependence on the radiation characteristic of the radiation sources are arranged at the same or different tilt angle between 0 ° and 90 ° in the focal point of the concave mirror to each other. Furthermore, the aperture of a first ring reflector and the concave mirror are surrounded by a second ring reflector adjoining its cutting plane in the direction of the aperture as further inner mirroring. In this case, according to the invention, the course of the walls of the first and second annular reflector is designed so that incident beams are reflected in the main emission direction of the reflector emitter or in the region of the focal point of the concave mirror.

The inventive tilting of the ellipsoid of revolution to the concave mirror different optical characteristics of the radiation sources can be used more efficiently. In this case, the underlying radiation characteristic of the radiation source used must be taken into account for optimum adaptation. By tilting each Rotationsellipsoidenabschnitts invention the environment of the concave mirror is segmented. Each segment comprises an ellipsoidal section of revolution. In this case, the tilt angle can be the same for all Rotationsboloidenabschnitte, in particular if the associated radiation sources have the same emission characteristics. If this is not the case, each rotational ellipsoid section can be tilted at a different tilt angle to the central concave mirror. As a result of the tilting, the rays impinging on the ellipsoidal sections of revolution are projected into the central concave mirror in an angle which is much more favorable than that of an untilted arrangement. This is due to the fact that rays radiated flatly into the ellipsoidal ellipsoidal sections predominantly meet only the edge region of the central reflector in the reflection in which aberrations increase which reduce the overall efficiency of the reflector radiator. Preferably and advantageously, the tilt angle between the longitudinal sectional planes of the ellipsoidal rotation sections and the sectional plane of the concave mirror is between 20 ° and 45 °. Particularly favorable for the efficiency is a tilt angle between 25 ° and 40 °.

To further improve efficiency, the radiation sources may also be arranged inclined and preferably also inclined in the tilted spheroidal ellipsoid sections. Advantageously and preferably, therefore, the radiation sources, depending on the radiation characteristic to the sectional plane of the concave mirror at the same or different inclination angles between 0 ° and 80 °, preferably between 10 ° and 45 °, in particular be inclined by 35 °. In this case, the same inclination angle for radiation sources with the same emission characteristic and different inclination angles for radiation sources with different emission characteristics can again be selected. The said preferred tilt and tilt angles apply in particular to light-emitting diodes which are preferably and advantageously used in the invention as radiation sources with a conical emission characteristic of +/- 60 ° from the central emission axis. Otherwise optimal tilt and inclination angles as a function of the known radiation characteristic of the radiation source can be determined by a person skilled in the art by simulation calculations. In contrast to the known reflector radiator with blunt (> 90 °) angles tilted radiation sources, the radiation sources are tilted in the invention under acute (<90 °) tilt angles to the cutting plane of the concave mirror.

In the reflector emitter according to the invention, the concave mirror can be advantageously and preferably paraboloidally, spherically or ellipsoidally or formed in a linearly extended form thereof. In a spherical concave mirror, any point within the sphere but off center may be the focal point (rays passing through the center as the focal point will be reflected back). In the invention, it is determined that the focal point lies in the plane of intersection of the sphere to form the spherical shell. In the linearly extended shape, the curvatures mentioned results in a focal line as the connecting line of the focal points of the basic shape. The term "linearly extended form" is understood to mean that shaping when the paraboloidal, spherical or ellipsoidal basic shape is mentally cut open along a central axis and uniformly linear extension pieces are inserted. It results in a trough-shaped form whose curves parabolic, spherical or ellipsoidal. A central concave mirror (also with variable eccentricity in the case of paraboloidal or ellipsoidal cross-section) has various advantages with respect to the reflection behavior compared to a convex mirror, since no virtual focal points are used and thus the reflection at the mirror surface can be better adjusted. Concave mirrors can also be designed to be relatively small in space, since only small portions of the complete paraboloid, sphere or ellipsoid shape are used. Furthermore, it is possible to produce in such a concave mirror by choosing its shape as ellipsoid another focal point, which can then be placed in a convenient location. All light rays from the central concave mirror converge around this point. This is particularly advantageous for lens systems and results in parallel that only a relatively small aperture is needed. The shape of the concave mirror can in turn be selected depending on the emission characteristics of the radiation sources used, but also on the selected tilt and tilt angles. A particularly high yield results if, in the case of an ellipsoidal concave mirror, the second focal point located outside the concave mirror is preferred and advantageous within the aperture or above the aperture outside the reflector radiator. Analogously, for a linearly extended ellipsoidal concave mirror, the second focal line lying outside the concave mirror advantageously lies in the aperture, which then likewise has a linearly extended form. An optimal light output also results when the total amount of light emitted is coupled into the main emission direction of the reflector emitter. Advantageously, in the case of a paraboloidal, spherical or ellipsoidal concave mirror, a central emission axis or, in the case of an extended form thereof, a central emission surface of the concave mirror are aligned in the main emission direction. Further details on the central emission axis or the central emission surfaces of the individual curvature forms can be found in the exemplary embodiments. In the normal case, the main radiation direction of the radiation source is chosen such that it is perpendicular to the plane against which the tilting of the ellipsoid of revolution takes place. By changing the inclination angle of the radiation source can be achieved that the Main radiation cone of the radiation source to larger parts meets the correspondingly assigned Rotationsellipsoidenabschnitt and thus fewer beams must be used via other routes.

Although in the known reflector emitter inner Verspiegelungen can be provided, but these are not described further and still leave due to their possible arrangements a large part of the generated beams unused. The largest beam component leaves the reflector emitter directly from the radiation source to the aperture. Rays that deviate greatly from the main direction of radiation can hardly be used. In the reflector emitter according to the invention no beam has the opportunity to leave the reflector emitter directly from the radiation source. All possible radiation angles are covered in the invention by additional mirror surfaces, which ensure that the radiation predominantly collimates the reflector radiator and leaves it parallel in the direction of the main emission direction. It is for a first ring reflector provided surrounding the aperture. A particularly favorable coupling of hitherto unused marginal rays in the main emission direction of the reflector radiator is obtained if, preferably and advantageously, at least the first ring reflector has a paraboloidal wall profile, the focal point lying in the aperture.

In order not to leave any light beam unused, mirrored end faces of special shape in the form of the second ring reflector are integrated in the invention in the interior of the reflector radiator, which deflect a portion of these unused beams in the central concave mirror, which then couples these in the main emission. To guide the unused beams in the central concave mirror, it is particularly advantageous and preferred if the second ring reflector at least partially has a parabolic or ellipsoidal wall profile, wherein the focal point is in the range of lying within the concave mirror focal point. It may be advantageous for manufacturing reasons, if the wall course at least in sections (in particular in the field of paraboloid or ellipsoidal course) from a plurality of straight, angularly abutting surfaces is composed. With the second ring reflector with an at least partially parabolic or ellipsoidal wall profile radiation in particular for a LED beam angle of 65 ° to 70 ° can be used much better. It has already been stated above that adaptations to the emission characteristics of the radiation sources used lead to an optimized luminous efficacy. This also applies to the shaping of the second ring reflector in its course in the radial plane to the main emission direction. Therefore, the second ring reflector may have a cross-sectional profile having ellipsoidal bulges corresponding to the number of light sources present. The result is a cross-sectional course in the manner of a vielblättrigen cloverleaf. Then all the rays divergent from the radiation source are detected even if they deviate from the focal point of the central concave mirror. The embedding of the central concave mirror and the ellipsoidal rotation sections in a housing block creates a complex contouring in the interior of the reflector radiator. This makes it possible that the first and second ring reflector need not be additionally installed as separate components, but can preferably and advantageously be formed by mirrored walls in the interior of the reflector radiator. Further Verspiegelungen of inner surfaces may be additionally provided. Further details can also be found in the exemplary embodiments.

In addition to the optimization measures by tilting the reflection planes and by additional ring reflectors, the reflector emitter according to the invention can also be increased in terms of its emission efficiency by constructive optimizations. In this case, it is preferable and advantageous if the aperture is smaller than the rotational ellipse section. For example, the cross section of the aperture at the smallest point may be smaller than half the cross section of the ellipsoid of revolution, measured between the body edges. A sharply focused combined beam in the main emission direction requires only a small aperture to exit. Also, a central concave mirror with an ellipsoidal shape, the second focal point can be placed in the aperture, favors a small aperture. The advantage of a small aperture is the possibility of large-dimensioned ellipsoidal sections, which can thus project a large part of the radiation in the direction of the central concave mirror. This further increases the efficiency and the small blind spot in the center of the projection becomes smaller. By adapting the aperture diameter (smallest diameter of the paraboloidal first ring reflector) to the diameter of the second ring reflector, the efficiency can be increased even further by the maximum utilization of the central concave mirror (beam path optimization). Furthermore, the efficiency of the claimed reflector radiator also depends on the design of the ellipsoidal rotation sections. An optimization can be achieved here if the ellipsoidal rotation sections have a ratio of their small radii to their large radii in a range from 1: 1.4 to 1: 1.7, preferably with R1 = 40 mm and R2 = 28 mm. This applies in particular to a tilt angle of LEDs as a radiation source of 35 ° and a radius of the spherical concave mirror of 32.5 mm ... preferably with R1 = 40 mm and R2 = 28 mm with a model scaling factor of 2 (transmission from the model to the concrete execution). However, the radii can be chosen in wide ranges (R1 = 20 mm with R2 = 6 to 18 mm, R1 = 14 to 26 mm with R2 = 12 mm) with a model scaling factor of 1. A preferred ratio is formed with a model scaling factor of 0 , 5 to 10 and is dependent on the radiation characteristic of the radiation sources, the scaling factor of 2 is preferred.

The reflector emitter according to the invention can be used, for example, for signaling systems or for medical luminaires, as headlamps for vehicles or for off-shore systems or generally for underwater use, for example for immersion lamp heads. For such applications, a compact design with good manageability is of great advantage. Preferably, the reflector emitter according to the invention is designed in several parts, wherein in a three-part design in a shell the Rotationsellipsoidenabschnitte, the aperture and the first ring reflector, in a central part recesses for the radiation sources and the second ring reflector and in a lower part of the concave mirrors are arranged. In a two-part embodiment, middle and lower part can be combined to form a common part. Furthermore, the reflector radiator can advantageously and preferably have a cover part with a transparent cover for the aperture. For further collimation of the generated beam, it is advantageous and preferred if the transparent cover has a beam-modifying optical system, for example a Fresnel structure or plano-convex lenses with a smooth edge or concave-convex glasses. Likewise, further optical lenses may be provided for additional beam focusing. For underwater operations, it is advantageous and preferred if lid, upper, middle and lower part are pressure-tightly connected to each other, for example by screw with sealing inserts. Finally, halogen lamps, fluorescent lamps, UV lamps or light-emitting diodes (LED) can advantageously and preferably be used as radiation sources in the reflector emitter according to the invention. Thus, with the reflector emitter according to the invention, electromagnetic rays, mainly light rays, are reflected and concentrated. Light emitting diodes have a higher light output than incandescent lamps, they are less hot and have a significantly longer life. They may be formed in one or more colors and have a conical radiation characteristic of +/- 60 ° from the central emission axis. However, the luminance of the LEDs is much lower than that of incandescent lamps, and thus the use of several less faint lamps in a common reflector emitter according to the invention is established. Further details can be found in the embodiments explained below.

embodiments

Figur 1

eine perspektivische Gesamtansicht auf den Reflektorstrahler,

Figur 2A

eine Seitenansicht des Reflektorstrahlers,

Figur 2B

einen Längsschnitt durch den Reflektorstrahler,

Figur 2C

ein Detail im Bereich des zweiten Ringreflektors,

Figur 3

einen Längsschnitt durch die einzelnen Komponenten des Reflektorstrahlers in Explosionsdarstellung,

Figur 4A

eine Seitenansicht des Oberteils des Reflektorstrahlers,

Figur 4B

eine Innenansicht des Oberteils des Reflektorstrahlers,

Figur 4C

eine Draufsicht auf das Oberteil,

Figur 4D

einen Längsschnitt durch das Oberteil,

Figur 5A

eine Innenansicht des Mittelteils des Reflektorstrahlers,

Figur 5B

einen Längsschnitt durch das Mittelteil,

Figur 6A

eine Innenansicht des Unterteils des Reflektorstrahlers,

Figur 6B

einen Längsschnitt durch das Unterteil mit sphärischem Hohlspiegel,

Figur 6C

einen Längsschnitt durch das Unterteil mit paraboloidem Hohlspiegel,

Figur 6D

einen Längsschnitt durch das Unterteil mit ellipsoidem Hohlspiegel und

Figur 7

den Strahlengang im Reflektorstrahler.

Embodiments of the reflector radiator according to the invention will be explained in more detail below for further understanding of the invention with reference to the schematic figures. It shows

FIG. 1

an overall perspective view of the reflector emitter,

FIG. 2A

a side view of the reflector radiator,

FIG. 2B

a longitudinal section through the reflector radiator,

Figure 2C

a detail in the region of the second ring reflector,

FIG. 3

a longitudinal section through the individual components of the reflector radiator in exploded view,

FIG. 4A

a side view of the upper part of the reflector radiator,

FIG. 4B

an interior view of the upper part of the reflector radiator,

FIG. 4C

a top view of the top,

Figure 4D

a longitudinal section through the upper part,

FIG. 5A

an interior view of the central part of the reflector radiator,

FIG. 5B

a longitudinal section through the middle part,

FIG. 6A

an interior view of the lower part of the reflector radiator,

FIG. 6B

a longitudinal section through the lower part with a spherical concave mirror,

FIG. 6C

a longitudinal section through the lower part with paraboloidal concave mirror,

FIG. 6D

a longitudinal section through the lower part with ellipsoidal concave mirror and

FIG. 7

the beam path in the reflector radiator.

Reference signs, not shown or not explained in detail, can be found in the preceding or following figures or explanations.

The FIG. 1 shows an overall perspective view of the reflector radiator 01 according to the invention. Evident are a cover part 02 , an upper part 03, a middle part 04 and a lower part 05 of the reflector radiator 01. In the selected embodiment, five evenly around the central concave mirror arranged round ellipsoidal sections are provided, resulting in the Middle part 04 gives the pentagonal shape. In this case, the representation of five Rotationsellipsoidenabschnitten is only exemplary, equally can also be two, three, four, six, seven to n Rotationsellipsoidenabschnitte be provided, the width thereof decreases. Embodiments with five, six or seven rotational ellipsoid sections are therefore to be preferred. Shown are also openings 06 for the use of screws for connecting the individual components with each other.

In the FIG. 2A the reflector emitter 01 is shown from the side. Evident is a wavy line in the middle part 04, which is due to the gate, which produces the multi-beam symmetry. The FIG. 2B shows a longitudinal section through the reflector emitter 01 along BB according to FIG. 2A , Shown is an axial Hauptabstrahlrichtung 07 which coincides in the selected embodiment with the central axis of the reflector radiator 01 . Differently oriented main emission directions, which fall through an aperture 08 , are also readily realizable. Upper part 03, middle part 04 and lower part 05 together form a combined reflector 09. This consists in the selected embodiment of five Rotationsellipsoidenabschnitte 10, each having an opening 11 . The formation geometry of each ellipsoidal section 10 is in FIG Figure 4D demonstrated. Furthermore, the combined reflector 09 consists of a central concave mirror 12 in the lower part 05 of the reflector radiator 01st Furthermore, recesses 13 are shown in the middle part 04 with openings 06 for attachment. In the selected exemplary embodiment, a radiation source, for example an LED, is arranged in each recess 13 with a radiation direction in the direction of the rotational ellipse sections 10 . In the upper part 03 , a first ring reflector 15 with a mirrored paraboloid wall profile 34 is arranged around the aperture 09 . In the middle part 04 , a second ring reflector 16 is arranged above the cutting plane 17 of the central concave mirror 12 . At least in its upper region, the second ring reflector 16 also has an approximately at least partially paraboloidal (or even ellipsoidal) wall profile 34 , the focal point 44 being at the focal point 30 of the Concave mirror 12 or at least in its range. Both the first ring reflector 15 and the second ring reflector 16 are formed in the embodiment shown by mirrored walls 14 in the interior of the reflector radiator 01 . In the Figure 2C the wall course shown in the embodiment is shown in detail. For ease of manufacture, the course of the wall of the second ring reflector 16 is composed of a plurality of straight surfaces 18 which adjoin one another at obtuse angles (indicated by x °, y °, z °).

In the FIG. 3 is the sectional view according to FIG. 2B of the reflector radiator 01 from cover part 02, upper part 03, middle part 04 and lower part 05 shown. Evident are mirror surfaces 20 of the Rotationsellpsoidenabschnitte 10 in the upper part 03 and the recesses 13 with openings 06 in the central portion 04 of the reflector emitter 01. All the parts (not shown) by means of screw in the openings 06 with the interposition of sealing elements, in the exemplary embodiment the O-rings in grooves 47, pressure-tight interconnected. Furthermore, the first ring reflector 15 in the upper part 03 and the second ring reflector 16 in the middle part 04 above the sectional plane 17 of the central concave mirror 12 in the lower part 05 is shown. The central concave mirror 12 has an opening 19 . In the cover part 02 and in the upper part 03 are cutouts 21 for inserting a transparent cover 45 (shown in phantom) of the aperture 08 in the upper part 03rd In this case, the transparent cover 45 serves for the pressure seal and, in the selected exemplary embodiment, has a Fresnel structure 46 which additionally collimates the emitted bundled light beam.

The FIG. 4A shows the upper part 03 of the ring reflector 01 in the side view, the FIG. 4B in the interior. Clearly, the five mirror surfaces 20 of the Rotationsellpsoidenabschnitte 10 , which are arranged uniformly around the aperture 08 to recognize. The FIG. 4C shows a view of the upper part 03. In the Figure 4D is the section EE according to FIG. 4C represented by the upper part 03 . Evident is the first ring reflector 15 with the parabolic wall course. The parabola can penetrate into the aperture 08 at different depths. The vertex of the parabola has a distance y from the vertex of the rotary ellipse section 10, so that the parabola has a penetration depth z into the aperture 08. It is advantageous to place the focal point 22 of the parabola in the aperture 08 . Each rotational ellipsoid section 10 is formed from an ellipsoid of revolution 23 which is cut in a longitudinal section plane 26 extending through both focal points 24 , 25 and in a cross-sectional plane 28 extending perpendicularly between its center 27 and one of its focal points 24, 25 (preferably 25 ). The rotary ellipse section 10 has a large radius R1 and a small radius R2 . Between the center 27 and one of the focal points 24, 25 is the distance v. The longitudinal sectional plane 26 is inclined to the cutting plane 17 by n ° in the acute tilt angle 29 . The focal point 25 of the rotary ellipse section 10 is at the same time the focal point 30 of the central concave mirror 12.

The FIG. 5A shows the middle part 04 of the reflector emitter 01 in the interior view. To recognize five recesses 13 , each with two openings 06 for fixing the radiation sources. The FIG. 5B shows the section JJ according to FIG. 5A , In the embodiment shown, the recesses 13 and thus the LEDs (or other radiation sources) are m ° at an acute angle of inclination 31 in the focal point 30 of the central concave mirror 12 with respect to the cutting plane 17 (which is identical to the lower edge 32 of the central part 04 after assembly all parts) inclined. The focal point 30 is removed by the distance s from a central arrangement of the LED in the recesses 13 . The distance from the recess 13 to the tip of the LED measures the distance t .

The FIG. 6A shows an interior view of the lower part 05 of the reflector radiator 01 with the central concave mirror 12th This can be made spherical, paraboloidal or ellipsoidal in cross-section. In the FIG. 6B is a spherical concave mirror 12 with the radius R and the cutting plane 17 at R / 2 in section GG according to FIG. 6A shown. The central emission axis 33 of the spherical concave mirror 12 extends through the focal point 30 of the circle 35 and is perpendicular to the section plane 17 through the circle 35. In the illustrated embodiment, the focal point 30 is at R / 2 . It can be between 0 and R and is defined as the intersection of the cutting plane 17 with the radius R. The FIG. 6C shows the section with a paraboloidal concave mirror 12. The cutting plane 17 has the distance u from the vertex of the parabola 36. At the same time u is the distance to the focal point 30. The central emission axis 33 of the paraboloidal concave mirror 12 extends through the selected focal point 30 (intersection sectional plane 17th with radius R , for example at R / 2 ) and is perpendicular to the cutting plane 17th The FIG. 6D shows the section with an ellipsoidal concave mirror 12. The ellipse 37 has the large radius R1 and the small radius R2 . The distance of the center point 38 from the cutting plane 17 measures the distance q. The central emission axis 33 extends through the center 38 and is perpendicular to the section plane 17 and extends through the two foci 30, 39 of the ellipse 37. The central emission axis 33 is generally connected to the main emission direction 07 (cf. FIG. 2B ) , but special applications may require angle deviations (cf. FIG. 2B ).

The concave mirror 12 which can be embodied in various cross-sectional shapes is always shown in the exemplary embodiments with a circular cross-section in the other plane. Likewise, however, solid shapes of the different cross sections in the other plane are possible. The respective one-dimensional emission axis through the focal point is then expanded only to the two-dimensional emission surface with the same orientation with a corresponding focal line. At the reflection ratios in the reflector emitter 01 nothing changes. Extracted forms of the central concave mirror are particularly advantageous in the case of a larger number of radiation sources and therefore of ellipsoidal rotation sections for reasons of arrangement (compare also those closest to the invention DE 10 2006 044 019 B4 ).

In the FIG. 7 is the beam path in the reflector emitter 01 according to the invention with tilted by the tilt angle 29 Rotationsellipsoidenabschnitten 10, first ring reflector 15 and second ring reflector 16 at the section BB according to FIG. 2B shown. It can clearly be seen that no light beam emanating from the radiation source 40 leaves the reflector emitter 01 directly through the aperture 08 , so that in particular otherwise unused, diffuse marginal rays in the main emission direction 07 (cf. FIG. 2B ) are coupled. In a first emission angle region 41 , the rays are guided by the associated ellipsoidal rotation section 10 into the central concave mirror 12 and from there through the focal point 30 through the aperture 08 . In a second emission angle range 42 , the rays are guided by the first ring reflector 15 through the aperture 08 . In a third emission angle range 43 , the rays are guided by the second ring reflector 16 into the central concave mirror 12 and from there through the aperture 08 . As a result, the emission area of the radiation source 40 is utilized to at least 80%. The remaining 20% are directed as diffuse radiation through the aperture 08 and do not necessarily contribute to the main emission direction 07 . However, the data apply to a radiation source 40 with an ideal hemispherical radiation below 180 °. However, directional characteristics of conventional radiation sources, such as LEDs, are at +/- 60 ° from their main axis, so that there is a better utilization of the emitted radiation by the reflector emitter 01 according to the invention. This has a particularly high efficiency. Highly concentrated beams of high intensity can be made available for various applications with only a hand-sized dimensioning of the reflector emitter 01 according to the invention.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

01

reflector spotlight

02

cover part

03

top

04

midsection

05

lower part

06

opening

07

main radiation

08

aperture

09

combined reflector

10

Rotationsellipsoidenabschnitt

11

Opening of 10

12

central concave mirror

13

Recess for 40

14

mirrored wall of 15, 16

15

first ring reflector

16

second ring reflector

17

Cutting plane of 12

18

straight area for 16

19

Opening of 12

20

Mirror surface of 10

21

countersink

22

Focal point of 15

23

Rotationsellipsoid

24

inner focus of 10

25

outer focus of 10

26

Longitudinal section plane of 10

27

Midpoint of 23

28

Cross-sectional plane of 10

29

Tilt angle between 10 and 12

30

Focal point of 12

31

Inclination angle between 13 or 40 and 12

32

lower edge of 05

33

central emission axis of 12

34

Wall of 15, 16

35

circle

36

parabola

37

ellipse

38

Midpoint of 37

39

outer focus of 37

40

radiation source

41

first beam angle range (for 12)

42

second radiation angle range (for 15)

43

third beam angle range (for 16)

44

Focal point of 16

45

transparent cover

46

Fresnel

47

Groove (for O-ring)

Claims (17)

1. Reflector emitter (01) which generates a beam which is directed in the main emission direction (07) with

   • a combined reflector (09) comprised of

   • two or more mirror-coated rotational ellipsoid sections (10), each having an aperture (11) and being formed by an ellipsoid of rotation (23) which is cut in a longitudinal plane (26) running through both focal points (24, 25) and in a cross-sectional plane (28) perpendicular to the latter between its centre point (27) and one of its focal points (24, 25),

   • where one of the focal points (24) is inside and the other focal point (25) outside each rotational ellipsoid section (10), and

   • a central concave mirror (12) which has an aperture (19) and is formed by a hollow body (35, 36, 37) which has at least one focal point (30) and is cut in a sectional plane (17), where

   • the aperture (11) of the rotational ellipsoid sections (10) and the aperture (19) of the concave mirror (12) are arranged so as to be facing each other,

   • the outside focal points (25) of the rotational ellipsoid sections (10) and the focal point (30) of the concave mirror (12) coincide and

   • the rotational ellipsoid sections (10) are evenly distributed around the concave mirror (12),

   • an aperture (08) located opposite the concave mirror (12), on the side of the rotational ellipsoid sections (10),

   • at least two emission sources (40) with known radiation characteristic, each arranged within the focal point (24) located inside the rotational ellipsoid section (10), and with

   • further internal mirror coatings,
   wherein

   • the longitudinal planes (26) of the rotational ellipsoid sections (10) and the cross-sectional plane (17) of the concave mirror (12) are arranged at the same angle or different angles of inclination (29) between 0° and 90° to each other, depending on the radiation characteristic of the emission source (40), at the focal point (30) of the concave mirror (12), and

   • the aperture (08) is surrounded by a first annular reflector (15), and the concave mirror (12) is surrounded by a second annular reflector (16) adjoining its cross-sectional plane (17) in the direction of the aperture (08) as further inner mirror coatings,

   • where the wall curvature (34) of the first and second annular reflectors (15, 16) is formed in such a way that incident rays are reflected into the main emission direction (07) of the reflector emitter (01) or into the region of the focal point (30) of the concave mirror (12).
2. The reflector emitter (01) according to Claim 1,
   wherein
   the angle of inclination (29) between the longitudinal planes (26) of the rotational ellipsoid sections (10) and the cross-sectional plane (17) of the concave mirror (12) is between 20° and 45°, preferably between 25° and 40°.
3. The reflector emitter (01) according to Claim 1 or 2,
   wherein
   depending on the radiation characteristic, the emission sources (40) are inclined to the cross-sectional plane (17) of the concave mirror (12) at the same or different angles of inclination (31) between 0° and 80°, preferably between 10° and 45°, in particular at 35°.
4. The reflector emitter (01) according to at least one of the above Claims,
   wherein
   the concave mirror (12) has a spherical (35) form, in which case the focal point (30) lies in the cross-sectional plane (17), a paraboloid (36) or ellipsoid (37) form or an elongated form thereof, where, in the case of the elongated form, a focal line is formed by the line connecting the focal points (30).
5. The reflector emitter (01) according to Claim 4,
   wherein
   for a spherical (35), paraboloid (36) or ellipsoid (37) concave mirror (12), a central emission axis (33), or in the case of an elongated form thereof, a central emission surface of the concave mirror (12), is directed in the main emission direction (07).
6. Reflector emitter (01) according to Claim 4 or 5,
   wherein
   for an ellipsoid (37) concave mirror (12), a focal point (39) located outside the concave mirror (12), or in the case of the elongated form thereof, the focal line located outside the concave mirror (12), is located within the aperture (08) or above the aperture (08) outside the reflector emitter (01).
7. The reflector emitter (01) according to at least one of the above Claims,
   wherein
   at least the first annular reflector (15) has a paraboloid wall curvature (34), the focal point (22) being located in the aperture (08).
8. The reflector emitter (01) according to at least one of the above Claims,
   wherein
   the second annular reflector (16) has a paraboloid or ellipsoid wall curvature (34) at least in sections, the focal point (44) being located in the region of the focal point (30) of the concave mirror (12).
9. The reflector emitter (01) according to Claim 8,
   wherein
   the wall curvature (34) of the second annular reflector (16) is comprised at least in sections of several straight surfaces (18) which meet each other at an angle.
10. The reflector emitter (01) according to at least one of the above Claims,
    wherein
    the first and second annular reflectors (15, 16) are formed by mirror-coated walls (14) in the interior of the reflector emitter (01).
11. The reflector emitter (01) according to at least one of the above Claims,
    wherein
    the aperture (08) is smaller than the rotational ellipsoid section (10).
12. The reflector emitter (01) according to at least one of the above Claims,
    wherein
    the reflector emitter (01) is formed from a number of parts, a three-part embodiment having a top part (03) with the rotational ellipsoid sections (10), the aperture (08) and the first annular reflector (15); a central part (04) with recesses (13) for the emission sources (40) and the second annular reflector (16); and a bottom part (05) with the concave mirror (12).
13. The reflector emitter (01) according to at least one of the above Claims,
    wherein
    the reflector emitter (01) has a lid (02) with a transparent cover (45) for the aperture (08).
14. The reflector emitter (01) according to Claim 13,
    wherein
    the transparent cover (45) has a beam-modifying optical system, for example a Fresnel structure (46).
15. The reflector emitter (01) according to Claims 12, 13 and 14,
    wherein
    the transparent cover (45), lid, top, central and bottom parts (02, 03, 04, 05) are connected to each other so as to be pressure-tight with respect to the interior of the reflector emitter (01).
16. The reflector emitter (01) according to at least one of the above Claims,
    wherein
    the emission sources (40) consist of halogen lamps, fluorescent lamps, UV lamps or light-emitting diodes.
17. The reflector emitter (01) according to Claim 16,
    wherein
    the light-emitting diodes are monochromatic or polychromatic emission sources (40) and have a conical radiation characteristic of +/- 60° from their central emission axis.

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