DE10020348B4 - Reflector for electromagnetic radiation - Google Patents

Abstract

Reflector (1) for electromagnetic radiation, comprising:
An optical axis (4),
A reflection surface which, in a section containing the optical axis, produces an intersection curve with at least four segments (S1,..., S4), and
A first segment group comprising at least two segments (S1, S3) for the reflection of rays onto a region of a projection plane (6) perpendicular to the optical axis (4), which with respect to the intersection of the optical axis (4) and the projection plane (6) on one side of the optical axis (4), characterized by
A second segment group comprising at least two segments (S2, S4) for reflecting rays onto a region of the projection plane (6) which is at the intersection of the optical axis (4) and the projection plane (6) on the other side of the optical Axis (4) is located.

Description

background the invention

The present invention relates to an electromagnetic radiation reflector having an optical axis, a reflection surface which generates an intersection curve having at least four segments in a section containing the optical axis, and having a first segment group for reflecting rays comprising at least two segments substantially an area of a projection plane perpendicular to the optical axis, which is located on one side of the optical axis with respect to the intersection of the optical axis and the projection plane. Such a reflector is from the DE 35 07 143 C2 known. There, the reflector is divided into segments so that the points on the target plane are irradiated with light that comes from more than one segment.

The The present invention will be described below with reference to reflectors for light beams explained that for example, with flashlights, headlamps and headlamps for vehicles be used. However, it is envisaged, the invention for reflection arbitrary use electromagnetic radiation to produce a resultant reflected rays to generate comprehensive radiation field, the through position changes a corresponding radiation source substantially not affected becomes. So are the for the range of visible electromagnetic radiation (light) shown Principles of the invention for other electromagnetic radiation and also for sound (especially at Speakers) and shock waves (especially in systems / processes for the focused emission of high-energy rays / waves) applicable.

Furthermore the invention can not only for Reflectors used to emit electromagnetic radiation but also for reflectors for collecting electromagnetic radiation. In this case are those shown in the present description of the invention relationships for emitting electromagnetic radiation upon receiving to transmit such rays. For example, the dargestell th ray trajectories in their Direction to reverse and the respective radiation sources by appropriate Radiation sinking (receiver for rays) to replace, in which case z. B. a radiation measurement by means of a Detector relatively insensitive to a change in position of the detector and / or the reflector.

State of technology

at Reflectors for Electromagnetic rays normally become the reflection surface for one predetermined position of the radiation source designed so that a desired, optimal radiation field is generated when the radiation source to the predetermined position is in the reflector. Especially at reflectors for simple, electromagnetic radiation emitting devices (eg flashlights, bicycle headlamps) and reflectors, the outer (mechanical) Loads (eg vibrations) are exposed (eg aircraft and aircraft) Motorcycle headlights, searchlight on all-terrain vehicles), but can not guaranteed be that the Radiation source at the predetermined, desired position in the reflector is arranged or retains the same.

Becomes a radiation source not at the predetermined, desired Position arranged in the reflector or there is a change in position of the Radiation source z. During of operation, the resulting radiation field may change. As below using the example of a conventional one Reflectors represented by a conic curve, such position changes a source of radiation significantly worsened resulting Radiation field cause as well as a correction of the position of the Radiation source (eg by maintenance / replacement of corresponding components) make necessary.

1A shows a longitudinal section through a parabolic reflector 1 in the direction of an optical axis 4 thereof. At a predetermined position 2 , usually the focal point of the reflector 1 , is on the optical axis 4 a radiation source 3 arranged. In the apex area of the reflector 1 there is an opening 5 to the radiation source 3 to fasten and supply. In the case of a light source used as a radiation source, this can be a socket and electrical lines for power supply.

Starting from the focal point 2 become rays from the reflector 1 as beam RA, R'A parallel to the optical axis 4 extending reflected and form on a perpendicular to the optical axis 4 standing projection level 6 a radiation field L _A.

The resulting radiation field L _A of 1A is that for the reflector 1 given radiation field, wherein the beam RA, R'A a middle around the optical axis 4 do not cover arranged area and thus create a shadow there. This shadowing is particular to the opening 5 due to the fact that no rays are reflected in their area.

To like in 1B shown to generate a radiation field L _B without shadows in the central region, the radiation source 3 starting from the focal point 2 on the optical axis 4 in the direction of the radiation exit side of the reflector 1 be moved. The position of the radiation source which is suitable for generating the shadow-free radiation field L _B is shown in FIG 1B With 2 ' designated.

Becomes the radiation source 3 not at the desired position 2 ' arranged or retains this position 2 ' not at, for example, by vibrations during the operation of the reflector sector, the radiation fields L _A and L _B , as in the 2A and 2 B is shown.

Is the radiation source located 3 as in 2A shown, not at the desired position 2 ' but at a position closer to the beam exit side of the reflector 1 , that of the reflector 1 reflected rays R _A , R ' _A no longer parallel to the optical axis 4 , As a result, the rays R _A , R ' _A partially overlap and produce the radiation field L _A , the total smaller than the radiation field L _B 1B is and has a greater brightness in the middle.

At a position change of the radiation source 3 in the direction of the opening 5 , as in 2 B through the position 2 ' 2, the rays R _B , R ' _B generate a radiation field L _B which not only illuminates an area larger than the radiation field L _{B of} FIG 1B is, but also has a much larger unlit area in the radiation field center.

Position changes of the radiation source are not only physical position changes, ie changes in position caused by displacement of the radiation source, but all changes relating to the radiation source which cause radiation beams of the radiation source to be emitted from a position which is not the predetermined position 2 (Focal point) corresponds. This can be the case, for example, if radiation sources of different types, shapes and / or radiation characteristics are used.

In both cases according to 2A respectively. 2 B will the desired, in 1B shown radiation field L _{B is} not generated, causing the use of the reflector 1 restricted and, where appropriate, a repositioning of the radiation source 3 is required. Especially with simple, electromagnetic radiation from transmitting devices, such. As flashlights or bicycle headlamps, the dependence of the resulting radiation field from the radiation source position is a problem because there due to the limited power supply the efficiency of the reflector is of particular importance. Also, small reflectors are usually used there, which are particularly sensitive to changes in position of the radiation source.

Furthermore it is usually with simple reflectors comprehensive devices not intended to correct the position of the radiation source, or such position correction is during operation thereof not or only disproportionately high To carry out effort.

Task of invention

task The present invention is a reflector for electromagnetic Provide rays that generates a radiation field, the relative insensitive to changes in position a radiation source.

Inventive solution

The Object of the present invention is achieved by a reflector according to claim 1 solved.

In known manner, the reflector for electromagnetic radiation an optical axis and a reflection surface such that a section through the reflective surface, which contains the optical axis, has at least four segments. According to the invention, the segments are the cutting curve assigned to two different groups, one of which beams at least for the most part Reflected across the optical axis, while the other rays at least mostly without Traversing the optical axis reflected. These conditions apply at least in a projection plane that is a distance from the Reflector has the desired Illumination range of the reflector corresponds. More specifically, the reflector comprises in characteristically a first, at least two segments comprehensive Segment group for the reflection of rays substantially to one Area of the projection plane, which with respect to the intersection of the optical axis and the projection plane on one side of the optical Axis is. Furthermore, the reflector has a second, at least two Segments comprehensive segment group for the reflection of rays in the essential to an area of the projection plane, the point of intersection the optical axis and the projection plane on the other side the optical axis is located.

This segmental design of the reflection surface makes the resulting radiation field to changes in position of a beam Source insensitive by segments of the reflection surface are formed and arranged so that changes in position of the radiation source lead to no significant changes in the individual reflected rays of the segments.

According to one preferred embodiment the invention, the segment groups are assembled so that the reflector each has segments on both sides of the optical axis. In particular, in this case a reflection surface is to be preferred, the re the optical axis is symmetrical. At least reflected by the segments an incident radiation such that after reflection the optical axis cuts to the projection plane defined above, while at least one more segment on this side of the optical axis the incident radiation is reflected so that it reaches the projection plane the optical axis does not intersect. Here are the reflector segments so aligned and shaped that on each Subfield of said projection level in the intended positioning the radiation source at least two of different segments coming reflected partial beams essentially overlap one another, in each area of the field to be illuminated on the projection plane, then a "double" lighting in the Meaning that takes place there Radiation from different segments hits. It is the said projection plane at such a distance from the radiation source and the reflector, which corresponds to the distance in which the lamp in which the reflector is used, an optimal To achieve illumination. The choice of this distance depends i.a. from the type and use of the devices in which a reflector according to the invention is used. So z. B. in a flashlight the distance the projection plane of the reflector in the range of a few meters (z. B. 10 to 20 meters) and headlamps for athletes or speleologists in the range of 3 to 5 meters, while the distances at a headlamp that for Nahbeleuchtung is provided, in the range of z. B. 20 to 50 cm and in aircraft headlights in the range of z. B. 100 to 300 meters can lie.

Especially can the Reflekxionsoberfläche be designed so that each other Symmetrical areas of Reflekxionsoberfläche each to reflect from Rays on the two mentioned areas of the projection plane are designed. This means, that everybody These areas reflect rays on the areas of the projection plane can that be regarding the Intersection of the optical axis and the projection plane on both Pages of the optical axis lie.

One Another advantage of this segmental design of the reflector is that a complete Radiation field is generated even if half of the reflector is covered. That means, too in this case becomes a circular Radiation field generated when the reflector is rotationally symmetric is. In contrast, known reflector shapes produce at one covered half of the reflector only half a radiation field, the case of a rotationally symmetric Reflector semicircular is.

According to one Another preferred embodiment of the invention are the segments of the reflector on each side of the optical axis designed so that those Segments closer on the outer edge of the reflector (i.e., at the light exit aperture of the reflector), depict the radiation in the middle area of the illumination field (reflect). In this case, preferably reflects an edge segment or some edge segments of the beam mostly under Cutting the optical axis onto the projection plane while the other edge segment or the other edge segments ray bundles mostly without Reflecting cutting of the optical axis on the projection plane. In contrast, reflect in this embodiment those segments closer lie at the apex of the reflector, stronger in the edge area of the illuminating field to be illuminated, in which case bundle of rays largely under Cutting the optical axis and bundles of rays mostly without cutting the optical axis are reflected on the projection plane. This has the consequence that at a change the position of the radiation source with respect to the reflector and hence deviation of the position from the ideal position, the Illumination of the illumination field in the middle area changes less than Outside.

A Another preferred embodiment of the invention provides that the length of Segments (with curved Segments the curve length) from segment to segment in the direction of the light exit opening of the Reflector is chosen larger. this makes possible a uniform (homogeneous) Light distribution in the desired lighting field due to overlapping of partial beams, each with at least approximately similar dimensions perpendicular to the optical axis. It is according to another preferred Variant of the invention provided that the curvature of the individual segments becomes larger from the light exit side of the reflector to the apex. Also this measure promotes the achievement of the above-mentioned objects of the invention.

In the method for generating a reflector shape for electromagnetic radiation, an optical axis and a projection plane arranged perpendicularly to the optical axis are defined in the above sense in a known manner, and a reflection surface is produced, which extends in a section along the optical axis leads to an average curve with at least four segments. According to the invention, the reflection surface is generated such that a first segment group comprising at least two segments reflects rays substantially onto a region of the projection plane which lies on one side of the optical axis with respect to the intersection of the optical axis and the projection plane. Furthermore, according to the invention, the reflection surface is produced in such a way that a second segment group comprising at least two segments reflects rays substantially onto a region of the projection plane which lies on the other side of the optical axis with respect to the intersection of the optical axis and the projection plane.

"Segments" in the sense of this Invention are in particular sections of the reflector, which themselves differ in terms of their geometric shape. Especially the different shape can consist in that the segments flat (straight) and / or curved differently. For example, different Curvatures then present when different segments according to different conic sections are shaped. It can Also be provided segments that at least partially a partial spherical shape to have.

different Segments in the context of this invention are also given if two segments represent mathematically the same conic section, but are arranged in the reflector so that they have different foci to have.

One Another advantage of the invention is that the transitions between the invention in the above Not sense differently shaped and adjacent segments must be specially designed (For example, rounded), since immediately adjacent inventive segments rays not on immediately adjacent areas but on each other spaced areas of a desired Reflect the projection plane. In this way, in the overall resulting Illumination field none in homogeneities with regard to the intensity distribution occur.

preferred embodiments the invention

in the In the simplest case, the reflector according to the invention has a reflection surface, the re the optical axis is rotationally symmetrical. Such reflectors For example, with flashlights, headlamps and bicycle headlights used.

The Invention can be but also analogous to trough-shaped Insert reflectors that are not rotationally symmetric to the optical Axis are. Such reflectors are generally elongate, straight and trough-shaped.

The Sensitivity of the reflector to changes in position of radiation sources can be particularly reduced when the segments the first and second segment groups are arranged alternately, d. H. successive segments of a segment group not immediately are adjacent.

In order to central areas of radiation fields to be generated by changes in position of radiation sources should not be changed substantially, respectively two - preferably adjacent segments the first and second segment groups are chosen so that their Rays substantially on a central region of the projection plane reflect. Here you can the two segments at the light exit opening or at the vertex side be arranged of the reflector.

The above-described features and advantages of preferred embodiments The invention is also achieved when using reflector shapes the method according to the claim 8 are generated.

Summary the figures

Specific, preferred embodiments of The invention will be explained with reference to the accompanying figures, of show:

1A a schematic representation of a conventional parabolic reflector with a focal point arranged in the radiation source,

1B a schematic representation of the reflector 1A with a non-focused radiation source for generating a shadow-free radiation field,

2A and 2 B schematic representations of the parabolic reflector after 1 in which the radiation sources are not located at the focal point,

3 A first embodiment of the reflector according to the invention,

4 a supplement to the embodiment according to 2 with a reflection surface symmetrical to the optical axis,

5 the embodiment of the reflector according to 4 in which the radiation source is displaced in the direction of the apex of the reflector,

6 the embodiment of the reflector according to 4 in which the radiation source is displaced in the direction of the radiation exit side of the reflector,

7 an embodiment of a reflector, wherein the reflection surface segments are arranged for the central region of the radiation field at the radiation exit side of the reflector,

8th a schematic representation for explaining the method according to the invention for producing a reflector shape,

9 Representations of a reflector surface according to the invention for a headlamp for athletes.

description preferred embodiments

The schematic representations of the figures show the overview only the reflector components that are electromagnetic in reflections Rays play a role. These include in particular the reflection surfaces, optical axes and Positions of radiation sources. Furthermore, in these figures, the Projection planes and the reflected rays as well as the resulting Radiation fields shown. Facilities for arrangement and energetic Supply of radiation sources, reflector body, formed on which reflection surfaces have been omitted.

3 shows the cutting curve of a reflector 1 with a plane that is the optical axis 4 of the reflector 1 contains. The section curve consists of four segments S1, ..., S4 and points in the apex area of the reflector 1 an opening 5 on to the radiation source 3 to attach and to provide energy. The type of radiation source as well as the method of attachment and the energetic supply of the same depends, as with reference to 1 explained above, from the different applications of the reflector 1 from.

The radiation source 3 is at a position 2 on the optical axis 4 arranged in the following as "focal point" 2 referred to as. Here, the word "focus" is not to be understood in the sense of a focal point, as used for example in connection with a conic curve. Rather, the "focal point" 2 a position on the optical axis 4 on, the desired, optimal and in the interpretation of the reflection surface underlying position of the radiation source 3 equivalent.

In the design of the reflection surface is next to the "focus" 2 for the radiation source 3 also a projection level 6 set in the one during operation of the reflector 1 desired radiation field L to be generated.

From the radiation source 3 emitted beams are from the segments S1, ..., S4 from the reflector in the direction of the projection plane 6 reflected. In this case, the first segment S1 reflects the rays of the radiation source 3 across the optical axis 4 , so that reflected rays R1 in 3 below the optical axis 4 on the projection level 6 to meet. The second segment S2 reflects rays of the radiation source 3 without crossing the optical axis 4 , so that reflected rays R2 in 3 above the optical axis 4 on the projection level 6 to meet.

The third segment S3 reflects rays of the radiation source 3 , comparable to the segment S1, so as to be the optical axis 4 cut, where reflected rays R3 in 3 below the optical axis 4 and below the radiation field of the rays R1 to the projection plane 6 fall.

The fourth segment S4 reflects rays of the radiation source 3 like the second segment S2, without intersecting the optical axis 4 , here reflected rays R4 above the optical axis 4 and above the radiation field generated by the reflected rays R2 on the projection plane 6 fall.

Already the segmental design of the 3 The surface of reflection shown makes it possible to produce a radiation field which substantially corresponds to the radiation field of a reflector which, as described with reference to FIG 4 explained in more detail with respect to the optical axis 4 is symmetrical.

In the 3 sketched Reflekxionsoberfläche may be the Reflekxionsoberfläche a reflector which is groove-shaped with respect to the optical axis. Such a shaped reflector is z. B. used for straight elongated radiation sources, which are arranged perpendicular to the optical axis. An example of such a combination of a channel-shaped reflector with an elongated radiation source are the corresponding light-emitting devices of copying machines. When the invention is used in a simple, radiating device, such as a flashlight or bicycle light, a reflector should be used because of the bulbs (bulbs) used there that do not normally have a selective direction of radiation 1 to be used as in 4 shown, one with respect to the optical axis 4 has symmetrical reflection surface.

Since such symmetrical reflection surfaces represent the normal case, especially in the case of simple reflectors, the invention will be explained using the example of such symmetrical reflection surfaces. However, the statements made in the present also apply to non-symmetrical reflection surfaces, which correspond to the in 3 shown reflecting surface are comparable.

At the in 4 illustrated reflector 1 with respect to the optical axis 4 symmetrical reflection surface, for example, for a channel-shaped reflector, the resulting luminous field L is formed by the reflected rays R1, ..., R4 and R1 '..., R4', wherein the reflected rays R1 ', ..., R4' of the in 4 below the optical axis 4 shown segments (not labeled) of the reflection surface mirror image with respect to the optical axis to the reflected rays R1, ..., R4 of the above the optical axis arranged segments S1, ..., S4 on the projection plane 6 to be reflected, as above 3 described.

The segments allow selective reflection of rays from the radiation source 3 on areas above and below the optical axis 4 such that the resulting radiation field L is substantially independent of changes in position of the radiation source 3 is as below with reference to the 5 and 6 is described. In particular, the central region of the radiation field L, that is, the radiation field in the opti's axis 4 adjacent area of the projection plane 6 , remains at position changes of the radiation source 3 largely unchanged. This not only leads to a quality of the illumination in the center of the radiation field that is independent of the radiation source position, but also prevents shadowing in the center of the radiation field.

As already referring to 3 is explained in the reflector 1 from the 4 the luminous field L is generated even if only one half of the Reflekxionsoberfläche (for example due to occlusion, pollution, ...) reflects rays.

The 5 and 6 show the resulting radiation fields of the reflector 4 with from the "focal point" 2 different positions of the radiation source 3 on the optical axis 4 , 5 shows a change in position of the radiation source 3 along the optical axis 4 towards the apex area of the reflector 1 , while 6 a change in position of the radiation source 3 pointing in the direction of the light exit opening.

At the in 5 shown position of the radiation source 3 the reflected beams R1, ..., R4 shift above the optical axis 4 lying segments S1, ..., S4 on the projection plane 6 up. The reflected rays R1 ', ..., R4' below the optical axis 4 arranged reflective surface segments move accordingly on the projection plane 6 downward.

This results in that the edge areas of the radiation field L formed by the reflected rays R4, R4 'in comparison to the edge areas of the radiation field L of the 4 are darker. By contrast, the central region of the radiation field L formed by the reflected rays R1,..., R3 and R1 ',..., R3' remains substantially unchanged.

At the in 6 shown position of the radiation source 3 the reflected beams R1, ..., R4 shift on the projection plane 6 down, while the reflected rays R1 ', ..., R4' with respect to the projection plane 6 be moved up. The result is a radiation field L as in the arrangement according to FIG 5 ie the edge regions of the radiation field L are darker, while the central region of the radiation field L remains essentially unchanged.

So while im in 4 shown state in which the radiation source 3 is positioned at their predetermined location, impinge on each sub-surface of the projection plane two partial beams, which come from different segments of the reflector, each one reflector above and another is arranged below the optical axis, takes place in the in the 5 and 6 shown states in which the radiation source 3 has moved out of the predetermined ideal position in the manner described, a relative displacement of the reflected beams of the individual segments such that an expansion of the illumination field L is given, wherein - in comparison to the ideal state according to 4 - Now overlap other sub-beams, in such a way that a substantially equal, homogeneous intensity distribution in the middle of the illumination field is given and the intensity at the edges drops slightly.

As with reference to the 3 to 6 explains, the reflection surface of the reflector 1 formed by four individual segments S1, ..., S4, wherein segments the rays without crossing the optical axis 4 on the projection level 6 reflect, alternate with segments, the rays with crossing the optical axis 4 on the projection level 6 reflect. Thus, the segments S1, ..., S4 of the reflection surface can be assigned to two segment groups, the first segment group comprising the segments S1 and S3 and the second segment group comprising the segments S2 and S4.

There may also be more than four individual segments for the reflective surface of the reflector 1 be used, wherein the number of segments need not be even. Depending on the selected number of segments, the number of segments to be assigned to the two segment groups changes. The number of segments used and the number of segments allocated to two segment groups depend on the different applications of the reflector, in particular on the distance of the projection plane to the reflector, the desired radiation field in the projection plane, the type of possible position changes of the radiation source relative to the "focal point". and the reflector size.

For example, five, six, or seven segments can be used, with two, three, four, or five segments assigned to one of the segment groups. In order to take account of changes in position of the radiation source both in the direction of the light exit opening and in the direction of the opening in the apex region of the reflector, the number of segments should be even, normally the same number of segments being assigned to each of the two segment groups. The resulting radiation fields as a function of changes in position of the radiation sources correspond to the resulting radiation fields of 5 and 6 , wherein the number of reflected beams, as shown in the figures, increases depending on the number of segments used.

As with reference to 5 explains, performs a change in position of the radiation source 3 in the direction of the opening 5 to a shift of the radiation field regions of the individual reflected rays upwards or downwards, ie in the direction perpendicular to the optical axis 4 and away from it. Due to the construction of the reflector 1 , the mechanical attachment of the radiation source 3 , different with the reflector 1 to be used radiation sources 3 that z. B. in their dimensions in the direction of the optical axis 4 differ, or other parameters, it may be possible that primarily changes in position of the radiation source 3 in the direction of the opening 5 are to be expected. In this case, it may therefore be advantageous, the number of segments of the segment group, the rays of the radiation source with crossing the optical axis 4 reflected on the projection plane to choose greater than the number of segments of the other segment group, the rays without cutting the optical axis 4 reflected in the desired illumination range. In this way, that of such changes in position of the radiation source 3 affected edge region of the radiation field L is significantly reduced, while the independent of the position changes the central region of the radiation field L is increased, whereby the central region of the radiation field is relatively insensitive to changes in position of the radiation source and has a uniform (homogeneous) light distribution.

In contrast, the segment group, the rays of the radiation source 3 without crossing the optical axis 4 reflected in the desired illumination range, more segments than the other segment group are assigned when changes in position of the radiation source 3 in the direction of the outlet opening of the reflector 1 are to be expected by referring to 6 to compensate for displacements of the reflected rays explained, ie to increase the independent of position changes of the radiation source central region of the radiation field L to increase.

The statements made above apply in particular when the central region of the radiation field L with uniform quality (luminous field size, intensity,...) On the projection plane 6 should be generated. Will the reflector 1 used to create a radiation field L on the projection plane 6 to generate, in which in particular the edge regions of the radiation field L are of importance, the assignment of the number of segments to the two segment groups is reversed accordingly.

With reference to the 3 to 6 explained reflector 1 are the first segments S1 and S2 of the two segment groups of the opening 5 in the apex area of the reflector 1 arranged adjacent and reflect rays of the radiation source 3 on the central area of the light field L. In contrast, the reflector 1 from 7 these two segments S1 and S2 at the light exit opening 7 of the reflector 1 arranged and reflect rays of the radiation source 3 Again, the segmental structure of the reflection plane causes the resulting radiation field L is substantially independent of changes in position of the radiation source 3 is as described above with reference to the 3 - 6 explained. With reference to the description of the 5 and 6 is to a description of the displacement of the reflected rays R1, ..., R4 of the reflector 1 depending on changes in position of the radiation source 3 from 7 waived.

In the choice of the arrangement of the two segments S1 and S2 at the light exit opening 7 according to 7 or at the opening 5 according to the 3 to 6 It should be noted that changes in the beam path of reflected beams not only of changes in position of the radiation source, for. B. due to the spatial arrangement, the Shape, type, radiation characteristics, ... of the radiation source), but also depend on the distance of the individual segments from the radiation source. Thus, in the case of changes in the position of the radiation source, the radiation path of the reflected rays of segments is changed the more, the smaller the distance of the corresponding segment from the radiation source 3 is. Thus, the arrangement of the segments S1 and S2 according to 7 in that the beams R1 and R2 generating the central region of the radiation field L change with the position of the source 3 are subjected to smaller changes than the reflected beams R1 and R2 in accordance with 3 to 6 , Therefore, the influence of position changes of the radiation source becomes 3 at the reflector 1 from 7 lead to smaller changes in the central region of the radiation field L than in the reflector 1 according to the 3 to 6 ,

Which the above-described arrangements of the segments S1 and S2 of the two Segment group the best result in the sense of the invention, d. H. a extensive independence of the resulting illumination field L of position changes of Radiation source, yields, hangs from the desired Radiation field, the number and size of the individual segments, the number of the two segment groups associated segments and the like from.

The individual segments S1, ..., S4 of the reflection plane of the reflector 1 can have different cutting curves from each other. For example, segments may be used which have a straight line and / or a curved cutting curve (circular section, ellipse, parabola, etc.). Segments with a curved cut curve have the advantage that the width of the beam path of reflected beams can be determined by the choice of the curvature. Furthermore, the control of reflected beams can be improved when using segments consisting of several segments of different cutting curves. Furthermore, it is also possible to use segments with sectional curves whose curvature is not concave but convex, as shown in the figures.

The length of the segments can be chosen differently. For example, segments of equal length can be used, but it is advantageous if the length of the segments starting from the apex region of the reflector 1 in the direction of the light exit opening 7 gets bigger, as it is in the 3 to 7 is shown. Since the incident "amount of radiation" per unit area of the segments of the reflector becomes smaller with increasing distance of the segments from the radiation source, the reflected "amount of rays" of the individual segments can be determined by their length and / or their area. For example, the length of the intersection curve of the individual segments can be selected so that each segment is related to the "focal point". 2 has the same solid angle, whereby the incident "amount of rays" is the same for all segments.

The following is with reference to 8th the construction of the segments S1, ..., S4 of the reflection plane of the reflector 1 from 7 explained. In this case, in general, the size of the light exit opening 7 , the position of the "focal point" 2 , the size of the opening 5 in the apex area and the distance of the reflector 1 to the projection plane 6 , which indicates the desired illumination range, defined and specified as boundary conditions. Thereafter, the desired radiation field L to be generated is determined, for example by specifying its width.

Because of the light exit opening 7 adjacent segments S1 and S2 of the reflector 1 from 7 generate the central region of the radiation field L, the reflector 1 starting from the light exit opening 7 in the direction of the opening 5 constructed. The inclination angle α1 of the segment S1 between an in 8th shown line L1 for the segment S1 and one to the optical axis 4 parallel running line (in 8th shown in dashed lines) is selected so that reflected rays of the segment S1 the beam path R1 of 7 and generate the desired region of the radiation field L. A point P0 at the edge of the reflection plane at the light exit opening 7 serves as a "fulcrum" for the line L1 of segment S1. In order to deflect the reflected rays of the segment S1 further down, the inclination angle α1 is reduced. It is generally advantageous if the segment S1, as in 7 shown, rays of the radiation source 3 across the optical axis 4 on the projection level 6 reflected. In this case, a smaller inclination angle α1 than a reflection of the segment S1 without intersecting the optical axis 4 to choose. This causes the reflector 1 in the direction of the optical axis 4 gets longer and thus has a greater efficiency.

For the calculation of the length L1 of the segment S1, a solid angle β is defined, which differs from a point P0 and the "focal point". 2 connecting line goes out. In accordance with the predetermined solid angle β, a point P1 is determined which determines the length L1 of the segment S1.

Thereafter, if the segment S1 is to have a curved sectional curve, the curvature of the segment S1 is selected to produce the desired beam path of the reflected rays R1 shown in the figures. Here, for the curvature of the segment S1, the curved section of a conic curve can be used, wherein the To reduce the radius of curvature is to increase the width of the beam path of the reflected rays R1.

Further For example, segment S1 can also be made using multiple curved cuts be constructed, which have different radii of curvature and next to each other are arranged.

After the construction of the segment S1, the segments S2, S3 and S4 are constructed by repeating the construction steps for the segment S1 accordingly. Here, as in 8th represented, for all segments S1, ..., S4 an identical solid angle β are given, as explained above, an equal intensity of reflected rays of all segments on the projection plane 6 to reach. Due to the same solid angle β for all segments S1, ..., S4, the length of the individual segments and their radii of curvature are from the light exit opening 7 towards the opening 5 at the apex side of the reflector 1 smaller.

However, it is also possible to use different solid angles β for one or more of the segments. Thus, for example, in the last segment S4, a smaller solid angle β, which is defined by the intersection of the sectional curve of the segment S4 with the opening 5 in the apex region of the reflector, can be predetermined 1 is determined.

In this way, a reflector for a headlamp for athletes has been developed, the Reflekxionsoberfläche in 9 is shown. The reflection surface has ten segments with a solid angle of 8 ° each. The length of this reflector is only 14.1 mm with a diameter of the light exit opening of 25.5 mm. In a projection plane whose distance from the reflector is 350 cm, a uniform radiation field (light field) with a diameter of approximately 100 cm is generated. In this case, reflected beams of the first four segments S1,..., S4 arranged at the light exit opening produce the central region of the luminous field, the following four segments S5,..., S8 forming an intermediate region between the central region and an edge region of the luminous field , The last two segments S9, S10 of this reflector generate the edge region of the luminous field in order to achieve a clear delimitation of the luminous field.

Claims (7)

Reflector ( 1 ) for electromagnetic radiation, comprising: - an optical axis ( 4 ), - a reflection surface which generates in a section containing the optical axis an intersection curve with at least four segments (S1, ..., S4), and - a first segment group comprising at least two segments (S1, S3) for reflection of rays an area perpendicular to the optical axis ( 4 ) projection plane ( 6 ), which with respect to the intersection of the optical axis ( 4 ) and the projection plane ( 6 ) on one side of the optical axis ( 4 ), characterized by - a second segment group comprising at least two segments (S2, S4) for the reflection of rays in a region of the projection plane ( 6 ), which with respect to the intersection of the optical axis ( 4 ) and the projection plane ( 6 ) on the other side of the optical axis ( 4 ) lies. Reflector according to claim 1, characterized in that the reflection surface with respect to the optical axis ( 4 ) is symmetrical. Reflector according to claim 2, characterized in that mutually symmetrical regions of the reflection surface in each case for the reflection of rays onto the regions of the projection plane ( 6 ), which with respect to the intersection of the optical axis ( 4 ) and the projection plane ( 6 ) on both sides of the optical axis ( 4 ) are designed. Reflector according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the segments (S1, ..., S4) of the first and second segment groups are arranged alternately. Reflector according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized by two segments (S1, S2) of the first and second segment groups for the reflection of rays onto a central region of the projection plane ( 6 ) passing through the intersection of the optical axis ( 4 ) and the projection plane ( 6 ) given is. Reflector according to claim 5, characterized in that the two segments (S1, S2) for reflection on the central region of the projection plane ( 6 ) are arranged adjacent. Reflector according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the two segments (S1, S2) at the light exit opening ( 7 ) or at the vertex side ( 5 ) of the reflector ( 1 ) are arranged.