WO2013117178A1

WO2013117178A1 - Reflector emitter

Info

Publication number: WO2013117178A1
Application number: PCT/DE2013/000044
Authority: WO
Inventors: Jan Schulz; Peter ROHDE; Michael Potthoff
Original assignee: Stiftung Alfred-Wegener-Institut Für Polar- Und Meeresforschung
Priority date: 2012-02-10
Filing date: 2013-01-19
Publication date: 2013-08-15
Also published as: EP2812629B1; DE102012003071B4; EP2812629A1; DE102012003071A1

Abstract

The known reflector emitter combines beams from a plurality of weaker emission sources over reflected rotational ellipsoid sections and a central concave mirror, the focal points thereof coinciding to form a common powerful beam. Occurring edge rays are not optimally utilised. An increase in efficiency is achieved for the reflector emitter (01) according to the invention by tilting the rotational ellipsoid sections (10) towards the central concave mirror (12) and by providing a first annular reflector (15) in the aperture (08) and a second annular reflector (16) directly above the concave mirror (12), said reflectors both reflecting in the main emission direction (07) or the concave mirror (12). Improved radiation, in particular as a function of the radiation characteristics of the emission sources (40) used, such as LEDs, can be achieved by means of the tilting. No beam leaves the reflector emitter (01) on a direct path through the aperture (08), but instead, as a rule, according to an angle-dependent reflection (41, 42, 43) in the concave mirror (12) or in the first or second annular reflector (15, 16). The reflector emitter (01) can be used for applications such as signalling systems, medical lamps or UV lamps, as headlights for vehicles or off-shore systems, as well as for underwater use in particular.

Description

applicants

Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research,

Bremerhaven, Germany

description

reflector spotlight

description

The invention relates to a reflector emitter, which serves to generate a beam directed in a main emission direction, with a combined reflector. This is composed of two or more mirrored Rotationsellipsoidenabschnitt and a central concave mirror. Each ellipsoid of revolution is formed of an ellipsoid of revolution extending in a longitudinal plane passing through both foci and perpendicular thereto between its center and one of its foci

Cross-sectional plane is cut. The one focal point is inside and the other focus outside each Rotationsellipsoidenabschnitts. The concave mirror is formed from a hollow body having at least one focal point and cut in a sectional plane. Rotationsellipsoidenabschnitte and concave mirrors each have an opening which are arranged opposite to each other. The outlying focal points of the Rotationsellipsoidenabschnitte and the focal point of the concave mirror coincide. The ellipsoidal rotation sections are arranged uniformly around the central concave mirror. Furthermore, the reflector radiator comprises a relative to the concave mirror arranged on the side of the ellipsoidal rotation sections

Aperture, at least two, each within the ellipsoidal rotation section lying focal point arranged radiation sources with known radiation characteristics and other internal VerSpiegelungen.

Such reflector emitters have a particularly high luminous efficiency or low losses due to scattering. All rays that emanate from the radiation source and hit the mirrored ellipsoidal section are reflected in the second focal point of the ellipsoid of revolution and thus in the focal point of the concave mirror. The concave mirror reflects the light in a collimated beam in the main emission direction through the aperture. Already with a light source beam collimation can lead to an increase in intensity. In particular, with such reflector radiators, the light from a plurality of generally less faint radiation sources can be bundled into a single strong beam. Such arrangements can be used for applications in which a high light output at given radiation angles is advantageous.

PRIOR ART US 2005/0094402 A1 discloses a reflector emitter which can be used as a car headlight, in which a mirror in the form of an ellipsoidal rotation section with a radiation source in the one existing focal point is arranged behind a further concave mirror, which is designed as a paraboloid section, such that the focal points of the ellipsoidal section of revolution and the paraboloidal section in a common plane perpendicular to

Center line of the rotary ellipsoid section lie. This will all

Radiation source radiation is reflected by the ellipsoidal section of revolution into the paraboloidal section resulting from a paraboloid of revolution by cutting off its closed end to form two parallel openings. By arranging another plane mirror in the central axis of the paraboloid portion, a number of rays are emitted from the non-punctiform but longitudinally extended radiation source in addition reflected in the upper part of the paraboloidal section and reinforce the desired in motor vehicles low beam effect by the main beam is directed slightly down to the road. However, this form of headlamp produces a circular dark zone at the center of the beam from the diameter of the cut end of the paraboloidal section, and thus has none in spite of the increasing diffusion with distance

uniform illumination.

From JP 2003065805 A a similar reflector reflector with at least two radiation sources, a plurality of radiation sources associated Rotationsellipsoidenabschnitten and a central concave mirror is known in which the central concave mirror, however, is formed of a convex paraboloid portion. Thus, the opening of the concave mirror away from the aperture. In particular, at the opposite vertex of the aperture

Paraboloidsabschnitts arise difficult reflection conditions due to the only virtual focal point within the paraboloid section. A

Radiation in the desired main emission is difficult to implement here. Furthermore, the central concavity mirror can only be designed as a paraboloid with a single focal point, since, when using an ellipsoidal contour, the rays from the second virtual focal point diverge into the one

Rotation ellipsoid sections would. Furthermore, the radiation sources are arranged tilted on a truncated cone and thus to the concave mirror. However, the tilting point away from the virtual focal point of the convex concave mirror, resulting in a dull tilt angle of over 180 °. A tilting of the Rotationsellipsoidenabschnitte or their longitudinal planes with respect to the sectional plane of the paraboloidal concave mirror is not taught. Likewise, all components of the reflector radiator are shown only individually and schematically, a connecting them housing, which has further Verspiegelungen is not disclosed.

The closest prior art to the invention is disclosed in DE 10 2006 044 019 A1, the full disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference Invention should flow. In the known reflector emitter with the features enumerated above, however, are the longitudinal planes of the ellipsoidal elliptical sections and the sectional plane of the central concave mirror in a common ground plane in which all the focal points of said

Components lie. This results in a rigid constellation between the mentioned components, which does not allow an increase in efficiency by simple means. Furthermore, the curved central concave mirror is formed from any hollow body having concave mirror surfaces with at least one focal point in the sectional plane. Furthermore, the boundary surfaces of the ellipsoidal rotation sections and of the central concave mirror of the known reflector emitter can be mirrored for reflection of unused radiation not radiated into the main emission direction, but not the aperture. Thus, only the common ground plane can be mirrored. However, since this runs parallel to the cross-sectional plane of the aperture, results from such

Mirroring measure no significant increase in efficiency, since only a small part of the divergent radiation can be directed to the aperture.

task

The object of the present invention is therefore to be seen to provide such a development of the known reflector emitter, with the efficiency in the generation of a directed in a main direction of radiation beam can be further increased by simple means. The solution according to the invention for this task can be found in the main claim. Advantageous developments of the reflector radiator according to the invention are shown in the subclaims and are explained in more detail below in connection with the invention. The reflector radiator is inventively characterized in that the longitudinal sectional plane of the ellipsoidal rotation sections and the sectional plane of the concave mirror in dependence on the radiation characteristic of the radiation sources at the same or different tilt angle between 0 ° and 90 ° in

Focus of the concave mirror are arranged to each other. Furthermore, the aperture of a first ring reflector and the concave mirror are surrounded by a second ring reflector adjoining its cutting plane in the direction of the aperture as further inner mirroring. In this case, according to the invention, the course of the walls of the first and second annular reflector is designed so that incident beams are reflected in the main emission direction of the reflector emitter or in the region of the focal point of the concave mirror. The inventive tilting of the ellipsoid of revolution to the concave mirror different optical characteristics of the radiation sources can be used more efficiently. In this case, the underlying radiation characteristic of the radiation source used must be taken into account for optimum adaptation. By tilting each Rotationsellipso- idenabschnitts invention the environment of the concave mirror is segmented. Each segment comprises an ellipsoidal section of revolution. In this case, the tilt angle can be the same for all Rotationsboloidenabschnitte, in particular if the associated radiation sources have the same emission characteristics. If this is not the case, each rotational ellipsoid section can be tilted at a different tilt angle to the central concave mirror. As a result of the tilting, the rays impinging on the ellipsoidal sections of revolution are projected into the central concave mirror in an angle which is much more favorable than that of an untilted arrangement. This is due to the fact that rays radiated flatly into the ellipsoidal ellipsoidal sections predominantly meet only the edge region of the central reflector in the reflection in which aberrations increase which reduce the overall efficiency of the reflector radiator. Preferably and advantageously, the tilt angle between the longitudinal sectional planes of the ellipsoidal rotation sections and the sectional plane of the concave mirror is between 20 ° and 45 °. Particularly favorable for the efficiency is a tilt angle between 25 ° and 40 °. To further improve efficiency, the radiation sources may also be arranged inclined and preferably also inclined in the tilted spheroidal ellipsoid sections. Advantageously and preferably, therefore, the radiation sources, depending on the radiation characteristic to the sectional plane of the concave mirror at the same or different inclination angles between 0 ° and 80 °, preferably between 10 ° and 45 °, in particular be inclined by 35 °. In this case, the same inclination angle for radiation sources with the same emission characteristic and different inclination angles for radiation sources with different emission characteristics can again be selected. The aforementioned preferred tilt and inclination angles apply in particular to light-emitting diodes which are preferably and advantageously used in the invention as radiation sources with a conical emission characteristic of +/- 60 ° from the central emission axis. Otherwise optimal tilt and inclination angles as a function of the known radiation characteristic of the radiation source can be determined by a person skilled in the art by simulation calculations. In contrast to the known reflector radiator with blunt (> 90 °) angles tilted radiation sources, the radiation sources are tilted in the invention under acute (<90 °) tilt angles to the cutting plane of the concave mirror. In the reflector emitter according to the invention, the concave mirror can be advantageously and preferably paraboloidally, spherically or ellipsoidally or formed in a linearly extended form thereof. In a spherical concave mirror, any point within the sphere but outside the center can

Be focal point (rays that pass through the center as a focal point, are reflected back into). In the invention it is determined that the

Focus is in the sectional plane of the sphere to form the spherical shell. In the linearly extended form, the curvatures mentioned results in a

Focal line as a connecting line of the foci of the basic shape. The term "linearly extended form" is understood to mean the shaping when the paraboloidal, spherical or ellipsoidal basic shape is cut open along a central axis and evenly linear extension pieces are inserted in order to form a trough-shaped form whose curves parabolic, spherical or ellipsoidal. A central concave mirror (also with variable eccentricity in the case of paraboloidal or ellipsoidal cross-section) has various advantages with respect to the reflection behavior compared to a convex mirror, since no virtual focal points are used and thus the reflection at the mirror surface can be better adjusted. Concave mirrors can also be designed to be relatively small in space, since only small portions of the complete paraboloid, sphere or ellipsoid shape are used. Furthermore, it is possible to produce in such a concave mirror by choosing its shape as ellipsoid another focal point, which can then be placed in a convenient location. All light rays from the central concave mirror converge around this point. This is particularly advantageous for lens systems and results in parallel that only a relatively small aperture is needed. The shape of the concave mirror can in turn be selected depending on the emission characteristics of the radiation sources used, but also on the selected tilt and tilt angles. A particularly high yield results if, in the case of an ellipsoidal concave mirror, the second focal point located outside the concave mirror is preferred and advantageous within the aperture or above the aperture outside the reflector radiator. Analogously, for a linearly extended ellipsoidal concave mirror, the second focal line lying outside the concave mirror advantageously lies in the aperture, which then likewise has a linearly extended form. An optimal light output also results when the total amount of light emitted is coupled into the main emission direction of the reflector emitter. Advantageously, in the case of a paraboloidal, spherical or ellipsoidal hollow mirror, a central emission axis or, in the case of a solid shape thereof, a central emission surface of the concave mirror is aligned in the main emission direction. Further details on the central emission axis or the central emission surfaces of the individual curvature forms can be found in the exemplary embodiments. Normally, the main radiation direction of the radiation source is chosen so that it is perpendicular to the plane, with respect to the

Tilting the Rotationsellipsoidenabschnitte done. By changing the inclination angle of the radiation source can be achieved that the Main radiation cone of the radiation source to larger parts meets the correspondingly assigned Rotationsellipsoidenabschnitt and thus fewer beams must be used via other routes. Although in the known reflector emitter inner Verspiegelungen can be provided, but these are not described further and still leave due to their possible arrangements a large part of the generated beams unused. The largest beam component leaves the reflector emitter directly from the radiation source to the aperture. Beams that deviate greatly from the main beam direction can hardly be used. In the reflector emitter according to the invention no beam has the opportunity to leave the reflector emitter directly from the radiation source. All possible radiation angles are covered in the invention by additional mirror surfaces, which ensure that the radiation predominantly collimates the reflector radiator and leaves it parallel in the direction of the main emission direction. It is for a first ring reflector provided surrounding the aperture. A particularly favorable coupling of hitherto unused marginal rays in the main emission direction of the reflector radiator is obtained if, preferably and advantageously, at least the first ring reflector has a paraboloidal wall profile, the focal point lying in the aperture.

In order not to leave any light beam unused, mirrored end faces of special shape in the form of the second ring reflector are integrated in the invention in the interior of the reflector radiator, which deflect a portion of these unused beams in the central concave mirror, which then couples these in the main emission. To guide the unused beams in the central concave mirror, it is particularly advantageous and preferred if the second ring reflector at least partially has a parabolic or ellipsoidal wall profile, wherein the focal point is in the range of lying within the concave mirror focal point. It can be made of manufacturing technology

Be beneficial reasons, if the wall course at least in sections (in particular in the field of paraboloid or ellipsoidal course) from a plurality of straight, angularly abutting surfaces is composed. With the second ring reflector with an at least partially parabolic or ellipsoidal wall profile radiation in particular for a LED beam angle of 65 ° to 70 ° can be used much better. It has already been stated above that adaptations to the emission characteristics of the radiation sources used lead to an optimized luminous efficacy. This also applies to the shaping of the second ring reflector in its course in the radial plane to the main emission direction. Therefore, the second ring reflector may have a cross-sectional profile having ellipsoidal bulges corresponding to the number of light sources present. The result is a cross-sectional course in the manner of a vielblättrigen cloverleaf. Then all the rays divergent from the radiation source are detected even if they deviate from the focal point of the central concave mirror. The embedding of the central concave mirror and the ellipsoidal rotation sections in a housing block creates a complex contouring in the interior of the reflector radiator. This makes it possible that the first and second ring reflector need not be additionally installed as separate components, but can preferably and advantageously be formed by mirrored walls in the interior of the reflector radiator. Further Verspiegelungen of inner surfaces may be additionally provided. Further details can also be found in the exemplary embodiments.

In addition to the optimization measures by tilting the reflection planes and by additional ring reflectors, the reflector emitter according to the invention can also be increased in terms of its emission efficiency by constructive optimizations. In this case, it is preferable and advantageous if the aperture is smaller than the rotational ellipse section. For example, the cross section of the aperture at the smallest point may be smaller than half the cross section of the ellipsoid of revolution, measured between the body edges. A sharply focused combined beam in the main emission direction requires only a small aperture to exit. Also, a central concave mirror with an ellipsoidal shape, the second focal point can be placed in the aperture, favors a small aperture. The advantage of a small aperture is the possibility of large-dimensioned ellipsoidal sections, which can thus project a large part of the radiation in the direction of the central concave mirror.

As a result, the efficiency is further increased and the small blind stretch in the center of the projection is smaller. By adapting the aperture diameter (smallest diameter of the paraboloidal first ring reflector) to the diameter of the second ring reflector, the efficiency can be increased even further by the maximum utilization of the central concave mirror (beam path optimization). Furthermore, the efficiency of the claimed reflector emitter also depends on the design of the Rotationsellipsoidenabschnitte. An optimization can be achieved here if the ellipsoidal rotation sections have a ratio of their small radii to their large radii in a range of 1: 1, 4 to 1: 1, 7, preferably with R1 = 40 mm and R2 = 28 mm. This applies in particular to a tilt angle of LEDs as a radiation source of 35 ° and to a radius of the spherical concave mirror of 32.5 mm ... preferably with R1 = 40 mm and R2 = 28 mm with a model scaling factor of 2

(Transfer from the model to the concrete version). However, the radii can be chosen in wide ranges (R1 = 20 mm with R2 = 6 to 18 mm, R1 = 14 to 26 mm with R2 = 12 mm) with a model scaling factor of 1. A preferred ratio is formed with a model scaling factor of 0 , 5 to 10 and is dependent on the radiation characteristic of the radiation sources, the scaling factor of 2 is preferred.

The reflector emitter according to the invention can be used, for example, for signaling systems or for medical lights, as headlights for vehicles or for off-shore systems or generally for underwater use, for example for immersion lamp heads. For such applications, a compact design with good manageability is of great advantage. Preferably, the reflector emitter according to the invention is designed in several parts, wherein in a three-part design in a shell the Rotationsellipsoidenabschnitte, the aperture and the first ring reflector, in a central part recesses for the radiation sources and the second ring reflector and in a lower part of the concave mirrors are arranged. In a two-part embodiment, middle and lower part can be combined to form a common part. Furthermore, the reflector radiator can advantageously and preferably have a cover part with a transparent cover for the aperture. For further collimation of the generated beam, it is advantageous and

Preferably, when the transparent cover has a beam-modifying optics, for example a Fresnel structure or plano-convex lenses with a smooth edge or concave-convex glasses. Likewise, further optical lenses may be provided for additional beam focusing. For underwater operations, it is advantageous and preferred if lid, upper, middle and lower part are pressure-tightly connected to each other, for example by screw with sealing inserts. Finally, halogen lamps, fluorescent lamps, UV lamps or light-emitting diodes (LED) can advantageously and preferably be used as radiation sources in the reflector emitter according to the invention. Thus, with the reflector emitter according to the invention, electromagnetic rays, mainly light rays, are reflected and concentrated. Light emitting diodes have a higher light output than incandescent lamps, they are less hot and have a significantly longer life. They may be formed in one or more colors and have a conical radiation characteristic of +/- 60 ° from the central emission axis. However, the luminance of the LEDs is much lower than that of incandescent lamps, and thus the use of several less faint lamps in a common reflector emitter according to the invention is established. Further details can be found in the embodiments explained below.

embodiments

Embodiments of the reflector radiator according to the invention will be explained in more detail below for further understanding of the invention with reference to the schematic figures. It shows FIG. 1 shows an overall perspective view of the reflector emitter,

FIG. 2A is a side view of the reflector radiator,

FIG. 2B shows a longitudinal section through the reflector radiator,

FIG. 2C shows a detail in the region of the second ring reflector,

Figure 3 is a longitudinal section through the individual components of

Reflector radiator in exploded view,

4A is a side view of the upper part of the reflector radiator,

FIG. 4B shows an interior view of the upper part of the reflector radiator,

FIG. 4C is a plan view of the upper part,

FIG. 4D shows a longitudinal section through the upper part,

5A is an interior view of the central part of the reflector radiator,

FIG. 5B shows a longitudinal section through the central part,

FIG. 6A shows an interior view of the lower part of the reflector radiator,

Figure 6B is a longitudinal section through the lower part with spherical

Concave mirror,

Figure 6C is a longitudinal section through the lower part with paraboloidal

Concave mirror,

Figure 6D is a longitudinal section through the lower part with ellipsoidal

Concave mirror and

FIG. 7 shows the beam path in the reflector radiator.

Reference signs, not shown or not explained in detail, can be found in the preceding or following figures or explanations.

FIG. 1 shows an overall perspective view of the reflector emitter 01 according to the invention. Evident are a cover part 02, an upper part 03, a middle part 04 and a lower part 05 of the reflector radiator 01. In the selected embodiment, five evenly around the central concave mirror arranged round ellipsoidal sections are provided, resulting in the Middle part 04 gives the pentagonal shape. In this case, the representation of five Rotationsellipsoidenabschnitten is only exemplary, equally can also be two, three, four, six, seven to n Rotationsellipsoidenabschnitte be provided, the width thereof decreases. Embodiments with five, six or seven rotational ellipsoid sections are therefore to be preferred. Shown are also openings 06 for the use of screws for connecting the individual components with each other.

In the figure 2A, the reflector emitter 01 is shown from the side. Evident is a wavy line in the middle part 04, which is due to the gate, which produces the multi-beam symmetry. FIG. 2B shows a longitudinal section through the reflector radiator 01 along BB according to FIG. 2A. Shown is an axial Hauptabstrahlrichtung 07, which coincides in the selected embodiment with the central axis of the reflector 01 radiator. Differently oriented main emission directions, which fall through an aperture 08, are also readily realizable. Upper part 03, middle part 04 and lower part 05 together form a combined reflector 09. This consists in the selected embodiment of five Rotationsellipsoidenabschnitte 10, each having an opening 11. The formation geometry of each ellipsoidal section 10 is shown in FIG. 5D. Furthermore, the combined reflector 09 consists of a central concave mirror 12 in the lower part 05 of the reflector radiator 01. Furthermore, recesses 13 are shown in the middle part 04 with openings 06 for attachment. In the selected exemplary embodiment, a radiation source, for example an LED, is arranged in each recess 3 with a radiation direction in the direction of the rotational ellipse sections 10. In the upper part 03, a first ring reflector 15 with a mirrored paraboloid wall profile 34 is arranged around the aperture 09. In the middle part 04, a second ring reflector 16 is arranged above the cutting plane 17 of the central concave mirror 12.

At least in its upper region, the second ring reflector 16 also has an approximately at least partially paraboloidal (or even ellipsoidal) wall profile 34, the focal point 44 being at the focal point 30 of the Concave mirror 12 or at least in its range. Both the first ring reflector 15 and the second ring reflector 16 are formed in the embodiment shown by mirrored walls 14 in the interior of the reflector radiator 01. In the figure 2C, the wall course shown in the embodiment is shown in detail. For a simplified manufacturability is the

Wall course of the second ring reflector 16 composed of a plurality of straight surfaces 18, which connect the obtuse angles (indicated with x °, y °, z °) to each other.

FIG. 3 shows the sectional view according to FIG. 2B of the reflector radiator 01 from cover part 02, upper part 03, middle part 04 and lower part 05. Mirror surfaces 20 of the rotational ellipse sections 10 in FIG

Upper part 03 and the recesses 13 with openings 06 in the middle part 04 of the reflector radiator 01. All parts are by screw in the openings 06 with the interposition of sealing elements in the Ausführungsbeisp ^' iel O-rings (not shown) in grooves 47, pressure-tight connected to each other.

Furthermore, the first ring reflector 15 in the upper part 03 and the second ring reflector 16 in the middle part 04 above the sectional plane 17 of the central concave mirror 12 in the lower part 05 is shown. The central concave mirror 12 has an opening 19. In the cover part 02 and in the upper part 03 are cutouts 21 for inserting a transparent cover 45 (shown in phantom) of the aperture 08 in the upper part 03. The transparent cover 45 of the pressure seal and has in the selected embodiment, the beam collimated bundled light beam additionally collimating Fresnel 46 ,

FIG. 4A shows the top part 03 of the ring reflector 01 in a side view, and FIG. 4B shows the inside view. Clearly, the five mirror surfaces 20 of the Rotationsellpsoidenabschnitte 10, which are arranged uniformly around the aperture 08 to recognize. FIG. 4C shows a plan view of the upper part 03. In FIG. 4D, the section EE according to FIG. 4C is represented by the upper part 03. Evident is the first ring reflector 15 with the paraboloidal wall course. The parabola can penetrate into the aperture 08 at different depths. The vertex of the parabola is at a distance y from the vertex of the rotational ellipse section 10, so that the parabola has a penetration depth z into the aperture 08. It is advantageous to place the focal point 22 of the parabola in the aperture 08. Each rotational ellipsoid section 10 is formed from an ellipsoid of revolution 23 which is cut in a longitudinal section plane 26 extending through both focal points 24, 25 and in a cross-sectional plane 28 extending perpendicularly between its center 27 and one of its focal points 24, 25 (preferably 25). The rotary ellipse section 10 has a large radius R1 and a small radius R2. Between the center 27 and one of the focal points 24, 25 is the distance v. The longitudinal sectional plane 26 is inclined to the cutting plane 17 by n ° in the acute tilt angle 29. The focal point 25 of the rotary ellipse section 10 is at the same time the focal point 30 of the central concave mirror 12.

FIG. 5A shows the middle part 04 of the reflector emitter 01 in the interior view. To recognize five recesses 13, each with two openings 06 for fixing the radiation sources. FIG. 5B shows the section JJ according to FIG. 5A. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the recesses 13 and thus the LEDs (or other radiation sources) are pointed by n °

Inclination angle 31 in the focal point 30 of the central concave mirror 12 with respect to the cutting plane 17 (which is identical to the lower edge 32 of the middle part 05 after the assembly of all parts) inclined. The focal point 30 is removed by the distance s from a central arrangement of the LED in the recesses 13. The distance from the recess 13 to the tip of the LED measures the distance t.

FIG. 6A shows an inside view of the lower part 05 of the reflector radiator 01 with the central concave mirror 12. This can be designed to be spherical, paraboloidal or ellipsoidal in cross section. In Fig. 6B is a spherical one

Concave mirror 2 with the radius R and the cutting plane 17 at R / 2 in section GG shown in Figure 6A. The central emission axis 33 of the spherical concave mirror 12 extends through the focal point 30 of the circle 35 and is perpendicular to the section plane 17 through the circle 35. In the illustrated embodiment, the focal point 30 is at R / 2. It can lie between 0 and R and is defined as the point of intersection of the section plane 17 with the radius R. FIG. 6C shows the section with a paraboloid concave mirror 12

Section plane 17 has the distance u from the vertex of the parabola 36. In this case, u is at the same time the distance to the focal point 30. The central emission axis 33 of the paraboloidal concave mirror 12 extends through the selected focal point 30

(Intersection cutting plane 17 with radius R, for example at R / 2) and is perpendicular to the cutting plane 17. Figure 6D shows the section with an ellipsoidal concave mirror 12. The ellipse 37 has the large radius R1 and the small radius R2. The distance of the center point 38 from the cutting plane 17 measures the distance q. The central emission axis 33 runs through the center point 38 and is perpendicular to the section plane 17 or runs through the two focal points 30, 39 of the ellipse 37. The central emission axis 33 is generally congruent with the main emission direction 07 (see FIG. 2B) However, special applications may require angle deviations

(compare Figure 2B).

The concave mirror 12 which can be embodied in various cross-sectional shapes is always shown in the exemplary embodiments with a circular cross-section in the other plane. Likewise, however, solid shapes of the different cross sections in the other plane are possible. The respective one-dimensional Ab- beam axis through the focal point is then only extended to the two-dimensional emission surface with the same orientation with a corresponding focal line. At the reflection ratios in the reflector emitter 01 nothing changes. Extracted forms of the central concave mirror are particularly advantageous in the case of a larger number of radiation sources and therefore of ellipsoidal sections for reasons of arrangement (compare also the closest DE 10 2006 044 019 B4 to the invention). In the figure 7, the beam path in the reflector emitter 01 is shown according to the invention with tilted by the tilt angle 29 Rotationsellipsoidenabschnitten 10, the first ring reflector 15 and the second ring reflector 16 at the section BB in FIG 2B. It can clearly be seen that no light beam emanating from the radiation source 40 leaves the reflector emitter 01 directly through the aperture 08, so that in particular otherwise unused, diffuse marginal rays are coupled into the main emission direction 07 (cf. FIG. 2B). In a first emission angle region 41, the rays are guided by the associated ellipsoidal rotation section 10 into the central concave mirror 12 and from there through the focal point 30 through the aperture 08. In a second emission angle range 42, the rays are guided by the first ring reflector 15 through the aperture 08. In a third emission angle range 43, the rays are guided by the second ring reflector 16 into the central concave mirror 12 and from there through the aperture 08. As a result, the emission area of the radiation source 40 is utilized to at least 80%. The remaining 20% are directed as diffuse radiation through the aperture 08 and do not necessarily contribute to the main emission direction 07. However, the data apply to a radiation source 40 with an ideal hemispherical radiation below 180 °. However, directional characteristics of conventional radiation sources, such as LEDs, are at +/- 60 ° from their main axis, so that there is a better utilization of the emitted radiation by the reflector emitter 01 according to the invention. This has a particularly high efficiency. Highly concentrated beams of high intensity can be used for different sizes of the reflector emitter 01 according to the invention with only a hand-sized dimensioning

Applications are provided. LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

01 reflector spotlight

02 cover part

03 shell

04 middle part

05 lower part

06 opening

07 main emission direction

08 aperture

09 combined reflector

10 ellipsoidal section

11 opening of 10

12 central concave mirror

13 recess for 40

14 mirrored wall from 15, 16

15 first ring reflector

16 second ring reflector

17 cutting plane of 12

18 straight area for 16

19 Opening of 12

20 mirror surface of 10

21 milling out

22 focal point of 15

23 ellipsoid of revolution

24 inner focal point of 10

25 outer focus of 0

26 longitudinal section plane of 10

27 midpoint of 23

28 cross-sectional plane of 10

29 tilt angle between 0 and 2 Focal point of 12

Inclination angle between 13 or 40 and 12 lower edge of 05

central emission axis of 12

Wall of 15, 16

circle

parabola

ellipse

Midpoint of 37

outer focus of 37

radiation source

first beam angle range (for 12) second beam angle range (for 15) third beam angle range (for 16)

Focal point of 16

transparent cover

Fresnel

Groove (for O-ring)

Claims

claims

1. reflector emitter (01), which serves to generate a beam in a main direction (07) directed beam, with

• a combined reflector (09)

Two or more mirrored ellipsoidal sections (10), each having an opening (11) and formed from an ellipsoid of revolution (23) in a longitudinal section plane (26) passing through both foci (24, 25) and perpendicular thereto between its center (27) and one of its focal points (24, 25) extending cross-sectional plane (28) is cut,

With one focal point (24) within and the other focal point (25) outside each ellipsoid of revolution (10), and

A hollow concave mirror (12) having an opening (19), formed from a hollow body (35, 36, 37) having at least one focal point (30) and cut in a sectional plane (17), wherein

• the opening (11) of the Rotationsellipsoidenabschnitte (10) and the

Opening (19) of the concave mirror (12) are arranged opposite to each other,

• The outside focal points (25) of the ellipsoidal rotation sections (10) and the focal point (30) of the concave mirror (12) coincide and

The rotation ellipsoid sections (10) are arranged uniformly distributed around the concave mirror (12),

An aperture (08) arranged opposite the concave mirror (12), on the side of the ellipsoidal ellipsoidal sections (10),

At least two radiation sources (40) of known emission characteristics arranged in each case in the focal point (24) located within the rotation ellipsoid section (10) and with

• further internal reflective coatings,

characterized in that The longitudinal sectional planes (26) of the ellipsoidal rotation sections (10) and the sectional plane (17) of the concave mirror (12) as a function of the radiation characteristic of the radiation sources (40) under identical or different tilt angles (29) between 0 ° and 90 ° in the focal point (30 ) of the concave mirror (12) are arranged relative to one another,

and that

The aperture (08) is surrounded by a first ring reflector (15) and the concave mirror (12) by a second ring reflector (16) adjoining its cutting plane (17) in the direction of the aperture (08) as further internal reflective coatings,

Wherein the wall profile (34) of the first and second ring reflector (15, 16) is designed so that incident rays in the main emission direction (07) of the reflector emitter (01) or in the region of the focal point (30) of the concave mirror (12) become.

2. reflector emitter (01) according to claim 1,

characterized in that

the tilt angle (29) between the longitudinal planes (26) of the

Rotationsellipsoidenabschnitte (10) and the sectional plane (17) of the concave mirror (12) between 20 ° and 45 °, preferably between 25 ° and 40 °.

3. reflector emitter (01) according to claim 1 or 2,

characterized in that

the radiation sources (40) depending on the radiation characteristic to the cutting plane (17) of the concave mirror (12) at the same or different angles of inclination (31) between 0 ° and 80 °, preferably between 10 ° and 45 °, in particular by 35 ° inclined.

4. reflector radiator (01) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that

the concave mirror (12) is spherical (35), wherein the focal point (30) is in the sectional plane (17), paraboloidal (36) or ellipsoidal (37) or in a linearly extending form thereof, wherein in the linearly extended form a focal line is formed as a connecting line of the focal points (30).

5. reflector emitter (01) according to claim 4,

characterized in that

in the case of a spherical (35), paraboloidal (36) or ellipsoidal (37) concave mirror (12), a central emission axis (33) or in the case of an extended form thereof a central emission surface of the concave mirror (12) is aligned in the main emission direction (07).

6. reflector emitter (01) according to claim 4 or 5,

characterized in that

in the case of an ellipsoid (37) concave mirror (12), a focal point (39) lying outside the concave mirror (39) or, in the linearly extended form thereof, the focal line located outside the concave mirror (12) within the aperture (08) or above the aperture (08 ) is outside the reflector radiator (01).

7. reflector emitter (01) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that

at least the first ring reflector (15) has a paraboloidal wall profile (34), wherein the focal point (22) lies in the aperture (08).

8. reflector emitter (01) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that

the second ring reflector (16) has an at least partially parabolic or ellipsoidal wall profile (34), wherein the focal point (44) in

Area of the focal point (30) of the concave mirror (12).

9. reflector emitter (01) according to claim 8,

characterized in that

the wall profile (34) of the second ring reflector (16) is at least partially composed of a plurality of straight, angled abutting surfaces (18).

10. reflector emitter (01) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that

the first and second ring reflector (15, 16) are formed by mirrored walls (14) in the interior of the reflector radiator (01).

11. reflector emitter (01) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that

the aperture (08) is smaller than the rotational ellipsoid portion (10).

12. reflector emitter (01) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that

the reflector radiator (01) is designed in several parts, wherein in a three-part design in an upper part (03) the ellipsoidal rotation sections (10), the aperture (08) and the first ring reflector (15), in a central part (04)

Recesses (13) for the radiation sources (40) and the second ring reflector (16) and in a lower part (05) of the concave mirror (12) are arranged.

13. reflector emitter (01) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that

the reflector emitter (01) has a cover part (02) with a transparent cover (45) for the aperture (08).

14. reflector emitter (01) according to claim 13,

characterized in that

the transparent cover (45) has a beam-modifying optic, for example a Fresnel structure (46).

15. reflector emitter (01) according to claim 12, 13 and 14,

characterized in that

transparent cover (45), lid, upper, middle and lower part (02, 03, 04, 05) pressure-tight relative to the interior of the reflector radiator (01) are interconnected.

16. reflector emitter (01) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that

the radiation sources (40) are formed by halogen lamps, fluorescent lamps, UV lamps or light-emitting diodes.

17. reflector emitter (01) according to claim 16,

characterized in that

the light-emitting diodes as radiation sources (40) are formed in one or more colors and have a conical emission characteristic of +/- 60 ° from their central emission axis.