Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
  • B01J19/0006—Controlling or regulating processes
  • B01J19/002—Avoiding undesirable reactions or side-effects, e.g. avoiding explosions, or improving the yield by suppressing side-reactions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
  • C08G63/02—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
  • C08G63/06—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids
  • C08G63/08—Lactones or lactides
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
  • B01J19/18—Stationary reactors having moving elements inside
  • B01J19/1812—Tubular reactors
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
  • B01J2219/00002—Chemical plants
  • B01J2219/00027—Process aspects
  • B01J2219/00029—Batch processes
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
  • B01J2219/00002—Chemical plants
  • B01J2219/00027—Process aspects
  • B01J2219/00033—Continuous processes
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
  • B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
  • B01J2219/00164—Controlling or regulating processes controlling the flow
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
  • B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
  • B01J2219/00245—Avoiding undesirable reactions or side-effects
  • B01J2219/00247—Fouling of the reactor or the process equipment

Definitions

• Such devices are performed for example in mixing kneaders. These serve very diverse purposes.
• evaporation with solvent recovery which is carried out batchwise or continuously and often under vacuum.
• distillation residues and in particular toluene diisocyanates are treated, but also production residues with toxic or high-boiling solvents from chemistry and pharmaceutical production, washing solutions and paint sludge, polymer solutions, elastomer solutions from the solvent, adhesives and sealants.
• the apparatuses is also a continuous or batchwise contact drying, water and / or solvent-moist products, often also under vacuum, performed.
• the application is intended primarily for pigments, dyes, fine chemicals, additives such as salts, oxides, hydroxides, antioxidants, temperature-sensitive pharmaceutical and vitamin products, active ingredients, polymers, synthetic rubbers, polymer suspensions, latex, hydrogels, waxes, pesticides and residues from the chemical or pharmaceutical production, such as salts, catalysts, slags, waste liquors.
• a polycondensation reaction usually continuously and usually in the melt, take place and is mainly used in the treatment of polyamides, polyesters, polyacetates, polyimides, thermoplastics, elastomers, silicones, urea resins, phenolic resins, detergents and fertilizers.
• it has application to polymer melts after bulk polymerization to derivatives of methacrylic acid.
• a polymerization reaction likewise usually continuously. This is applied to polyacrylates, hydrogels, polyols, thermoplastic polymers, elastomers, syndiotactic polystyrene and polyacrylamides.
• degassing and / or devolatilization may take place. This is applied to polymer melts, after (co) polymerization of monomer (s), after condensation of polyester or polyamide melts, on spinning solutions for synthetic fibers and on polymer or elastomer granules or powder in the solid state.
• solid, liquid or multiphase reactions can take place in the mixing kneader. This is especially true for baking reactions, in the treatment of hydrofluoric acid, stearates, cyanides, polyphosphates, cyanuric acids, cellulose derivatives, esters, ethers, polyacetal resins, sulphanilic acids, Cu phthalocyanines, starch derivatives, ammonium polyphosphates, sulfonates, pesticides and fertilizers.
• reactions may take place solid / gaseous (e.g., carboxylation) or liquid / gaseous. This is used in the treatment of acetates, acids, Kolbe-Schmitt reactions, e.g. BON, Na salicylates, parahydroxibenzoates and pharmaceuticals.
• Dissolving and / or degassing in such mixing kneaders takes place in spinning solutions for synthetic fibers, polyamides, polyesters and celluloses.
• a so-called Flushing takes place in the treatment or production of pigments.
• a solid state postcondensation takes place in the production or treatment of polyesters, polycarbonates and polyamides, a continuous mashing eg in the treatment of fibers, eg cellulose fibers with solvents, a crystallization from the melt or from solutions in the treatment of salts, Fine chemicals, polyols, alcoholates, compounding, mixing (continuous and / or batchwise) in polymer blends, silicone compounds, sealants, fly ash, coagulating (especially continuous) in the treatment of polymer suspensions.
• a mixing kneader also multifunctional processes can be combined, for example heating, drying, melting, crystallizing, mixing, degassing, reacting - all this continuously or in batches. This produces and / or treats polymers, elastomers, inorganic products, residues, pharmaceutical products, food products, printing inks.
• vacuum sublimation / desublimation may also occur, thereby reducing chemical precursors, e.g. Anthrachinon, metal chlorides, ferrocenes, iodine, organometallic compounds, etc. are purified.
• chemical precursors e.g. Anthrachinon, metal chlorides, ferrocenes, iodine, organometallic compounds, etc.
• pharmaceutical intermediates can be prepared.
• a continuous carrier gas desublimation takes place, for example, in organic intermediates, for example anthraquinone and fine chemicals.
• a single-shaft and two-shaft mixing kneader are distinguished.
• a single-shaft mixing kneader is known, for example, from AT 334 328, CH 658 798 A5 or CH 686 406 A5.
• an axially extending, occupied with disc elements and rotating about a rotational axis in a rotational direction shaft is arranged in a housing. This causes the transport of the product in the transport direction.
• Between the disc elements are Counter-elements fixedly mounted on the housing.
• the disc elements are arranged in planes perpendicular to the kneader shaft and form between them free sectors, which form with the planes of adjacent disc elements Knüschreib.
• a multi-shaft mixing and kneading machine is described in CH-A 506 322.
• a mixing kneader of the abovementioned type is known, for example, from EP 0 517 068 B1. With him turn in a mixer housing two axially parallel shafts either in opposite directions or in the same direction. In this case, mixing bars applied to disk elements interact with each other. In addition to the function of mixing, the mixing bars have the task of cleaning product-contacted areas of the mixer housing, the shafts and the disk elements as well as possible and thus avoid unmixed zones.
• a mixing kneader of the above-mentioned type in which the support elements form a recess in the region of the kneading bars so that the kneading bar has as large an axial extent as possible.
• Such a mixing kneader has excellent self-cleaning of all product-contacting surfaces of the housing and the waves, but has the property that the support elements of the kneading bars due to the paths of the kneading bars make recesses necessary, which lead to complicated Tragelementformen. task
• the object of the present invention is to improve the reaction process in the educt or in the product.
• the educt is mixed with the catalyst before it is introduced into the housing.
• the process which is the subject of this invention, is based on a catalytic reaction, wherein the conversion and thus the necessary size of the reactor or the residence time of a mixture of reactant and product in the reactor of the concentration of catalyst in the mixture of starting material and Product of the reaction depends.
• the starting material and the product, as well as the catalyst should be well mixed or even better soluble in each other.
• the inventive method improves the mentioned limitations by the catalyst is mixed with a partial amount of the educt and then fed to the polymerization reactor. Since the catalyst concentration is higher, the reaction rate is correspondingly faster. The largely thoroughly reacted product is mixed with a further subset of starting material. The reaction rate will now be slower. This process is repeated until the total amount of starting material has been mixed in and reacted through.
• the concentration of catalyst is therefore identical to the case where the starting material was completely mixed in advance with catalyst, but the reaction was initially faster.
• a further advantage of the method according to the invention results from the fact that the back-mixed area around each individual feed point can be set separately with regard to the degree of conversion and the temperature level. Many reactions are exothermic and therefore require accurate temperature control.
• the temperature level is set when starting the process and then kept on the energy balance. If there is only one feed point, only one temperature level can be adjusted.
• the portion of the reactor downstream, which is not adequately remixed with the area of the feed gets its feedstock with educt and product from the previous back-mixed apparatus part and is therefore not independently regulate.
• the degree of conversion and the temperature level over the entire reactor space can be adjusted by controlling the other feed points in terms of time and quantity. For this purpose, separate protection is sought after.
• Partially back-mixed reactors are, for example, large-volume, horizontal kneaders, the mixing in the wave direction being hindered by corresponding installations on the shaft or the housing. These apparatuses have a good radial and tangential mixing effect. The product flow and thus the orientation of the backmixing is therefore realized in the wave direction.
• the accompanying drawing is a graphical representation of the process of the invention

Landscapes

• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
• Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
• Mixers Of The Rotary Stirring Type (AREA)
• Other Resins Obtained By Reactions Not Involving Carbon-To-Carbon Unsaturated Bonds (AREA)
• Catalysts (AREA)
• Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Publications (1)

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ID=47790142

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (11)

Citations (4)

Family Cites Families (20)

• 2013
  • 2013-02-08 WO PCT/EP2013/052498 patent/WO2013117677A1/de active Application Filing
  • 2013-02-08 US US14/377,635 patent/US20160009855A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2013-02-08 BR BR112014019591A patent/BR112014019591A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2013-02-08 SG SG11201404646WA patent/SG11201404646WA/en unknown
  • 2013-02-08 CN CN201380008830.2A patent/CN104159664A/zh active Pending
  • 2013-02-08 CA CA2863853A patent/CA2863853A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2013-02-08 KR KR1020147023867A patent/KR20140129063A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2013-02-08 EP EP13707287.2A patent/EP2812109A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2013-02-08 RU RU2014128904A patent/RU2014128904A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2013-02-08 JP JP2014556059A patent/JP2015509444A/ja active Pending
  • 2013-02-18 TW TW102105580A patent/TW201336584A/zh unknown

Patent Citations (4)

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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