EP2804259B1 - Radom für eine Antenne mit Konkavreflektor - Google Patents

Radom für eine Antenne mit Konkavreflektor Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2804259B1
EP2804259B1 EP13305610.1A EP13305610A EP2804259B1 EP 2804259 B1 EP2804259 B1 EP 2804259B1 EP 13305610 A EP13305610 A EP 13305610A EP 2804259 B1 EP2804259 B1 EP 2804259B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
radome
reflector
absorbent material
antenna according
antenna
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP13305610.1A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2804259A1 (de
Inventor
Armel Lebayon
Denis Tuau
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nokia Shanghai Bell Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Alcatel Lucent Shanghai Bell Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alcatel Lucent Shanghai Bell Co Ltd filed Critical Alcatel Lucent Shanghai Bell Co Ltd
Priority to EP13305610.1A priority Critical patent/EP2804259B1/de
Priority to CN201480027457.XA priority patent/CN105556746B/zh
Priority to PCT/IB2014/061437 priority patent/WO2014184755A2/en
Priority to US14/890,701 priority patent/US10224640B2/en
Publication of EP2804259A1 publication Critical patent/EP2804259A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2804259B1 publication Critical patent/EP2804259B1/de
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q19/12—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave
    • H01Q19/13—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave the primary radiating source being a single radiating element, e.g. a dipole, a slot, a waveguide termination
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/42—Housings not intimately mechanically associated with radiating elements, e.g. radome
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q17/00—Devices for absorbing waves radiated from an antenna; Combinations of such devices with active antenna elements or systems
    • H01Q17/001—Devices for absorbing waves radiated from an antenna; Combinations of such devices with active antenna elements or systems for modifying the directional characteristic of an aerial
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q17/00—Devices for absorbing waves radiated from an antenna; Combinations of such devices with active antenna elements or systems
    • H01Q17/008—Devices for absorbing waves radiated from an antenna; Combinations of such devices with active antenna elements or systems with a particular shape
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/02—Details
    • H01Q19/021—Means for reducing undesirable effects
    • H01Q19/026—Means for reducing undesirable effects for reducing the primary feed spill-over
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q19/18—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces having two or more spaced reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q19/19—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces having two or more spaced reflecting surfaces comprising one main concave reflecting surface associated with an auxiliary reflecting surface

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a telecommunication antenna with concave reflector having for example the shape of at least one parabola portion.
  • These antennas in particular of the microwave type, are usually used in mobile communication networks. These antennas operate indifferently in transmitter mode or in receiver mode, corresponding to two opposite directions of RF wave propagation.
  • the value of the reflector diameter is determined by the central working frequency of the antenna. The lower the working frequency of the antenna, the greater the diameter of the reflector at equivalent antenna gain.
  • the F / D ratio is less than or equal to 0.25.
  • F is the focal length of the reflector (distance between the top of the reflector and its focus)
  • D is the diameter of the reflector.
  • the document US 2006/238404 describes a radar covered by a radome, parts of absorbent material are disposed on the inner surface of the radome to avoid receiving signals from undesired directions.
  • a usual solution is to attach to the periphery of the parabolic reflector a cylindrical wall, also called skirt ("shroud" in English), of diameter close to that of the reflector and of suitable height, most often coated with a material absorbing the RF radiation.
  • skirt in English
  • the use of an expensive absorbent skirt is necessary to limit the overflow effect and improve the performance of the antenna. Nevertheless, this solution increases the cost of the antenna, its dimensions and makes more complex the packaging for the transport.
  • radome which has an impervious protective surface partitioning the space defined by the reflector and the skirt vis-à-vis the outside.
  • This radome can be flexible or rigid, plane or not, and of any shape.
  • a rigid circular radome, the most used at present, has the advantage of good resistance to the external climatic environment such as rain, wind or snow.
  • the goal is to propose a radome to obtain a radiation pattern leading to satisfactory performance, consistent with existing standards, with a small impact on the gain of the antenna.
  • the invention relates to a concave reflector antenna, according to the object of claim 1, comprising a radome fixed directly on the edge of the reflector, the inner surface of the radome having at least one absorbent part partially covering its surface and arranged on the along its peripheral edge.
  • the radome is "fixed directly to the reflector edge" because the reflector has no skirt so that the radome is not attached to a skirt, but directly to the reflector.
  • the surface of the radome covered by the absorbent part (s) is less than 15% of the total area.
  • the absorbent member has a substantially triangular shape, the base of the absorbent member being rounded along the edge of the radome.
  • the absorbent piece has a substantially triangular shape, a part of its surface having been removed laterally, the base of the absorbent piece following the edge of the radome.
  • the removed surface portion is constituted by the removal of surfaces on each side of the triangle in an arcuate cut.
  • the removed surface portion consists of the elimination of surfaces on each side of the triangle in an isosceles triangle-shaped cutout.
  • the radome comprises two absorbent parts in diametrically opposite position.
  • the radome has been modified by the addition of absorbent material parts with a particularly studied shape to reduce the overflow and at least maintain the performance of the radiation pattern with the least impact on the gain, without it being necessary to add a skirt.
  • the length of the base of the absorbent part is between D / 5 and 2D / 5 where D is the diameter of the radome.
  • the radome is circular, plane and rigid.
  • a microwave antenna with low overflow is a guarantee of transmission / reception quality because it makes it possible to achieve the radio link with very little interference between the neighboring antennas, in particular in a zone with a high density of antennas.
  • this antenna is less expensive, smaller in size and easier to transport than antennas of the prior art.
  • the radiation R in dB is given in ordinate, and in abscissa the angle of emission / reception ⁇ in degrees.
  • the figure 1 illustrates an antenna 1 comprising a concave primary reflector 2 and a secondary reflector 3.
  • the antenna 1 is fed by a waveguide 4 which may be a metal hollow tube, for example aluminum.
  • the reflectors 2, 3 are protected by a radome 5.
  • This antenna 1 does not have an absorbent skirt.
  • the waveguide 4 emits incident radiation towards the secondary reflector 3 which is reflected towards the primary reflector 2, forming the main beam 6 towards a receiver. However, part of the incident radiation is returned in a divergent direction and causes losses by overflow 7. Another part of the radiation is reflected by the primary reflector 2, but this reflected radiation is masked by the secondary reflector 3 which returns it again to the primary reflector 2. It is then reflected by the primary reflector 2 and returned in a divergent direction, causing loss by mask effect 8.
  • an antenna 10 comprises a concave primary reflector 11 and a secondary reflector 12.
  • the antenna 10 is powered by a waveguide 13.
  • the reflectors 11, 12 are protected by a radome 14.
  • the waveguide 13 emits a incident radiation towards the secondary reflector 12 , a portion 15 is returned in a divergent direction.
  • Absorbent parts 16 are disposed on the inner face of the radome 14 along the edge of the primary reflector 11. The diverging lateral radiation 15 is absorbed by the parts 16 and the overflow is thus avoided, without compromising the other characteristics.
  • the figure 3 30 illustrates a microwave antenna reflector 31 deep concave circular opening, protected by a radome 32 which is here a rigid radome plan.
  • a ring 33 of absorbent material of width H0 is disposed on the inner face 34 of the radome 32 along the peripheral edge of the reflector 31.
  • the width H0 of the absorbent ring 33 depends on the reduction of the overflow.
  • the presence of the absorbent ring 33 makes it possible to significantly reduce the overflow losses.
  • the impact of the absorbent ring 33 on the gain of the antenna 30 will be relatively high because of the large area of the radome covered by the ring, which should not, however, exceed 25% of the surface area. total, and preferably not to exceed 15%.
  • the absorbent parts 43 have a particular shape: here substantially triangular, the base of the absorbent part along the edge of the radome which is rounded. From the height H1 of the absorbent part depends the reduction of the overflow and the length B1 of the base of the absorbent part 43 acts on the forward / backward ratio of the antenna, that is to say the ratio between the intensity of the main lobe radiation at the front of the antenna and the intensity of the back lobe at 180 °, here in the horizontal plane.
  • the absorbent parts 43 cover at most 15% of the interior surface of the radome 42.
  • Absorbent parts 53 are arranged on the inner face 54 of the radome 52 along the edge of the reflector 51.
  • the absorbent part 53 is made of an absorbent material such as for example a carbon impregnated polyurethane foam.
  • the thickness of an absorbent part 53 is less than 20 mm, and preferably of the order of 12 mm.
  • the absorbent pieces 53 are placed diametrically opposite to improve the performance in the horizontal plane.
  • the absorbent parts 53 cover at most 15% of the inner surface of the radome 52. Above 15%, the impact of the presence of the absorbent parts 53 on the gain of the antenna becomes important and the secondary lobes of the radiation increase. In this case the absorbent parts 53 cover about 10% of the interior surface of the radome 52. The forward / backward ratio of the radiation pattern is then significantly improved with little impact on the gain (0.3 dB maximum).
  • the length B2 of the base of the triangular absorbent piece 53 is large enough to obtain a high forward / back ratio.
  • the shape of the base of the absorbent part 53 is adapted to that of the edge of the reflector to reduce effectively overflow without the need to increase the height H2 of the absorbent part 53.
  • the height H2 of the absorbent part 53 has a direct impact on the angle range around 60 ° of the radiation pattern of a deep parabolic reflector antenna.
  • the length of the base B2 is preferably between D / 5 and 2D / 5.
  • the ratio B2 / H2 between the length of the base B2 and the height H2 of the absorbent part 53 is preferably between 1 and 2: 1 ⁇ B2 / H2 ⁇ 2.
  • the absorbent piece has the shape of a triangle of which part of the surface has been removed.
  • the particular shape of the absorbent piece 53 is preferably obtained by eliminating rounded surfaces 60 on each side of the triangle in a cutout which may take the form of a circular arc 61, as shown in FIG. figure 6 for example, without modifying the height H2 of the absorbent part 53.
  • the rounded surface or circular segment 60 is a part of a disk 62 defined as a domain separated from the remainder of the disk 62 by a secant cord or straight line 63.
  • the circular segment 60 is the portion of the disk between the secant line 63 and the arc 61.
  • the shape of the absorbent part 53 is calculated to obtain a favorable compromise between the reduction of the overflow, the improvement of the forward / backward ratio and the impact on the gain of the antenna 50.
  • the value of the electromagnetic field of the major part of the central surface of the radome 52 decreases quite rapidly as one approaches the peripheral edge of the circular radome 52 .
  • the particular shape of the absorbent part 53 placed near the edge of the radome 52 makes it possible to create a progressive transition zone between the edge and the central surface of the radome 52.
  • the particular shape of the absorbent piece is preferably obtained from a substantially triangular shape by eliminating surfaces on the sides of the triangle so as to reduce the area corresponding to the tip of the triangle while preserving as much of the surface as possible. based.
  • This shape is obtained by a cutout which may in particular take the form of an arc 61 as illustrated on the Figures 5 and 6 , or a Gaussian curve, or else any other form to achieve the desired goal such as a triangle as on the figure 7 or a rectangle like on the figure 8 for example.
  • the figure 7 illustrates a third embodiment of a circular concave reflector 71 microwave antenna 70 protected by a radome 72 rigid plane of circular shape.
  • Absorbent 73 pieces are arranged on the inner face 74 of the radome 72.
  • the absorbent part 73 has substantially the shape of a triangle of height H3 and B3 whose basic length of the surfaces 75 have been removed laterally by a cutting form substantially triangular.
  • the base of the absorbent piece 73 is rounded to conform to the shape of the edge of the circular opening of the reflector 72.
  • the figure 8 illustrates a fourth embodiment of a circular microwave antenna 80 reflector circular concave 81 protected by a radome 82 rigid plane of circular shape.
  • Absorbent pieces 83 are disposed on the inner face 84 of the radome 82.
  • the absorbent piece 83 has substantially the shape of a round-headed tee so as to match the shape of the edge of the circular opening of the reflector 82, of height H4 and base length B4. It derives from the triangular shape by removal of surfaces 85 substantially cut in the shape of an isosceles triangle, in particular a right isosceles triangle.
  • the figure 9 illustrates the radiation of a deep reflector antenna having a forward / backward ratio of 0.2.
  • the main reflector of this antenna of the prior art does not have a skirt.
  • Curve 90 illustrates the radiation pattern in the 10GHz frequency band of the primary reflector in the horizontal plane.
  • the reference curve 91 represents the standard profile corresponding to the ETSI class 3 model. Zones 92 correspond to poor performance due to a high level of overflow losses. In zones 93, the side lobes exceed the ETSI standard. In the absence of a skirt, the direct consequence is that the radiation pattern has high overflow peaks in the angular areas 92 corresponding to the edge of the parabolic primary reflector, and an increase in the side lobes corresponding to the zones 93.
  • the figure 10 illustrates the radiation of a deep reflector antenna whose radome comprises absorbent parts according to the first embodiment.
  • Curve 100 illustrates the radiation pattern in the 10 GHz frequency band of the primary reflector in the horizontal plane.
  • the reference curve 101 represents the standard profile corresponding to the ETSI class 3 model.
  • the zones 102 correspond to the edge of the reflector where a smaller overflow occurs than in the previous figure.
  • the zones 103 correspond to the side lobes which are very much diminished.
  • the values of the radiation diagram remain here within the limits of the maximum values allowed by the template of class 3 ETSI despite the absence of skirt.
  • the figure 11 illustrates the radiation pattern of a deep reflector antenna whose radome comprises absorbent parts according to the second embodiment.
  • Curve 110 illustrates the radiation pattern in the 10 GHz frequency band of the primary reflector in the horizontal plane.
  • the reference curve 111 represents the standard profile corresponding to the ETSI class 3 model.
  • the zones 112 correspond to the edge of the reflector where the overflow occurs and the zones 113 correspond to the side lobes.
  • the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described, but it is capable of many variants accessible to those skilled in the art.
  • An embodiment described comprises two absorbent parts in diametrically opposite position. We can consider using an even higher number (4, 6, 8, etc.) of absorbent parts according to the compromise that we are willing to accept between the reduction of overflow losses and the impact on the gain. of the antenna.

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  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Antenne (10, 40, 50, 70, 80), umfassend einen konkaven Reflektor (11, 41, 51, 71, 81) mit einer kreisförmigen Öffnung, der mit einem peripheren Rand und einem Radom (14, 42, 52, 72, 82) versehen ist, wobei der Reflektor (11, 41, 51, 71, 81) durch das Radom (14, 42, 52, 72, 82) geschützt ist, das direkt an dem peripheren Rand des Reflektors (11, 41, 51, 71, 81) fixiert ist, wobei das Radom (14, 42, 52, 72, 82) eine Innenfläche (44, 74, 84) umfasst, die zu dem Reflektor (11, 41, 51, 71, 81) gewandt ist, umfassend außerdem mindestens ein Stück aus einem absorbierenden Material (16, 43, 53, 73, 83), das auf der Innenfläche (44, 74, 84) des Radoms (14, 42, 52, 72, 82) aufgebracht ist und entlang des peripheren Rands des Reflektors (11, 41, 51, 71, 81) angeordnet ist, wobei das mindestens eine Stück aus einem absorbierenden Material eine im Wesentlichen dreieckige Form aufweist, deren Spitze zur zentralen Achse der kreisförmigen Öffnung gerichtet ist, und deren Basis, dem peripheren Rand des Reflektors (11, 41, 51, 71, 81) folgend, abgerundet ist,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die im Wesentlichen dreieckige Form der Kontaktfläche zwischen dem mindestens einen Stück aus einem absorbierenden Material und dem Radom (14, 42, 52, 72, 82) entspricht.
  2. Antenne nach Anspruch 2, wobei die Fläche des Radoms (14, 42, 52, 72, 82), die von dem oder den Stücken aus einem absorbierenden Material (16, 43, 53, 73, 83) bedeckt wird, kleiner ist als 15 % der Gesamtfläche der Innenfläche (44, 74, 84) des Radoms (14, 42, 52, 72, 82).
  3. Antenne nach einem der Ansprüche 1 und 2, wobei das Stück aus einem absorbierenden Material (53, 73, 83) eine Fläche aufweist, die kleiner ist als das Dreieck, das die Basis mit dem Scheitel verbindet.
  4. Antenne nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, umfassend mindestens zwei Stücke aus einem absorbierenden Material (16, 43, 53, 73, 83) in diametral gegenüberliegender Position.
  5. Antenne nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, wobei die Stücke aus einem absorbierenden Material als Ring angeordnet sind, der aus einer Folge von Dreiecken gebildet ist.
  6. Antenne nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, wobei das Stück aus einem absorbierenden Material (53, 73, 83) die Form eines Dreiecks aufweist, das an einem Teil (60, 75, 85) seiner Seitenfläche beschnitten ist.
  7. Antenne nach Anspruch 6, wobei die Seiten des Dreiecks einen Kreisbogen (61) bilden.
  8. Antenne nach Anspruch 6, wobei die Seiten des Dreiecks einen einwärtsspringenden Winkel bilden.
  9. Antenne nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Länge (B1, B2, B3, B4) der Basis des Stücks aus einem absorbierenden Material (16, 43, 53, 73, 83) zwischen D/5 und 2D/5 liegt, wobei D der Durchmesser des Radoms (14, 42, 52, 72, 82) ist.
  10. Antenne nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei das Verhältnis der Länge (B1, B2, B3, B4) der Basis des Stücks aus einem absorbierenden Material (16, 43, 53, 73, 83) zur Höhe (H1, H2, H3, H4) des Stücks aus einem absorbierenden Material zwischen 1 und 2 liegt.
  11. Antenne nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei das Radom (14, 42, 52, 72, 82) kreisförmig, eben und starr ist.
EP13305610.1A 2013-05-15 2013-05-15 Radom für eine Antenne mit Konkavreflektor Active EP2804259B1 (de)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP13305610.1A EP2804259B1 (de) 2013-05-15 2013-05-15 Radom für eine Antenne mit Konkavreflektor
CN201480027457.XA CN105556746B (zh) 2013-05-15 2014-05-14 用于带凹面反射器的天线的天线罩
PCT/IB2014/061437 WO2014184755A2 (en) 2013-05-15 2014-05-14 Radome for an antenna with a concave-reflector
US14/890,701 US10224640B2 (en) 2013-05-15 2014-05-14 Radome for an antenna with a concave-reflector

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP13305610.1A EP2804259B1 (de) 2013-05-15 2013-05-15 Radom für eine Antenne mit Konkavreflektor

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2804259A1 EP2804259A1 (de) 2014-11-19
EP2804259B1 true EP2804259B1 (de) 2019-09-18

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EP13305610.1A Active EP2804259B1 (de) 2013-05-15 2013-05-15 Radom für eine Antenne mit Konkavreflektor

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US (1) US10224640B2 (de)
EP (1) EP2804259B1 (de)
CN (1) CN105556746B (de)
WO (1) WO2014184755A2 (de)

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US10224640B2 (en) 2019-03-05
CN105556746B (zh) 2019-05-07
EP2804259A1 (de) 2014-11-19
CN105556746A (zh) 2016-05-04
US20160087345A1 (en) 2016-03-24

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