EP2802944B1 - Watch movement comprising a tourbillon for a chronograph - Google Patents

Watch movement comprising a tourbillon for a chronograph Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2802944B1
EP2802944B1 EP13700145.9A EP13700145A EP2802944B1 EP 2802944 B1 EP2802944 B1 EP 2802944B1 EP 13700145 A EP13700145 A EP 13700145A EP 2802944 B1 EP2802944 B1 EP 2802944B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
regulating member
chronograph
watch movement
balance
movement according
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EP13700145.9A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2802944A1 (en
Inventor
Guy Semon
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LVMH Swiss Manufactures SA
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LVMH Swiss Manufactures SA
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Priority claimed from CH00038/12A external-priority patent/CH705998A1/en
Application filed by LVMH Swiss Manufactures SA filed Critical LVMH Swiss Manufactures SA
Publication of EP2802944A1 publication Critical patent/EP2802944A1/en
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Publication of EP2802944B1 publication Critical patent/EP2802944B1/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/20—Compensation of mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/28—Compensation of mechanisms for stabilising frequency for the effect of imbalance of the weights, e.g. tourbillon
    • G04B17/285—Tourbillons or carrousels
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B1/00—Driving mechanisms
    • G04B1/10—Driving mechanisms with mainspring
    • G04B1/12—Driving mechanisms with mainspring with several mainsprings
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04F—TIME-INTERVAL MEASURING
    • G04F7/00—Apparatus for measuring unknown time intervals by non-electric means
    • G04F7/04—Apparatus for measuring unknown time intervals by non-electric means using a mechanical oscillator
    • G04F7/08—Watches or clocks with stop devices, e.g. chronograph
    • G04F7/0866—Special arrangements

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a tourbillon chronograph watch movement.
  • the march of the mechanical regulating organs depends on the position of the watch; the gravity tends to create gaps especially when the watch and held vertically which tends to deform the spiral under its own weight.
  • the vortex was imagined by A.-L. Breguet. It generally comprises a movable cage which carries the regulating member and rotates it to compensate for the influence of gravity in different positions.
  • the cage is usually 1 turn per minute.
  • a vortex can be considered as an epicyclic train where the escape wheel and the anchor constitute a sun gear, the escape mobile as a satellite and the cage as a satellite door.
  • a difficulty in designing a vortex is often to manage the compromise between oscillator frequency and rotation speed of the cage. This is to design a planetary gear where the speed of entry and exit are imposed with limited space. It is precisely this compromise that makes most vortices work to display the seconds directly using a 4Hz oscillator and a 20-tooth escape wheel. However, often the congestion realities constrain the gear ratios and require adjustment of the frequency of the oscillator.
  • EP1738230 describes a mechanical movement watch having at least two swirls mounted on a common rotating support and coupled by a differential gear that averages the march of the two movements.
  • CH697523 describes a movement comprising a frame and disposed on this frame two barrels and two finishing wheels forming two kinematic chains and two regulators.
  • a differential gear connected to the two kinematic chains makes it possible to average the steps of the two regulators.
  • EP1706796 describes a watch movement comprising a time base with two rockers and two escapements and a differential gear.
  • the time base comprises at least two vortices each provided with a cage carrying an escapement and a balance. Both cages are rotated by the differential gear.
  • GB190606858 describes a watch movement comprising a vortex with a pendulum and an escapement mechanism.
  • the pinion of the exhaust is driven by the fourth wheel, the position of the fourth wheel not being affected by the introduction of the vortex.
  • the tourbillon is driven by one of the wheels of the movement of the watch. It is also possible to add to the movement described an ordinary chronograph movement. This chronograph movement adds to the basic movement of which it is not a part. This solution can therefore only be applied to bulky watches, capable of accommodating two distinct movements.
  • the gain of precision brought by the tourbillon only benefits the measurement of the current time; the measurement of durations timed by the chronograph movement remains imprecise, especially when the chronograph is held in a position other than that for which it was calibrated.
  • the whirlwinds were primarily useful for pocket watches worn on the gusset and therefore most of the time in a vertical position. Their usefulness is less great for wristwatches whose position changes more often.
  • a vortex associated with a conventional regulating organ at 2.5 or 4Hz only allows to count time with a resolution of 1 / 5th or 1 / 8th of a second ... in all cases this resolution is not sufficient to a precise measurement in the tenth or hundredth of a second, and the use of a vortex does not change anything.
  • a chronometer is called a high-precision watch, usually having obtained an official bulletin issued by an observatory or other organization. Many tourbillon watches, but also other watches, are chronometers.
  • a chronograph is a watch having at least one needle that can be turned on and then stopped by means of a pusher to measure a duration. Many chronographs also feature hands for displaying the current time in addition to displaying the measured time.
  • a chronograph is qualified as a stopwatch if it is able to display the current time with the accuracy required by the certification tests.
  • chronograph watches equipped with a regulating organ tourbillon and able to display the current time with great accuracy.
  • Chronometry tests only check the display accuracy of the current time, but not that of the chronograph time measurement. In addition, the measurement of accuracy is usually performed when the chronograph is stopped.
  • chronographs known as chronometers can sometimes measure and display timed times with insufficient accuracy.
  • the inertia, games, friction in the chronograph chain are not the same as those that occur or are required in the driveline for displaying the current time. Therefore, a regulating member that provides excellent accuracy for measuring the current time may be poor or unsuitable for measuring a timed duration.
  • the number of alternations per unit of time determines the temporal resolution of the regulator.
  • a mechanical watch displaying the seconds of the current time must comprise a regulating member performing at least 3,600 vibrations per hour.
  • the usual regulating bodies perform 28,800 or sometimes 36'000 vibrations per hour, which makes it possible to measure the time with a resolution of 0.125 or 0.1 seconds, respectively.
  • the temporal resolution is improved, allowing shorter time intervals to be counted.
  • An improved temporal resolution is especially useful for chronographs, for which a temporal resolution of the tenth or hundredth of a second, or more finely, is sometimes desired.
  • a high oscillation frequency however, generates a higher energy consumption, especially at the exhaust, which reduces the power reserve of the watch. For this reason, the oscillation frequency chosen is usually a compromise between the resolution requirements of the chronograph and the desire to maintain as high a power reserve as possible for the display of the current time.
  • EP335054 describes a watch movement in which all the components are split and thus constitute two autonomous assemblies for displaying two time zones.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a chronograph watch movement free from the limitations of known movements.
  • Another object of the invention is to propose a chronograph watch movement which makes it possible to measure timed durations with very high precision, both over long durations and for short periods of time, and without disturbing the measurement of the time. current when the chronograph is used.
  • the first transmission chain is kinematically linked to the first regulating member and the first set of indicators to indicate the current time, so that the first regulating member adjusts the march of the indicators of the first set through the first set of indicators.
  • transmission channel while the second transmission chain is kinematically linked to the second regulating member and the second set of indicators to indicate a timed duration, so that the second regulating member adjusts the operation of the indicators of the second set through the second chain of transmission.
  • the invention starts from the observation that the high-frequency regulating members that can now be made open new fields of application to vortices.
  • a whirlwind dedicated to the chronograph makes it possible to improve the accuracy of the measurement of duration timed by the chronograph.
  • the use of a tourbillon dedicated to the chronograph is particularly useful since the chronograph is often used in vertical or near vertical position when the user looks at his dial.
  • a tourbillon is advantageous in the context of a sporting use during which shocks or vibrations disturb the spiral spring; its rotation makes it easier to smooth out errors
  • the use of a dual chain also allows, from the same base, to make several watches adapted to different uses by changing only the regulating organ of the chronograph.
  • the present invention also relates to a watch equipped with two vortices that perform rotations at different speeds from each other, regardless of the function assigned to these two vortices.
  • the present invention also relates to a watch equipped with two vortices which perform rotations at speeds independent of each other, independently of the function assigned to these two vortices.
  • vortex is to be interpreted in this application in its broadest acceptance, and also includes regulating members rotating in a cage at a frequency different from the rotation frequency of the usual vortices.
  • the vortex can rotate continuously or jerkily.
  • the tourbillon can be constituted by a carousel. Each vortex can rotate around an axis perpendicular to the platen, or around an axis not perpendicular to the platen, or simultaneously around several axes.
  • the first regulating member may comprise another vortex.
  • the first regulating member may comprise another vortex oriented differently than the tourbillon intended for the chronograph.
  • the first regulating member may also be devoid of vortex.
  • the first regulating member oscillates at a first oscillation frequency and the second regulating member oscillates at a second oscillation frequency which may be greater than the first oscillation frequency.
  • the accuracy or resolution for time measurement with the chronograph is better than for the measurement of time.
  • the energy consumption of the first regulating organ dedicated to the measurement of the current time is, however, less than the energy consumption of the second regulating organ dedicated to the measurement of a timed duration.
  • the duration of rotation of the first vortex dedicated to the measurement of the current time may be greater than the duration of rotation of the second vortex dedicated to the measurement of a timed duration. So, the second vortex performs finer averaging of errors due to a variable orientation of movement during the duration measurement.
  • the two measurement chains are not coupled. This means that the position of each indicator depends only on one of the two regulating organs.
  • the first time measurement system may include a first cylinder and the second time measurement system may include a second cylinder.
  • the first time measurement system may comprise one or more barrels.
  • the second time measurement system may comprise one or more barrels.
  • the second barrel (or barrels) can be arranged to be unloaded independently of the first barrel (or barrels) when the chronograph is started.
  • the use of the chronograph does not affect the power reserve of the first system for measuring and displaying the current time. There is no energy transfer between the two barrels.
  • the torque required to drive the second measurement system does not create any disturbance on the first measurement system.
  • the watch movement includes a chronograph start button for initiating the measurement of a timed duration using the second time measuring system, and a launcher for actuating the rotation of the second vortex when the start button is pressed.
  • the second time measuring system, and in particular the second vortex can thus be stopped when the chronograph is not used, and started almost instantaneously thanks to the launcher when the chronograph is started.
  • the launcher may include an elastically deformable member to accumulate energy and restore it almost instantly when the start button is actuated.
  • the second time measurement system may include a pendulum.
  • the launcher can be arranged to move in a plane different from that of said pendulum. So, the planar clutter of the launcher-pendulum assembly is minimal, since at least a part of the pendulum can be above or above the pendulum.
  • the second time measuring system may comprise a spiral mounted on an axis.
  • the launcher can be arranged to give a pulse on this axis when the start button is actuated.
  • the launcher may be arranged to pulse a hub or a range of that axis when the start button is actuated.
  • One of the regulating members may comprise a rocker above the spiral, and the other regulating member may comprise a rocker below the spiral.
  • the two pendulums can be in different planes, which reduces the overall size.
  • the two spirals can be in different planes.
  • the two vortices can be seen simultaneously on the same face of the movement, for example on the front face.
  • the figure 1 illustrates in block diagram form a watch movement according to the invention.
  • the figure 2 illustrates a perspective view from above of the main elements of the movement, the plate and the bridges having been removed to improve readability.
  • the figure 3 illustrates a perspective view from beneath the main elements of the movement, the plate and the bridges having been removed to improve readability.
  • the figure 1 schematically illustrates a mechanical watch movement according to the invention.
  • One possible embodiment is illustrated on the figures 2 and 3 .
  • the illustrated movement comprises a dual chain, that is to say a first time measuring system 1 for measuring and displaying the current time, and a second time measuring system 2 intended for the measuring and displaying a timed duration.
  • Measurement chains may also be provided for measuring and displaying a second timed measurement, a second time zone, etc.
  • the first measuring system 1 comprises a cylinder 13 with a high power reserve, for example 40 hours or more, the energy of which is transmitted to a first transmission chain 12 based on gears and / or belts, in order to cause indicators of the current time 120, for example hours, minutes, seconds hands, date discs, or other indicators allowing the user to determine the current time.
  • the barrel 13 can be raised manually by means of an unillustrated crown and / or automatically by means of a not shown oscillating mass.
  • An exhaust 11 makes it possible to brake and regulate the winding chain 12 so that the indicators move in an isochronous manner.
  • the exhaust may for example be a Swiss lever escapement, or any other suitable exhaust.
  • the exhaust transmits a portion of the energy from the barrel 13 to a first regulating member 10 which regulates the operation of the exhaust.
  • the first regulating member comprises in this example a first balance 102 and a first balance spring 101.
  • the first balance 102 may be of the variable inertia type with fine adjustment parietal weights. It performs a first number of alternations per hour, for example 21,600 vibrations per hour or 28,800 vibrations per hour. The number of alternations of the first balance is voluntarily limited in order to guarantee a sufficient power reserve of the first measurement system.
  • the first regulating member 10 is preferably mounted in a cage 100 in rotation and meshing with a fixed gear. It is therefore a whirlpool, for example a classic whirlpool or a carousel.
  • the cage 100 comprises vertical pillars 105.
  • the first vortex for example, performs one complete revolution per minute, and makes it possible to compensate for the effects of gravity on the operation of the first measurement system during long periods of measurement.
  • the second measuring system 2 comprises a barrel 23 whose energy is transmitted to a second transmission chain 22 based on gears and / or belts, in order to cause indicators 220 of timed duration and display times measured by the chronograph between pressing a start button and pressing a chronograph stop button.
  • the barrel 23 can be manually raised by means of an unillustrated crown and / or automatically by means of a not shown oscillating mass.
  • the second barrel 23 is raised by the same ring and / or by the same winding mass as the first barrel 13. It is also possible to use a single barrel, or barrel assembly, for two measuring systems. The use of two barrels or sets of separate barrels, however, avoids disturbance of the first measurement system when the chronograph is engaged, and to use the chronograph without affecting the power reserve of the watch.
  • a second exhaust 21 makes it possible to brake and regulate the winding chain 22 so that the chronograph indicators move in an isochronous manner.
  • the exhaust 21 may for example be a Swiss lever escapement, or any other suitable exhaust.
  • the exhaust transmits a portion of the energy from the barrel 23 to a second regulating member 20 which regulates the operation of the exhaust.
  • the second regulating member comprises in this example a second balance 202 and a second balance spring 201. It is also possible to provide a second regulating member without a balance.
  • the axis of the second regulating member, and the balance if there is a balance performs a second number of alternations per hour, for example 360,000 vibrations per hour or more.
  • the number of alternations of the second regulating member is voluntarily high in order to guarantee a high precision and a high resolution of the second measurement system, for example a resolution sufficient for a duration measurement with a resolution of the order of a hundredth of a second, or even a thousandth of a second.
  • the second regulating member 20 is preferably mounted in a cage 200 in rotation and meshing with a fixed gear.
  • the cage is preferably very simplified and is reduced to an arm bridge provided with a shockproof and which rotates the end of the balance shaft. This system makes it possible to release the beam laterally in order to be able to start it from its stop position.
  • the cage is indeed devoid of vertical pillars outside the balance, to allow a launcher 204 controlled from the column wheel to give a pulse to the balance or any other part of the regulating organ regardless of the position angular second regulating organ, without being bothered by these pillars. The second vortex can be stopped and restarted at your leisure.
  • the second regulating organ although lacking a conventional cage, nevertheless constitutes a vortex, for example a classic tourbillon or a carousel.
  • the second vortex for example, performs a complete revolution in a few seconds, for example a revolution in 5 seconds or in less than 5 seconds, and makes it possible to compensate for the effects of gravity on the operation of the second measurement system during short periods of time. measuring, with a finer averaging than that of the first vortex but at the cost of greater energy consumption.
  • the watch movement comprises an unrepresented start button for starting the measurement of a timed duration by means of the second time measurement system 2, and a launcher 204 for actuating the rotation of the second vortex when the start button is hurry.
  • the second system of time measurement, and in particular the second vortex can thus be stopped when the chronograph is not used, and started almost instantaneously thanks to the launcher when the chronograph is started.
  • the launcher comprises an elastically deformable element, for example a spring blade, for accumulating energy and restoring it almost instantaneously when the start button is actuated.
  • the launcher can be arranged to move in the manner of a whip in a plane different from that of the balance 202 of the second regulating member 20.
  • the planar bulk of the launcher-pendulum assembly is minimal, since at least a portion of the launcher may be above or above the pendulum.
  • the launcher may be pressed against the balance 202, against the axis of this beam, or against a hub of this axis when the chronograph is stopped, in order to block this axis.
  • the launcher 204 can be raised when the chronograph is armed, and released to whip the axis of the second regulating member and give it a pulse to rotate it almost instantaneously when the chronograph start button is pressed.
  • the chronograph does not need to be armed and the launcher 204 merely gives a pulse when the start button of the chronograph is actuated.
  • the vortex of the second regulating member 20 can be oriented along an axis different from that of the first regulating member 10.
  • the first vortex dedicated to the measurement of the current time can be oriented in an optimized manner for use of the movement held horizontally or almost horizontally when the user is sitting or lying down.
  • the second tourbillon dedicated to the chronograph can be oriented in an optimized way for a use of the movement held vertically or almost vertically when the user looks at his watch.
  • the second vortex can be a one-axis, two-axis, or three-axis vortex.
  • One of the regulating members 10, 20 may comprise a rocker over the spiral, and the other regulating member 20, 10 may comprise a rocker below the spiral.
  • the two balances are then in different planes, which reduces the total size. This arrangement further allows the launcher 204 to move in a plane that is not encumbered by the balance of the first regulating organ.
  • the two spirals can also be in different planes.
  • the two regulating members are preferably mounted on the same frame or plate, and visible from the same face of the movement. Preferably, the two vortices are visible from the front of the movement.
  • the regulating organ 20 dedicated to the chronograph is preferably placed near the center of the movement, in order to be able to drive a needle in the center of the tenths, hundredths or thousandths of a second with a minimum of intermediate references, and thus reduce the inertia of the system to allow a start and a near instantaneous stop of this needle.
  • the regulating organ 20 of the chronograph is placed in an imaginary circle coaxial with said movement and having a radius less than 50% of the maximum external radius of said movement, preferably less than 30% of the maximum external radius of said movement.
  • the regulating organ 20 of the chronograph is preferably placed closer to the center of the movement than the first regulating organ 10 dedicated to the display of the current time.
  • the anchor wheel of the second regulating member directly drives a chronograph hand to the center of the movement.
  • this anchor wheel drives the needle at the center of the movement through a gear chain having a single moving wheel to reverse the direction of rotation given by the anchor wheel.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Unknown Time Intervals (AREA)

Description

Domaine techniqueTechnical area

La présente invention concerne un mouvement de montre à tourbillon pour chronographe.The present invention relates to a tourbillon chronograph watch movement.

Etat de la techniqueState of the art

La marche des organes réglants mécaniques dépend de la position de la montre ; la gravité tend à créer des écarts de marche notamment lorsque la montre et tenue verticalement ce qui tend à déformer le spiral sous son propre poids. Afin d'annuler cette perturbation, le tourbillon a été imaginé par A.-L. Breguet. Il comprend généralement une cage mobile qui porte l'organe régulateur et le fait pivoter pour compenser l'influence de la gravité dans différentes positions. La cage fait généralement 1 tour par minute.The march of the mechanical regulating organs depends on the position of the watch; the gravity tends to create gaps especially when the watch and held vertically which tends to deform the spiral under its own weight. In order to cancel this disturbance, the vortex was imagined by A.-L. Breguet. It generally comprises a movable cage which carries the regulating member and rotates it to compensate for the influence of gravity in different positions. The cage is usually 1 turn per minute.

Un tourbillon peut être considéré comme un train épicycloïdal où la roue d'échappement et l'ancre constituent un planétaire, le mobile d'échappement comme un satellite et la cage comme un porte satellite.A vortex can be considered as an epicyclic train where the escape wheel and the anchor constitute a sun gear, the escape mobile as a satellite and the cage as a satellite door.

Une difficulté dans la conception d'un tourbillon revient souvent à gérer le compromis entre fréquence de l'oscillateur et vitesse de rotation de la cage. Il s'agit de concevoir un train planétaire où la vitesse d'entrée et de sortie sont imposées avec un encombrement limité. C'est précisément ce compromis qui fait que la plupart des tourbillons fonctionnent pour afficher directement les secondes à l'aide d'un oscillateur 4Hz et d'une roue d'échappement de 20 dents. Cependant bien souvent les réalités d'encombrement viennent contraindre les démultiplications et nécessitent un ajustement de la fréquence de l'oscillateur.A difficulty in designing a vortex is often to manage the compromise between oscillator frequency and rotation speed of the cage. This is to design a planetary gear where the speed of entry and exit are imposed with limited space. It is precisely this compromise that makes most vortices work to display the seconds directly using a 4Hz oscillator and a 20-tooth escape wheel. However, often the congestion realities constrain the gear ratios and require adjustment of the frequency of the oscillator.

De nombreux développements des tourbillons ont trait à l'orientation du tourbillon ; ces améliorations ne changent rien à sa précision fréquentielle mais sont réputés meilleurs « moyenneurs » pour un usage donné (porté, posé sur le bureau etc...). Cependant ces évolutions, qu'elles utilisent des rotations bi- ou tri-axiales ou le principe de précession, ne changent rien à la précision d'un spiral en sorte que les tourbillons sont destinés au comptage précis des heures et de secondes.Many eddies developments relate to the orientation of the vortex; these improvements do not change its frequency accuracy but are considered better "averagers" for a given use (worn, laid on the desk etc ...). However these evolutions, that they use bi- or tri-axial rotations or the principle of precession, do not change the precision of a spiral so that the vortices are intended for the precise counting of hours and seconds.

Pour rendre ce mécanisme plus robuste, on a aussi réalisé des montres à carrousel qui permettent également le moyennage des erreurs dues à la position. Par souci de simplification, on utilisera dans la suite de ce texte et dans les revendications le terme « tourbillon » pour désigner de façon générique aussi bien les mécanismes à tourbillon proprement dit que les mécanismes à carrousel.To make this mechanism more robust, carousel watches have also been made which also allow the averaging of the errors due to the position. For the sake of simplification, the term "tourbillon" will be used in the remainder of this text and in the claims to designate generically both the tourbillon mechanisms proper and the carousel mechanisms.

On connait aussi des mouvements comportant plusieurs tourbillons. EP1738230 décrit une montre à mouvement mécanique comportant au moins deux tourbillons montés sur un support tournant commun et couplés par un engrenage différentiel qui fait la moyenne de marche des deux mouvements.We also know movements with several eddies. EP1738230 describes a mechanical movement watch having at least two swirls mounted on a common rotating support and coupled by a differential gear that averages the march of the two movements.

CH697523 décrit un mouvement comportant un bâti et disposé sur ce bâti deux barillets et deux rouages de finissage formant deux chaînes cinématiques et deux régulateurs. Un engrenage différentiel relié aux deux chaînes cinématiques permet de moyenner les marches des deux régulateurs. CH697523 describes a movement comprising a frame and disposed on this frame two barrels and two finishing wheels forming two kinematic chains and two regulators. A differential gear connected to the two kinematic chains makes it possible to average the steps of the two regulators.

Une solution similaire est décrite dans CH697529 .A similar solution is described in CH697529 .

EP1706796 décrit un mouvement pour montre comprenant une base de temps avec deux balanciers et deux échappements et un engrenage différentiel. La base de temps comporte au moins deux tourbillons chacun muni d'une cage portant un échappement et un balancier. Les deux cages sont entrainées en rotation par l'engrenage différentiel. EP1706796 describes a watch movement comprising a time base with two rockers and two escapements and a differential gear. The time base comprises at least two vortices each provided with a cage carrying an escapement and a balance. Both cages are rotated by the differential gear.

GB190606858 décrit un mouvement de montre comprenant un tourbillon avec un balancier et un mécanisme d'échappement. Le pignon de l'échappement est entrainé par la quatrième roue, la position de la quatrième roue n'étant pas affectée par l'introduction du tourbillon. Le tourbillon est entrainé par l'une des roues du mouvement de la montre. Il est aussi possible d'ajouter au mouvement décrit un mouvement de chronographe ordinaire. Ce mouvement de chronographe s'ajoute au mouvement de base, dont il ne fait pas partie. Cette solution peut donc uniquement être appliquée à des montres volumineuses, capables de loger deux mouvements distincts. Par ailleurs, le gain de précision apporté par le tourbillon profite uniquement à la mesure de l'heure courante ; la mesure de durées chronométrées par le mouvement de chronographe reste imprécise, notamment lorsque le chronographe est tenu dans une position autre que celle pour laquelle il a été étalonné. GB190606858 describes a watch movement comprising a vortex with a pendulum and an escapement mechanism. The pinion of the exhaust is driven by the fourth wheel, the position of the fourth wheel not being affected by the introduction of the vortex. The tourbillon is driven by one of the wheels of the movement of the watch. It is also possible to add to the movement described an ordinary chronograph movement. This chronograph movement adds to the basic movement of which it is not a part. This solution can therefore only be applied to bulky watches, capable of accommodating two distinct movements. Moreover, the gain of precision brought by the tourbillon only benefits the measurement of the current time; the measurement of durations timed by the chronograph movement remains imprecise, especially when the chronograph is held in a position other than that for which it was calibrated.

Les tourbillons étaient avant tout utiles pour les montres de poche portées au gousset et qui se trouvent donc la plupart du temps en position verticale. Leur utilité est moins grande pour des montres bracelets dont la position change plus souvent.The whirlwinds were primarily useful for pocket watches worn on the gusset and therefore most of the time in a vertical position. Their usefulness is less great for wristwatches whose position changes more often.

L'utilité d'un tourbillon pour une montre chronographe est en particulier considérée comme limitée. En effet un tourbillon associé à un organe réglant classique à 2.5 ou 4Hz ne permet que de compter le temps avec une résolution du 1/5ème ou du 1/8ème de seconde... dans tous les cas cette résolution n'est pas suffisante pour une mesure précise au dixième ou au centième de seconde, et l'emploi d'un tourbillon n'y change rien.The usefulness of a tourbillon for a chronograph watch is particularly considered limited. Indeed a vortex associated with a conventional regulating organ at 2.5 or 4Hz only allows to count time with a resolution of 1 / 5th or 1 / 8th of a second ... in all cases this resolution is not sufficient to a precise measurement in the tenth or hundredth of a second, and the use of a vortex does not change anything.

On appelle chronomètre une montre de haute précision, ayant généralement obtenu un bulletin officiel de marche délivré par un observatoire ou un autre organisme. De nombreuses montres à tourbillon, mais aussi d'autres montres, sont des chronomètres.A chronometer is called a high-precision watch, usually having obtained an official bulletin issued by an observatory or other organization. Many tourbillon watches, but also other watches, are chronometers.

On appelle chronographe une montre comportant au moins une aiguille qui peut être mise en marche puis arrêtée au moyen d'un poussoir, afin de mesurer une durée. Des nombreux chronographes comportent également des aiguilles pour l'affichage de l'heure courante en plus de l'affichage de la durée mesurée.A chronograph is a watch having at least one needle that can be turned on and then stopped by means of a pusher to measure a duration. Many chronographs also feature hands for displaying the current time in addition to displaying the measured time.

Un chronographe est qualifié de chronomètre s'il est capable d'afficher l'heure courante avec la précision requise par les tests de certification. On connait par exemple des montres chronographes munies d'un organe réglant à tourbillon et capables d'afficher l'heure courante avec une très grande précision.A chronograph is qualified as a stopwatch if it is able to display the current time with the accuracy required by the certification tests. There are known for example chronograph watches equipped with a regulating organ tourbillon and able to display the current time with great accuracy.

Les tests de chronométrie vérifient uniquement la précision d'affichage de l'heure courante, mais pas celle de la mesure de durée par le chronographe. De plus, la mesure de la précision est généralement effectuée lorsque le chronographe est arrêté.Chronometry tests only check the display accuracy of the current time, but not that of the chronograph time measurement. In addition, the measurement of accuracy is usually performed when the chronograph is stopped.

Il en résulte que mêmes des chronographes qualifiés de chronomètres peuvent parfois mesurer et afficher des durées chronométrées avec une précision insuffisante. En effet, les inerties, les jeux, les frottements dans la chaîne cinématique du chronographe ne sont pas les mêmes que ceux qui se produisent ou sont requis dans la chaîne cinématique destinée à l'affichage de l'heure courante. Par conséquent, un organe réglant qui offre une précision excellente pour mesurer l'heure courante peut s'avérer peu ou pas adapté pour mesurer une durée chronométrée.As a result, even chronographs known as chronometers can sometimes measure and display timed times with insufficient accuracy. Indeed, the inertia, games, friction in the chronograph chain are not the same as those that occur or are required in the driveline for displaying the current time. Therefore, a regulating member that provides excellent accuracy for measuring the current time may be poor or unsuitable for measuring a timed duration.

D'autre part, les perturbations à l'affichage de l'heure courante causées par le chronographe ne sont pas prises en compte lors des tests de chronométrie. On sait pourtant que le chronographe prélève une énergie importante lorsqu'il est enclenché, et que sa marche tend à perturber la précision du mouvement. Par conséquent, un mouvement qui est très précis lorsque le chronographe est arrêté peut s'avérer moins précis lorsque le chronographe est enclenché.On the other hand, disturbances to the display of the current time caused by the chronograph are not taken into account during chronometry tests. We know, however, that the chronograph takes a significant energy when it is engaged, and that its march tends to disrupt the accuracy of movement. Therefore, a movement that is very accurate when the chronograph is stopped may be less accurate when the chronograph is turned on.

Un balancier donné couplé à un spiral donné oscille à une fréquence déterminée. Le nombre d'alternances par unité de temps détermine la résolution temporelle de l'organe régulateur. Par exemple, une montre mécanique affichant les secondes du temps courant doit comporter un organe régulateur effectuant au moins 3'600 alternances par heure. En pratique, les organes régulateurs usuels effectuent 28'800 ou parfois 36'000 alternances par heure, ce qui permet de mesurer le temps avec une résolution de 0,125 respectivement de 0,1 seconde.A given pendulum coupled to a given spiral oscillates at a given frequency. The number of alternations per unit of time determines the temporal resolution of the regulator. For example, a mechanical watch displaying the seconds of the current time must comprise a regulating member performing at least 3,600 vibrations per hour. In practice, the usual regulating bodies perform 28,800 or sometimes 36'000 vibrations per hour, which makes it possible to measure the time with a resolution of 0.125 or 0.1 seconds, respectively.

En augmentant la fréquence d'oscillation, on améliore la résolution temporelle, ce qui permet de compter des intervalles de temps plus courts. Une résolution temporelle améliorée est surtout utile pour des chronographes, pour lesquels une résolution temporelle du dixième ou du centième de seconde, ou plus fine encore, est parfois souhaitée. Une fréquence d'oscillation élevée engendre cependant une consommation énergétique plus élevée, notamment au niveau de l'échappement, ce qui réduit la réserve de marche de la montre. Pour cette raison, la fréquence d'oscillation choisie est habituellement un compromis entre les exigences de résolution du chronographe et la volonté de maintenir une réserve de marche aussi élevée que possible pour l'affichage du temps courant.By increasing the oscillation frequency, the temporal resolution is improved, allowing shorter time intervals to be counted. An improved temporal resolution is especially useful for chronographs, for which a temporal resolution of the tenth or hundredth of a second, or more finely, is sometimes desired. A high oscillation frequency, however, generates a higher energy consumption, especially at the exhaust, which reduces the power reserve of the watch. For this reason, the oscillation frequency chosen is usually a compromise between the resolution requirements of the chronograph and the desire to maintain as high a power reserve as possible for the display of the current time.

Afin de réduire le problème de la perturbation de la mesure de l'heure courante lorsque le chronographe est enclenché, la demande internationale WO03/065130 décrit un mouvement dual dans lequel le barillet et l'organe réglant sont dédoublés. Un des organes réglants, qui oscille à haute fréquence et est alimenté par son propre barillet, sert à régler la fonction chronographe tandis que l'autre organe réglant, plus lent, sert au comptage et à l'affichage de l'heure courante. Cette construction permet de réaliser une montre chronographe capable de mesurer le temps avec une résolution du centième de seconde, sans affecter la réserve de marche du mouvement de base utilisé pour l'affichage du temps courant. La réserve de marche du chronographe est adaptée à la durée maximale que l'on souhaite et peut chronométrer avec une précision donnée.In order to reduce the problem of the disturbance of the measurement of the current time when the chronograph is triggered, international demand WO03 / 065130 describes a dual movement in which the barrel and the regulating organ are split. One of the regulating members, which oscillates at high frequency and is powered by its own barrel, serves to adjust the chronograph function while the other regulating member, slower, is used for counting and displaying the current time. This construction makes it possible to produce a chronograph watch capable of measuring the time with a resolution of one hundredth of a second, without affecting the power reserve of the basic movement used for the display of the current time. The power reserve of the chronograph is adapted to the maximum duration that one wishes and can time with a given precision.

Par ailleurs, les deux chaînes cinématiques étant indépendantes, le démarrage du chronographe n'affecte pas la précision du mouvement de base et la marche de la montre. Cette solution a été mise en oeuvre dans le « Calibre 360 » de TAG Heuer qui a démontré la faisabilité technique de la solution.Moreover, since the two kinematic chains are independent, the start of the chronograph does not affect the precision of the basic movement and the running of the watch. This solution was implemented in TAG Heuer's "Caliber 360" which demonstrated the technical feasibility of the solution.

De la même façon, EP335054 décrit un mouvement de montre dans lequel tous les composants sont dédoublés et constituent ainsi deux ensembles autonomes pour afficher deux fuseaux horaires.In the same way, EP335054 describes a watch movement in which all the components are split and thus constitute two autonomous assemblies for displaying two time zones.

Les problèmes de précision du chronographe, et de précision de la montre durant l'utilisation du chronographe, ont fait l'objet de très peu d'attention et sont considérés comme peu critiques, parce que les chronographes sont généralement utilisés pendant des durées courtes. Par conséquent, même une erreur de marche inacceptable pour les très longues durées nécessaires à l'affichage de l'heure courante ne résulte qu'en une déviation faible durant les courtes périodes mesurées par le chronographe. Si ce principe est couramment admis aux fréquences habituelles de 4 et 5Hz, il n'est plus acceptable pour chronographes haut de gamme, fonctionnant à des fréquences supérieures et notamment dans le cas où l'on souhaite garantir une précision optimale pendant une certaine durée de mesure à l'utilisateur.Problems of chronograph accuracy, and accuracy of the watch during use of the chronograph, have received very little attention and are considered uncritical because chronographs are generally used for short periods of time. Therefore, even an unacceptable run error for the very long durations required to display the current time only results in a small deviation during the short periods measured by the chronograph. If this principle is commonly accepted at the usual frequencies of 4 and 5 Hz, it is no longer acceptable for high-end chronographs operating at higher frequencies and especially in the case where it is desired to ensure optimum accuracy for a certain period of time. measure to the user.

On a cependant vu apparaître récemment des montres bracelets chronographes mécaniques qui permettent de mesurer des durées avec une résolution du centième ou même du millième de seconde. Une mesure au centième de seconde ou au millième de seconde près nécessite cependant une précision extrême, que des chronographes courants ne peuvent généralement pas offrir.Recently, however, mechanical chronograph wristwatches have been introduced that make it possible to measure durations with a resolution of one hundredth or even one thousandth of a second. A measurement to the hundredth of a second or thousandth of a second, however, requires extreme precision, which current chronographs can not usually offer.

En part, les écarts de marche dus à la gravité généralement considérés négligeables pour les chronographes prennent une importance très grande lorsqu'une précision aussi extrême est requise. Les tourbillons existants dont la cage effectue un tour par minute n'offrent cependant qu'un moyennage insuffisant de phénomènes de durée courte. Par exemple, un tourbillon classique est peu utile pour mesurer le temps de course sur un 100 mètres.On the other hand, the deviations due to gravity generally considered negligible for chronographs take on a very great importance when such extreme precision is required. Existing vortices whose cage performs one revolution per minute, however, offer only an insufficient averaging of phenomena of short duration. For example, a classic tourbillon is of little use in measuring race time over a 100 meter.

Bref résumé de l'inventionBrief summary of the invention

Un but de la présente invention est de proposer un mouvement de montre pour chronographe exempt des limitations des mouvements connus.An object of the present invention is to provide a chronograph watch movement free from the limitations of known movements.

Un autre but de l'invention est de proposer un mouvement de montre pour chronographe qui permette de mesurer des durées chronométrées avec une très grande précision, aussi bien sur des grandes durées que sur des courtes durées, et sans perturber la mesure de l'heure courante lorsque le chronographe est employé.Another object of the invention is to propose a chronograph watch movement which makes it possible to measure timed durations with very high precision, both over long durations and for short periods of time, and without disturbing the measurement of the time. current when the chronograph is used.

Selon l'invention, ces buts sont atteints notamment au moyen d'un mouvement de montre chronographe mécanique comportant :

  • un premier système de mesure du temps comportant un premier organe réglant, une première chaîne de transmission et un premier ensemble d'indicateurs pour indiquer l'heure courante ;
  • un deuxième système de mesure du temps comportant un deuxième organe réglant, une deuxième chaîne de transmission et un deuxième ensemble d'indicateurs pour indiquer une durée chronométrée ;
  • dans lequel le deuxième organe réglant comporte un tourbillon.
According to the invention, these objects are attained in particular by means of a mechanical chronograph watch movement comprising:
  • a first time measurement system comprising a first regulating member, a first transmission chain and a first set of indicators for indicating the current time;
  • a second time measurement system comprising a second regulating member, a second transmission chain and a second set of indicators for indicating a timed duration;
  • wherein the second regulating member comprises a vortex.

Avantageusement, la première chaîne de transmission est liée cinématiquement au premier organe réglant et au premier ensemble d'indicateurs pour indiquer l'heure courante, de manière à ce que le premier organe réglant règle la marche des indicateurs du premier ensemble au travers de la première chaîne de transmission,
tandis que la deuxième chaîne de transmission est liée cinématiquement au deuxième organe réglant et au deuxième ensemble d'indicateurs pour indiquer une durée chronométrée, de manière à ce que le deuxième organe réglant règle la marche des indicateurs du deuxième ensemble au travers de la deuxième chaîne de transmission.Advantageously, the first transmission chain is kinematically linked to the first regulating member and the first set of indicators to indicate the current time, so that the first regulating member adjusts the march of the indicators of the first set through the first set of indicators. transmission channel,
while the second transmission chain is kinematically linked to the second regulating member and the second set of indicators to indicate a timed duration, so that the second regulating member adjusts the operation of the indicators of the second set through the second chain of transmission.

L'usage d'un tourbillon destiné à la chronographie est inattendu, parce qu'il est habituellement considéré que la fréquence de rotation très lente de la cage du tourbillon que l'on peut obtenir avec les organes réglants conventionnels est insuffisante pour moyenner les erreurs sur les durées courtes qui sont chronométrées, et avec la résolution attendue d'un chronographe.The use of a tourbillon for the chronograph is unexpected, because it is usually considered that the very slow rotation frequency of the vortex cage that can be obtained with conventional regulating devices is insufficient to average errors. on the short durations that are timed, and with the expected resolution of a chronograph.

L'invention part cependant de la constatation que les organes réglants à haute fréquence que l'on peut dorénavant réaliser ouvrent de nouveaux champs d'application aux tourbillons. En particulier, il est possible de réaliser des tourbillons dont la fréquence de rotation est supérieure ou égale à 5 tours par secondes.The invention, however, starts from the observation that the high-frequency regulating members that can now be made open new fields of application to vortices. In particular, it is possible to make vortices whose rotation frequency is greater than or equal to 5 revolutions per second.

Ces fréquences de rotation inhabituelles peuvent être obtenues de préférence grâce à des organes réglants comportant un balancier oscillant à une fréquence supérieure ou égale à 50Hz.These unusual rotation frequencies can be obtained preferably by means of regulating members comprising a pendulum oscillating at a frequency greater than or equal to 50 Hz.

L'utilisation d'un tourbillon dédié au chronographe permet d'améliorer la précision de la mesure de durée chronométrée par le chronographe. L'utilisation d'un tourbillon dédié au chronographe est particulièrement utile puisque le chronographe est souvent utilisé en position verticale ou quasi verticale lorsque l'utilisateur regarde son cadran.The use of a whirlwind dedicated to the chronograph makes it possible to improve the accuracy of the measurement of duration timed by the chronograph. The use of a tourbillon dedicated to the chronograph is particularly useful since the chronograph is often used in vertical or near vertical position when the user looks at his dial.

Par ailleurs, un tourbillon s'avère avantageux dans le cadre d'un usage sportif durant lequel des chocs ou des vibrations viennent perturber le ressort spiral ; sa mise en rotation favorise le lissage des erreursMoreover, a tourbillon is advantageous in the context of a sporting use during which shocks or vibrations disturb the spiral spring; its rotation makes it easier to smooth out errors

L'utilisation d'une chaîne duale, avec un premier organe réglant dédié à la mesure du temps et un deuxième organe réglant dédié au chronographe, permet d'effectuer des mesures de durées chronométrées qui ne perturbent pas la mesure du temps courant.The use of a dual chain, with a first regulating organ dedicated to the measurement of time and a second regulating organ dedicated to the chronograph, makes it possible to take measurements of timed durations which do not disturb the measurement of the current time.

L'usage d'une chaîne duale permet aussi, à partir d'une même base, de réaliser plusieurs montres adaptées à différents usages en changeant uniquement l'organe réglant du chronographe.The use of a dual chain also allows, from the same base, to make several watches adapted to different uses by changing only the regulating organ of the chronograph.

La présente invention concerne aussi une montre équipée de deux tourbillons qui effectuent des rotations à des vitesses différentes l'une de l'autre, indépendamment de la fonction affectée à ces deux tourbillons.The present invention also relates to a watch equipped with two vortices that perform rotations at different speeds from each other, regardless of the function assigned to these two vortices.

La présente invention concerne aussi une montre équipée de deux tourbillons qui effectuent des rotations à des vitesses indépendantes l'une de l'autre, indépendamment de la fonction affectée à ces deux tourbillons.The present invention also relates to a watch equipped with two vortices which perform rotations at speeds independent of each other, independently of the function assigned to these two vortices.

Le terme tourbillon doit être interprété dans cette demande dans son acceptation la plus large, et inclut aussi des organes réglants tournant dans une cage à une fréquence différente de la fréquence de rotation des tourbillons usuels. Le tourbillon peut tourner de manière continue ou saccadée. Le tourbillon peut être constitué par un carrousel. Chaque tourbillon peut tourner autour d'un axe perpendiculaire à la platine, ou autour d'un axe non perpendiculaire à la platine, ou simultanément autour de plusieurs axes.The term vortex is to be interpreted in this application in its broadest acceptance, and also includes regulating members rotating in a cage at a frequency different from the rotation frequency of the usual vortices. The vortex can rotate continuously or jerkily. The tourbillon can be constituted by a carousel. Each vortex can rotate around an axis perpendicular to the platen, or around an axis not perpendicular to the platen, or simultaneously around several axes.

Le premier organe réglant peut comporter un autre tourbillon. Le premier organe réglant peut comporter un autre tourbillon orienté différemment que le tourbillon destiné au chronographe. Le premier organe réglant peut aussi être dépourvu de tourbillon.The first regulating member may comprise another vortex. The first regulating member may comprise another vortex oriented differently than the tourbillon intended for the chronograph. The first regulating member may also be devoid of vortex.

Le premier organe réglant oscille à une première fréquence d'oscillation et le deuxième organe réglant oscille à une deuxième fréquence d'oscillation qui peut être supérieure à la première fréquence d'oscillation. Ainsi, la précision ou résolution pour la mesure du temps avec le chronographe est meilleure que pour la mesure du temps. La consommation d'énergie du premier organe réglant dédié à la mesure de l'heure courante est cependant inférieure à la consommation d'énergie du deuxième organe réglant dédié à la mesure d'une durée chronométrée.The first regulating member oscillates at a first oscillation frequency and the second regulating member oscillates at a second oscillation frequency which may be greater than the first oscillation frequency. Thus, the accuracy or resolution for time measurement with the chronograph is better than for the measurement of time. The energy consumption of the first regulating organ dedicated to the measurement of the current time is, however, less than the energy consumption of the second regulating organ dedicated to the measurement of a timed duration.

La durée de rotation du premier tourbillon dédié à la mesure du temps courant peut être supérieure à la durée de rotation du deuxième tourbillon dédié à la mesure d'une durée chronométrée. Ainsi, le deuxième tourbillon effectue un moyennage plus fin des erreurs dues à une orientation variable du mouvement au cours de la mesure de durée.The duration of rotation of the first vortex dedicated to the measurement of the current time may be greater than the duration of rotation of the second vortex dedicated to the measurement of a timed duration. So, the second vortex performs finer averaging of errors due to a variable orientation of movement during the duration measurement.

Les deux chaînes de mesure ne sont pas couplées. Cela signifie que la position de chaque indicateur ne dépend que d'un seul des deux organes réglants.The two measurement chains are not coupled. This means that the position of each indicator depends only on one of the two regulating organs.

Le premier système de mesure du temps peut comporter un premier barillet et le deuxième système de mesure du temps peut comporter un deuxième barillet. Le premier système de mesure du temps peut comporter un ou plusieurs barillets. Le deuxième système de mesure du temps peut comporter un ou plusieurs barillets. Le (ou les) deuxième barillet peut être agencé pour être déchargé indépendamment du (ou des) premier barillet lorsque le chronographe est démarré. Ainsi, l'utilisation du chronographe n'affecte pas la réserve de marche du premier système destiné à la mesure et à l'affichage de l'heure courante. Il n'y a pas de transfert d'énergie entre les deux barillets. Par ailleurs, le couple nécessaire à l'entraînement du deuxième système de mesure ne crée aucune perturbation sur le premier système de mesure.The first time measurement system may include a first cylinder and the second time measurement system may include a second cylinder. The first time measurement system may comprise one or more barrels. The second time measurement system may comprise one or more barrels. The second barrel (or barrels) can be arranged to be unloaded independently of the first barrel (or barrels) when the chronograph is started. Thus, the use of the chronograph does not affect the power reserve of the first system for measuring and displaying the current time. There is no energy transfer between the two barrels. Furthermore, the torque required to drive the second measurement system does not create any disturbance on the first measurement system.

Le mouvement de montre comporte un bouton de démarrage du chronographe pour lancer la mesure d'une durée chronométrée au moyen du deuxième système de mesure du temps, et un lanceur pour actionner la mise en rotation du deuxième tourbillon lorsque le bouton de démarrage est pressé. Le deuxième système de mesure du temps, et en particulier le deuxième tourbillon, peut ainsi être arrêté lorsque le chronographe n'est pas utilisé, et démarré quasi instantanément grâce au lanceur lorsque le chronographe est démarré. Le lanceur peut comporter un élément déformable élastiquement pour accumuler de l'énergie et la restituer presque instantanément lorsque le bouton de démarrage est actionné.The watch movement includes a chronograph start button for initiating the measurement of a timed duration using the second time measuring system, and a launcher for actuating the rotation of the second vortex when the start button is pressed. The second time measuring system, and in particular the second vortex, can thus be stopped when the chronograph is not used, and started almost instantaneously thanks to the launcher when the chronograph is started. The launcher may include an elastically deformable member to accumulate energy and restore it almost instantly when the start button is actuated.

Le deuxième système de mesure du temps peut comporter un balancier. Le lanceur peut être agencé pour se déplacer dans un plan différent de celui du dit balancier. Ainsi, l'encombrement planaire de l'ensemble lanceur-balancier est minimal, puisqu'au minimum une partie du balancier peut se trouver au-dessus ou au-dessus du balancier.The second time measurement system may include a pendulum. The launcher can be arranged to move in a plane different from that of said pendulum. So, the planar clutter of the launcher-pendulum assembly is minimal, since at least a part of the pendulum can be above or above the pendulum.

Le deuxième système de mesure du temps peut comporter un spiral monté sur un axe. Le lanceur peut être agencé pour donner une impulsion sur cet axe lorsque le bouton de démarrage est actionné. Le lanceur peut être agencé pour donner une impulsion sur un moyeu ou une portée de cet axe lorsque le bouton de démarrage est actionné.The second time measuring system may comprise a spiral mounted on an axis. The launcher can be arranged to give a pulse on this axis when the start button is actuated. The launcher may be arranged to pulse a hub or a range of that axis when the start button is actuated.

Un des organes réglants peut comporter un balancier au-dessus du spiral, et l'autre organe réglant peut comporter un balancier au-dessous du spiral. Les deux balanciers peuvent se trouver dans des plans différents, ce qui réduit l'encombrement total. Les deux spiraux peuvent se trouver dans des plans différents.One of the regulating members may comprise a rocker above the spiral, and the other regulating member may comprise a rocker below the spiral. The two pendulums can be in different planes, which reduces the overall size. The two spirals can be in different planes.

Les deux tourbillons peuvent être visibles simultanément sur la même face du mouvement, par exemple sur la face avant.The two vortices can be seen simultaneously on the same face of the movement, for example on the front face.

Brève description des figuresBrief description of the figures

Des exemples de mise en oeuvre de l'invention sont indiqués dans la description illustrée par les figures annexées dans lesquelles :Examples of implementation of the invention are indicated in the description illustrated by the appended figures in which:

La figure 1 illustre sous forme de schéma bloc un mouvement de montre selon l'invention.The figure 1 illustrates in block diagram form a watch movement according to the invention.

La figure 2 illustre une vue en perspective depuis le dessus des principaux éléments du mouvement, la platine et les ponts ayant été retirés pour améliorer la lisibilité.The figure 2 illustrates a perspective view from above of the main elements of the movement, the plate and the bridges having been removed to improve readability.

La figure 3 illustre une vue en perspective depuis le dessous des principaux éléments du mouvement, la platine et les ponts ayant été retirés pour améliorer la lisibilité.The figure 3 illustrates a perspective view from beneath the main elements of the movement, the plate and the bridges having been removed to improve readability.

Exemple(s) de mode de réalisation de l'inventionExample (s) of embodiment of the invention

La figure 1 illustre de manière schématique un mouvement de montre mécanique selon l'invention. Un mode de réalisation possible est illustré sur les figures 2 et 3.The figure 1 schematically illustrates a mechanical watch movement according to the invention. One possible embodiment is illustrated on the figures 2 and 3 .

Le mouvement illustré comporte une chaîne duale, c'est-à-dire un premier système de mesure du temps 1 destiné à la mesure et à l'affichage de l'heure courante, et un deuxième système de mesure du temps 2 destiné à la mesure et à l'affichage d'une durée chronométrée. Des chaînes de mesure peuvent aussi être prévues pour mesurer et afficher une deuxième mesure chronométrée, un deuxième fuseau horaire, etc.The illustrated movement comprises a dual chain, that is to say a first time measuring system 1 for measuring and displaying the current time, and a second time measuring system 2 intended for the measuring and displaying a timed duration. Measurement chains may also be provided for measuring and displaying a second timed measurement, a second time zone, etc.

Le premier système de mesure 1 comporte un barillet 13 avec une réserve de marche élevée, par exemple 40 heures ou davantage, dont l'énergie est transmise à une première chaîne de transmission 12 à base d'engrenages et/ou de courroies, afin d'entraîner des indicateurs du temps 120 courant, par exemples des aiguilles d'heures, de minutes, de seconde, des disques de quantième, ou d'autres indicateurs permettant à l'utilisateur de déterminer l'heure courante. Le barillet 13 peut être remonté manuellement au moyen d'une couronne non illustrée et/ou automatiquement au moyen d'une masse oscillante non représentée. Un échappement 11 permet de freiner et de réguler la chaîne de remontage 12 afin que les indicateurs se déplacent de façon isochrone. L'échappement peut par exemple être un échappement à ancre suisse, ou tout autre échappement approprié. L'échappement transmet une partie de l'énergie provenant du barillet 13 à un premier organe réglant 10 qui régule le fonctionnement de l'échappement. Le premier organe réglant comporte dans cet exemple un premier balancier 102 et un premier spiral 101. Le premier balancier 102 peut être du type à inertie variable avec masselottes pariétales à réglage fin. Il effectue un premier nombre d'alternances par heure, par exemple 21'600 alternances par heure ou de 28'800 alternances par heure. Le nombre d'alternances du premier balancier est volontairement limité afin de garantir une réserve de marche suffisante du premier système de mesure.The first measuring system 1 comprises a cylinder 13 with a high power reserve, for example 40 hours or more, the energy of which is transmitted to a first transmission chain 12 based on gears and / or belts, in order to cause indicators of the current time 120, for example hours, minutes, seconds hands, date discs, or other indicators allowing the user to determine the current time. The barrel 13 can be raised manually by means of an unillustrated crown and / or automatically by means of a not shown oscillating mass. An exhaust 11 makes it possible to brake and regulate the winding chain 12 so that the indicators move in an isochronous manner. The exhaust may for example be a Swiss lever escapement, or any other suitable exhaust. The exhaust transmits a portion of the energy from the barrel 13 to a first regulating member 10 which regulates the operation of the exhaust. The first regulating member comprises in this example a first balance 102 and a first balance spring 101. The first balance 102 may be of the variable inertia type with fine adjustment parietal weights. It performs a first number of alternations per hour, for example 21,600 vibrations per hour or 28,800 vibrations per hour. The number of alternations of the first balance is voluntarily limited in order to guarantee a sufficient power reserve of the first measurement system.

Le premier organe réglant 10 est de préférence monté dans une cage 100 en rotation et engrenant un pignon fixe. Il s'agit donc d'un tourbillon, par exemple un tourbillon classique ou un carrousel. La cage 100 comporte des piliers 105 verticaux. Le premier tourbillon effectue par exemple un tour complet par minute, et permet de compenser les effets de la gravité sur la marche du premier système de mesure au cours de longues périodes de mesure.The first regulating member 10 is preferably mounted in a cage 100 in rotation and meshing with a fixed gear. It is therefore a whirlpool, for example a classic whirlpool or a carousel. The cage 100 comprises vertical pillars 105. The first vortex, for example, performs one complete revolution per minute, and makes it possible to compensate for the effects of gravity on the operation of the first measurement system during long periods of measurement.

De manière similaire, le deuxième système de mesure 2 comporte un barillet 23 dont l'énergie est transmise à une deuxième chaîne de transmission 22 à base d'engrenages et/ou de courroies, afin d'entraîner des indicateurs 220 de durée chronométrée et d'afficher des durées mesurées par le chronographe entre l'appui sur un bouton de démarrage et l'appui sur un bouton d'arrêt du chronographe. Le barillet 23 peut être remonté manuellement au moyen d'une couronne non illustrée et/ou automatiquement au moyen d'une masse oscillante non représentée. Dans un mode de réalisation préférentiel, le deuxième barillet 23 est remonté par la même couronne et/ou par la même masse de remontage que le premier barillet 13. Il est aussi possible d'utiliser un seul barillet, ou ensemble de barillet, pour les deux systèmes de mesure. L'emploi de deux barillets, ou ensembles de barillets, distincts permet cependant d'éviter les perturbations du premier système de mesure lorsque le chronographe est enclenché, et de pouvoir utiliser le chronographe sans affecter la réserve de marche de la montre.Similarly, the second measuring system 2 comprises a barrel 23 whose energy is transmitted to a second transmission chain 22 based on gears and / or belts, in order to cause indicators 220 of timed duration and display times measured by the chronograph between pressing a start button and pressing a chronograph stop button. The barrel 23 can be manually raised by means of an unillustrated crown and / or automatically by means of a not shown oscillating mass. In a preferred embodiment, the second barrel 23 is raised by the same ring and / or by the same winding mass as the first barrel 13. It is also possible to use a single barrel, or barrel assembly, for two measuring systems. The use of two barrels or sets of separate barrels, however, avoids disturbance of the first measurement system when the chronograph is engaged, and to use the chronograph without affecting the power reserve of the watch.

Un deuxième échappement 21 permet de freiner et de réguler la chaîne de remontage 22 afin que les indicateurs du chronographe se déplacent de façon isochrone. L'échappement 21 peut par exemple être un échappement à ancre suisse, ou tout autre échappement approprié. L'échappement transmet une partie de l'énergie provenant du barillet 23 à un deuxième organe réglant 20 qui régule le fonctionnement de l'échappement. Le deuxième organe réglant comporte dans cet exemple un deuxième balancier 202 et un deuxième spiral 201. Il est aussi possible de prévoir un deuxième organe réglant sans balancier. L'axe du deuxième organe réglant, et du balancier s'il y a un balancier, effectue un deuxième nombre d'alternances par heure, par exemple 360'000 alternances par heure ou davantage. Le nombre d'alternances du deuxième organe réglant est volontairement élevé afin de garantir une précision et une résolution élevée du deuxième système de mesure, par exemple une résolution suffisante pour une mesure de durée avec une résolution de l'ordre du centième de seconde, ou même du millième de seconde.A second exhaust 21 makes it possible to brake and regulate the winding chain 22 so that the chronograph indicators move in an isochronous manner. The exhaust 21 may for example be a Swiss lever escapement, or any other suitable exhaust. The exhaust transmits a portion of the energy from the barrel 23 to a second regulating member 20 which regulates the operation of the exhaust. The second regulating member comprises in this example a second balance 202 and a second balance spring 201. It is also possible to provide a second regulating member without a balance. The axis of the second regulating member, and the balance if there is a balance, performs a second number of alternations per hour, for example 360,000 vibrations per hour or more. The number of alternations of the second regulating member is voluntarily high in order to guarantee a high precision and a high resolution of the second measurement system, for example a resolution sufficient for a duration measurement with a resolution of the order of a hundredth of a second, or even a thousandth of a second.

Le deuxième organe réglant 20 est de préférence monté dans une cage 200 en rotation et engrenant un pignon fixe. La cage est de préférence très simplifiée et se réduit à un pont bras muni d'un antichoc et qui vient guider en rotation l'extrémité de l'axe de balancier. Ce système permet de dégager latéralement le balancier afin de pouvoir le démarrer à partir de sa position d'arrêt. La cage est en effet dépourvue de piliers verticaux à l'extérieur du balancier, afin de permettre à un lanceur 204 commandé depuis la roue à colonne de donner une impulsion au balancier ou à toute autre partie de l'organe réglant quelle que soit la position angulaire du deuxième organe réglant, sans être gêné par ces piliers. Le deuxième tourbillon peut ainsi être arrêté et redémarré à loisir.The second regulating member 20 is preferably mounted in a cage 200 in rotation and meshing with a fixed gear. The cage is preferably very simplified and is reduced to an arm bridge provided with a shockproof and which rotates the end of the balance shaft. This system makes it possible to release the beam laterally in order to be able to start it from its stop position. The cage is indeed devoid of vertical pillars outside the balance, to allow a launcher 204 controlled from the column wheel to give a pulse to the balance or any other part of the regulating organ regardless of the position angular second regulating organ, without being bothered by these pillars. The second vortex can be stopped and restarted at your leisure.

Le deuxième organe réglant, bien que dépourvu de cage classique, constitue néanmoins un tourbillon, par exemple un tourbillon classique ou un carrousel. Le deuxième tourbillon effectue par exemple un tour complet en quelques secondes, par exemple un tour en 5 secondes ou en moins de 5 secondes, et permet de compenser les effets de la gravité sur la marche du deuxième système de mesure au cours de brèves périodes de mesure, avec un moyennage plus fin que celui du premier tourbillon mais au prix d'une plus grande consommation d'énergie.The second regulating organ, although lacking a conventional cage, nevertheless constitutes a vortex, for example a classic tourbillon or a carousel. The second vortex, for example, performs a complete revolution in a few seconds, for example a revolution in 5 seconds or in less than 5 seconds, and makes it possible to compensate for the effects of gravity on the operation of the second measurement system during short periods of time. measuring, with a finer averaging than that of the first vortex but at the cost of greater energy consumption.

Le mouvement de montre comporte un bouton de démarrage non représenté pour lancer la mesure d'une durée chronométrée au moyen du deuxième système de mesure du temps 2, et un lanceur 204 pour actionner la mise en rotation du deuxième tourbillon lorsque le bouton de démarrage est pressé. Le deuxième système de mesure du temps, et en particulier le deuxième tourbillon, peut ainsi être arrêté lorsque le chronographe n'est pas utilisé, et démarré quasi instantanément grâce au lanceur lorsque le chronographe est démarré. Le lanceur comporte un élément déformable élastiquement, par exemple une lame ressort, pour accumuler de l'énergie et la restituer presque instantanément lorsque le bouton de démarrage est actionné.The watch movement comprises an unrepresented start button for starting the measurement of a timed duration by means of the second time measurement system 2, and a launcher 204 for actuating the rotation of the second vortex when the start button is hurry. The second system of time measurement, and in particular the second vortex, can thus be stopped when the chronograph is not used, and started almost instantaneously thanks to the launcher when the chronograph is started. The launcher comprises an elastically deformable element, for example a spring blade, for accumulating energy and restoring it almost instantaneously when the start button is actuated.

Le lanceur peut être agencé pour se déplacer à la manière d'un fouet dans un plan différent de celui du balancier 202 du deuxième organe réglant 20. Ainsi, l'encombrement planaire de l'ensemble lanceur-balancier est minimal, puisqu'au minimum une partie du lanceur peut se trouver au-dessus ou au-dessus du balancier. Le lanceur peut être appuyé contre le balancier 202, contre l'axe de ce balancier, ou contre un moyeu de cet axe lorsque le chronographe est arrêté, afin de bloquer cet axe. Le lanceur 204 peut être relevé lorsque le chronographe est armé, et relâché pour fouetter l'axe du deuxième organe réglant et lui donner une impulsion pour le mettre en rotation de façon quasi instantanée lorsque le bouton de démarrage du chronographe est actionné. Dans une variante, le chronographe n'a pas besoin d'être armé et le lanceur 204 se contente de donner une impulsion lorsque le bouton de démarrage du chronographe est actionné.The launcher can be arranged to move in the manner of a whip in a plane different from that of the balance 202 of the second regulating member 20. Thus, the planar bulk of the launcher-pendulum assembly is minimal, since at least a portion of the launcher may be above or above the pendulum. The launcher may be pressed against the balance 202, against the axis of this beam, or against a hub of this axis when the chronograph is stopped, in order to block this axis. The launcher 204 can be raised when the chronograph is armed, and released to whip the axis of the second regulating member and give it a pulse to rotate it almost instantaneously when the chronograph start button is pressed. In a variant, the chronograph does not need to be armed and the launcher 204 merely gives a pulse when the start button of the chronograph is actuated.

Le tourbillon du deuxième organe réglant 20 peut être orienté selon un axe différent de celui du premier organe réglant 10. Le premier tourbillon dédié à la mesure de l'heure courante peut être orienté de façon optimisée pour un usage du mouvement tenu horizontalement ou presque horizontalement lorsque l'utilisateur est assis ou couché. Le deuxième tourbillon dédié au chronographe peut être orienté de façon optimisée pour un usage du mouvement tenu verticalement ou presque verticalement lorsque l'utilisateur regarde sa montre. Le deuxième tourbillon peut être un tourbillon à un axe, à deux axes, ou à trois axes.The vortex of the second regulating member 20 can be oriented along an axis different from that of the first regulating member 10. The first vortex dedicated to the measurement of the current time can be oriented in an optimized manner for use of the movement held horizontally or almost horizontally when the user is sitting or lying down. The second tourbillon dedicated to the chronograph can be oriented in an optimized way for a use of the movement held vertically or almost vertically when the user looks at his watch. The second vortex can be a one-axis, two-axis, or three-axis vortex.

Un des organes réglants 10, 20 peut comporter un balancier au-dessus du spiral, et l'autre organe réglant 20, 10 peut comporter un balancier au-dessous du spiral. Les deux balanciers se trouvent alors dans des plans différents, ce qui réduit l'encombrement total. Cet arrangement permet en outre au lanceur 204 de se déplacer dans un plan qui n'est pas encombré par le balancier du premier organe réglant. Les deux spiraux peuvent aussi se trouver dans des plans différents.One of the regulating members 10, 20 may comprise a rocker over the spiral, and the other regulating member 20, 10 may comprise a rocker below the spiral. The two balances are then in different planes, which reduces the total size. This arrangement further allows the launcher 204 to move in a plane that is not encumbered by the balance of the first regulating organ. The two spirals can also be in different planes.

Les deux organes réglants sont de préférence montés sur un même bâti ou platine, et visibles depuis la même face du mouvement. De préférence, les deux tourbillons sont visibles depuis la face avant du mouvement.The two regulating members are preferably mounted on the same frame or plate, and visible from the same face of the movement. Preferably, the two vortices are visible from the front of the movement.

L'organe réglant 20 dédié au chronographe est de préférence placé près du centre du mouvement, afin de pouvoir entraîner une aiguille au centre des dixièmes, des centièmes ou des millièmes de seconde avec un minimum de renvois intermédiaires, et de réduire ainsi l'inertie du système pour permettre un démarrage et un arrêt quasi instantané de cette aiguille. Dans une variante préférentielle, l'organe réglant 20 du chronographe est placé dans un cercle imaginaire coaxial audit mouvement et de rayon inférieur au 50% du rayon externe maximal dudit mouvement, de préférence inférieur au 30% du rayon externe maximal dudit mouvement. L'organe réglant 20 du chronographe est de préférence placé plus près du centre du mouvement que le premier organe réglant 10 dédié à l'affichage de l'heure courante. Dans un mode de réalisation, la roue d'ancre du deuxième organe réglant entraîne directement une aiguille du chronographe au centre du mouvement. Dans un autre mode de réalisation, cette roue d'ancre entraîne l'aiguille au centre du mouvement au travers d'une chaîne d'engrenage comportant un seul mobile pour inverser le sens de rotation donné par la roue d'ancre.The regulating organ 20 dedicated to the chronograph is preferably placed near the center of the movement, in order to be able to drive a needle in the center of the tenths, hundredths or thousandths of a second with a minimum of intermediate references, and thus reduce the inertia of the system to allow a start and a near instantaneous stop of this needle. In a preferred embodiment, the regulating organ 20 of the chronograph is placed in an imaginary circle coaxial with said movement and having a radius less than 50% of the maximum external radius of said movement, preferably less than 30% of the maximum external radius of said movement. The regulating organ 20 of the chronograph is preferably placed closer to the center of the movement than the first regulating organ 10 dedicated to the display of the current time. In one embodiment, the anchor wheel of the second regulating member directly drives a chronograph hand to the center of the movement. In another embodiment, this anchor wheel drives the needle at the center of the movement through a gear chain having a single moving wheel to reverse the direction of rotation given by the anchor wheel.

Claims (16)

  1. Mechanical watch movement comprising:
    a first time-measuring system (1) comprising a first regulating member (10), a first transmission chain (12) and a first indicator group (120) to indicate the current time;
    a second time-measuring system (2) comprising a second regulating member (20), a second transmission chain (22) and a second indicator group (220) to indicate a measured time duration;
    the second regulating member (20) comprising a tourbillon.
  2. Watch movement according to claim 1, wherein the first transmission chain is connected kinematically to the first regulating member and to the first indicator group to indicate the current time, so that the first regulating member regulates the running of the indicators of the first group through the first transmission chain,
    and wherein the second transmission chain is connected kinematically to the second regulating member and to the second indicator group to indicate a measured time duration, so that the second regulating member regulates the running of the indicators of the second group through the second transmission chain.
  3. Watch movement according to one of the claims 1 to 2, wherein the first regulating member (10) comprises another tourbillon.
  4. Watch movement according to one of the claims 1 to 3, wherein the first regulating member (10) oscillates at a first oscillating frequency and the second regulating member (20) oscillates at a second oscillating frequency greater than the first oscillating frequency.
  5. Watch movement according to one of the claims 1 to 4, wherein the second regulating member comprises a balance oscillating at a frequency equal to or greater than 50Hz.
  6. Watch movement according to one of the claims 1 to 5, wherein the duration of rotation of the first tourbillon is greater than the duration of rotation of the second tourbillon.
  7. Movement according to claim 6, wherein the frequency of rotation of the second tourbillon is greater than or equal to 5 turns per second.
  8. Watch movement according to one of the claims 1 to 7, wherein the first time-measuring system (1) comprises a first barrel (13) and the second time-measuring system (2) comprises a second barrel (23) arranged for being discharged independently of the first barrel when the chronograph is started.
  9. Watch movement according to one of the claims 1 to 8, comprising a chronograph start button to launch the measuring of a measured time duration by means of the second time-measuring system (2), and a launcher (204) for actuating the beginning of the rotation of the second tourbillon when the start button is pressed.
  10. Watch movement according to claim 9, comprising a stop button of the chronograph arranged for interrupting the rotation of the second tourbillon when the stop button is pressed.
  11. Watch movement according to one of the claims 9 or 10, wherein said second time-measuring system (2) comprises a second balance (202), and wherein said launcher (204) is arranged for giving an impulse in order to start said balance when the start button is pressed and for blocking said balance when the chronograph stops.
  12. Watch movement according to one of the claims 9 to 11, wherein said first time-measuring system (2) comprises a first balance (102), and wherein said launcher (204) is arranged to move in a plane different from that of said first balance.
  13. Watch movement according to one of the claims 1 to 12, wherein the two tourbillons are visible simultaneously on the same face of the movement.
  14. Watch movement according to one of the claims 1 to 13, wherein one of the regulating members (20) comprises a balance (202) above the balance-spring (201), and the other regulating member (10) comprises a balance (102) under the balance-spring (101).
  15. Watch movement according to one of the claims 1 to 14, wherein said tourbillon of the second regulating member (10, 20) has no vertical columns outside of said balance, in order to allow a launcher (204) to give an impulse to the second regulating member during the starting of the chronograph without being impeded by these columns.
  16. Watch movement according to one of the claims 1 to 15, wherein the second regulating member (20) is placed closer to the centre of the movement than the first regulating member (10) assigned to displaying the current time.
EP13700145.9A 2012-01-10 2013-01-08 Watch movement comprising a tourbillon for a chronograph Active EP2802944B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH00038/12A CH705998A1 (en) 2012-01-10 2012-01-10 Mechanical watch movement for chronograph, has time-measurement system including regulating element, transmission chain and set of indicators for indicating timed duration, where element comprises tourbillon
CH3182012 2012-03-07
PCT/EP2013/050239 WO2013104634A1 (en) 2012-01-10 2013-01-08 Watch movement comprising a tourbillon for a chronograph

Publications (2)

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EP2802944A1 EP2802944A1 (en) 2014-11-19
EP2802944B1 true EP2802944B1 (en) 2016-06-15

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EP13700145.9A Active EP2802944B1 (en) 2012-01-10 2013-01-08 Watch movement comprising a tourbillon for a chronograph

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WO (1) WO2013104634A1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2023275184A1 (en) * 2021-06-30 2023-01-05 Tec Ebauches Sa Movement for timepiece and timepiece

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB190606858A (en) 1906-03-22 1907-01-03 William Henry Douglas Improvements relating to Watches.
EP0335054B1 (en) 1988-03-30 1991-06-12 Fabrique de montres DELANEAU SA Wrist watch for the simultaneous indication of time in two time zones
EP1333345B1 (en) 2002-02-01 2008-03-26 TAG Heuer SA Device having clockwork-movement and chronograph module
CH694833A5 (en) 2003-10-31 2005-07-29 Complitime Sa Timepiece including two balances.
US7527423B2 (en) 2004-04-15 2009-05-05 Montres Breguet Sa Watch comprising two tourbillons
CH697523B1 (en) 2004-12-21 2008-11-28 Montres Breguet Sa Watch movement, has two barrels and going gear-trains placed on frame for forming kinematic chains, and tourbillon type regulators respectively having balancers pivotingly mounted on axis
CH697529B1 (en) 2004-12-21 2008-11-28 Montres Breguet Sa Watch i.e. chronometer, movement, has timer gear-train connected to kinematic chains by spherical type differential gear, where timer gear-train includes cannon-pinion, timer mobile and hour wheel for carrying display units

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2023275184A1 (en) * 2021-06-30 2023-01-05 Tec Ebauches Sa Movement for timepiece and timepiece

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WO2013104634A1 (en) 2013-07-18

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