EP2796820B1 - Method for heat treatment of solid granular products, in particular of food products - Google Patents

Method for heat treatment of solid granular products, in particular of food products Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2796820B1
EP2796820B1 EP14305612.5A EP14305612A EP2796820B1 EP 2796820 B1 EP2796820 B1 EP 2796820B1 EP 14305612 A EP14305612 A EP 14305612A EP 2796820 B1 EP2796820 B1 EP 2796820B1
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Prior art keywords
granular product
support
microwaves
product
heat treatment
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2796820A1 (en
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Serge Tastavin
Gilbert Couraud
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SINEX INDUSTRIE
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Sinex Industrie
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
    • F26B3/32—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by development of heat within the materials or objects to be dried, e.g. by fermentation or other microbiological action
    • F26B3/34—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by development of heat within the materials or objects to be dried, e.g. by fermentation or other microbiological action by using electrical effects
    • F26B3/347—Electromagnetic heating, e.g. induction heating or heating using microwave energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B2200/00—Drying processes and machines for solid materials characterised by the specific requirements of the drying good
    • F26B2200/08—Granular materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B25/00—Details of general application not covered by group F26B21/00 or F26B23/00
    • F26B25/001—Handling, e.g. loading or unloading arrangements
    • F26B25/002—Handling, e.g. loading or unloading arrangements for bulk goods

Definitions

  • agri-food taken in the broad sense, it is often necessary to dry products in order to remove the water contained in these products and resulting from their manufacture.
  • a water content above a certain threshold promotes the development of microorganisms and limits the conservation of products.
  • heat treatment for example heating oil seeds in order to improve the extraction yield.
  • the existing devices consist of working generally in tunnel with a conveyor belt which supports the product to be dried, said product being subjected to the action of infrared radiation or to a circulation of hot air in order to proceed with the temperature rise of the product and evaporation of the water contained.
  • the present invention proposes a process which provides a heat treatment, in particular a controlled, core and repetitive dehydration of granular products among which, without this enumeration being limiting, mention may be made in addition to those already mentioned, of effluents from purification, animal meal, cocoa, salt, dried fruits and oilseeds such as rapeseed.
  • the device for the implementation of this process it is easy to clean including in compliance with food standards, it provides a partial self cleaning, continuous, it is safe for operators, it avoids any risk of fire and it allows a confinement of the products under controlled atmosphere if necessary.
  • the device is also very fast and allows a significant gain in productivity, this with energy consumption limited to the needs of drying, avoiding to wear the entire chamber temperature.
  • the device also allows the modification of the conveying support very quickly depending on the applications.
  • the generators are preferably mechanically decoupled from the enclosure so as not to undergo vibration.
  • the enclosure 10 comprises means 28 for vibrating the enclosure along its longitudinal axis, by a movement whose component is oriented substantially along an axis upwards, in a sector oriented from the inlet to the outlet.
  • These means of vibration can be an unbalanced motor. These vibrations lead to a translational advance of the granular product, in the longitudinal direction of the enclosure. The frequency, the angle, the intensity make it possible to manage the advance.
  • This support 30 receives the granular product in bulk.
  • the granular product then moves in translation along the axis XX ', in the gutter that constitutes the support 30, in the embodiment chosen. During the vibration phases, it is found that the product is subjected to accelerations and decelerations at the vibration frequency.
  • Microwave generators are power driven very easily and the advance as well as the method and device allow a very fast adaptation.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)

Description

La présente invention concerne un procédé de traitement thermique, notamment de séchage de produits granulaires solides, plus particulièrement de produits agroalimentaires.The present invention relates to a heat treatment process, especially for drying solid granular products, more particularly agri-food products.

Dans le domaine de l'agroalimentaire notamment, agroalimentaire pris au sens large, il est souvent nécessaire de sécher des produits afin de retirer l'eau contenue dans ces produits et résultant de leur fabrication. Une teneur en eau au-delà d'un certain seuil favorise le développement de microorganismes et limite la conservation des produits. Dans d'autres applications, il s'agit de leur faire subir un traitement thermique, par exemple de chauffer des graines oléagineuses afin d'en améliorer le rendement d'extraction.In the agri-food sector in particular, agri-food taken in the broad sense, it is often necessary to dry products in order to remove the water contained in these products and resulting from their manufacture. A water content above a certain threshold promotes the development of microorganisms and limits the conservation of products. In other applications, it is a matter of subjecting them to heat treatment, for example heating oil seeds in order to improve the extraction yield.

Dans d'autres cas encore, suivant les recettes, il est nécessaire que le produit voit sa teneur en eau diminuée juste pour que la consistance soit adaptée.In still other cases, depending on the recipes, it is necessary for the product to have its water content lowered just so that the consistency is adapted.

Des normes ou législations peuvent obliger à une teneur donnée en eau, maximale. Dans le domaine agroalimentaire, il se présente également une autre contrainte importante qui est celle du nettoyage des matériels soit parce que les produits traités au sein des moyens de traitement thermique sont différents soit parce qu'il y a une accumulation localisée de particules du produit traité qu'il faut retirer avant un nouveau passage.Standards or legislation may require a given maximum water content. In the agri-food sector, there is also another important constraint which is that of the cleaning of materials either because the products treated within the heat treatment means are different or because there is a localized accumulation of particles of the treated product. that must be removed before a new passage.

D'autres produits minéraux peuvent contenir de l'eau qu'il est nécessaire d'éliminer comme des broyats de verre par exemple ou des poudres minérales et là il faut prendre en compte les caractéristiques abrasives du matériau.Other mineral products may contain water that must be removed, such as glass grinders or mineral powders, and the abrasive characteristics of the material must be taken into account.

Les dispositifs existants consistent à travailler généralement en tunnel avec un tapis de convoyage qui supporte le produit à sécher, ledit produit étant soumis à l'action de rayonnements infrarouges ou à une circulation d'air chaud afin de procéder à la montée en température du produit et à l'évaporation de l'eau contenue.The existing devices consist of working generally in tunnel with a conveyor belt which supports the product to be dried, said product being subjected to the action of infrared radiation or to a circulation of hot air in order to proceed with the temperature rise of the product and evaporation of the water contained.

On comprend que, si le produit solide est d'une granulométrie importante, comme par exemple des croquettes pour animaux, l'eau périphérique est rapidement éliminée mais l'eau interne migre difficilement du coeur vers la périphérie du moins difficilement durant un temps aussi court que celui passé dans un tunnel de séchage.It is understood that, if the solid product is of a large particle size, such as animal kibbles, the peripheral water is rapidly removed but the internal water migrates with difficulty from the heart to the periphery of the less difficult for such a short time than that spent in a drying tunnel.

De ce fait, l'homogénéité du séchage reste insatisfaisante et le contrôle du taux final est difficile.As a result, the homogeneity of the drying remains unsatisfactory and the control of the final rate is difficult.

Le nettoyage de ce type de tunnel reste compliqué car de nombreuses pièces sont nécessaires pour soutenir le tapis, le guider et le faire progresser, pièces qui sont source de contamination et qui engendre des difficultés de nettoyage par défaut d'accessibilité. Le tapis est généralement en matériau souple, résistant à la température. Néanmoins, ces tapis sont toujours susceptibles de provoquer des incendies, comme par exemple en cas de surchauffe localisée.The cleaning of this type of tunnel remains complicated because many parts are necessary to support the carpet, guide and advance, parts that are a source of contamination and which causes cleaning difficulties for lack of accessibility. The carpet is generally made of flexible material, resistant to temperature. Nevertheless, these carpets are always likely to cause fires, as for example in case of localized overheating.

Les surfaces de chauffage infrarouge sont nécessairement proches du produit et donc soumises à la vapeur d'eau qui s'échappe et aux microparticules qui sont entraînées et qui se déposent sur lesdites surfaces et les encrassent.The infrared heating surfaces are necessarily close to the product and therefore subject to the escaping water vapor and microparticles that are entrained and which are deposited on said surfaces and foul them.

L'énergie nécessaire pour maintenir en température un tel tunnel est importante avec des déperditions car le confinement est difficile du fait de la mobilité du tapis convoyeur. De plus, il faut mettre l'ensemble de la zone en température, ce qui nécessite un délai. On note aussi que l'arrêt du tunnel nécessite un refroidissement, donc un délai. Ceci est un problème pour le traitement de petites quantités car un tunnel ne présente pas l'adaptabilité requise.The energy required to maintain such a tunnel temperature is important with losses because confinement is difficult because of the mobility of the conveyor belt. In addition, it is necessary to put the whole of the zone in temperature, which requires a delay. We also note that the tunnel shutdown requires cooling, so a delay. This is a problem for the treatment of small quantities because a tunnel does not have the required adaptability.

Quant à confiner réellement l'atmosphère d'un four tunnel, cela reste très difficile, notamment si l'opérateur souhaite travailler sous atmosphère inerte, ou si les produits le nécessitent comme un séchage sous azote par exemple, afin de limiter l'oxydation.As for actually confining the atmosphere of a tunnel furnace, it remains very difficult, especially if the operator wishes to work under an inert atmosphere, or if the products require it such as drying under nitrogen for example, in order to limit oxidation.

Enfin, le tapis est difficile à changer en fonction des applications, la surface est plane ou creuse en fonction du guidage mais il est difficile de procéder à une modification rapide du profil du tapis convoyeur.Finally, the carpet is difficult to change depending on the applications, the surface is flat or hollow depending on the guidance but it is difficult to make a rapid change in the profile of the conveyor belt.

Il existe un agencement sous la forme d'un tunnel avec un bâti vibrant mais dans ce bâti, les fuites de microondes restent non maîtrisées. En effet, les trémies de sortie et d'entrée sont ouvertes et aucun bouchon de matière n'est prévu en entrée comme en sortie pour faire écran aux microondes générées dans le tunnel. De même aucun piège à microondes n'est prévu sur les circulations des gaz.There is an arrangement in the form of a tunnel with a vibrating frame but in this frame, the microwave leaks remain uncontrolled. Indeed, the output and input hoppers are open and no material cap is provided input or output to screen microwaves generated in the tunnel. Similarly, no microwave trap is provided for the circulation of gases.

Un procédé selon le préambule de la revendication 1 est décrit dans FR2026944 .A method according to the preamble of claim 1 is described in FR2026944 .

La présente invention propose un procédé qui assure un traitement thermique, notamment une déshydratation contrôlée, à coeur et répétitive, des produits granulaires parmi lesquels, sans que cette énumération puisse être limitative, on peut citer en plus de ceux déjà mentionnés, des effluents de stations d'épuration, des farines animales, du cacao, du sel, des fruits secs et des oléagineux comme le colza. Quant au dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé, il est aisé à nettoyer y compris en respectant des normes agroalimentaires, il assure un auto nettoyage partiel, continu, il est sans risque pour les opérateurs, il évite tout risque d'incendie et il permet un confinement des produits sous atmosphère contrôlée si nécessaire. Le dispositif est également très rapide et permet un gain important de productivité, ceci avec une consommation énergétique limitée aux seuls besoins du séchage, en évitant de porter toute l'enceinte en température. Le dispositif permet également la modification du support de convoyage très rapidement en fonction des applications.The present invention proposes a process which provides a heat treatment, in particular a controlled, core and repetitive dehydration of granular products among which, without this enumeration being limiting, mention may be made in addition to those already mentioned, of effluents from purification, animal meal, cocoa, salt, dried fruits and oilseeds such as rapeseed. As for the device for the implementation of this process, it is easy to clean including in compliance with food standards, it provides a partial self cleaning, continuous, it is safe for operators, it avoids any risk of fire and it allows a confinement of the products under controlled atmosphere if necessary. The device is also very fast and allows a significant gain in productivity, this with energy consumption limited to the needs of drying, avoiding to wear the entire chamber temperature. The device also allows the modification of the conveying support very quickly depending on the applications.

Le procédé selon la présente invention et le dispositif pour mettre en oeuvre ce procédé sont maintenant décrits en détail suivant un mode de réalisation préféré, cette description étant établie en regard des dessins schématiques annexés qui représentent :

  • Figure 1 : une vue en perspective du dispositif de traitement thermique pour mettre en oeuvre le procédé selon la présente invention,
  • Figure 2 : une vue en élévation latérale du dispositif de la figure 1,
  • Figure 3 : une vue en coupe longitudinale, verticale du dispositif de la figure 1.
The method according to the present invention and the device for carrying out this method are now described in detail according to a preferred embodiment, this description being established with reference to the appended schematic drawings which represent:
  • Figure 1 : a perspective view of the heat treatment device for implementing the method according to the present invention,
  • Figure 2 : a side elevation of the device of the figure 1 ,
  • Figure 3 : a longitudinal, vertical sectional view of the device of the figure 1 .

Le procédé de traitement thermique d'un produit granulaire selon la présente invention consiste en la succession des étapes suivantes :

  • disposer le produit granulaire sur un support,
  • soumettre ledit produit granulaire à l'action de microondes
  • soumettre le support à l'action de moyens d'avance en translation par vibrations, simultanément à la soumission à l'action des microondes.
The method of heat treatment of a granular product according to the present invention consists in the succession of the following steps:
  • arrange the granular product on a support,
  • subjecting said granular product to the action of microwaves
  • subjecting the support to the action of translation advance means by vibration, simultaneously with the submission to the action of microwaves.

Ce procédé prévoit également de générer un bouchon de produit granulaire en entrée du support, assurant une barrière aux microondes et de générer un bouchon de produit granulaire en sortie de support, assurant une barrière aux microondes.This method also provides for generating a plug of granular product at the inlet of the support, providing a barrier to microwaves and generating a plug of granular product at the outlet of the support, providing a barrier to microwaves.

Le procédé consiste de préférence à évacuer la vapeur d'eau émise au fur et à mesure de sa production le long du support.The method preferably consists in evacuating the steam emitted as it is produced along the support.

Le procédé consiste également de préférence à traiter le produit granulaire sous atmosphère contrôlée par exemple sous azote afin d'éviter une oxydation notamment.The method also preferably consists in treating the granular product in a controlled atmosphere, for example under nitrogen, in order to avoid oxidation in particular.

Le procédé permet ainsi d'allier le chauffage par microondes qui assure une pénétration de l'énergie au coeur des grains du produit granulaire et qui assure une migration à vitesse très fortement augmentée de la vapeur d'eau vers la surface en plus d'un éventuel traitement thermique en fonction de la puissance générée et du temps passé donc de la vitesse d'avance.The method thus makes it possible to combine microwave heating which ensures penetration of energy into the grain of the granular product and which ensures a very greatly increased migration of water vapor towards the surface in addition to possible heat treatment depending on the power generated and the time spent so the speed of advance.

Dans le cas d'un séchage, les microondes assurent une vaporisation très rapide de l'eau à la surface du produit granulaire.In the case of drying, the microwaves provide a very rapid vaporization of the water on the surface of the granular product.

Un autre avantage du procédé selon la présente invention est le déplacement simultané, par vibrations, qui conduit à une présentation du produit granulaire aux microondes sous des angles variés car il est connu que, malgré toutes les précautions prises, les cheminements, notamment du fait des phénomènes de réflexion des microondes sur les parois, nécessitent un mouvement du produit soumis à ces microondes pour obtenir une distribution homogène.Another advantage of the process according to the present invention is the simultaneous displacement, by vibrations, which leads to a presentation of the granular product with microwaves from various angles because it is known that, despite all the precautions taken, the pathways, in particular because of phenomena of microwave reflection on the walls, require a movement of the product subjected to these microwaves to obtain a homogeneous distribution.

Le procédé qui consiste, dans une de ses étapes, à réaliser un bouchon en entrée et un bouchon en sortie, complète les étapes pour éviter les fuites des microondes et donc pour éviter de soumettre le personnel environnant éventuel à ces microondes.The method which consists, in one of its steps, in producing an inlet plug and a plug at the outlet, completes the steps to prevent leakage of the microwaves and thus to avoid subjecting the potential surrounding personnel to these microwaves.

Le dispositif permettant de mettre en oeuvre le procédé selon l'invention, prévu pour mettre en oeuvre le procédé, est maintenant décrit en regard des figures 1 à 3, indifféremment.The device making it possible to implement the method according to the invention, provided for implementing the method, is now described with regard to the Figures 1 to 3 , indifferently.

Le dispositif comprend de façon schématique une enceinte 10, montée mobile sur un châssis 12, fixe, ceci par exemple grâce à des pavés en matériau élastomère du type "Silentbloc" interposés entre ladite enceinte et ledit châssis.The device comprises schematically an enclosure 10 mounted movably on a fixed frame 12, for example by means of blocks of elastomeric material of the "Silentbloc" type interposed between said enclosure and said frame.

L'enceinte 10 comprend une entrée 14, destinée à recevoir le produit 16 granulaire humide et une sortie 18, destinée à évacuer le produit 16 granulaire séché. Cette enceinte est représentée, dans le mode de réalisation, avec une forme parallélépipédique, la section étant sensiblement carrée et la longueur étant très supérieure au côté de la section carrée. L'axe longitudinal ainsi défini est nommé XX'.The enclosure 10 includes an inlet 14 for receiving the wet granular product 16 and an outlet 18 for discharging the dried granular product. This enclosure is represented, in the embodiment, with a parallelepipedal shape, the section being substantially square and the length being much greater than the side of the square section. The longitudinal axis thus defined is named XX '.

Le dispositif comprend de façon avantageuse une trémie 20 d'alimentation, reliée à l'enceinte 10 par un manchon souple 22.The device advantageously comprises a feed hopper 20 connected to the enclosure 10 by a flexible sleeve 22.

L'enceinte comporte au moins un générateur 24 de microondes dont le canon 26 débouche dans l'enceinte 10.The enclosure comprises at least one microwave generator 24 whose barrel 26 opens into the enclosure 10.

Ce générateur 24 de microondes est du type utilisant des fréquences dans une gamme de quelques centaines X100 à quelques milliers Y1000 de Mégahertz. Chaque canon 26 est orienté de façon inclinée par rapport à l'axe XX', en l'occurrence une inclinaison de 30°.This microwave generator 24 is of the type using frequencies in the range of a few hundred X100 to a few thousand Y1000 Megahertz. Each barrel 26 is oriented inclined relative to the axis XX ', in this case an inclination of 30 °.

De façon générale, il est préférable d'utiliser une succession de générateurs 24, comme montré sur la représentation schématique, en l'occurrence quatre générateurs pour une longueur de 4m, disposés dans la partie médiane.In general, it is preferable to use a succession of generators 24, as shown in the schematic representation, in this case four generators for a length of 4m, arranged in the middle part.

Les générateurs sont, de préférence, découplés mécaniquement de l'enceinte afin de ne pas subir les vibrations.The generators are preferably mechanically decoupled from the enclosure so as not to undergo vibration.

L'enceinte 10 comporte des moyens 28 de mise en vibration de l'enceinte suivant son axe longitudinal, par un mouvement dont la composante est orientée sensiblement suivant un axe vers le haut, dans un secteur orienté de l'entrée vers la sortie. Ces moyens de mise en vibration peuvent être un moteur à balourd. Ces vibrations conduisent à une avance en translation du produit granulaire, dans la direction longitudinale de l'enceinte. La fréquence, l'angle, l'intensité permettent de gérer l'avance.The enclosure 10 comprises means 28 for vibrating the enclosure along its longitudinal axis, by a movement whose component is oriented substantially along an axis upwards, in a sector oriented from the inlet to the outlet. These means of vibration can be an unbalanced motor. These vibrations lead to a translational advance of the granular product, in the longitudinal direction of the enclosure. The frequency, the angle, the intensity make it possible to manage the advance.

L'enceinte 10 comprend, dans sa longueur interne, de façon avantageuse, un support 30 du produit granulaire. Ce support 30 est orienté longitudinalement et se trouve solidaire de l'enceinte 10.The enclosure 10 advantageously comprises a support 30 of the granular product. This support 30 is oriented longitudinally and is integral with the enclosure 10.

Avantageusement, le support 30 est sensiblement un hémi cylindre dont l'axe central est orienté suivant l'axe longitudinal XX', pour former une gouttière, ceci dans la longueur interne de l'enceinte. Le support est cylindrique avant l'entrée et après la sortie de l'enceinte 10.Advantageously, the support 30 is substantially a hemi-cylinder whose central axis is oriented along the longitudinal axis XX ', to form a gutter, this in the internal length of the enclosure. The support is cylindrical before the entry and after the exit of the enclosure 10.

Ce support 30 reçoit le produit granulaire en vrac.This support 30 receives the granular product in bulk.

L'enceinte 10 est également équipée d'au moins un piquage 32 d'évacuation des gaz vers l'extérieur, soit à l'air libre soit relié à un circuit spécifique de traitement.The enclosure 10 is also equipped with at least one outgoing gas discharge tap 32, either in the open air or connected to a specific treatment circuit.

Selon un agencement perfectionné, il est aussi prévu au moins un piquage 34 d'alimentation en gaz. Ce au moins un piquage 34 d'alimentation peut être relié à une source de gaz pour un fonctionnement sous atmosphère contrôlée, de l'azote par exemple.According to an improved arrangement, at least one gas supply point 34 is also provided. This at least one supply tap 34 can be connected to a source of gas for operation in a controlled atmosphere, for example nitrogen.

L'enceinte 10, comme le support 30, est avantageusement métallique mais réalisée dans un matériau métallique insensible aux microondes.The enclosure 10, like the support 30, is advantageously metallic but made of a metal material insensitive to microwaves.

Le dispositif permet de mettre en oeuvre le procédé selon la présente invention.The device makes it possible to implement the method according to the present invention.

Lors du fonctionnement, le produit granulaire est disposé dans une trémie ou alimenté en continu dans la trémie qui a un rôle de tampon volumique mais qui assure aussi la formation d'un bouchon de produit granulaire.In operation, the granular product is placed in a hopper or fed continuously into the hopper which acts as a volume buffer but also ensures the formation of a granular product plug.

Ce bouchon de produit granulaire évite les fuites de microondes se propageant par réflexion hors de l'enceinte 10.This granular product plug prevents leakage of microwaves propagating by reflection outside the chamber 10.

Le produit granulaire atteint par gravité le support 30, support qui est mis en vibration par les moyens 28 de mise en vibration qui assurent la mise en vibration de l'enceinte 10 à laquelle il est solidarisé.The granular product reaches by gravity the support 30, which support is vibrated by the vibrating means 28 which ensure the vibration of the enclosure 10 to which it is secured.

Le produit granulaire se déplace alors en translation le long de l'axe XX', dans la gouttière que constitue le support 30, dans le mode de réalisation retenu. Durant les phases de vibrations, on constate que le produit est soumis à des accélérations et des décélérations à la fréquence de vibrations.The granular product then moves in translation along the axis XX ', in the gutter that constitutes the support 30, in the embodiment chosen. During the vibration phases, it is found that the product is subjected to accelerations and decelerations at the vibration frequency.

Ces variations d'accélérations provoquent un mouvement dans la gouttière qui lui-même engendre des remontées du produit granulaire le long de la paroi de la gouttière, simultanément à son avance de faible amplitude certes, mais néanmoins, il se produit un auto nettoyage des parois du support ou tout du moins un non encrassement alors que le produit est encore humide.These variations in accelerations cause a movement in the gutter which itself causes the granular product to rise up along the wall of the gutter, simultaneously with its small advance of course, but nevertheless, there is a self cleaning of the walls. support or at least a non-fouling while the product is still wet.

Le produit se déplace en translation et les grains constituant le produit granulaire sont présentés sous toutes les géométries si bien que tout le volume de chaque grain est exposé au microondes directes ou réfléchies.The product moves in translation and the grains constituting the granular product are presented in all the geometries so that the entire volume of each grain is exposed to the microwave direct or reflected.

Les grains du produit granulaire sont soumis aux actions des microondes qui provoquent la vaporisation de l'eau en surface mais aussi la migration de l'eau contenue dans le produit car l'eau interne aux grains est soumise à l'action des microondes et tend à migrer vers la surface du fait de la chaleur et du fait du gradient d'humidité au sein du produit.The grains of the granular product are subjected to the actions of the microwaves which cause the vaporization of the water on the surface but also the migration of the water contained in the product because the water internal to the grains is subjected to the action of microwaves and tends to migrate to the surface because of the heat and because of the moisture gradient within the product.

L'eau ayant migré est à son tour soumise au faisceau du générateur suivant.The migrated water is in turn subjected to the next generator beam.

Ceci reste théorique car du fait des réflexions, les grains sont soumis en permanence aux microondes mais au droit du guide d'ondes, chaque grain est soumis de façon plus intense au faisceau de microondes.This remains theoretical because of the reflections, the grains are permanently subjected to microwaves but right waveguide, each grain is subjected more intensely to the beam of microwaves.

La vapeur d'eau résultant de l'action des microondes est extraite par le piquage 32 d'évacuation.The water vapor resulting from the action of the microwaves is extracted by the sewing 32 discharge.

Ce piquage représente schématiquement la sortie de la vapeur d'eau mais il peut comporter une liaison à un extracteur, à un traitement des vapeurs, à des moyens de condensation de l'eau.This quilting schematically represents the output of water vapor but it may include a connection to an extractor, a treatment of vapors, means of condensing water.

Il convient de prévoir, de façon connue, un piège à microondes sur tous les piquages mais ceci de façon connue par la présence d'une ou plusieurs grilles dont le diamètre des trous est adapté à celui de la longueur d'ondes des microondes.It is advisable to provide, in a known manner, a microwave trap on all the taps, but this in known manner by the presence of one or more grids whose hole diameter is adapted to that of the wavelength of the microwaves.

De façon avantageuse, pour certains produits délicats, il est nécessaire de travailler sous atmosphère neutre et dans ce cas, l'enceinte est soumise à une atmosphère contrôlée de gaz de l'azote par exemple, injecté par le piquage 34 d'alimentation.Advantageously, for certain delicate products, it is necessary to work in a neutral atmosphere and in this case, the enclosure is subjected to a controlled atmosphere of nitrogen gas for example, injected by the power tapping 34.

Dans ce cas, il est nécessaire de prévoir un traitement en sortie du piquage 32 puisque le balayage d'azote assure simultanément l'entraînement de la vapeur d'eau.In this case, it is necessary to provide a treatment at the outlet of the tapping 32 since the nitrogen sweep simultaneously ensures the entrainment of water vapor.

La présence des bouchons de produit en entrée et en sortie est alors à double fonction puisqu'ils évitent les fuites de microondes et du mélange gazeux de l'enceinte.The presence of product plugs in and out is then dual function since they avoid leakage of microwaves and gaseous mixture of the enclosure.

Les avantages du procédé et du dispositif selon la présente invention sont confirmés car on constate une grande efficacité avec un rendement énergétique élevé.The advantages of the method and the device according to the present invention are confirmed because high efficiency with high energy efficiency is found.

Par exemple, pour un même volume ou un même poids P de produit traité avec une hygrométrie de x en entrée et qui présente une hygrométrie de y en sortie, on obtient les résultats suivants :

  • une durée de passage de 8 à 10 min avec une énergie vibrations + microondes de 10 kW,
  • une durée de 30 min avec un traitement par infrarouges de 20kW.
For example, for the same volume or the same weight P of product treated with hygrometry of x input and which has a hygrometry y output, we obtain the following results:
  • a transit time of 8 to 10 min with a vibration + microwave energy of 10 kW,
  • a duration of 30 min with infrared treatment of 20kW.

De façon surprenante, on constate aussi que l'épaisseur de matière joue un rôle important, avec une optimisation en fonction du type de produit et du type de traitement thermique recherché. Il existe en effet pour chaque produit une épaisseur de produit granulaire, en fonction du profil du support, en fonction des températures, en fonction de la longueur du support, en fonction du nombre et de la puissance des générateurs.Surprisingly, it is also noted that the thickness of material plays an important role, with an optimization according to the type of product and the type of heat treatment sought. There is indeed for each product a thickness of granular product, depending on the profile of the support, depending on the temperatures, depending on the length of the support, depending on the number and power of the generators.

Ainsi, pour un exemple concernant du verre broyé, ayant ces caractéristiques : Densité (1.5) 2500 kg.m-3 Conductivité thermique 1.4 W.m-1.C-1 Chaleur spécifique 750 J.kg-1.C-1 on obtient les résultats modélisés suivants :

  • Hauteur de verre : 92,5 mm, puissance fournie 11kW, le verre absorbe une puissance de 10.5kW donc rendement de 95%.
  • Hauteur de verre : 106,5mm, puissance fournie de 11kW, le verre absorbe une puissance de 9.5kW donc rendement de 86%.
Thus, for an example concerning crushed glass, having these characteristics: Density (1.5) 2500 kg.m -3 Thermal conductivity 1.4 Wm -1 .C -1 Specific heat 750 J.kg -1 .C -1 the following modeled results are obtained:
  • Glass height: 92.5 mm, power output 11kW, the glass absorbs a power of 10.5kW so 95% efficiency.
  • Glass height: 106.5mm, power output of 11kW, the glass absorbs a power of 9.5kW thus 86% efficiency.

Par exemple dans le cas du verre toujours en comparant les deux épaisseurs voici les températures atteintes dans le support de forme hémisphérique, sachant que les températures extérieure et dans l'enceinte sont de 15°C .For example in the case of glass always comparing the two thicknesses here are the temperatures reached in the hemispherical support, knowing that the outside and inside temperatures are 15 ° C.

La mesure est effectuée au bout de 9 minutes. °C Surface Fond Centre Extrémité Hauteur 92,5 mm 207 127 150 20.2 Hauteur 106,5mm 84 105 92 23 The measurement is made after 9 minutes. ° C Area Background Center End Height 92.5 mm 207 127 150 20.2 Height 106,5mm 84 105 92 23

On constate de fortes variations qui doivent être atténuées dans la réalité du fait des imperfections de réalisation mais les tests ont montré des disparités de cet ordre.There are strong variations that must be mitigated in reality because of imperfections of realization but the tests showed disparities of this order.

Un autre paramètre qui peut influer est la température du produit en entrée du dispositif.Another parameter that can influence is the product temperature at the input of the device.

On note aussi que le changement de produit granulaire est très rapide car il suffit de nettoyer l'enceinte, ce qui peut être réalisé intégralement par jet sous haute pression d'eau chaude. L'enceinte ne comporte aucun organe sensible comme des résistances. Le matériau qui constitue l'enceinte est généralement de l'acier inoxydable amagnétique, qui est un matériau alimentaire par nature, ce qui est un autre atout.It is also noted that the change of granular product is very fast because it is sufficient to clean the enclosure, which can be achieved entirely by jet under high pressure of hot water. The enclosure does not include any sensitive organs such as resistors. The material that constitutes the enclosure is generally non-magnetic stainless steel, which is a food material by nature, which is another asset.

La gouttière peut aussi être amovible et donc changée tant pour bénéficier d'une forme adaptée au produit, en U, hémisphérique; en V ouvert, d'un diamètre différent par exemple.The gutter can also be removable and therefore changed so as to benefit from a shape adapted to the product, in U, hemispherical; open V, of a different diameter for example.

Si le dispositif est destiné à un seul et unique produit de façon continue et définitive, le support 30 et l'enceinte 10 peuvent ne faire qu'un seul et même moyen. L'enceinte est alors elle-même le support.If the device is intended for a single product in a continuous and definitive manner, the support 30 and the enclosure 10 may be one and the same. The enclosure is then itself the support.

Les générateurs de microondes sont pilotés en puissance très aisément et l'avance aussi bien que le procédé et le dispositif permettent une adaptation très rapide.Microwave generators are power driven very easily and the advance as well as the method and device allow a very fast adaptation.

On note également qu'il n'y a aucune inertie et donc aucune attente liée à un refroidissement pour entamer le nettoyage. De même, pour la mise en service, le produit granulaire nouveau est introduit et les étapes du procédé sont mises en oeuvre à travers le dispositif sans délai puisqu'il n'y a ni montée en température, ni préchauffage nécessaires.It is also noted that there is no inertia and therefore no expectation of cooling to begin cleaning. Similarly, for commissioning, the new granular product is introduced and the process steps are implemented through the device without delay since there is no rise in temperature or preheating required.

L'auto nettoyage est particulièrement appréciable pour les opérateurs.Self cleaning is particularly valuable for operators.

Claims (3)

  1. A method for the heat treatment of a wet granular product comprising the following succession of steps:
    - arranging the granular product (16) on a support (30),
    - subjecting said granular product to the action of microwaves, and
    - subjecting the support to the action of means (28) for translational advance by vibrations, simultaneously with the subjection to the action of microwaves,
    characterised in that it comprises generating a plug of granular product at the entry to the support, providing a barrier to the microwaves, and generating a plug of granular product at the exit from the support, also providing a barrier to the microwaves.
  2. A method for the heat treatment of a granular product according to claim 1, characterised in that it consists of discharging the steam emitted as it is produced along the support.
  3. A method for the heat treatment of a granular product according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that it consists of treating the granular product in a controlled atmosphere.
EP14305612.5A 2013-04-25 2014-04-25 Method for heat treatment of solid granular products, in particular of food products Active EP2796820B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1353785A FR3005153B1 (en) 2013-04-25 2013-04-25 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR THERMALLY PROCESSING SOLID GRANULAR PRODUCTS, IN PARTICULAR AGRO-FOOD PRODUCTS

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EP2796820B1 true EP2796820B1 (en) 2017-12-06

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Cited By (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106247760A (en) * 2016-08-31 2016-12-21 昆明理工大学 A kind of device of microwave drying welding rod

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CN113606919A (en) * 2020-07-29 2021-11-05 门亮亮 Biomass energy material processing is with circulation drying device
CN113340057B (en) * 2021-06-07 2023-06-30 南京中枢讯飞信息技术有限公司 Drying equipment before flour packing

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US3545093A (en) * 1968-12-23 1970-12-08 Exxon Research Engineering Co Microwave vibrating resonating cavity and drying process
US3885119A (en) * 1974-04-18 1975-05-20 Ralph G Sargeant Apparatus for agglomerating and/or drying and sterilizing particulate material
FR2651874B1 (en) * 1989-09-08 1994-11-18 Cinema Magnetique Comm MICROWAVE DRYING DEVICE FOR WOOD PIECES, PARTICULARLY GLUE-COMPOSITE WOOD PIECES.
DE29517499U1 (en) * 1995-11-04 1997-03-13 Battelle Ingenieurtechnik GmbH, 65760 Eschborn Device for the treatment of substances with electromagnetic radio frequency energy
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CN106247760A (en) * 2016-08-31 2016-12-21 昆明理工大学 A kind of device of microwave drying welding rod

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EP2796820A1 (en) 2014-10-29
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