EP0039270B1 - Arrangement for a drying and/or heating treatment and grinding of granular material - Google Patents
Arrangement for a drying and/or heating treatment and grinding of granular material Download PDFInfo
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- EP0039270B1 EP0039270B1 EP81400594A EP81400594A EP0039270B1 EP 0039270 B1 EP0039270 B1 EP 0039270B1 EP 81400594 A EP81400594 A EP 81400594A EP 81400594 A EP81400594 A EP 81400594A EP 0039270 B1 EP0039270 B1 EP 0039270B1
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
- F23K1/00—Preparation of lump or pulverulent fuel in readiness for delivery to combustion apparatus
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C21/00—Disintegrating plant with or without drying of the material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
- C10B57/08—Non-mechanical pretreatment of the charge, e.g. desulfurization
- C10B57/10—Drying
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
- F23K1/00—Preparation of lump or pulverulent fuel in readiness for delivery to combustion apparatus
- F23K1/04—Heating fuel prior to delivery to combustion apparatus
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B17/00—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement
- F26B17/10—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed by fluid currents, e.g. issuing from a nozzle, e.g. pneumatic, flash, vortex or entrainment dryers
- F26B17/101—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed by fluid currents, e.g. issuing from a nozzle, e.g. pneumatic, flash, vortex or entrainment dryers the drying enclosure having the shape of one or a plurality of shafts or ducts, e.g. with substantially straight and vertical axis
- F26B17/102—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed by fluid currents, e.g. issuing from a nozzle, e.g. pneumatic, flash, vortex or entrainment dryers the drying enclosure having the shape of one or a plurality of shafts or ducts, e.g. with substantially straight and vertical axis with material recirculation, classifying or disintegrating means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
- F26B3/02—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air
- F26B3/06—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the gas or vapour flowing through the materials or objects to be dried
- F26B3/08—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the gas or vapour flowing through the materials or objects to be dried so as to loosen them, e.g. to form a fluidised bed
- F26B3/092—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the gas or vapour flowing through the materials or objects to be dried so as to loosen them, e.g. to form a fluidised bed agitating the fluidised bed, e.g. by vibrating or pulsating
- F26B3/0923—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the gas or vapour flowing through the materials or objects to be dried so as to loosen them, e.g. to form a fluidised bed agitating the fluidised bed, e.g. by vibrating or pulsating by mechanical means, e.g. vibrated plate, stirrer
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
- F23K2201/00—Pretreatment of solid fuel
- F23K2201/10—Pulverizing
Definitions
- the invention relates to an installation for the treatment by drying and / or heating and grinding of a granular material.
- a coal mixture to be treated for this purpose is usually characterized by the following particle size breakdown: 100% ⁇ 20 mm, 90% ⁇ 10 mm, 50 to 65% ⁇ 3.15 mm.
- the fumes from the combustion chamber for example at 800 ° C allowing the coal grains to dry, when they are the most humid (between 7 and 11%), by yielding part of their sensible heat to evaporate the surface moisture of the grains, which reduces their average temperature.
- the coal grains remain at a temperature of 100 ° C until the water has evaporated.
- the coal becomes drier and more sensitive to the degradation of its coking properties, but the temperature of the fumes has already considerably decreased and reaches 300-380 ° C.
- the preheated coal can be intended to be put into steam in coke ovens: if the particle size of the coal is too coarse, it is necessary to use a larger quantity of steam for the transport of coal in the ovens and overpressures occur therein; on the other hand, if the particle size is too fine, the quantities of carbon entrained in the riser gas recovery are too large and constitute a significant loss of production, as well as those entrained in a decompression line making it possible to eliminate part coal transport steam before it enters the furnaces.
- the grinder rotated in the fluidized layer makes it possible to achieve the particle size suitable for charging from raw coal of suitable particle size to avoid, during drying, the degradation of fine grains.
- the grinding is done by percussion of the bars or hammers of the grinder on the coarsest grains, by percussion of the grains between them, by percussion of the grains on the walls.
- the grinding mobile can occupy a maximum of space in the elutriation zone.
- the vertical projection of the grinding mobile represents 80% of the section of the elutriation zone.
- the grains of coal entering the elutriation zone have a high probability of being intercepted by the grinding mobile.
- the latter moreover, is rotated at a peripheral speed sufficient to communicate to the particles the energy necessary for the bursting of the grains.
- Document FR-A-1 311 351 discloses a grinding device constituted by a vertical fluidization enclosure containing a rotary mill placed in the fluidized bed and, downstream of this mill, bars whose presence reduces the apparent cross section of the enclosure in this area. However, these bars are located in the immediate vicinity of the rotor. Therefore, we observe with this device the same drawbacks as those mentioned above.
- the object of the invention is to avoid the above drawbacks and to restore the advantages of small devices to large devices, that is to say to completely combine the effects of drying and / or heating and grinding with a coarse starting granular product and a treated product of finer and tighter particle size.
- the intermediate zone or zones are located in the upper half of the vertical enclosure, preferably in the vicinity of two-thirds of the height of the vertical enclosure.
- an intermediate zone prefferably constituted by transverse bars arranged on at least one horizontal level, for example on two levels in alternating or crossed parallel arrangement.
- the intermediate zone is constituted by a grid and, according to another variant, by a diaphragm.
- the reduction in effective cross section is of the order of 25 to 60% of the free cross section of the enclosure.
- a vertical enclosure 1 of rectangular section at the base of which an ascending duct 2 opens for a gaseous fluidization and drive agent consisting of hot fumes produced by a combustion chamber 3 which delivers, in the pipe 2 through a venturi 4.
- a rotating mobile 5 In the enclosure 1, and in the lower part thereof, is disposed a rotating mobile 5 with hammers of horizontal axis 6.
- the height H of the part of the enclosure having a substantially constant rectangular section is 2.5 to 3 times the diameter of the rotating mobile 5.
- bars 10 are arranged arranged in parallel on two rows 11 arranged alternately covering together about 50% of the free section of the enclosure.
- the section is narrowed by a diaphragm 14 carried by the walls and reducing the effective section to around 50% of the free section of the enclosure.
- This diaphragm 14 is surmounted by an inclined plane 15 to reduce the accumulation of dust.
- FIGS. 7 and 8 the bars and the diaphragm are replaced by a grid 16 shown in FIG. 9.
- the preferred mode is that which includes bars, because of the simplicity of installation, exchange and maintenance.
- FIG. 10 shows the particle size breakdown of a raw coal and the products leaving various types of installation to be compared.
- the opening of the meshs of the test colander (lower line) and the corresponding AFNOR module (upper line) is shown on the abscissa and on the ordinate the percentage of the pass of each mesh expressed on a logarithmic scale.
- Curve A is that of rough coal at about 50% ⁇ 3.15 mm.
- Curve B is cell of the same coal after treatment in a known type installation whose enclosure has a completely free cross section of 0.1 m 2 (0.56 x 0.18 m) over a height of 2 m with a mobile of 0.51 m in diameter with a peripheral speed of 17 to 20 m / s in the presence of smoke having, in the enclosure, the speed of 4 to 4.5 m / s.
- a favorable curve B is obtained with approximately 95% ⁇ 3.15 mm and only 14% ⁇ 0.2 mm (to be compared with 11% of the starting carbon). This means that there was no overgrinding.
- Curve C is that of the same coal after treatment in an installation also of known type, but extrapolated from the previous one, whose enclosure has a completely free cross section of 7.2 m 2 (3x2.4 m) over a height of 4 m with a 1.7 m diameter mobile having a peripheral speed of 17 to 20 m / s in the presence of smoke having, in the enclosure, the speed of 4 to 4.5 m / s. This time, 98% of 3.15 mm is obtained, but with more than 40% of ⁇ 0.2 mm, which is not admissible.
- a solution is, in this case, to increase the speed of the gases up to 5 to 6 m / s, which leads to the curve D, which brings back to around 95% ⁇ 3.15 mm but still 35% ⁇ 0.2 mm, i.e. with too much shredded material.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
- Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)
- Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)
Description
L'invention concerne une installation pour le traitement par séchage et/ou chauffage et broyage d'un matériau granuleux.The invention relates to an installation for the treatment by drying and / or heating and grinding of a granular material.
On connaît, notamment par les brevets français Nos. 1 357 803 et 1 555 546 du demandeur, de telles installations dans lesquelles le matériau à traiter est d'abord entraîné par transport pneumatique par des fumées chaudes puis entraîné par ces mêmes fumées dans une enceinte verticale de fluidisation dans la partie inférieure de laquelle tourne un mobile de broyage par impact. Une zone de triage par élutriation, dite de revance, surmontant ce mobile est de hauteur suffisante pour permettre la retombée des gros grains projetés hors du lit fluidisé. Dans cette zone d'élutriation les grains non broyés ou insuffisamment broyés dans la couche fluidisée et entraînés par les fumées sortant de la couche fluidisée sédimentent et retombent dans la couche fluidisée, où ils subissent un broyage complémentaire, tandis que les particules séchées et broyées ayant atteint la finesse désirée sont entraînées pneumatique- ment dans une conduite d'entraînement pneumatique du matériau traité. Dans le brevet No. 1 357 803 cette conduite est disposée latéralement à la partie supérieure de l'enceinte de fluidisation, tandis que dans le brevet No. 1 555 546 elle est centrale et réglable en hauteur pour obtenir une granulométrie désirée.We know, in particular by the French patents Nos. 1,357,803 and 1,555,546 to the applicant, such installations in which the material to be treated is first entrained by pneumatic transport by hot fumes and then entrained by these same fumes in a vertical fluidization enclosure in the lower part of which rotates an impact grinding mobile. A sorting zone by elutriation, called revance, surmounting this mobile is of sufficient height to allow the fall of large grains projected out of the fluidized bed. In this elutriation zone, the unground or insufficiently ground grains in the fluidized layer and entrained by the fumes leaving the fluidized layer sediment and fall back into the fluidized layer, where they undergo additional grinding, while the dried and ground particles having reached the desired fineness are driven pneumatically in a pneumatic drive pipe of the treated material. In patent No. 1,357,803 this pipe is arranged laterally at the upper part of the fluidization enclosure, while in patent No. 1,555,546 it is central and adjustable in height to obtain a desired particle size.
Le phénomène de retombée dans le broyeur des grains insuffisamment broyés permet de réaliser de façon très simple et économique un broyage "méthodique" analogue à celui qui pourrait être réalisé en criblant le produit traité et en recyclant les plus gros grains.The phenomenon of fallout in the grinder of the insufficiently ground grains makes it possible to carry out in a very simple and economical manner a "methodical" grinding analogous to that which could be carried out by screening the treated product and by recycling the larger grains.
Si on soumet au traitement dans l'installation un charbon à sécher et/ou préchauffer et à broyer, en vue de son enfournement dans un four à choke, il est nécessaire que ce charbon soit broyé à une dimension, bien précise, c'est-à-dire à une granulométrie très serrée avec peu de fins et peu de gros.If a coal to be dried and / or preheated and crushed is subjected to treatment in the installation, with a view to placing it in a choke oven, it is necessary for this coal to be crushed to a specific dimension, this is that is to say with a very tight particle size with few ends and few coarse.
Un mélange de charbon à traiter dans ce but est usuellement caractérisé par la décomposition granulométrique suivante: 100%<20 mm, 90%<10 mm, 50 à 65%<3,15 mm.A coal mixture to be treated for this purpose is usually characterized by the following particle size breakdown: 100% <20 mm, 90% <10 mm, 50 to 65% <3.15 mm.
Les fumées issue de la chambre de combustion par exemple à 800°C permettant de sécher les grains de charbon, au moment où ils sont les plus humides (entre 7 et 11 %), en cédant une partie de leur chaleur sensible pour évaporer l'humidité superficielle des grains, ce qui réduit leur température moyenne. Les grains de charbon restent à une température de 100°C tant que l'eau n'est pas évaporée. Au cours du transport vers la zone de fluidisation, le charbon devient plus sec et plus sensible à la dégradation de ses propriérés cokéfiantes, mais la température des fumées a déjà beaucoup diminué et atteint 300-3800C.The fumes from the combustion chamber, for example at 800 ° C allowing the coal grains to dry, when they are the most humid (between 7 and 11%), by yielding part of their sensible heat to evaporate the surface moisture of the grains, which reduces their average temperature. The coal grains remain at a temperature of 100 ° C until the water has evaporated. During transport to the fluidization zone, the coal becomes drier and more sensitive to the degradation of its coking properties, but the temperature of the fumes has already considerably decreased and reaches 300-380 ° C.
Il est donc, de ce point de vue, plus avantageux de sécher de grosses particules et d'ajuster le broyage du charbon à la granulométrie recherchée (90%<3,15 mm) und fois que le charbon est préchauffé. C'est ce qui est réalisé avec le broyeur placé dans la zone de fluidisation. Ce broyeur agit en outre sur le temps de séjour des grains de charbon dans la zone de fluidisation: s'il est supprimé la perte de charge de la zone de fluidisation augmente, ce qui signifie que le temps de séjour des grains de charbon dans la zone de fluidisation augmente.It is therefore, from this point of view, more advantageous to dry large particles and to adjust the grinding of the coal to the desired particle size (90% <3.15 mm) and once the coal is preheated. This is what is achieved with the mill placed in the fluidization zone. This mill also acts on the residence time of the coal grains in the fluidization zone: if it is removed, the pressure drop in the fluidization zone increases, which means that the residence time of the coal grains in the fluidization area increases.
De ce fait, des grains de charbon déjà secs et préchauffés, mais encore en mouvement au sein de la zone de fluidisation, risquent d'être mis, dans la partie inférieure de la zone de fluidisation, en contact avec des fumées encore chaudes (300―380°C); il y a dont des risques pour que certains grains de charbon et, en particulier les plus fins, voient leurs propriétés cokéfiantes dégradées. Lorsque le broyeur est en service, la perte de charge de la zone de fluidisation est plus faible: le broyeur a un effet de ventilateur qui permet aux particules les plus fines de s'échapper rapidement du lit et de n'être ni dégradées, ni surbroyées.As a result, grains of coal already dry and preheated, but still moving within the fluidization zone, risk being brought into contact, in the lower part of the fluidization zone, with still hot fumes (300 ―380 ° C); there are therefore risks that certain grains of coal and, in particular the finest, see their coking properties degraded. When the mill is in service, the pressure drop in the fluidization zone is lower: the mill has a fan effect which allows the finest particles to escape quickly from the bed and not to be degraded or overshooted.
Par ailleurs, le charbon préchauffé peut être destiné à être enfourné à la vapeur dans les fours à coke: si la granulométrie du charbon est trop grossière, il est nécessaire d'utiliser une plus grande quantité de vapeur pour le transport du charbon dans les fours et des surpressions se produisent dans ceux-ci; en revanche, si la granulométrie est trop fine, les quantités de charbon entraînées dans la colonne montante de récupération des gaz sont trop importantes et constituent une perte de production notable, de même que celles entraînées dans une conduite de décompression permettant d'éliminer une partie de la vapeur de transport du charbon avant son entrée dans les fours. Ces considérations montrent tout l'intérêt que présente la réalisation d'une granulométrie optimale très serrée.In addition, the preheated coal can be intended to be put into steam in coke ovens: if the particle size of the coal is too coarse, it is necessary to use a larger quantity of steam for the transport of coal in the ovens and overpressures occur therein; on the other hand, if the particle size is too fine, the quantities of carbon entrained in the riser gas recovery are too large and constitute a significant loss of production, as well as those entrained in a decompression line making it possible to eliminate part coal transport steam before it enters the furnaces. These considerations show the advantage of achieving a very tight optimum particle size.
Sur les installations de taille réduite, le broyeur mis en rotation dans la couche fluidisée permet de réaliser la granulométrie convenable pour l'enfournement à partir du charbon brut de granulométrie convenable pour éviter, lors du séchage, la dégradation des grains fins. En effet, le broyage se fait par percussion des barreaux ou des marteaux du broyeur sur les grains les plus grossiers, par percussion des grains entre eux, par percussion des grains sur les parois.On small installations, the grinder rotated in the fluidized layer makes it possible to achieve the particle size suitable for charging from raw coal of suitable particle size to avoid, during drying, the degradation of fine grains. Indeed, the grinding is done by percussion of the bars or hammers of the grinder on the coarsest grains, by percussion of the grains between them, by percussion of the grains on the walls.
Sur une installation de faible débit, donc de faible section, les effets de parois sont très importants et les contacts grains-parois sont beaucoup plus nombreux que sur une installation de grandes dimensions, où il se produit par ailleurs inévitablement des passages préférentiels dans lesquels les gaz atteignent des vitesses élevées et où les grains, même très grossiers, peuvent être entraînés sans rencontrer d'obstacles permettant leur broyage. De ce fait, la charbon préchauffé renfermera des grains insuffisamment broyés et préchaufés. On conçoit qu'il est impossible de conserver dans l'extrapolation d'un appareil, où le débit est proportionnel à la section, un rapport surface de paroi sur section constant.On a low flow installation, therefore of small cross section, the wall effects are very significant and the grain-wall contacts are much more numerous than on a large installation, where there are also inevitably preferential passages in which the gases reach high speeds and where the grains, even very coarse, can be entrained without encountering obstacles allowing their grinding. As a result, the preheated charcoal will contain grains that are insufficiently ground and preheated. We understand that it is impossible to keep in the extrapolation of a device, where the flow is proportional to the section, a constant wall surface to section ratio.
Pour ce faire, il faudrait essentiellement extrapoler la section en augmentant une seule des dimensions, l'installation serait alors de faible largeur, de très grande longueur, ce que poserait des problèmes de répartition homogène du charbon brut par les vis d'alimentation et de dimension du mobile de broyage qui devrait, de plus, tourner très rapidement pour lui conserver la constance de la vitesse périphérique. Il serait également loisible d'augmenter la hauteur de la zone d'élutriation, mais on aurait alors un poids d'installation beaucoup plus important.To do this, it would essentially be necessary to extrapolate the section by increasing only one of the dimensions, the installation would then be narrow, very long, which would pose problems of homogeneous distribution of the raw coal by the feed screws and dimension of the grinding mobile which should, moreover, turn very quickly to keep it constant in the peripheral speed. It would also be possible to increase the height of the elutriation zone, but we would then have a much greater installation weight.
De même, sur une installation de faible section le mobile de broyage peut occuper dans la zone d'élutriation u maximum d'espace. Par exemple, dans une installation pilote de 1 t/h, la projection verticale du mobile de broyage représente 80% de la section de la zone d'élutriation. Dans ces conditions, les grains de charbon entrant dans la zone d'élutriation ont une forte probabilité d'être interceptés par le mobile de broyage. Ce dernier, par ailleurs, est mis en rotation à une vitesse périphérique suffisante pour communiquer aux particules l'énergie nécessaire à l'éclatement des grains.Likewise, in a small section installation, the grinding mobile can occupy a maximum of space in the elutriation zone. For example, in a pilot installation of 1 t / h, the vertical projection of the grinding mobile represents 80% of the section of the elutriation zone. Under these conditions, the grains of coal entering the elutriation zone have a high probability of being intercepted by the grinding mobile. The latter, moreover, is rotated at a peripheral speed sufficient to communicate to the particles the energy necessary for the bursting of the grains.
Pour extrapoler, lorsque l'on choisit l'installation la plus compacte possible, la conservation du rapport diamètre-section conduirait à des mobiles de broyage de grand diamètre, donc très lourds, tournant à faible vitesse, difficilement réalisables. Il faut donc admettre que le rapport diamètre du mobile- section devient de plus en plus faible lorsque l'on extrapole et, de ce fait, la fonction de dispersion du broyeur devient de moins en moins efficace.To extrapolate, when the most compact installation is chosen, keeping the diameter-section ratio would lead to large-diameter grinding mobiles, therefore very heavy, rotating at low speed, difficult to achieve. It must therefore be admitted that the diameter ratio of the mobile-section becomes more and more weak when we extrapolate and, as a result, the dispersion function of the mill becomes less and less effective.
Finalement, on constate que, plus l'installation est de grande dimension, plus il est difficile d'obtenir une granulométrie resserrée. Si on réduit la vitesse périphérique du mobile, on augmente la proportion de gros et si on augmente cette vitesse périphérique, on augmente la proportion de fins, c'est-à-dire que, dans tous les can on a une décomposition granulométrique défavorable avec surbroyage ou sans broyage, ce qui contrant, parfois, à renoncer à la fonction de broyage dans le sécheur ou préchauffer.Finally, it can be seen that the larger the installation, the more difficult it is to obtain a tight particle size. If we reduce the peripheral speed of the mobile, we increase the proportion of coarse and if we increase this peripheral speed, we increase the proportion of ends, that is to say that in all can we have an unfavorable particle size decomposition with overgrinding or without grinding, which sometimes counteracts giving up the grinding function in the dryer or preheating.
On connaît pac le document FR-A-1 311 351 un appareil de broyage constitué par une enceinte de fluidisation verticale contenant un broyeur rotatif placé dans le lit fluidisé et, en aval de ce broyeur, des barreaux dont la présence réduit la section droite apparente de l'enceinte dans cette zone. Mais ces barreaux sont situés à proximité immédiate du rotor. De ce fait, on observe avec cet appareil les mêmes inconvénients que ceux mentionnés ci-dessus.Document FR-A-1 311 351 discloses a grinding device constituted by a vertical fluidization enclosure containing a rotary mill placed in the fluidized bed and, downstream of this mill, bars whose presence reduces the apparent cross section of the enclosure in this area. However, these bars are located in the immediate vicinity of the rotor. Therefore, we observe with this device the same drawbacks as those mentioned above.
Le but de l'invention est d'éviter les inconvénients précédents et de restituer aux appareils de grandes dimensions les avantages des appareils de petite dimension, c'est-à-dire d'y combiner complètement les effets de séchage et/ou chauffage et de broyage avec un produit granuleux de départ grossier et un produit traité de granulométrie plus fine et plus serrée.The object of the invention is to avoid the above drawbacks and to restore the advantages of small devices to large devices, that is to say to completely combine the effects of drying and / or heating and grinding with a coarse starting granular product and a treated product of finer and tighter particle size.
Ce but est atteint, selon l'invention, dans une installation pour le traitement par séchage et/ou chauffage et broyage d'un matériau granuleux comprenant:
- - une enceinte verticale de traitement par fluidisation à la base de laquelle débouche un conduit d'un agent gazeux de fluidisation et d'entraînement et munie d'un mobile tournant de broyage par impart à axe horizontal disposé dans la partie inférieure de l'enceinte, celle-ci ayant une section droite sensiblement constante sur une hauteur d'au moins environ 2,5 fois le diamètre du mobile tournant,
- - des moyens d'introduction à la base de ladite enceinte et/ou dans ledit conduit du matériau granuleux à traiter,
- - une conduite d'entraînement pneumatique de matériau traité par l'agent gazeux se raccordant à la partie supérieure de l'enceinte de traitement par fluidisation,
- - une zone intermédiaire à section transversale apparente réduite inférieure à celle des autres zones de l'enceinte mais supérieure à celle de la conduite d'entraînement,
caractérisée en ce que cette zone intermédiaire à section transversale apparente réduite est située dans la moitié supérieure de l'enceinte verticale, environ aux deux tiers de la hauteur de cette enceinte verticale.This object is achieved, according to the invention, in an installation for the treatment by drying and / or heating and grinding of a granular material comprising:
- - a vertical fluidization treatment enclosure at the base of which opens a conduit for a gaseous fluidization and drive agent and provided with a rotating rotary milling mill with horizontal axis disposed in the lower part of the enclosure , the latter having a substantially constant cross section over a height of at least about 2.5 times the diameter of the rotary mobile,
- means of introduction at the base of said enclosure and / or into said conduit of the granular material to be treated,
- a pneumatic drive pipe for material treated with the gaseous agent connecting to the upper part of the fluidization treatment enclosure,
- - an intermediate zone with a reduced apparent cross section less than that of the other zones of the enclosure but greater than that of the drive pipe,
characterized in that this intermediate zone with a reduced apparent cross-section is located in the upper half of the vertical enclosure, approximately two thirds of the height of this vertical enclosure.
De cette façon on augmente les chocs des grains trop gros, on régularise les flux gazeux et on évite, dans le lit fluidisé, la constitution de passages préférentiels par lesquels sont entraînés les grains les plus grossiers.In this way, the shocks of excessively large grains are increased, the gas flows are regulated and the formation of preferential passages through which the coarsest grains are entrained is avoided in the fluidized bed.
Selon l'invention, la ou les zones intermédiaires sont localisées dans la moitié supérieure de l'enceinte verticale, de préférence, au voisinage des deux-tiers de la hauteur de l'enceinte verticale.According to the invention, the intermediate zone or zones are located in the upper half of the vertical enclosure, preferably in the vicinity of two-thirds of the height of the vertical enclosure.
Il est avantageux et économique qu'une zone intermédiaire soit constituée par des barreaux transversaux disposés sur au moins un niveau horizontal, par exemple sur deux niveaux en disposition parallèles alternés ou croisés.It is advantageous and economical for an intermediate zone to be constituted by transverse bars arranged on at least one horizontal level, for example on two levels in alternating or crossed parallel arrangement.
De cette façon, on augmente la probabilité d'impact des grains trop grossiers, qui retombent alors dans le lit fluidisé soumis à l'action du mobile pour y être rebroyés, alors que, par l'augmentation locale de la vitesse des fumés d'entraînement, les particules ayant atteint la taille désirée sont entraînées par les filets gazeux déviés par les barreaux.In this way, the probability of impact of the coarse grains is increased, which then fall back into the fluidized bed subjected to the action of the mobile to be reground there, whereas, by the local increase in the speed of the smoke from entrainment, the particles having reached the desired size are entrained by the gaseous nets deflected by the bars.
Selon une variante, la zone intermédiaire est constitutée par une grille et, selon une autre variante, par un diaphragme.According to one variant, the intermediate zone is constituted by a grid and, according to another variant, by a diaphragm.
Il est avantageux que la réduction de section transversale efficace soit de l'ordre de 25 à 60% de la section transversale libre de l'enceinte.It is advantageous that the reduction in effective cross section is of the order of 25 to 60% of the free cross section of the enclosure.
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention ressortiront de la description, qui sera donnée ci-après uniquement à titre d'exemples, de modes de réalisation de l'invention. On se reportera à cet effet aux dessins annexés, dans lesquels:
- -les figures 1 et 2 sont deux vues en coupe verticale orthogonale l'une à l'autre d'une installation selon l'invention,
- - les figures 3 et 4 sont deux vues analogues aux figures 1 et 2 de l'enceinte d'une variante de l'invention,
- -les figures 5 et 6 sont encore deux vues analogues aux précédentes d'une autre variante de l'enceinte de l'invention,
- - les figures 7 et 8 sont deux vues d'une quatrième variante de l'enceinte, et
- - la figure 9 est une vue un plan de la grille en place dans l'installation des figures 7 et 8,
- -la figure 10 est une représentation graphique des courbes de décomposition granulométrique de charbons traités dans des installations connues et dans celle de l'invention.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 are two views in vertical section orthogonal to one another of an installation according to the invention,
- FIGS. 3 and 4 are two views similar to FIGS. 1 and 2 of the enclosure of a variant of the invention,
- FIGS. 5 and 6 are still two views similar to the previous ones of another variant of the enclosure of the invention,
- FIGS. 7 and 8 are two views of a fourth variant of the enclosure, and
- FIG. 9 is a plan view of the grid in place in the installation of FIGS. 7 and 8,
- FIG. 10 is a graphical representation of the particle size decomposition curves of coals treated in known installations and in that of the invention.
Dans les installations représentées, il y a une enceinte verticale 1 de section rectangulaire, à la base de laquelle débouche un conduit ascendant 2 pour un agent gazeux de fluidisation et d'entraînement consistant en fumées chaudes produits par une chambre de combustion 3 qui débite, dans la conduite 2 à travers un venturi 4. Dans l'enceinte 1, et dans la partie inférieure de celle-ci, est disposé un mobile tournant 5 à marteaux d'axe 6 horizontal. La hauteur H de la partie de l'enceinte ayant une section rectangulaire sensiblement constante est de 2,5 à 3 fois le diamètre du mobile tournant 5. Dans la conduite 2 débouche, au-dessus du venturi 4, un alimentateur 7 à vis pour du charbon provenant d'une trémie 8. A la partie supérieure de l'enceinte, et dans le prolongement de celle-ci (figures 1 à 6) ou latéralement à celle-ci (figures 7 et 8), est raccordée une conduite 9 d'entraînement pneumatique du matériau traité par l'agent gazeux. Tout ce qui vient d'être décrit en regard des figures est connu en sei.In the installations shown, there is a vertical enclosure 1 of rectangular section, at the base of which an ascending
Environ aux deux-tiers de la hauteur H, on a disposé des barreaux 10 arrangés parallèlement sur deux rangées 11 disposées alternées couvrant à elles deux environ 50% de la section libre de l'enceinte.About two-thirds of the height H, bars 10 are arranged arranged in parallel on two
Aux figures 3 et 4 la même densité de barreaux est disposée en deux rangées 12 et 13 mutuellement croisées.In FIGS. 3 and 4, the same density of bars is arranged in two mutually crossed
Aux figures 5 et 6 la section est rétrécie par un diaphragme 14 porté par les parois et réduisant la section efficace à environ 50% de la section libre de l'enceinte. Ce diaphragme 14 est surmonté par un plan incliné 15 pour réduire l'accumulation de poussière.In FIGS. 5 and 6 the section is narrowed by a
Aux figures 7 et 8 les barreaux et le diaphragme sont remplacés par une grille 16 représentée à la figure 9.In FIGS. 7 and 8, the bars and the diaphragm are replaced by a
De tous ces modes de réalisation, le mode préféré est celui qui comporte des barreaux, en raison de la simplicité d'installation, d'échange et d'entretien.Of all these embodiments, the preferred mode is that which includes bars, because of the simplicity of installation, exchange and maintenance.
On a représenté à la figure 10 la décomposition granulométrique d'un charbon brut et des produits sortants de divers types d'installation à comparer. Sur la figure 10, on a représenté en abscisses l'ouverture de mailles de la passoire d'essai (ligne inférieure) et le module AFNOR correspondant (ligne supérieure) et en ordonnées le pourcentage de passant de chaque maille exprimé sur une échelle logarithmique.FIG. 10 shows the particle size breakdown of a raw coal and the products leaving various types of installation to be compared. In FIG. 10, the opening of the meshs of the test colander (lower line) and the corresponding AFNOR module (upper line) is shown on the abscissa and on the ordinate the percentage of the pass of each mesh expressed on a logarithmic scale.
Dans cette représentation, connue comme diagramme de Rosin-Rammler, plus la pente de la courbe de décomposition granulométrique est forte plus la granulométrie est serrée, et plus cette pente est faible, plus la granulométrie est large. C'est le premier résultat qui est désirable lorsqu'on traite du charbon pour son enfournement préchauffé, notamment pour son enfournement à la vapeur.In this representation, known as a Rosin-Rammler diagram, the steeper the slope of the particle size decomposition curve, the narrower the particle size distribution, and the smaller the slope, the wider the particle size distribution. This is the first result which is desirable when treating coal for its preheated charging, in particular for its charging with steam.
La courbe A est celle d'un charbon brut à environ 50%<3,15 mm.Curve A is that of rough coal at about 50% <3.15 mm.
La courbe B est cell du même charbon après traitement dans une installation de type connu dont l'enceinte a une section droite entièrement libre de 0,1 m2 (0,56x0,18 m) sur une hauteur de 2 m avec un mobile de 0,51 m de diamètre ayant une vitesse périphérique de 17 à 20 m/s en présence de fumées ayant, dans l'enceinte, la vitesse de 4 à 4,5 m/s. On obtient, comme il est connu, une courbe B favorable avec environ 95%<3,15 mm et seulement 14%<0,2 mm (à comparer aux 11% du charbon de départ). C'est dire qu'il n'y a pas eu du surbroyage.Curve B is cell of the same coal after treatment in a known type installation whose enclosure has a completely free cross section of 0.1 m 2 (0.56 x 0.18 m) over a height of 2 m with a mobile of 0.51 m in diameter with a peripheral speed of 17 to 20 m / s in the presence of smoke having, in the enclosure, the speed of 4 to 4.5 m / s. As is known, a favorable curve B is obtained with approximately 95% <3.15 mm and only 14% <0.2 mm (to be compared with 11% of the starting carbon). This means that there was no overgrinding.
La courbe C est celle du même charbon après traitement dans une installation également de type connu, mais extrapolée de la précédente, dont l'enceinte a une section droite entièrement libre de 7,2 m2 (3x2,4 m) sur un hauteur de 4 m avec un mobile de 1,7 m de diamètre ayant une vitesse périphérique de 17 à 20 m/s en présence de fumées ayant, dans l'enceinte, la vitesse de 4 à 4,5 m/s. On obtient, cette fois 98% de 3,15 mm, mais avec plus de 40% de <0,2 mm, ce qui n'est pas admissible. Une parade est, dans ce cas, d'augmenter la vitesse des gaz jusqu'à 5 à 6 m/s, ce qui conduit à la courbe D, qui ramène aux environs de 95%<3,15 mm mais encore 35% de <0,2 mm, c'est-à-dire avec trop de surbroyés.Curve C is that of the same coal after treatment in an installation also of known type, but extrapolated from the previous one, whose enclosure has a completely free cross section of 7.2 m 2 (3x2.4 m) over a height of 4 m with a 1.7 m diameter mobile having a peripheral speed of 17 to 20 m / s in the presence of smoke having, in the enclosure, the speed of 4 to 4.5 m / s. This time, 98% of 3.15 mm is obtained, but with more than 40% of <0.2 mm, which is not admissible. A solution is, in this case, to increase the speed of the gases up to 5 to 6 m / s, which leads to the curve D, which brings back to around 95% <3.15 mm but still 35% <0.2 mm, i.e. with too much shredded material.
Mais, si on modifie l'enceinte selon l'invention, par exemple avec deux rangées de barreaux montés comme décrit, on arrive à la courbe E, sans augmenter la vitesse des gaz conservée à 4 à 4,5 m/s. On arrive alors à 95%<3,15 mm et seulement 20% de <0,2 mm au lieu de 40% de la courbe C, la seule différence entre les courbes C et E étant l'absence ou la présence des zones intermédiaires de section transversale apparente plus faible que celle des autres zones de l'enceinte.However, if the enclosure according to the invention is modified, for example with two rows of bars mounted as described, one arrives at curve E, without increasing the speed of the gases kept at 4 to 4.5 m / s. We then arrive at 95% <3.15 mm and only 20% of <0.2 mm instead of 40% of curve C, the only difference between curves C and E being the absence or presence of the intermediate zones of apparent cross section smaller than that of the other zones of the enclosure.
Ainsi on se rapproche du broyage "méthodique" idéal.Thus we approach the ideal "methodical" grinding.
Claims (8)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8009391 | 1980-04-25 | ||
| FR8009391A FR2481147A1 (en) | 1980-04-25 | 1980-04-25 | INSTALLATION FOR THE TREATMENT BY DRYING AND / OR HEATING AND GRINDING OF A GRANULAR MATERIAL |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0039270A2 EP0039270A2 (en) | 1981-11-04 |
| EP0039270A3 EP0039270A3 (en) | 1981-12-16 |
| EP0039270B1 true EP0039270B1 (en) | 1985-07-31 |
Family
ID=9241375
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP81400594A Expired EP0039270B1 (en) | 1980-04-25 | 1981-04-14 | Arrangement for a drying and/or heating treatment and grinding of granular material |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0039270B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS56166950A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU540961B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR8102316A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1167011A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3171551D1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2481147A1 (en) |
| MX (1) | MX152882A (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA812473B (en) |
Families Citing this family (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2532734B1 (en) * | 1982-09-02 | 1987-06-26 | Stein Industrie | DEVICE FOR DRYING A MATERIAL IN WET AND FRIABLE BLOCKS IN HEAT EXCHANGE WITH HOT GAS |
| TR24518A (en) * | 1983-01-04 | 1991-11-12 | Stein Industrie | A MATERIAL IN HUMIDITY AND EASY FLASHABLE BLOCKS WITH A HOT GAS |
| GB9317849D0 (en) * | 1993-08-27 | 1993-10-13 | Bpb Industries Plc | Improvements in calcination |
| FR2924435B1 (en) | 2007-11-30 | 2010-12-31 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR TORREFACTING AND MILLING FLUIDIZED BED OF A BIOMASS LOAD FOR GASIFICATION OR SUBSEQUENT COMBUSTION |
| CN101825390B (en) * | 2010-04-27 | 2011-11-09 | 莱芜钢铁集团有限公司 | Double-layered vibrating fluidized-bed drying-classification apparatus |
| US9663738B2 (en) | 2012-12-26 | 2017-05-30 | Sk Innovation Co., Ltd. | Pneumatic conveying dryer for carbon fuel |
| CN104097868A (en) * | 2014-07-09 | 2014-10-15 | 莱芜钢铁集团有限公司 | Vibrated fluidized bed |
| CN109269260B (en) * | 2018-10-10 | 2020-12-15 | 连云港市农业科学院 | Rice drying equipment with winnowing and dust removal functions |
| CN112844639A (en) * | 2021-01-27 | 2021-05-28 | 温州市靖浩贸易有限公司 | Automatic proper amount material loading and avoid overloaded hydraulic crusher |
| CN115183564B (en) * | 2021-04-02 | 2023-12-29 | 中冶长天国际工程有限责任公司 | Block ore pretreatment system and method based on distribution plate |
| CN113883851B (en) * | 2021-08-31 | 2022-09-13 | 内蒙古万众炜业科技环保股份公司 | Drying device for energy-saving production of semi coke and process thereof |
| CN115654877A (en) * | 2022-10-25 | 2023-01-31 | 上海樱沐机电工程有限公司 | Drying device for boehmite processing |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR1311351A (en) * | 1961-10-25 | 1962-12-07 | Charbonnages De France | Method and apparatus for crushing and optionally drying granular non-clumping materials |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE688005C (en) * | 1935-08-20 | 1940-02-10 | Rheinmetall Borsig Akt Ges | Mill firing, in which the mill shaft runs perpendicular to the combustion chamber wall |
| US3794251A (en) * | 1972-05-08 | 1974-02-26 | Williams Patent Crusher & Pulv | Material reducing system and apparatus |
| FR2305234A1 (en) * | 1975-03-24 | 1976-10-22 | Charbonnages De France | COMBINED PROCESSING PLANT FOR CRUSHING, SORTING AND DRYING OF GRANULAR MATERIALS |
| US3992266A (en) * | 1975-07-24 | 1976-11-16 | Inland Steel Company | Recovery of coal fines from preheater |
-
1980
- 1980-04-25 FR FR8009391A patent/FR2481147A1/en active Granted
-
1981
- 1981-04-14 ZA ZA00812473A patent/ZA812473B/en unknown
- 1981-04-14 DE DE8181400594T patent/DE3171551D1/en not_active Expired
- 1981-04-14 BR BR8102316A patent/BR8102316A/en unknown
- 1981-04-14 EP EP81400594A patent/EP0039270B1/en not_active Expired
- 1981-04-16 CA CA000375689A patent/CA1167011A/en not_active Expired
- 1981-04-21 JP JP5935681A patent/JPS56166950A/en active Pending
- 1981-04-24 AU AU69802/81A patent/AU540961B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1981-04-24 MX MX187020A patent/MX152882A/en unknown
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR1311351A (en) * | 1961-10-25 | 1962-12-07 | Charbonnages De France | Method and apparatus for crushing and optionally drying granular non-clumping materials |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| MX152882A (en) | 1986-06-26 |
| JPS56166950A (en) | 1981-12-22 |
| EP0039270A2 (en) | 1981-11-04 |
| FR2481147A1 (en) | 1981-10-30 |
| DE3171551D1 (en) | 1985-09-05 |
| AU540961B2 (en) | 1984-12-13 |
| ZA812473B (en) | 1982-04-28 |
| BR8102316A (en) | 1981-12-08 |
| FR2481147B1 (en) | 1982-03-26 |
| AU6980281A (en) | 1981-10-29 |
| CA1167011A (en) | 1984-05-08 |
| EP0039270A3 (en) | 1981-12-16 |
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