EP2795704A2 - Modifizierte planarzelle und stapel von elektrochemischen einrichtungen auf ihrer basis sowie verfahren zur herstellung der planarzelle und des stapels und eine form für die fertigung der planarzelle - Google Patents
Modifizierte planarzelle und stapel von elektrochemischen einrichtungen auf ihrer basis sowie verfahren zur herstellung der planarzelle und des stapels und eine form für die fertigung der planarzelleInfo
- Publication number
- EP2795704A2 EP2795704A2 EP12822989.5A EP12822989A EP2795704A2 EP 2795704 A2 EP2795704 A2 EP 2795704A2 EP 12822989 A EP12822989 A EP 12822989A EP 2795704 A2 EP2795704 A2 EP 2795704A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- cell
- holes
- plate
- channels
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 17
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 168
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 96
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 241000826860 Trapezium Species 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
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- 206010021143 Hypoxia Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000001146 hypoxic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- FVROQKXVYSIMQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Sr+2].[La+3].[O-][Mn]([O-])=O Chemical compound [Sr+2].[La+3].[O-][Mn]([O-])=O FVROQKXVYSIMQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 16
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- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- MZZUATUOLXMCEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt manganese Chemical compound [Mn].[Co] MZZUATUOLXMCEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- -1 e.g. Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012777 electrically insulating material Substances 0.000 claims 1
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- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 241001660693 Trapezia Species 0.000 abstract 3
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- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 224
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 23
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 10
- 229910001233 yttria-stabilized zirconia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002346 layers by function Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003115 supporting electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010344 co-firing Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- CGYGETOMCSJHJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloronaphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC(Cl)=CC=C21 CGYGETOMCSJHJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Abietic-Saeure Natural products C12CCC(C(C)C)=CC2=CCC2C1(C)CCCC2(C)C(O)=O RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyraldehyde Chemical compound CCCC=O ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical group [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017976 MgO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N Rosin Natural products O(C/C=C/c1ccccc1)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZIDHQHJCDVNOFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Mn](=O)([O-])[O-].[Sr+2].[Mn+2].[Mn](=O)([O-])[O-] Chemical group [Mn](=O)([O-])[O-].[Sr+2].[Mn+2].[Mn](=O)([O-])[O-] ZIDHQHJCDVNOFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZJIYREZBRPWMMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Sr+2].[La+3].[O-][Cr]([O-])=O Chemical compound [Sr+2].[La+3].[O-][Cr]([O-])=O ZJIYREZBRPWMMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 210000002421 cell wall Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000003985 ceramic capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin-22,24-diide Chemical compound [Cu+2].C1=CC(C(=C2C=CC([N-]2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC(N=2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C2=CC=C3[N-]2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=NC1=C3C1=CC=CC=C1 RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- SHFGJEQAOUMGJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum dipotassium disodium dioxosilane iron(3+) oxocalcium oxomagnesium oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[Na+].[Na+].[Al+3].[Al+3].[K+].[K+].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].O=[Mg].O=[Ca].O=[Si]=O SHFGJEQAOUMGJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005058 metal casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002119 nickel–yttria stabilized zirconia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052574 oxide ceramic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011224 oxide ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoyttriooxy)yttrium Chemical compound O=[Y]O[Y]=O SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000059 patterning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011505 plaster Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002037 poly(vinyl butyral) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium atom Chemical compound [Sc] SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002076 stabilized zirconia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-cinnamyl beta-D-glucopyranoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000844 transformation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
- H01M8/1213—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the electrode/electrolyte combination or the supporting material
- H01M8/122—Corrugated, curved or wave-shaped MEA
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0247—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the form
- H01M8/0254—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the form corrugated or undulated
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
- H01M8/1213—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the electrode/electrolyte combination or the supporting material
- H01M8/1226—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the electrode/electrolyte combination or the supporting material characterised by the supporting layer
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
- H01M8/124—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the process of manufacturing or by the material of the electrolyte
- H01M8/1246—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the process of manufacturing or by the material of the electrolyte the electrolyte consisting of oxides
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/241—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes
- H01M8/2425—High-temperature cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/2432—Grouping of unit cells of planar configuration
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2457—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with both reactants being gaseous or vaporised
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
- H01M8/2484—Details of groupings of fuel cells characterised by external manifolds
- H01M8/2485—Arrangements for sealing external manifolds; Arrangements for mounting external manifolds around a stack
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
- H01M2008/1293—Fuel cells with solid oxide electrolytes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
- H01M2300/0068—Solid electrolytes inorganic
- H01M2300/0071—Oxides
- H01M2300/0074—Ion conductive at high temperature
- H01M2300/0077—Ion conductive at high temperature based on zirconium oxide
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/8605—Porous electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
- H01M8/124—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the process of manufacturing or by the material of the electrolyte
- H01M8/1246—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the process of manufacturing or by the material of the electrolyte the electrolyte consisting of oxides
- H01M8/1253—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the process of manufacturing or by the material of the electrolyte the electrolyte consisting of oxides the electrolyte containing zirconium oxide
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- Modified planar cell and stacks of electrochemical devices on its base as well as methods for producing the planar cell and the stack and a mold for the production of the planar cell
- the present invention relates to electrochemical high temperature equipment (REAL) with a solid electrolyte, such.
- RTL electrochemical high temperature equipment
- fuel cells electrochemical energy generator
- electrolytic cells electrolytic cells
- conversion reactors conversion reactors
- pumps and similar devices As an electrochemical energy generator (fuel cells), electrolytic cells, conversion reactors, pumps and similar devices.
- the invention relates to the construction of the planar cells for such devices, the execution of the stacks of any REAL with gas collectors for at least one of the reagents, for. As fuel, and a method for producing the planar cell and the stack with such a structure.
- Compound REXs are known in the art: they are solid oxide fuel cells for directly converting the chemical energy of the fuel into electrical energy. Such electrochemical conversion has a higher electrical efficiency (efficiency) than conventional power generation, e.g. B. in thermal power plants. In addition, electrochemical conversion is more environmentally friendly as it reduces greenhouse gas emissions.
- the only solid oxide fuel cell consists of three indispensable main parts: a solid electrolyte, an anode and a cathode as well as a so-called interconnect element.
- the solid electrolyte is usually formed on the basis of oxygen-ion-conducting zirconium dioxide.
- the anode and the cathode are electronically conductive.
- the interconnect element usually consists of flat plates for connecting the cells to a stack.
- the conventional fuel in the solid oxide fuel cells is a synthesis gas. It is generated from any fossil or synthesized hydrocarbons, biogas and waste from life activities. It consists mainly of hydrogen and carbon monoxide.
- synthesis gas as fuel at the anode and oxidant in the form of oxygen from the air of the atmosphere at the cathode, the following reactions take place:
- zirconia ceramic is used as the solid electrolyte.
- the zirconium dioxide is stabilized by yttrium oxide (YSZ).
- the anode used is nickel-kermet Ni-YSZ, and the cathode is strontium-manganese-manganite (LSM).
- the voltage of a single cell is about one volt.
- the cells are connected in series to a stack. sammenge Stahlge.
- normally electronically conductive current paths are used: ceramic current paths, eg. B. strontium lanthanum chromite, or metal current paths, z. B. from high chromium steels such as Crofer 22 APU used.
- the solid oxide fuel cells may have different geometries.
- a corrugated flow path and in the second case, a flow path in the form of a flat plate is used.
- assemblies for the supply and distribution of the supplied reagents and for the discharge of the Reaction products (gas supply lines) and power feeds are provided. Without these ingredients, the function of the cells, the stack and the GENUINE is not possible. It is also not possible to estimate the specific technical characteristics such as kW / 1, kW / kg. However, these characteristics are required for the comparison of the designs and the definition of their fields of application.
- a method for producing a tubular electrolyte body is known from DE 10 2010 001 988 A1, is injected in the electrolyte mass in the cavity between a casting core and a mold.
- the method is intended for the formation of the tubular solid oxide fuel cells and more precisely half cells, ie a thin-layer cell and possibly current collector - interconnect elements on the thicker supporting solid electrolyte.
- the electrolyte mass (10 a) fills the cavity (12) of the metal mold, wherein the cavity by an iron core (13) and a divisible injection molding tool (1 1 a, 1 1 b) is formed along the cell to be formed, the Electrolyte thickness are not less than 100 pm.
- a fuel cell which has a multilayer structure of a half-cell, which consists of a solid electrolyte layer with preferred thickness of 15 to 25 pm and a supporting electrode, eg Ni / YSZ anode with preferred thickness below 500 pm and best 300 pm without being manufactured separately.
- This interlayer is required to avoid the martensitic phase transformations of the ZrO2-based tetragonal solid electrolyte with Y2O3 content of less than 5% (mol) into a monoclinic structure during the patterning process with heating and cooling up to 1400 ° C, because such conversions Changes are accompanied by spatial changes and destruction.
- the fine layers (films) are produced by the tape casting method, and the intermediate layer (based on Mn oxide) is formed by the air atomization method or another economically efficient controllable method. Neither injecting into a mold nor subsequently deforming the supporting structure is disclosed. Furthermore, no concrete process steps and procedural operating modes are specified. These structures can only be considered under the microscope, and their influence on the electrochemical properties of the solid oxide fuel cells can only be assumed, provided, above all, that these structures are reproducible in the production of fuel cells.
- WO 2009/014775 A2 discloses a fuel cell with a metallic carrier layer which is produced by film casting, injection molding or the like from a mixture of a metal powder, a binder, and a pore-forming agent. After evaporation of the pore-forming agent, the metal powder is sintered to produce a solid layer.
- This patent protects the structure of the multilayer composition (claims 1 to 27) containing numerous constituents and materials used in solid oxide fuel cells. The patent also protects the methods for forming these structures (claims 28 to 61). This structure can only be observed under the microscope. Hot spraying of a slip into a mold is not disclosed.
- a thin ceramic layer on d ⁇ (YSZ) or scandium (ScSZ) stabilized zirconia based solid oxide based on ceria or on the base is most commonly used.
- the main advantage of a planar construction versus design is a high packing density of the cells in the area-to-perimeter ratio (S / V - (cm 2 / cm 3 ) or 1 / cm).
- a d electrochemical cell (cathode, solid electrolyte, anode) provides cell strength.
- the cells may be formed with similar supporting electrolyte if the mechanical electrolyte is predetermined and its strength exceeds one (required thickness)
- the solid electrolyte has (mostly nickel-kermet-Ni + YSZ) or a cathode (a manganite - LSM), whose strength is correspondingly greater.
- the best known methods of forming flat and tubular cells include slip casting (from aqueous suspension of the powder material) in plaster molds, thin film casting from butyral-based slurries (prior art tape casting), and hot spraying the cells from paraffin-based slurry (hot paraffin suspension of the powder material) in a cold steel mold (prototype).
- slip casting from aqueous suspension of the powder material
- butyral-based slurries prior art tape casting
- hot spraying the cells from paraffin-based slurry hot paraffin suspension of the powder material
- a cold steel mold prototype
- the ceramic compact of the cell construction of powder for. B. YSZ, produced by the method of ceramic injection molding (CIM) in a metal mold and then baked to a dense state (http://www.solidcell.com).
- the deficiencies of the prior art and the prototype of the planar designs include a complicated gas-tight connection of the gas collectors at the entrance and exit of the reagents in the cell and in the stack and a sufficiently long seam of the gas-tight connection of the cells in relation to the working surface (US - cm / cm 2 or 1 / cm). Since such embodiments require a gas-tight connection of dissimilar materials, not only the production of such cells is difficult, but also reduces the reliability of the REAL total and shorten the life.
- the shortcomings of the method are that it is not possible to produce cells with a minimum reproducible internal resistance (reproducible thickness of the cell wall and with a wall thickness of less than 0.4-0.5 mm).
- the prototype of the process makes it possible, based on the known systems used in the electronics industry, to produce products with walls thinner than 0.1-0.2 mm (cast ceramic capacitors).
- their geometry and dimensions of a few mm do not meet the requirements of high-temperature electrochemical cells having a minimum working area of 75-100 cm 2 .
- a modified planar design of the cell and stack of gas collectors is intended to combine the major advantages of the planar and tubular designs, and to have a higher packing density over the planar design, as well as a bulky gas tight distribution of the anode and cathode gas spaces, as in a tubular design.
- the present invention comprises a modified planar cell having (at least) a solid electrolyte, (at least) an anode, and (at least) a cathode, the solid electrolyte, the anode and the cathode forming a wave-like plate.
- This wave-like plate consists of corrugations forming channels in the shape of isosceles trapeziums of the same height or without a larger lower base for one reagent and channels in the form of inverted isosceles trapezoids without the larger upper base for another reagent.
- top, bottom, vertical etc. are used in the present application, these are only used to explain the respective object with reference to a special spatial arrangement, as shown for example in the figures.
- the plane of the above-mentioned plate is usually aligned horizontally.
- a particular spatial arrangement of the objects according to the invention in general should not be predetermined or excluded.
- Information such as “vertical” generally refers to the plane defined by the above-mentioned plate.
- the angle of the legs of the trapezoids of the channels with respect to the respective base can typically be in the range of about 0.1 ° to about 89.9 ° in the planar cells according to the invention.
- the angle may be more than about 0.5 °, more than about 1, 0 °, more than about 2.0 ° or more than about 5.0 °.
- edges of the wave-like plate are preferably rounded in order to avoid sharp bending angles with corresponding loads on the material.
- the solid electrolyte may in particular be or contain a solid oxide.
- the modified planar cell furthermore preferably has a current path in order to join together parts of the planar cell in an electrically conductive manner. This may in particular be a metal or oxide current path.
- the modified planar cell furthermore preferably has a stream-gas feed, via which required reaction gases can be supplied or reaction products can be removed and via which the generated stream can be taken off.
- the power gas supply is preferably electronically conductive.
- the wave-like plate of the planar cell is generally designed to be load-bearing.
- the carrying capacity can be achieved by several components (solid electrolyte, anode, cathode, and / or current path) together. Preferably, at least one of these components is self-supporting (ie provided with a sufficiently high layer thickness). tet), while the other components are then preferably not self-supporting.
- the channels of the wave-like plate are preferably closed by side walls and / or by cover surfaces or bottom surfaces.
- holes may be present in the side walls, the cover surfaces, the bottom surfaces and / or in the bases of the trapezoids of the channels, which holes are provided with corresponding holes in gas collectors or other modified solar cells (in a stack of Planar cells) communicate.
- the side walls, cover surfaces and / or bottom surfaces are preferably parts of other components such as gas collectors or current paths.
- channels of the modified planar cell can also be open at the larger base of the trapezoid upwards or downwards in order to be able to come into direct contact with a reaction gas (for example air) (compare FIGS. 10, 11).
- a reaction gas for example air
- an inlet gas collector or an outlet gas collector may be provided.
- the outlet gas collector is rotated through 180 ° to the axis of the inlet gas collector. That is, the exhaust gas collector receives gases from one end of the channels opposite the end at which the inlet gas collector feeds fuel gas into the channels.
- the inlet gas collector and the outlet gas collector may preferably be of identical construction.
- the channels formed in the wave-like plate of the planar cell generally have to be closed towards their upper or lower side. This can be done for example by the flat surface of a gas collector, which is arranged on the channels or under the channels. Furthermore, such a flat Surface of the gas collector preferably be connected to the electrodes of the plate to simultaneously act as a current collector and current clamp of the planar cell.
- the anode and / or the cathode of the modified planar cell are gas diffused.
- the anode and the cathode of the modified planar cell are typically disposed on different sides or surfaces of the wave-like plate, sandwiching therebetween the solid electrolyte and together forming an electrochemical cell.
- the wave-like plate of the modified planar cell may have exactly one anode and / or exactly one cathode.
- the planar cell multiple pairs of unlike electrodes (i.e., anode and cathode) are provided, with a pair each disposed along at least one channel of the wave-like plate (anode and cathode on different surfaces of the channel wall).
- the electrodes are arranged somewhat offset on the different sides of the solid electrolyte, so that they can be connected through an interconnect (FIG. 7, item 22) through the solid electrolyte.
- the connection is preferably carried out via a current path (interconnect), which connects selectively or on a full width / length of an anode to the cathode of a subsequent cell.
- a current path interconnect
- modified planar cells can optionally be assembled into a stack. The assembly can take place in all directions, ie in particular in the transverse direction (increasing the number of channels, see Figure 10), in the longitudinal direction (with extension of the channels, see Figure 11), and / or in the height (perpendicular to Plane of the wave-like plate, see Figure 6). In these cases, appropriate care must be taken to adapt the gas collector and the current paths accordingly.
- the invention proposes a new structural design of the individual solid oxide cell and uses the main principle of a planar design of the solid oxide fuel cells, namely the order of the stack constituents anode, electrolyte, cathode and current path and represents a new modification of cell construction.
- the present embodiment is a modified planar solid oxide fuel cell.
- the mechanical and electrical properties of the cell are improved. This is because the rectangular structure of the gas channels is replaced with the stress concentrating at the corners and the thinning of the electrodes on the rectangular edge. This dilution leads to an increase in the internal resistance of the cell and the stack.
- the large number of walls of the solid electrolyte also causes an increase in the packing density and an improvement in the specific characteristics of the cell.
- the air duct cross-section must be more than two times larger. Likewise, the cross sections of the openings for the introduction of the reagents and the removal of the reaction products differ.
- the proposed design ensures a uniform distribution of the gas flows both between the cells and along the electrode surface of each cell.
- the inventors also propose a method of forming the pending design.
- the proposed construction consists of at least a three-layered film (anode - electrolyte - cathode) for a wave-like electrochemical section of the cell and for the front and rear walls connected thereto.
- the front and rear walls are made of an electrolyte film or construction material for flat perforated front and rear walls, whereby one or both reagents are insertable.
- the gas collector may be arranged either on the upper and lower sides of the cell (in the case of the connection of the cells in the stack along its vertical axis) or on its front and rear walls for one or both reagents.
- a design of the cell not only allows a synchronous supply of oxidant but also, in relation to the prototype, a synchronous supply of fuel into the stack. This improves the uniformity of the reagent supply and the uniformity of the interstitial pressure. This eliminates the need to limit the number of cells in the stack.
- the method chosen by the inventors for the formation of the thin-film cell with functional layer thicknesses also leads to a reduction in the internal resistance of the cell, to an increase in its packing density and to the improvement of the specific characteristics of the cell and its energy use effect.
- Another embodiment of the stack requires that the solid electrolyte has a multi-channel design of the cell.
- the unlike electrodes of the single cells are applied to each wall of the channels or to the channel group and connected in series with the current.
- Such a design of the stack construction also allows for an additional increase in the voltage generated by increasing the amount of cells (more than one) disposed on a channel wall.
- the inventors propose a method of forming the notified structure by hot-spraying into a steel mold. Higher speeds are used for slip casting. The mold used ensures the production of modified planar cells with movable trapezoidal plates in the casting area.
- Another embodiment of the method for forming the thin-film ECHTE with functional thicknesses of all components is tape casting.
- a modified planar cell is shown in Fig. 1 (first embodiment).
- the modified planar cell has a supporting solid electrolyte 1 and electrodes, a cathode 2 and an anode 3.
- the working part of the planar cell is in the form of a wave-like plate 4 with at least three layers.
- the three-layer plate 4 consists of odd-numbered Jl-shaped waves 5 of the same height.
- the shafts 5 are connected to each other in the lower part by means of flat connector 6.
- Each J1 -shaped shaft 5 represents an isosceles trapeze having no lower base in cross-section and is connected to the adjacent J-shaped shafts 5 by means of flat connectors 6. This results in If-shaped gas spaces in the form of inverted isosceles trapezoids without a larger base, which is open at the top in cross section.
- the system of uniform gas supply and for the decrease of the generated electricity eg.
- the active electrochemical part of the cell with an inlet and an outlet gas collector (outlet gas collector) 16 and, accordingly, connected to pipes 17 ren.
- the tubes 17 are used for supplying fuel and for discharging the reaction products.
- the tubes 17 are made of metal, they also serve as current collectors (terminals) of the planar cell.
- the tubes 17 are arranged in the box-shaped gas collectors 16 and have an opening for ensuring a uniform distribution of the reagent gas flows in the planar cell through holes 9.
- These tubes 17 are mechanically and electrically connected to a gas distribution plate with holes 20 and a gas collector box and provide Thus, an effective current tapping of the electric current generated by the stack on the outer part of the tube 17 safely.
- FIG. 2 shows cross-sections JI (IT) as ceramic sections of the wave-like plate 4 at the points of corner rounding between the trapezoidal legs and the smaller bases. The rounding off is necessary to eliminate the points of destructive mechanical notch effects and to ensure equal thicknesses of the applied electrodes at these points.
- FIG. 2 contains sections A (FIG. 1) of a JV-shaped channel of the electrochemical region of the planar cell in various configurations (claims 6 - 9). Show it:
- the supporting solid electrolyte b - the supporting cathode; c - the supporting anode; d - z.
- a similar embodiment is also possible with a supporting cathode current collector.
- the planar cell is exposed to mechanical stress because of the gap differential pressure. These are pressures in the anode and in the cathode compartment. The pressure difference is due to the different passing gas flows of the reagents.
- the widths of the gas channels h1 and h2 are made proportional to the gas flows of the reagents (Fig. 2A).
- the angle ⁇ between the leg and the smaller trapezium base may vary in the range of 0.1 to 89.9 ° . If the angle is less than 0.1 ° (casting slope), the production of this component is physically not possible (see Fig. 3 - prototype).
- the angle can increase up to 89.9 ° .
- the cell with Jl-shaped waves 5 turns into a flat plate 4 of the planar cell.
- the front and rear portions of the wave-plate type planar plate 4 are bounded by the flat side walls 7 of solid electrolyte or construction ceramic.
- Each of the side walls 7 has holes 8 leading into the spaces IT between the J-shaped waves 5 in the solid oxide fuel cells. They serve to supply air and to dissipate the hypoxic mixture.
- Each Jl-shaped shaft 5 has a hole 9 for fuel supply at the top. This hole 9 leads into the interior of the Jl-shaped shaft 5.
- the solid electrolyte 1 in contact with the surface of the modified planar cell is covered with a layer of the porous cathode 2. Uncoated remain only the area 10 on the side surfaces and the lower surface along the lower periphery of the planar cell and the zones 11 on the end faces of the Jl-shaped shaft 5, underneath around the above holes 9.
- the with the lower surface of the modified planar cell in Contact solid electrolyte 1 is with a layer of po- covered with a strip 12 on the lower part of the electrolyte along the lower inner circumference.
- the holes 8 in the front part of the planar cell serve for air supply.
- the holes 8 in the rear part of the planar cell serve to remove exhaust air.
- the exhaust air is a hypoxic mixture O2 + N2 (with a low oxygen content).
- Each air passage 13 is formed by the If-shaped space between the J-shaped shafts 5 and the flow path or the flat electric insulating plate restricting the cathode space.
- the current path is at the upper part of the plan cell.
- the holes 9 are used for fuel supply.
- Each fuel channel 14 is formed by the inner space of the JI-shaped shaft 5 and the flow path or the anode space limiting flat electrical insulating. The current path is at the lower part of the plan cell.
- the fifth embodiment (claim 10) of the planar cell is shown in FIG.
- the gas flow collector is in the form of a flat electron conductive plate 16. Their length and width correspond to those of the electrochemical planar cell with the gas supply tube 17.
- Within the plate 16 there is a common opening for fuel supply and holes 20.
- the common opening is located along one of the plate sides (front or rear).
- the holes 20 run out of the surface to connect to the active part of the planar cell and to secure the flow distribution across the entry holes 9 'of each JI-shaped channel of the solid oxide fuel cells.
- the holes 20 and 9 are connected to each other gas-tight and form with an electrochemical part 15 and the gas-tight, z. B. by means Glasabdichtmaterials 21, connected to the circumference outlet gas flow collector 16, the anode space of the planar cell.
- the fuel enters via the inlet gas flow collector 16, distributes itself uniformly over the holes 20 and enters the electrochemical section of the planar cell.
- the reaction products pass through the holes 20 of the lower gas flow collector.
- the tubes 17 serve to supply fuel into the common opening of the gas flow collector and the discharge of the reagents. They can emerge both on the side surfaces of the planar cell and on the front and rear surfaces.
- FIG. 5 The sixth embodiment of the planar cell is shown in FIG. 5.
- the upper gas flow collector 16 is made of an electron-conductive material, for. Made of high-chromium steel such as Crofer 22 APU. It is connected to the planar cell (cathode) and provides z. B. for the fuel supply.
- the lower gas flow collector 16 is similar to the upper, is connected to the anode of the cell and z. B. the discharge of fuel residues safely.
- the cells have Jl-shaped fuel channels with a smaller cross-section as the IT-shaped air channels of the solid oxide fuel cells. Their cross section is proportional to the gas flows.
- planar cells can be collected in the stack (the first embodiment) along the vertical axis. Each subsequent cell is rotated by 180 ° , Fig. 6 (the figure is shown as an example of the first embodiment of the planar cell).
- the stack consists of several cells 15 (as an example, only two cells are shown). It has inlet and outlet gas collectors 16 with tubes 17 each for the fuel supply and discharge of the reaction products.
- the tubes 17 also serve as a pantograph (terminals) of the stack.
- the tubes 17 within the box-shaped gas collector 16 have an opening for ensuring a uniform distribution of the reagent gas flows in the planar cell via the holes 9.
- These tubes 17 are mechanically and electrically connected to a Gasverteili- lungsplatte with holes 20 and a gas collector box 16. Thus, the effective current decrease of the electric current generated by the stack at the outer part of the tube 17 is ensured.
- the gas collector boxes 16 are connected to the planar cells.
- the cells are interconnected by means of a plate 18 of the current path.
- the current path is a flat plate 8 whose length and width are equal to the length and width of the planar cell itself.
- the plate 18 with a series of holes 19 is connected to the upper part of the planar cell in such a way that their holes 19 coincide with the corresponding holes 9 in the upper row of Jl-shaped waves 5 of the planar cell.
- the holes 20 for the fuel supply and for the discharge of the reaction products also coincide geometrically with the holes 9 of the planar cells.
- the gas-tight connection of the planar cells, the current paths and the gas collectors in the stack is thanks to an assembly with the help of compaction glass to the Surrounding the holes 9, 19, 20 at the junctions between the upper ceramic edge of the planar cell and the lower edge of the top plate 18 of the current path and between the upper ceramic edge of the upper planar cell and the inlet header 16 in the areas around the upper holes 9 reached.
- These connections establish a gas impermeable seal between the planar cell and the lower part of the plate 18 of the flow path or between the planar cell and the lower part of the inlet header 16.
- connection is also made using compression glass. These compounds can be gas-tight. Gas tight connections by means of compaction glass 21 are also made at the periphery of the lower edge of the first planar cell and the upper edge of the current path plate 8 in the periphery and between the lower edge of the second planar cell (or the end cell in the stack) and the exit collector 16.
- Such connections create a gas-impermeable seal between the first planar cell and the lower plate 18 of the flow path and between the second planar cell and the outlet header 16.
- the fuel enters the tube 17 - the collector of the inlet header 16 - and then flows through a series of Holes 20 on the lower side of the inlet header 16 and a series of holes 9 on the upper side of the planar cell in the anode channels of the planar cell.
- the flow moves along the channel and flows at the channel end through the series of holes 19 in the flow path plate 18 and through the series of holes 9 on the upper side of the second planar cell to the next planar cell.
- the coupled planar cells are rotated 180 ° along their vertical axis.
- the anode exhaust gas is from the last plan cell of the stack via the series of holes 20 on the upper side of the outlet header 16 and via the pipe 17 as a current collector of the outlet header 6 derived.
- the air flow enters the holes 8 on the front wall of the planar cell and exits via the same holes 8 on the opposite side of the planar cell.
- 6 shows the cross sections of the gas collectors and the current collectors 16.
- Each collector / collector consists of a tube - current collector 17 - and a rectangular housing whose length and width coincide with the length and width of the planar cell.
- the tube 17 is installed in a housing wall and thus ensures the gas flow to the opposite wall of the housing.
- the back wall of the housing has holes 20 corresponding to the row of holes on the upper side of the planar cell.
- the upper gas collector 6 serves to supply the fuel to the stack and the lower of the discharge of anode exhaust gas from the stack.
- the collector is made of a material that works well with the materials of the solid electrolyte and the current path.
- a stack (the second embodiment) is shown in FIG.
- the electrochemical ceramic part, the assemblies for fuel distribution, for the fuel and Oxydansmakers and for the discharge of the reagents are formed as in a single cell.
- the wave-like plate 4 of solid electrolyte does not have two electrodes - one electrode as the cathode at the top, a second electrode as the anode at the bottom - but a few pairs of electrodes.
- a ceramic blank may be an element of a solid oxide fuel cell consisting of five fl-shaped fuel channels and four ⁇ -shaped air channels.
- the ceramic blank may represent a stack of two cells if the anode of the left cell (2.5 ⁇ -shaped channels) with the cathode of the right cell (2.5 / I-shaped channels) with the 3rd Jl-shaped Fuel channel is electrically connected.
- the stack is formed with five cells when each JI-shaped fuel channel is a cell, and its logical connection of the anode of the preceding cell with the cathode of the subsequent cell down on each If-shaped air duct is executed.
- each channel wall is an electrochemical cell, a 10-cell stack is formed. The consequent connection of the cells occurs both at the bottom of each If-shaped air channel and at the top of each Jl-shaped fuel channel (see Fig. 7).
- each wall has two, three or more coupled cells, the stack will be formed from a corresponding set of planar cells. This makes it possible to increase the stack both in height and in width (number of channels) and in length, and to increase the performance by increasing the voltage and decreasing the current, without detriment to the electric efficiency. This reduces the resistance losses, the material expenditure and the weight values.
- the electrical connection of such stacks takes place either horizontally in the width (by increasing the number of channels) or as usual vertically, as is the case in the first embodiment and FIG. In this case, the material of the current path (interconnect element) against the Elektroisoliermaterial (construction material), z. B. from oxide ceramic on the basis of AI2O3 or Al 2 MgO 4 (alummagnesia) spinel replaced.
- the plate 18 electrically connecting the cells loses its function and serves as a partition plate which mechanically joins the block stacks together. It breaks up the gas flows and trains them.
- the gas flow collector loses the function of the current collector (electron conduction) and only fulfills the function of the gas collector. It is therefore made of an electrical insulation material.
- One of the acceptable methods for forming the bearing component of the modified planar cell is, in the inventors' opinion, a method of hot-spraying slurry, e.g. B. on the basis of paraffin, in a cold steel mold (CIP).
- CIP cold steel mold
- the Schlickerh constituent sprayen takes place at a temperature which ensures the flowability of the slip.
- the critical factor for the formation of the solid electrolyte layer with sufficient mechanical strength is the casting time when casting the required amount of slip: The slip must not "freeze” (harden).
- the casting process is carried out at maximum speed, which is ensured by a pressure and temperature increase of the cast slurry.
- an injection time of the required YSZ powder-containing set of slurry must be below 0.2 seconds, as the H exertschlickerströmung passes through narrow channels of the mold and together.
- the wave-like plate 4 of the planar cell is formed.
- the flows must not catch any air and generate turbulence, because at these points of the casting (the cell raw part) porosity and low density will arise. This is particularly important for the casting of the solid electrolyte, which must be dense in the cell construction and without open through porosity.
- the proportion of plasticizer in the slurry is normally reduced.
- the geometric dimensions are reduced (shrinking) at the same time.
- the required amount of slip into the mold within injected from 0.2 - 1, 0 sec.
- the slurry contains powder of the material of the supporting component.
- no conditions of laminarity of the cast streams are violated. Since the blanks have greater wall thickness and must remain porous after sintering, less stringent casting requirements are imposed. The process does not necessarily have to be carried out under pressure increase for less than 0.2 sec.
- modified planar cell construction (second embodiment) is the commercial tape casting process.
- the 40-100 ⁇ m thick solid electrolyte film (ScSZ, YSZ) cast from the thermoplastic slip (for example based on polyvinyl butyral) is coated on one side with a functional layer of a cathode and on the other side with a functional layer of a Anode coated.
- the coating is carried out by such a method as tape casting, screen printing, rolling or their combination.
- any coating method is suitable for the planar cells according to FIGS. 1, 4 and 5, any coating method is suitable.
- the unlike electrodes are applied offset.
- This offset represents an electrical series connection of the planar cells.
- the three-layer wave plate of the planar cell or the plate of the stack with electrodes (the electrode width is equal to the height of the JI-shaped channel of Fig. 7, for example) is formed in one device.
- the plate is made with the front and rear wall 7 (Fig. 1) the film of electrical insulating construction material under heating to 90 - 110 ° C and pressure of 0.2 - 0.4 GPa connected and formed the holes 8 and 9 for the Oxydans and the fuel. This is followed by the process of co-firing. Then, the stock is used for stacking assembly (connection of the gas collector and the electric circuit).
- a steel mold (see Fig. 8) is required, which ensures the construction of the blank (the casting) of the single cell.
- the mold consists of a steel housing 1 with devices which ensure the displacement of the movable mold-forming plates with respect to the immovable plates by means of the handles 2.
- the grips 3 with a threaded connection are provided for the disassembly of the mold and for the removal of the casting.
- FIG. 9 shows the shape cross section. He explains the design of the casting of the cell 4 with the execution of the modified planar.
- the movable plates 5 have a plane-parallel portion and a trapezoidal portion at an angle ⁇ , which is the casting taper in the formation of the J-shaped and the F-shaped gas spaces of the wave-like part of the cell. 4 (see in Fig. 1) ensures.
- the plane-parallel portion which moves to the stationary plates 6 moving plates 5, is required after casting during the casting removal.
- the immovable plates 7 ensure retention of the casting during removal of the movable plates 5 and plate 8 upon removal of the casting from the mold during its disassembly.
- the group of the present invention makes the production of modified planar cells with (optionally supporting) solid electrolyte, e.g. Based on zirconium dioxide (YSZ, ScSZ), with (optionally supporting) cathode, (optionally supporting) Anode, (optional carrying) current collector, which for the improvement of not only specific characteristics (W / cm 2 , cm / cm 2 , kW / 1, kW / kg), but also consumer characteristics of the electrochemical devices, namely Increase the safety and life extension, ensure.
- FIG. 10 shows two modified planar cells, which are assembled transversely to a stack.
- the planar cells may, for example, contain a plurality of pairs of anodes and cathodes analogous to FIG.
- each channel is laterally closed by side walls, each channel with a larger lower base being accessible through a hole 9 in the side wall.
- the underside of all channels is closed by the plate of a gas collector 16.
- the top of the channels with larger upper base can optionally remain open to allow direct air access to these channels.
- channels of gas collectors are connected to the side surfaces, wherein holes 20 of the gas collector communicate with the holes 9 of the side walls.
- the two modified planar cells are connected via contacts on the side walls 5.2 of the wave-like plate.
- the gas collector for the supply and discharge of the reagents are interconnected.
- FIG. 1 shows a modification of the stack of FIG.
- the described invention relates to a method of manufacturing a cell assembly and a stack of "Modified Planar Cells" ( Figures 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7) for high temperature electrochemical devices, i. H. from visible a few centimeters to a few meters in size, whose power is several watts to several megawatts, and the method of making this arrangement of macro-objects.
- the process for forming cells and stacks contains the enumeration of procedural processes and mentions specific procedural operating modes.
- the processes described represent optimized industrial processes.
- the processes make it possible to carry out new registered constructions not only with the supporting electrolyte, but also with the supporting anode, cathode and the current collector.
- the produced solid supporting electrolyte may be 100 pm thick and thinner.
- the power density up to 10.0 W / cm 3 can be achieved in the cell according to the invention, which is 25 times higher than in the prototype according to US 2009/0042076 A1.
- the invention proposes structural designs and methods for the production of promising, highly effective and highly stressed solid oxide fuel cells, of modified planar cells. Methods are disclosed for making such constructions using commercially applicable film casting and metal casting techniques.
- the electrochemical part of the cell is formed from one, two or more pairs of unlike electrodes, which are applied offset, so that the electrical series connection of the cells is ensured on the electrolyte film.
- the films are connected together and the electrodes of the neighboring cells are connected (series electrical connection of the cells to a stack).
- a wave-like plate is formed with channels which in cross section represent an isosceles trapezium without a larger lower base, and channels which are in the form of inverted isosceles height-like trapezoids without the larger upper base, and where the angle ⁇ at the smaller base is preferably 0.1 - 89.9 °.
- the wave-like plate is connected to two opposing walls - the front wall and the rear wall - these walls are arranged normal to the waves and thus equal in height, from the film of Elektroisolier- construction material under heating to 90-110 ° C and at the pressure of 0 , 2 - 0.4 GPa are made. Thereafter, holes are formed for the introduction and removal of the reagents, followed by co-firing at 900-1200 ° C.
- the present invention can be used for the production of not only electrochemical products in solid oxide fuel cells but also in other high temperature electrochemical devices (RECHES) with solid electrolyte such.
- RECHES high temperature electrochemical devices
- As high temperature electrolytic cells, conversion reactors, oxygen pumps and similar devices may be used.
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Abstract
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Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP12822989.5A EP2795704A2 (de) | 2011-12-22 | 2012-12-20 | Modifizierte planarzelle und stapel von elektrochemischen einrichtungen auf ihrer basis sowie verfahren zur herstellung der planarzelle und des stapels und eine form für die fertigung der planarzelle |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP11010138 | 2011-12-22 | ||
| EP12822989.5A EP2795704A2 (de) | 2011-12-22 | 2012-12-20 | Modifizierte planarzelle und stapel von elektrochemischen einrichtungen auf ihrer basis sowie verfahren zur herstellung der planarzelle und des stapels und eine form für die fertigung der planarzelle |
| PCT/IB2012/002774 WO2013093607A2 (de) | 2011-12-22 | 2012-12-20 | Modifizierte planarzelle und stapel von elektrochemischen einrichtungen auf ihrer basis sowie verfahren zur herstellung der planarzelle und des stapels und eine form für die fertigung der planarzelle |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2795704A2 true EP2795704A2 (de) | 2014-10-29 |
Family
ID=47678893
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP12822989.5A Withdrawn EP2795704A2 (de) | 2011-12-22 | 2012-12-20 | Modifizierte planarzelle und stapel von elektrochemischen einrichtungen auf ihrer basis sowie verfahren zur herstellung der planarzelle und des stapels und eine form für die fertigung der planarzelle |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20150004522A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP2795704A2 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN104185918A (de) |
| EA (1) | EA034358B1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2013093607A2 (de) |
Families Citing this family (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PL236016B1 (pl) * | 2014-11-24 | 2020-11-30 | Inst Energetyki Inst Badawczy | Stos wysokotemperaturowych ogniw paliwowych do wytwarzania energii elektrycznej |
| KR101816342B1 (ko) * | 2014-12-12 | 2018-01-08 | 현대자동차주식회사 | 연료전지 스택 |
| KR102475889B1 (ko) * | 2015-10-13 | 2022-12-08 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 금속 공기 전지 |
| CN105161743B (zh) * | 2015-10-14 | 2018-01-30 | 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所 | 一种高温固态燃料电池的阳极以及电池堆单元 |
| US10847780B2 (en) | 2016-09-16 | 2020-11-24 | Pacesetter, Inc. | Battery electrode and methods of making |
| EP3793642A4 (de) | 2018-05-17 | 2022-03-16 | Giner Life Sciences, Inc. | Elektrolysegasgenerator mit kombinierten leitungs- und gasanschlussklemmen |
| JP7052593B2 (ja) * | 2018-06-21 | 2022-04-12 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池単セルの製造方法 |
| CN111146472B (zh) * | 2020-01-09 | 2023-09-22 | 李肖宏 | 一种氢燃料电池 |
| US20210328235A1 (en) * | 2020-04-21 | 2021-10-21 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | High power density fuel cell |
| WO2024153773A1 (en) * | 2023-01-20 | 2024-07-25 | Totalenergies Onetech | Corrugated solid oxide electroactive substrate |
| CN120659910A (zh) * | 2023-02-07 | 2025-09-16 | 易沃绿公司 | 用于电化学电池的可缩放流场和高速制造它们的方法 |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH01251562A (ja) * | 1988-03-31 | 1989-10-06 | Agency Of Ind Science & Technol | 平板型固体電解質燃料電池 |
| JPH04292865A (ja) * | 1991-03-20 | 1992-10-16 | Ngk Insulators Ltd | 固体電解質型燃料電池 |
| WO2000069008A1 (en) | 1999-05-07 | 2000-11-16 | Forskningscenter Risø | Electrochemical cell |
| WO2003028132A1 (en) * | 2000-06-14 | 2003-04-03 | Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. | Fuel cell device and method of cooling fuel cell |
| DE102005011669A1 (de) * | 2004-05-28 | 2006-09-21 | Siemens Ag | Hochtemperatur-Festelektrolyt-Brennstoffzelle und damit aufgebaute Brennstoffzellenanlage |
| KR20100065296A (ko) | 2007-07-25 | 2010-06-16 | 더 리전트 오브 더 유니버시티 오브 캘리포니아 | 맞물림 구조를 가지는 고온 전기화학 소자 |
| US8409763B2 (en) * | 2007-08-08 | 2013-04-02 | Solid Cell, Inc. | Modified planar cell (MPC) and stack based on MPC |
| FR2938122B1 (fr) * | 2008-10-30 | 2010-12-24 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Electrolyte a rigidite abaissee, et systeme electrochimique comportant un tel electrolyte |
| DE102009003074A1 (de) * | 2009-05-13 | 2010-11-18 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Elektrochemische Zelle zur Gewinnung elektrischer Energie |
| DE102010001988A1 (de) | 2010-02-16 | 2011-08-18 | Robert Bosch GmbH, 70469 | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer elektrolytgetragenen SOFC-Brennstoffzelle |
-
2012
- 2012-12-20 US US14/367,916 patent/US20150004522A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2012-12-20 EP EP12822989.5A patent/EP2795704A2/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2012-12-20 CN CN201280070175.9A patent/CN104185918A/zh active Pending
- 2012-12-20 WO PCT/IB2012/002774 patent/WO2013093607A2/de not_active Ceased
- 2012-12-20 EA EA201400738A patent/EA034358B1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN104185918A (zh) | 2014-12-03 |
| WO2013093607A2 (de) | 2013-06-27 |
| EA034358B1 (ru) | 2020-01-30 |
| WO2013093607A3 (de) | 2013-11-21 |
| US20150004522A1 (en) | 2015-01-01 |
| EA201400738A1 (ru) | 2015-04-30 |
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