Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
  • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
  • E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
  • E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
  • E04F13/18—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements of organic plastics with or without reinforcements or filling materials or with an outer layer of organic plastics with or without reinforcements or filling materials; plastic tiles
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
  • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
  • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
  • E04C2/10—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products
  • E04C2/20—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products of plastics
  • E04C2/205—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products of plastics of foamed plastics, or of plastics and foamed plastics, optionally reinforced
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
  • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
  • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
  • E04C2/40—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of a number of smaller components rigidly or movably connected together, e.g. interlocking, hingedly connected of particular shape, e.g. not rectangular of variable shape or size, e.g. flexible or telescopic panels
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
  • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
  • E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
  • E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
  • E04F13/0875—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements having a basic insulating layer and at least one covering layer
  • E04F13/0878—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements having a basic insulating layer and at least one covering layer the basic insulating layer comprising mutual alignment or interlocking means
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
  • E04H17/00—Fencing, e.g. fences, enclosures, corrals
  • E04H17/14—Fences constructed of rigid elements, e.g. with additional wire fillings or with posts
  • E04H17/1413—Post-and-rail fences, e.g. without vertical cross-members
  • E04H17/1445—Fences with pivotable slats for reduced wind resistance or for adjusting visibility
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
  • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
  • E06B9/00—Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
  • E06B9/02—Shutters, movable grilles, or other safety closing devices, e.g. against burglary
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
  • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
  • E04C2002/001—Mechanical features of panels
  • E04C2002/004—Panels with profiled edges, e.g. stepped, serrated
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
  • E04F2201/00—Joining sheets or plates or panels
  • E04F2201/02—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
  • E04F2201/025—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections with tongue and grooves alternating transversally in the direction of the thickness of the panel, e.g. multiple tongue and grooves oriented parallel to each other
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
  • E04F2201/00—Joining sheets or plates or panels
  • E04F2201/05—Separate connectors or inserts, e.g. pegs, pins, keys or strips
  • E04F2201/0523—Separate tongues; Interlocking keys, e.g. joining mouldings of circular, square or rectangular shape
  • E04F2201/0541—Separate tongues; Interlocking keys, e.g. joining mouldings of circular, square or rectangular shape adapted to be moved along the joint edge
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
  • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
  • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
  • E06B3/32—Arrangements of wings characterised by the manner of movement; Arrangements of movable wings in openings; Features of wings or frames relating solely to the manner of movement of the wing
  • E06B3/48—Wings connected at their edges, e.g. foldable wings
  • E06B3/485—Sectional doors
  • E06B3/486—Sectional doors with hinges being at least partially integral part of the section panels

Definitions

• the present invention relates to foam blades for making multi-blade assemblies like shutters, doors, screens, fences, etc..
• An object of the present invention is therefore to provide a solution for making assemblies of the indicated type which are sufficiently rigid, even under temperature difference conditions. important between opposite faces and that do not ruin the aesthetic aspect of the assembly.
• the present invention provides in a first aspect a foam blade which is connectable to a blade of the same type by a tongue and groove system.
• the blade comprises two major opposite surfaces and at least four edges connecting these surfaces, a first and a second opposite parallel edges each having a section forming both a tongue-like profile and a groove-like profile.
• each of the first and second edges has a recess over the entire length (slightly recessed) of its tongue-like profile, the opening of this recess being oriented towards the median plane between the tongue and the groove in such a way that during the assembly by the edges of two blades of the same type forms a cavity (longitudinal), the size and shape of the section corresponds to the sum of the two recess sections, the shape of the first edge being complementary to the shape of the second edge except at the location of the recesses.
• the position of the section of the recess of a first edge is chosen to be (substantially) opposite that of the recess of a second edge of a corresponding second blade during assembly. or the connection of two blades of the same type.
• the recesses are therefore preferably equidistant from the end of the respective tongue.
• the first edge corresponds to the second by a rotational symmetry about the central axis of the blade parallel to said first and second edges.
• a second aspect relates to the use of a blade as described in this document for outdoor applications, such as shutters, screens, fences, facade cladding, exterior carpentry, siding and equivalent applications.
• a third aspect of the invention relates to a method of assembling at least two blades according to the invention, the method comprising: a) placing side by side a first edge of a first profile blade tongue-like and groove type profile with a second edge of a second blade; b) connecting the first and second blades by inserting the tongue-like profiles into the groove-like profiles of each of two blades, in doing so the recess of the first edge of the first blade and the recess of the second edge of the second blade complement each other to form a cavity together; c) the introduction by at least one edge perpendicular to said first and second edges of a blocking element in said cavity formed by the two aforementioned recesses, the section of the blocking element essentially corresponding to that of said cavity and d) the eventual reiteration of the steps s a
• the invention therefore also relates to an assembly kit comprising n foam blades as described herein and n-1 blocking elements intended to be introduced into the cavity formed by two recesses of adjacent blades, n being an integer> 2. Depending on the application, n will usually be between 3 and 100 or even more.
• the foam blades are simple to assemble: just plug the respective opposite edges.
• the thus assembled blades are secured simply by sliding a blocking element or locking bar in the cavity formed by the recesses of two inserted blades.
• the assembled and secured blades are at the same time stiffened by the rigidity of the blocking element (and therefore also stiffening).
• the foam of the blade according to the invention can be of any type suitable for the intended application of the blade.
• Wood-plastic composite foams made of sawdust incorporated in various polymers, among others: high-density polyethylene (HDPE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polypropylene (PP), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polystyrene (PS), and poly (lactic acid) (PLA); blends of polystyrene homopolymer (crystal) or impact polystyrene (HIPS, PS copolymerized with butadiene) with polyphenylene oxide (PPO), also called polyphenylene ether (PPE), reinforced or not with glass fibers.
• HDPE high-density polyethylene
• PVC polyvinyl chloride
• PP polypropylene
• ABS acrylonitrile butadiene styrene
• PS polystyrene
• PLA poly (lactic acid)
• the foam of the blade is a polystyrene foam, in this case a homopolymer or copolymer of styrene.
• it is a copolymer of styrene and one or more comonomers, for example butadiene, styrene-butadiene-styrene, acrylonitrile-butadiene, ethylene-propylene-diene (EPDM), ....
• the styrenic polymer or polystyrene used is selected from the group consisting of polystyrene (crystal), impact polystyrene based on butadiene (HIPS), acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) , styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS), styrene-ethylene-butadiene-styrene (SEBS), impact polystyrene based on ethylene-propylene-diene, polystyrene blend homopolymer (crystal) or impact modified polystyrene based on butadiene (HIPS) with polyphenylene oxide / ether (PPO / EPP), or mixtures thereof.
• polystyrene crystal
• HIPS acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene
• ABS acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene
• SBS st
• polystyrenes differing in viscosity and therefore in molecular weight, alone or mixed with other copolymers of styrene and a diene monomer.
• Suitable copolymers are, for example, butadiene-based high impact polystyrene (HIPS), ethylene-propylene-diene (EPDM) -based polystyrene, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), styrene-butadiene- styrene (SBS), styrene-ethylene-butadiene-styrene (SEBS) or mixtures thereof.
• HIPS high impact polystyrene
• EPDM ethylene-propylene-diene
• ABS acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene
• SBS styrene-butadiene- styrene
• SEBS styrene-ethylene-butadiene-
• the polystyrene can be dyed in the mass by using suitable pigments and / or dyes well known to those skilled in the art.
• the foaming agent used to obtain the foam may be a physical or chemical foaming agent or a combination of two or more physical and / or chemical foaming agents. These are generally those commonly used in the manufacture of foams, including polystyrene foams.
• Suitable physical foaming agents include gaseous agents at ambient temperature and pressure, such as CO2, nitrogen, lower alkanes, for example butane or isobutane, and the like. and liquid agents at ambient temperature and pressure, such as pentane, hexane and the like.
• the chemical foaming agents mention may be made of azodicarbonamide, a combination of citric acid and sodium bicarbonate, OBSH, etc.
• the chemical agents can also be used as active nucleating agents in combination with one or more physical agents.
• the content of foaming agent used obviously depends on the nature of the foaming agent itself, but also the desired foam density.
• the percentage by weight of CO2 in the case of direct gassing is between 0.01% and 5%, preferably between 0.015 and 3%.
• the blade comprises a foam having a density of between 40 kg / m 3 and 750 kg / m 3 , more preferably between 60 and 650 kg / m 3 and more particularly between and 80 and 550 kg. / m 3 .
• the foam preferably comprises fine cells, for example from 5 to 200 ⁇ , and these are preferably of uniform size.
• the foam blade may have a surface layer (outer) surface finish or protection.
• This layer is generally non-foamed and may consist of the same polymer or polymers as the foam layer, but without foaming agents.
• This layer may also have a composition different from that of the foam layer, that is to say include polymers different from those used for the foam.
• the outer layer of finish or protection is polymethyl methacrylate.
• This polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) may be a homopolymer of methyl methacrylate or a copolymer of methyl methacrylate and other comonomers, or a mixture of such polymers. Therefore, the term PMMA may refer to a PMMA composition comprising one or more homo- and / or copolymer (s).
• PMMA is preferably a methacrylate copolymer of methyl and ethyl (meth) acrylate, still more preferably a copolymer of methyl methacrylate and ethyl acrylate, e.g. ex. CAS 9010-88-2.
• such PMMA is used in admixture with one or more other compatible polymers, preferably one or more copolymer (s) (grafted) comprising acrylic and styrenic groups.
• the outer layer of finish or protection is preferably coextruded with the foam layer.
• the foam is polystyrene coextruded with a PMMA layer, so as to form a blade comprising a foamed polystyrene substrate provided with an outer layer of PMMA resistant to UV rays and more generally to the weather.
• the PMMA used is preferably substantially transparent, but may be stained or colored and may contain, if necessary or useful, other adjuvants and additives.
• the term "essentially transparent” or simply "transparent” in this context indicates that the material allows at least some wavelengths of visible light to pass.
• the PMMA or the PMMA composition generally has a Melt Flow Index (MFI) of at least 1, preferably at least 2.0, more preferably at least 3.0, in particular at least 4.0, preferably at least 5.0 g / 10 min, 230 ° C, 3.8 kg.
• MFI Melt Flow Index
• the melt index is generally at most 15, preferably at most 14.0, more preferably at most 13.0, in particular at most 12.0, preferably at most 10.0 g / 10 min, 230 ° C, 3.8 kg.
• the PMMA MFI is about 5.0 to 10.0 g / 10 min, 230 ° C, 3.8 kg.
• the Melt Flow Index also known as the Melt Flow Rate (MFR) or the Melt Index (Ml) is a method commonly used in the plastics industry for the characterization of thermoplastic materials. . It allows to estimate their extrudability. This traditional and relatively simple method, described in ASTM D1238, is easily used for batch quality control in production and receiving.
• the thickness of the topcoat or protection layer is advantageously between 50 ⁇ and 500 ⁇ , more advantageously between 100 ⁇ and 400 ⁇ , with a preference for about 200 ⁇ to 300 ⁇ , particularly preferably with a constant thickness over the entire section.
• the thickness of the foam depends on the first line of the intended use of the made blade. This thickness is much greater than that of the topcoat or protection layer and will generally be between 5 mm and 20 cm (or more), preferably between 8 mm and 10 cm, in particular between 10 mm and 5 cm.
• the foam blade is preferably foamed polystyrene and advantageously comprises a non-foamed outer layer comprising polymethyl methacrylate.
• the recess preferably has a semicircular, rectangular or polygonal section.
• the recesses of the first and second edges have an identical section, but this is not essential, insofar as the section of the blocking element is similarly adapted.
• the blocking element may be a solid or hollow element or even a U-shaped open profile. In practice, the blocking element is dimensioned in such a way that it has no clearance inside the cavity.
• the general section of the blocking element corresponds to that of the cavity, but the blocking element may additionally have protuberances or protrusions on its outer surface in contact with the foam so as to maintain it in the foam. In the case of a cylindrical locking element, its outer surface may also have the shape of a thread.
• the blocking element in addition to its shape acts as a stiffener and as such is a sufficiently rigid material in the application conditions to impart sufficient rigidity to the assembly.
• the blocking element is made of metal, preferably aluminum or stainless steel.
• Other materials such as wood, plywood, plastics, ferrous and non-ferrous metals, composite materials such as glass fibers, carbon fibers, Kevlar®, polyetheretherketone (PEEK), cement, polymer cement or any other suitable material, may however be suitable for certain applications.
• the blade may further comprise in the body of the foam one or more longitudinal channels parallel to said first and second edges. These channels can be used to further stiffen the blade or assembly by introducing additional stiffening bars.
• the assembly method then optionally also comprises the step of introducing a stiffening bar into each of the longitudinal channels or some only depending on the rigidity requirements.
• the stiffening bars may be of the same type (material, shape, etc.) as the blocking elements or of a different type.
• the opposite outer surfaces (major) of the blades may be identical or different, both in terms of the color (uniform, streaks of different colors, for example imitating the wood), the shape (flat or other), and / or ornamentation (relief, grain, streaks, etc.) so that the appearance of a blade varies depending on which side the user sees the assembly.
• first edge corresponds to the second by rotation symmetry about the central axis of the blade parallel to said first and second edges as mentioned above, it is possible to alternate the orientation of a blade relative to the adjacent blade to have a more varied appearance.
• finishing or termination foam blades having only a first edge or a second edge with groove and tongue as described here on one side of the blade.
• the opposite edge of these blades is then in the form of a straight-sectioned ridge, rounded or having any shape, not plug-in an edge of another blade.
• the function of such finishing blades is to allow to finish an assembly by a neat slice element, without having to cut a foam blade with two plug-in edges.
• the first edge preferably corresponds to the second by a symmetry of rotation about the central axis of the blade parallel to said first and second edges, a finishing blade corresponding can be used to complete the assembly on each side by simple rotation of the finishing blade.
• a fourth aspect of the invention relates to a method of manufacturing a foam blade as described herein, the method comprising the steps of a) assaying the polymer components of the foam and optionally other additives and adjuvants, b) plastification of the constituents in an extruder to obtain a homogeneous mixture, c) introduction of one or more foaming agents, d) mixing and pressurization of the resulting mixture, e) optionally, progressive cooling of said mixture, f) extruding the mixture and passing the mixture through a forming tool to form a blade having a first and a second opposite parallel edge each having a tongue-like profile section and a groove-like profile, each of the first and second edges has a recess along the entire length of its tongue-like profile, g) optionally, passage of the blade thus formed through a sys calibration method preferably temperature controlled, and h) pulling the calibrated blade.
• the manufacturing method above can also include a step of co-extrusion of a topcoat and / or protection during or after step f).
• An example of a manufacturing method is given below: [0036] 1. Dosage of the components:
• the components of the formulation are individually dosed by a metering station of volumetric or gravimetric type, to achieve precisely the desired composition.
• the raw materials are preferably in the form of regular granules, having if possible the same size and the same form from one component to another. It will also be preferred that the apparent density be in a narrow range between the various components, so as not to cause premature disbanding.
• Extruder The components thus measured are fed to the feed of a laminating extruder.
• This extruder preferably comprises two screws, which can be co- or counter-rotating, self-cleaning or not.
• the cylinder has several heating zones. The first part of the cylinder is heated at high temperature, in order to plasticize the solid components dosed to the feed, while mixing them to homogenize the whole.
• pressurized gas is injected via an injection port drilled into the cylinder. The gas will be maintained in its condensed phase, in particular in a supercritical state in the case of CO2.
• the mixing of the components and the gas is kneaded and pressurized in order to obtain a good homogeneity and an optimal dissolution of the gas in the melted mixture to obtain a single phase.
• the subsequent zones of the cylinder are then progressively colder in order to maintain the pressure necessary for the solubilization of the gas.
• the cooled mixture is optionally homogenized again, by passing through a static mixer which will divide the flow into several "channels" which will be crossed and redistributed, in order to make the temperature profile of a perpendicular section of the flow most possible dish.
• the homogeneous mixture, monophasic plasticized components and gas then passes into the forming tool, consisting of a die guiding the flow to the desired foaming.
• the pressure drop that the mixture undergoes since the exit of the cylinder decreases constantly the pressure of the mixture; at a time this pressure drops below the critical threshold where the gas, previously solubilized, will supersaturate the mixture and gas bubbles will then arise, forming a second discrete phase.
• the zone of formation of these primary bubbles should not happen too early, under penalty of causing a premoussage giving a deformed and unstable foam, with an unattractive surface.
• the means of action on the place where this critical step of demixing occurs are multiple: viscosity of the components, temperature of the tool, proportion of gas, form of the tool, flow of the extruder all these parameters to be Optimized for each foam blade profile to be realized.
• the foam exits the atmosphere, at high temperature, and expands freely.
• the viscosity of the cell walls increases with the cooling and migration of the gas in the cells, until the cell structure is frozen. But this process takes time, and the shape of the foam is usually not stable immediately.
• To control the dimensions of the foam it can be passed through a calibration system, by a motorized draw at the end of the extrusion line.
• the calibrators possibly temperature controlled for a more effective control of the shape especially at the beginning when the foam is the hottest, gradually impose the foamed mass its final shape. It is during this step that are formed, respectively completed the first and second opposite parallel edges with their section forming a groove type profile and a tongue-like profile, the latter comprising the recess along its length.
• Co-extrusion in line It is possible to modify a portion or the entire surface of the solidified primary foam blade by adding an additional layer of material by coextrusion.
• This secondary layer which must be compatible with the former to ensure good cohesion, may have the function of strengthening the mechanical properties, resistance to external conditions or aesthetic properties, thus forming a protective layer, finish and / or decoration.
• the foam is generally drawn by a motorized stretching machine, single or double depending on the number of blades extruded in parallel.
• the blade is then cut to length by a saw, ensuring a perfectly perpendicular cut.
• Fig. 1 is a cross section of a blade variant according to the invention
• Fig. 2 is a cross-section through several blades of FIG. 1 after assembly
• Fig. 3 is a cross section of another blade variant according to the invention.
• Fig. 4 is a cross section through two blades of FIG. 3 after assembly.
• FIG. 1 shows a cross section through a first blade variant 1 according to the invention.
• the blade 1 comprises a foam profile 5 with two major surfaces 3 and 4 connected by at least a first and a second edge 15 and 25.
• the first edge 15 comprises a tongue 12, a groove 13 and a recess 14.
• the second edge 25 comprises a tongue 22, a groove 23 and a recess 24. These edges are designed to be complementary to each other except at the location of the recesses 14, 24.
• the tongue 12 a first edge 15 can be plugged into a groove 23 of a second identical blade (not shown in Figure 1)
• the groove 13 of the first edge 15 can receive the tongue 22 of the second blade.
• the two recesses 14, 24 (of semicircular sections) form a cavity (of circular section).
• a bar 10 is then inserted into each cavity in order to block and secure the assembly of several blades 1.
• the blades 1 1 at the ends of the assembly are so-called finishing or termination blades.
• the edge without groove and tongue of this blade, and thus of the assembly is straight, but it could have any other form, for example rounded, etc.
• FIG. 3 shows a blade variant 1 similar to that of FIG. 1, except that the blade 1 of this figure further comprises two longitudinal channels (hollow) 6.
• the assembly of (two) blades 1 according to FIG. 3 as shown in FIG. 4 is similar to that of FIG. 2, but the assembly can be further stiffened (if desired) by introducing one or more additional bars 7 into the channels 6, as needed.
• Blocking element (inserted in the bar or locking rod

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
• Molding Of Porous Articles (AREA)
• Laminated Bodies (AREA)
• Scissors And Nippers (AREA)

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• 2011
  • 2011-10-27 BE BE2011/0632A patent/BE1020286A5/fr active
• 2012
  • 2012-10-26 WO PCT/EP2012/071301 patent/WO2013060871A1/fr active Application Filing
  • 2012-10-26 MX MX2014005073A patent/MX2014005073A/es unknown
  • 2012-10-26 ES ES12775723.5T patent/ES2562902T3/es active Active
  • 2012-10-26 RU RU2014121156/03A patent/RU2014121156A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2012-10-26 EP EP12775723.5A patent/EP2771521B1/de active Active
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• 2014
  • 2014-04-24 ZA ZA2014/03016A patent/ZA201403016B/en unknown
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