EP2771194B1 - Élément de sécurité - Google Patents

Élément de sécurité Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2771194B1
EP2771194B1 EP12791114.7A EP12791114A EP2771194B1 EP 2771194 B1 EP2771194 B1 EP 2771194B1 EP 12791114 A EP12791114 A EP 12791114A EP 2771194 B1 EP2771194 B1 EP 2771194B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layer
security element
light
luminous
openings
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP12791114.7A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2771194A1 (fr
Inventor
Wayne Robert Tompkin
Harald Walter
Olga Kulikovska
Jörg Fischer
André LEOPOLD
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
OVD Kinegram AG
Bundesdruckerei GmbH
Original Assignee
OVD Kinegram AG
Bundesdruckerei GmbH
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Publication date
Application filed by OVD Kinegram AG, Bundesdruckerei GmbH filed Critical OVD Kinegram AG
Publication of EP2771194A1 publication Critical patent/EP2771194A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2771194B1 publication Critical patent/EP2771194B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/351—Translucent or partly translucent parts, e.g. windows
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/20—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof characterised by a particular use or purpose
    • B42D25/29—Securities; Bank notes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/342—Moiré effects
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/346—Perforations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/36—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery comprising special materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/40—Manufacture
    • B42D25/45—Associating two or more layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/328—Diffraction gratings; Holograms
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/36—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery comprising special materials
    • B42D25/378—Special inks
    • B42D25/382—Special inks absorbing or reflecting infrared light
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/36—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery comprising special materials
    • B42D25/378—Special inks
    • B42D25/387—Special inks absorbing or reflecting ultraviolet light
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a security element and to a security document equipped with such a security element, to a method for producing such a security element and to a transfer film having such a security element.
  • the DE 10 2008 033 716 B3 describes a value or security document with a document body in which a Lichtleit Vietnamese is formed, which is designed for a light pipe via total reflection in their boundary layers.
  • the light pipe is in this case made possible in a plane which is substantially parallel to an upper side of the document body.
  • the DE 102005039320 A1 discloses a security element according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the invention is based on the object to provide a flexible security element, which shows optical effects that are easily recognizable for everyone and at the same time amazing or surprising and therefore easy to memorize.
  • a security element wherein the security element has a visible side and a rear side opposite thereto, the security element having at least one luminescent layer which can emit or provide light, as well as at least one mask layer which projects from the visible side when the security element is viewed the at least one luminescent layer is arranged, wherein the at least one mask layer has at least one opaque region and at least two transparent openings, and wherein the at least two transparent openings have a significantly higher transmittance than the at least one opaque region with respect to the at least one luminescent layer emitted or provided light, preferably a higher by at least 20%, more preferably at least 50% higher transmittance.
  • the object is further achieved by a security document, in particular a banknote, a security or a paper document, with at least one such security element, wherein the security element can be viewed from its visible side.
  • a method for producing a security element comprising the following steps: providing a flexible multilayer film body with at least one luminescent layer, which can emit or provide light, and at least one mask layer which, when viewing the security element from the visible side before the at least one luminescent layer is arranged; and forming at least two transparent openings in the at least one mask layer such that the at least one mask layer has at least one opaque area and at least two transparent openings, the at least two transparent openings having a significantly higher transmittance than the at least one opaque area with respect to the one has at least one light emitting layer emitted or provided light, preferably at least a 20%, more preferably at least 50% higher transmittance.
  • the object is further achieved by a Transferfolle with at least one security element according to one of claims 1 to 35, wherein the
  • optical effects in particular due to the interaction of a self-luminous, i.
  • light-generating and radiating luminescent layer or light-providing luminescent layer e.g., a backlit transparent layer
  • a mask layer covering the luminescent layer are caused to be used in a security element.
  • These easily recognizable optical effects are clearly visible when the luminescent layer provides light or emits light in an active state, and not or hardly visible when the luminescent layer provides no light or emits no light in an inactive state.
  • One of the challenges is to keep the thickness of such a security element as low as possible in order to enable a practicable arrangement of the security element on or in a security document.
  • the optical impression of the security element is thus determined by the configuration of the at least one luminescent layer and / or the distribution of the transparent openings of the at least two arrangements and of the at least one opaque area.
  • the light relevant to the desired effect preferably passes through the security element substantially in a direction perpendicular to the top of the security element. There is no need for total reflection at any interfaces.
  • the mask layer allows light, which is provided or emitted by the luminescent layer, to pass significantly better through its transparent openings than through its opaque areas. It is advantageous if the at least one opaque region blocks or at least substantially attenuates light provided or emitted by the at least one luminous layer, preferably has a transmittance of at most 20%, more preferably at most 10% and even more preferably at most 5%, and the at least two transparent openings of the at least one luminescent layer provided or emitted light substantially pass, preferably have a transmittance of at least 50% , Preferably, the opaque areas of the mask layer are completely opaque to light, ie with a transmittance of at most 5%, while the transparent openings allow light to pass through almost unattenuated, ie with a transmittance of at least 70%.
  • the openings are preferably designed as window openings in the mask layer, ie as openings through the mask layer.
  • the security element is preferably a security element for identifying and increasing the security against forgery of a security document, in particular a banknote, a security, a check, a tax stamp, a postage stamp, a visa, a motor vehicle document, a ticket or a paper document, or of Identification documents (ID documents), in particular a passport or an ID card, an identity card, a driver's license, a bank card, a credit card, an access control card, a health insurance card or a commercial product for increasing the security against forgery and / or for authentication and / or traceability (Track & Trace) of the commercial product or any smart cards and self-adhesive labels.
  • ID documents in particular a passport or an ID card, an identity card, a driver's license, a bank card, a credit card, an access control card, a health insurance card or a commercial product for increasing the security against forgery and / or for authentication and / or traceability (Track & Trace) of the commercial product
  • the at least one luminescent layer which can emit light
  • a self-luminous luminescent layer here represents a luminescent layer, which emits light and, in particular, acts as an energy converter, which converts a primary energy into light energy.
  • an electric current, heat, a chemical decomposition process or electromagnetic radiation can be used as the primary energy serve, which differs from the wavelength of the emitted light (for example, UV light, infrared light or microwave radiation).
  • the luminescent layer which can provide light
  • the light source is not part of the security element and is provided, for example, by a light source of a body on which the security element is laminated, or constitutes an external light source on which the security element is placed or against which the security element in transmitted light is looked at.
  • the luminescent layer preferably has one or more transparent layers, which may also be designed as wave guides or light guides. In the simplest case, the luminescent layer has such a transparent layer, which is directly in contact with the rear side of the security element or below which a continuous recess is provided in the security element.
  • the luminescent layer can be, for example, a layer of a hot stamping foil, for example a protective lacquer or else the replication layer itself.
  • the luminescent layer has one or more luminescent elements.
  • the luminous elements are formed by regions of the luminous layer which are formed according to the shape of the luminous elements and / or regions of the luminous layer which are provided with light waveguides and which are preferably surrounded by opaque regions of the luminous layer.
  • the at least one luminescent layer has a self-luminous display element which in particular converts electrical energy into light energy.
  • the luminescent layer consists of one or more luminous elements, which are each formed as self-luminous display elements.
  • the self-luminous display elements can be designed on the basis of electroluminescence. These include thick-film or powder electroluminescence, thin-film electroluminescence and single-crystal electroluminescence.
  • the display elements as electroluminescent film (EL film).
  • one electrode of the display element serves as the at least one mask layer or an opaque intermediate layer arranged between the at least one luminous layer and the at least one mask layer, which has at least one arrangement of light-permeable openings.
  • a periodicity in the light source can be generated.
  • it is a metal electrode, in particular a metallic reflection layer of an OVD.
  • a metallic reflection layer consists of aluminum, silver, gold or copper.
  • a periodicity or a raster, in particular a moiré raster or a raster in the form of a revealer pattern, can be realized in different ways in an OLED illuminating the entire surface.
  • one possibility is to incorporate an insulator layer into the OLED, whereby areas of the OLED coated with this insulator layer do not shine and released areas light up.
  • one of the transport layers in particular the electron or hole transport layer, can also be modified, in particular by irradiation or action of a chemical, so that locally the transport properties are destroyed. This also causes the treated areas to stop glowing.
  • the at least one luminescent layer has a luminescent display element, which can be excited by another light source to shine.
  • the luminescent elements may be fluorescent and / or phosphorescent materials which absorb incident light and re-radiate it in the same or a different wavelength range, with immediate temporal and / or temporal offset.
  • the luminescent layer is excited by electrical energy from an energy source for illumination.
  • the luminescent layer thus has a display element which converts electrical energy into light energy.
  • the preferred energy sources of the luminescent layer include, in particular, piezoelectric and photovoltaic current sources, batteries, capacitors, supercapacitors, etc.
  • the energy can also be supplied via a suitable antenna, e.g. an RFID antenna, to be taken from an electric field.
  • these energy sources are integrated into the security element or the security document or connected to it via a power line.
  • the power source may be located outside the security element / document, e.g. in an external reader.
  • a galvanic, capacitive or inductive transmission of electrical energy is available for selection.
  • the security document may be placed in a corresponding local electrical or magnetic or electromagnetic field to enable capacitive and / or inductive, in particular wireless, energy transfer.
  • a mobile device such as a mobile device. a smartphone, with a so-called NFC (Near Field Communication) device.
  • NFC Near Field Communication
  • a light pattern which the mask layer exhibits from the visible side due to its different transmission of light emitted from the at least one luminescent layer when viewing the security element provides a first optical security feature of the security element.
  • An observer who views the security element from its visible side, takes in the active state of the luminescent layer, ie when the Luminous layer provides light or emits, in the area of the mask layer, the light pattern formed by the darker opaque areas and lighter transparent openings. Since such a light pattern can be recognized very well even under unfavorable lighting conditions, a reliable and easily verifiable security feature is available with such a security element, which offers protection against counterfeiting, for example, of banknotes or ID cards or commercial products.
  • a suitable embodiment of the luminous and / or mask layer depends on the viewing angle at which the observer views the security element. The design of the light pattern is thus dependent on viewing angle.
  • the at least one opaque region of the at least one mask layer provides a second optical security feature of the security element when viewing the security element from the visible side.
  • the protection against counterfeiting of the security document is therefore not limited solely by the light effects of the light and mask layer, but extended by another security feature that exists independently of the light effects of the light and mask layer.
  • the at least two transparent openings may be formed as a metal-free region of the OVD or as an unprinted region in the printing layer.
  • the printing layer may e.g. be a part of the printed image of a banknote.
  • the printing layer can be applied by intaglio printing.
  • the advantage of this technique is that the transparent openings of the mask layer can be made very small due to the very high resolution of several thousand DPI (dots per inch). Thus, the distance between two transparent openings can be very small.
  • printing and security documents commonly used printing methods can be used.
  • the indirect high pressure offers a high resolution and lower cost of the printing form over the Intaglio printing process.
  • an optical device as the mask layer of such a self-luminous or backlit security element, which provides an independent optical security feature which also acts independently of the luminous layer, for example a security print image with translucent recesses or an OVD whose metallic reflection layer is opaque to light Area of the mask is used and which additionally has transparent areas, can pass through the light of the luminescent layer of the security element.
  • the interaction of the self-luminous or backlit luminescent layer and the optical device serving as a mask layer results synergistically in a multiple optical effect: on the one hand the optical security element acts as such - regardless of whether the luminescent layer emits or provides light; On the other hand, the security element exhibits the special optical effects already mentioned above, which can be caused by the interaction of a self-luminous or backlit luminous layer and a mask layer covering the luminous layer.
  • the optical effect of the optical security element is in particular almost undisturbed visible when the area ratio of the transparent openings the mask layer is low. For example, the area fraction is less than 30% and preferably less than 10%.
  • Such a small proportion of area is additionally advantageous for the image quality of the optical effects that result from the interaction with the self-luminous or backlit luminous layer.
  • the brightness of the effect reduces with decreasing area fraction of the transparent openings.
  • a further disadvantage of the special embodiment of the self-luminous luminescent layer as a display is that with such small transparent surface portions of the part of the display, which is superimposed by the mask layer, are hardly or not used for the presentation of information can.
  • the transparent openings not by a demetallization, but by providing suitable structures in the region of the transparent openings.
  • suitable structures must increase the transmission of the metal mask layer by at least 20%, more preferably by at least 90%, and more preferably by at least 200%, compared to the areas around the transparent openings.
  • the suitable structures are so-called subwavelength gratings with periods below 450 nm, preferably below 400 nm, and depths greater than 100 nm, preferably greater than 200 nm.
  • Such structures for adjusting the transparency of a metal layer are in the WO 2006/024478 A2 described.
  • these suitable structures may have random structures with mean feature size below 450nm. preferably below 400 nm, and depths greater than 100 nm, preferably greater than 200 nm.
  • the advantage of this variant is that no demetallization is necessary, the disadvantage is that the transmission is less in the region of the transparent openings than in the case of demetallised openings.
  • the mask layer and in particular the transparent openings of the mask layer are spaced apart from the luminescent layer by a distance h from one another when viewed perpendicularly to one from the visible side or back of the security element spanned plane. Due to the fact that the mask layer and the luminous layer do not adjoin one another directly, the area of the luminous layer that is visible through the transparent openings of the mask layer changes when the security element is tilted. This makes it possible to achieve interesting optically variable effects, as explained below.
  • the distance h is preferably between 2 ⁇ m and 500 ⁇ m, more preferably between 10 ⁇ m and 100 ⁇ m, and even more preferably between 25 ⁇ m and 100 ⁇ m.
  • light which leaves the security element through the mask layer at different exit angles provides different optical information in each case.
  • a viewer takes in tilting the security element, i. Changing the viewing position and / or tilting the security element, e.g. horizontally to the left / right or vertically up / down, thus different optical information, e.g. Light pattern, true.
  • Different views at different viewing angles i. a characteristic "picture change" is a very simple, fast and at the same time effective way to verify the authenticity of a security document.
  • the at least one luminescent layer can have a luminescent element that illuminates the entire surface or that provides it over the entire surface. Furthermore, however, it is advantageous for the luminescent layer to have one or more first zones in which the luminescent layer can emit or provide light and which are preferably each enclosed by a second zone or separated from one another by a second zone in which the luminescent layer emits no light or can provide.
  • one or more light-emitting or light-providing first zones are formed in front of a non-light-emitting or light-providing background, which is formed by a second zone.
  • the luminescent layer preferably has two or more second zones.
  • the luminous layer preferably has one or more separate luminous elements or transparent openings.
  • the transparent openings act in backlighting of the luminescent layer as even luminous lighting elements.
  • the two or more separate light-emitting elements each have a radiation area in which the respective light-emitting element can emit or provide light and which respectively forms one of the first zones.
  • the one or more separate light-emitting elements are preferably in each case a self-luminous display element or a luminescent display element or backlit openings.
  • the luminescent layer has a mask layer, which is not provided in the region of the first zone or the first zones and is provided in the region of the second zone or the second zones.
  • the mask layer prevents light from the luminescent layer in the region of the second zone or the second zones from being emitted or provided, in the sense that they block or at least substantially block the light emitted or provided by the luminescent layer in the second zone or the second zones weakens.
  • the mask layer preferably has a transmittance of at most 20%, more preferably at most 10% and even more preferably at most 5% in the region of the second zone, and preferably consists of a metallic layer, preferably an opaque metallic layer.
  • the luminescent layer preferably has a full-surface luminous element or one or more luminous elements, in particular luminescent display elements or luminescent display elements.
  • the luminescent layer it is also possible for the luminescent layer to be a layer which transmits light incident on the back to the mask layer and thus provides the incident light from the back in the area of the first zones and blocks off in the area of the second zones.
  • the luminescent layer may have one or more, preferably two or more second zones, in which the luminescent layer can not emit or provide light and which are preferably each enclosed by a first zone or separated from one another.
  • the luminescent layer thus provides one or more second zones in which the luminescent layer can not emit or provide light and which are surrounded by a background in which the luminescent layer can emit or provide light, for example two or more non-luminous second zones, which are surrounded by a luminous background.
  • one or more of the first zones preferably all of the first zones, have at least one lateral dimension of less than 300 ⁇ m, more preferably less than 100 ⁇ m, and even more preferably less than 50 ⁇ m.
  • lateral dimension is here understood a dimension in the plane defined by the visible side or rear side of the security element, i. E. For example, understood the width or length of the radiation of a separate light emitting element.
  • the at least one mask layer has two or more transparent openings, which are arranged according to a second grid.
  • the at least one luminous layer has two or more first zones, in which the luminous layer can emit or provide light and which are arranged according to a first grid.
  • the luminescent layer it is also possible for the luminescent layer to have two or more second zones, in which the luminescent layer can not emit or provide light, and the two or more second zones are arranged according to the first raster.
  • the two or more first zones or two or more second zones are here preferably each separated or enclosed by a first zone or second zone.
  • the two or more transparent openings of the second grid may each be in the form of a microimage or an inverted microimage, in particular in the form of a motif, a symbol, one or more numbers, one or more letters and / or one Mikrotextes be formed.
  • Specific examples are denominations of banknotes and issue year of passports or ID cards.
  • the two or more first zones or the two or more second zones are preferably formed in the form of a sequence of stripes or pixels when viewed perpendicular to a plane defined by the visible side or the back side of the security element.
  • the luminous layer it is possible for the luminous layer to have two or more luminous elements whose emission regions each have a strip-shaped, rectangular or conical shape, and which thus form a corresponding sequence of one or more first zones which, for example, shape a one-dimensional line grid or a single line has two-dimensional dot or pixel raster.
  • the two or more first zones or the two or more second zones are each formed in the form of a microimage when viewed perpendicular to a plane defined by the visible side or rear side of the security element, in particular in the form of a motif. a symbol, one or more numbers, one or more letters and / or a microtext are formed.
  • the two or more transparent openings of the second grid preferably have a strip-shaped, rectangular or conical shape.
  • the raster widths of the first grid and the second raster respectively for adjacent first zones and transparent openings or second zones and transparent openings not to choose the same and to choose so that these rulings differ by less than 10% from each other, preferably differ by not more than 2% from each other.
  • the first grid and / or the second grid can be formed by a one-dimensional or two-dimensional grid, the grid spacing of the first grid and the second grid preferably being less than 300 ⁇ m, in particular less than 80 ⁇ m, and more preferably less than in at least one spatial direction 50 microns is selected.
  • the two or more first zones or the two or more second zones of the first grid and the transparent openings of the second grid are preferably arranged relative to one another in such a way that they overlap at least in regions when viewed perpendicularly to a plane defined by the visible side or rear side of the security element Level.
  • the optical effects generated by the individual openings or first zones are mixed for the viewer, as a result of which interesting optically variable effects can be generated.
  • the first raster prefferably be a periodic raster having a first period p 1 as the raster width and / or the second raster to be a periodic raster having a second period p 2 as the raster width.
  • the at least one luminescent layer it is thus possible for the at least one luminescent layer to have two or more separate luminous elements which are arranged in a first periodic raster having a first period, and the at least one mask layer has two or more transparent openings which are arranged in a second periodic raster with a first period second period are arranged, wherein the first and second periods are not the same, but similar.
  • This embodiment of the invention is based on a moiré magnification effect, which is also known under the names "shape moire" and "band moiré”. The size of the resulting moiré image depends on how strongly the periods of the two screens differ.
  • Preferred image sizes are between 5 mm and 1.5 cm of the smallest dimension, for which the raster periods in particular do not differ from each other by more than 10%, preferably do not deviate from each other by more than 2%.
  • the opaque areas of the mask layer may be used as metallic areas, e.g. a metal layer of a metallized film, or be formed as a print layer.
  • the transparent openings may be demetallized areas of a metal layer, e.g. a metallized film, or be designed as unprinted, thinner printed or printed with a transparent ink areas of a print layer.
  • the transparent openings preferably form so-called "microimages", i.
  • the mask layer may also be inverted. That the "microimages” are in this case opaque and the background of the "microimages” transparent.
  • images includes all possible information, such as alphanumeric characters, letters, logos, symbols, outlines, pictorial representations, coats of arms, patterns, halftones, etc.
  • the portion of the Display, which is covered by the mask layer nevertheless be used to display information by the display.
  • the optional intermediate layer is present, it must also have a high transmission, for example greater than 50% and preferably greater than 70%, for this case.
  • the display in the area covered by the mask layer, an image sequence, this sequence between the representation of the information of the display - for example, the face of the owner of an ID card - and the pattern, which with the Mask layer interacts, changes.
  • the luminescent layer is inactive, i. no light emits, or provides no light, the "micro images” as enlarged images are not or at least not clearly visible. If the luminescent layer is active, i. Emit light, or provides light, the "micro images” are clearly visible as enlarged images. These magnified images change, move or tilt vertically as the security element is tilted to the left or right, or up or down, or viewed from different perspectives. Compared with known moiré magnification arrangements, there is a difference insofar as they are always visible, whereas in the present development of the invention the "microimages" are only clearly visible as enlarged images if the luminous layer is active or provides light. By “switching" the luminescent layer between on and off or backlit and not backlit thus another optical effect can be generated.
  • the grid width of the first and / or second grid and / or the rotation of the first and the second grid against each other and / or the shaping of the micro images continuously according to a parameter variation function in at least one spatial direction vary.
  • the magnification see above
  • the direction of movement of the representation resulting from tilting for the viewer be varied.
  • transformation effects and complex motion effects can be generated in combination therewith.
  • the grid width of the first and / or second grid and / or the rotation of the first and the second grid against each other, and / or the orientation of the first grid and / or the second grid and / or the shape of the Micro images differs in a first area of the security element from the corresponding parameters in a second area of the security element. This also makes it possible to further improve the generation of complex, optically variable effects and thus to further improve the visual appearance and the security against forgery of the security element.
  • the transparent openings of the second grid and / or the two or more first zones and / or the two or more second zones of the first grid are each varied in their surface area to generate a halftone image.
  • the transparent openings of the second grid or the two or more first zones or the two or more second zones of the first grid each have a strip-shaped shape and the width of the strip-shaped opening or strip-shaped first or second zones locally Generation of a halftone image are varied.
  • the observer to see the corresponding halftone image, for example in incident light, when viewing the front or rear side of the security element in a state in which no light is provided or emitted by the luminous layer State in which the luminescent layer provides or emits light, the above-described, generated by the interaction of the mask layer and the luminescent layer security feature is visible.
  • a first such halftone image when viewed from the front side (in incident light) a second, different from it halftone image when viewed from the back (in reflected light) is visible, and when viewed from the visible side in a state where the luminescent layer provides light or emits light, the security feature described by the interaction of the luminescent layer and the mask layer is visible.
  • the first halftone image is provided by the variation of the transparent apertures of the second screen as described above and the second halftone image by the corresponding variation of the first zones or the second zones of the first screen.
  • the at least one mask layer has at least two arrangements of transparent openings, wherein light emitted by the at least one luminous layer leaves the security element through the at least two arrangements at respectively different exit angles.
  • An array of transparent openings comprises one or more openings. At least two arrangements of transparent openings thus comprise at least two different openings, which differ from one another in terms of their arrangement, ie position, in the mask layer and optionally additionally by their shape.
  • a viewer takes while tilting the Security element thus different optical information, such as light pattern, true: reaches his eye light through openings of a first arrangement, he sees a first optical information. When, at a different viewing angle, his eye reaches light through openings of a second array, he sees second optical information.
  • a characteristic "picture change” represent a very simple, fast and at the same time effective way of checking the authenticity of a security document.
  • a simple example is a change of image between the denomination number of a banknote eg "50” and a state emblem eg the "Swiss cross”.
  • the light exiting the security element through the at least two arrays, each at different exit angles forms an image sequence consisting of two or more images, each of these images being at a different exit angle.
  • an image sequence e.g. shows a galloping horse
  • film-like very memorable optical information can be transmitted.
  • the at least one luminescent layer prefferably has two or more separate luminous elements arranged in pattern-like fashion and for the transparent openings of the at least two arrangements to be matched to this pattern.
  • the luminous element is assigned in each case at least one opening through which light emitted by the luminous element leaves the security element in each case at an associated exit angle.
  • the at least one luminescent layer and the at least one mask layer are arranged parallel to one another. In this case, it is easier to maintain mutual register accuracy than if the at least one luminescent layer and the at least one mask layer are at an acute angle to each other.
  • At least partially between the at least one luminescent layer and the at least one mask layer at least one opaque intermediate layer is arranged, which has at least one arrangement of translucent openings.
  • Cross talk in connection with the security element is understood to be the phenomenon that light of a second light element passes through transparent openings of the mask layer to the viewer, which are associated with a first light element, ie an unwanted transmission of light through a transparent opening of the mask layer. This problem occurs especially when the distance between the luminescent layer and the mask layer becomes relatively large. If now an intermediate layer is inserted between the luminescent layer and the mask layer, then the translucent openings of the intermediate layer act as a kind of second luminescent layer, but now with a reduced distance to the mask layer. As a result of the reduced distance, the problem of "cross talk" can be reduced or avoided.
  • the intermediate layer is closely matched to the mask layer, e.g. in a common manufacturing process, and in the form of a layer composite / laminate used together for the production of the security element.
  • the arrangement of the translucent openings of the intermediate layer can be matched to the luminescent layer or be independent of it.
  • Such an intermediate layer can be produced, for example, in register with the mask layer, by making both layers by printing on the front and back of a film. It is also conceivable to control, in a production method, the angular and / or positionally accurate arrangement of the mask layer and intermediate layer or luminescent layer relative to one another via an image recognition, which evaluates the optical effect in the case of backlighting or switched on luminescent layer.
  • a register-accurate or register-accurate arrangement of two layers relative to one another here means a coordinated arrangement of the two layers relative to one another, in particular in the form of a positionally accurate arrangement of the two layers relative to each other.
  • such an arrangement of two layers to each other is achieved in that when applying a layer, the exact position of the other layer is detected, for example, detected by register marks, and the position of this other layer, in particular their position in one of the front. or back side of the security element or the security document spanned plane in the application of the layer is taken into account.
  • openings of the layer are arranged with exact position relative to one another, in particular when viewed in a vertical plane to the front or back of the security element or security document spanned plane covered.
  • light-scattering or luminescent elements may be arranged in the translucent openings of the intermediate layer, which scatter light incident from the luminous layer in the direction of the mask layer or emit it again under luminescence.
  • the light-scattering elements may be e.g. Made of matt, transparent materials that diffuse incident light diffusely.
  • the luminescent elements may be fluorescent and / or phosphorescent materials which absorb incident light and re-radiate it in the same or a different wavelength range, with immediate temporal and / or temporal offset. Such luminescent elements can not only be excited by a luminescent layer located behind the visible side. Alternatively, it is also conceivable that the luminescent elements from the visible side, i. E. to excite through the mask layer.
  • the at least one luminescent layer prefferably has two or more separate luminous elements, wherein these luminous elements and the at least one transparent opening of the mask layer, viewed perpendicular to the plane of the foil body, have a rectangular shape.
  • this rectangular shape is a rectangle with length m and width n, wherein the ratio m / n is greater than or equal to 2.
  • the outline of the lighting elements is identical to that of the openings; then, when the security element is tilted about the longitudinal axis of the lighting elements or openings, the light from the lighting element completely fills the associated opening in the mask layer, without any unlighted portions remaining.
  • the transparent opening of the mask layer may have a square or circular shape with the edge length or diameter m.
  • the outline of the lighting elements is identical to that of the openings.
  • the at least one luminescent layer prefferably has two or more separate luminous elements, wherein the gap between adjacent luminous elements is considerably greater than the width of the luminous elements.
  • a distance between adjacent lighting elements is about 5 times larger, preferably about 10 times larger than the width of the lighting elements. In this case, an unambiguous assignment of openings of the mask layer to a single luminous element of the luminous layer is possible.
  • the at least one luminescent layer can have two or more luminous elements which emit light in at least two different colors.
  • the use of different light colors allows additional impressive visual effects, in addition to a light-dark pattern of light given by the mask layer. For example, a viewer may perceive different colors in addition to a picture change at different viewing angles.
  • RGB red, green and blue
  • the security element is preferably a security element for identifying and increasing the security against forgery of a security document, in particular a banknote, a security, a check, a tax stamp, a postage stamp, a visa, a motor vehicle document, a ticket or a paper document, or of Identification documents (ID documents), in particular a passport or an ID card, identity card, driver's license, bank card, credit card, access control card, health insurance card or commercial product to increase the security against forgery and / or for authentication and / or traceability (track & trace) of the commercial product or any smart cards and adhesive labels.
  • ID documents in particular a passport or an ID card, identity card, driver's license, bank card, credit card, access control card, health insurance card or commercial product to increase the security against forgery and / or for authentication and / or traceability (track & trace) of the commercial product or any smart cards and adhesive labels.
  • the security document has a thickness of at most 2000 .mu.m and preferably of at most 1000 .mu.m and more preferably of at most 500 .mu.m.
  • ID1 cards have a thickness of 0.762 mm (exactly 0.03 inches) with a tolerance of ⁇ 0.08mm according to ISO 7810.
  • Limiting the overall thickness is particularly important in security documents that are subject to machine handling, such as banknotes in ATMs or money counting and sorting machines, as well as ID cards in standard readers.
  • too great a total thickness of the security document would affect the handling.
  • the security document has a thickness in the range from 20 to 200 ⁇ m and further from 50 to 200 ⁇ m, in this case preferably in the range from 50 to 140 ⁇ m and further from 85 to 140 ⁇ m, in particular from approximately 100 has ⁇ m.
  • the at least one security element can be strip-shaped or in the form of a label on the security document or can be arranged as a strip or as a label within a particularly partially transparent layer laminate.
  • the security document is printed after application of the at least one security element with at least one opaque printing ink and / or at least one opaque color coat. In a Embodiment only areas of the security element are covered with it.
  • the stiffness of the composite of security document and security element in the region of a piezoelectric energy source is to be adjusted so that the impressed force and the mechanical stress caused thereby distributed to other areas of the energy source, in particular to the entire region of the energy source, to bend the layer to produce a sufficiently high voltage for switching the luminescent layer of piezoelectric material.
  • the rigidity can generally be influenced and / or brought into the required range before or after application of the security element to the security document by targeted regional application of opaque printing ink and / or an opaque color coat and / or application of further, even full-surface transparent layers.
  • the at least one security element can be arranged on the security document or embedded in it.
  • the at least one security element is preferably applied by embossing using a transfer film or laminating film.
  • An introduction within the security document preferably takes place already during the production of the security document.
  • the security element can already be introduced into the paper during papermaking.
  • the security element can also be generated only during the integration into the banknote. For example, this can be done by hot embossing a KINEGRAM® patch with a demetallization in the arrangement of the transparent openings of the mask layer, wherein on the other side of the banknote an exactly matching intaglio print is applied.
  • this pressure In the region of the security element, this pressure has transparent openings which, in interaction with the transparent openings of the opposite mask layer, produce the desired optical effect in transmitted light.
  • this can be Security element laminated in a layer composite of the security document or applied to the surface of the security document.
  • the security element can in this case also be constructed of different sub-elements, which are laminated together during the manufacturing process.
  • the at least one mask layer is formed by a flexible, multilayer film body which is applied as a laminating film or transfer layer of a transfer film to the luminescent layer of the security element.
  • transparent intermediate layers may also be present between the luminescent layer and the multilayered foil body.
  • the masking layer and the luminescent layer are embedded between different layers of the security element.
  • Fig. 1 shows a security document 100, on the view page, a security element 1, which is to make a forgery of the security document 100, is attached.
  • the security element 1 comprises a mask layer 4 with transparent openings 41, 42 in the form of capital letters "I” and "S” and a luminescent layer 2 arranged between the mask layer 4 and the security document 100.
  • the luminescent layer has a direction perpendicular to the xy plane rectangular outline, with the longer sides running in ⁇ -direction.
  • Fig. 2 shows a section through the security element 1 along in Fig. 1 indicated line II-II.
  • the security element 1 is formed by a flexible multi-layered film body, which is fixed with its underside 12 on one side of the security document 100, for example glued by means of an adhesive layer, and with its visible side 11 to a viewer 3 of Security element 1 points.
  • the film body 1 comprises the luminescent layer 2, which can generate and emit light 20, and the mask layer 4, which completely covers the luminescent layer 2.
  • the luminescent layer 2 and the mask layer 4 are spaced apart here at a distance h.
  • the mask layer 4 comprises opaque areas 5 and transparent openings 41, 42.
  • the distance h in this case is the distance between the underside of the mask layer 4 and the upper side of the luminescent layer 2, in particular the first zones of the luminescent layer, in which this light radiates or provides.
  • This embodiment of the invention thus provides the visual effect of the so-called "image flip".
  • Fig. 3a shows a section through a security element 1, which has a luminescent layer 2, formed of a plurality of periodic luminous elements 21 and parallel thereto at a distance h, a mask layer 4, which two various arrangements 41 and 42 of holes.
  • each light-emitting element 21 is associated with an opening of each of the two arrangements 41 and 42, respectively.
  • the light-emitting elements 21 are, for example, elongate LEDs whose longitudinal axis runs perpendicular to the plane of the drawing.
  • the openings 41, 42 are likewise elongate openings with a rectangular outline whose longitudinal axis runs parallel to that of the lighting elements 21.
  • FIG. 3b A plan view of the visible side of the security element 1 of Fig. 3a is in Fig. 3b shown, wherein the non-visible through the mask layer 4 light elements 21 are indicated by dashed lines.
  • a lighting element 21 is laterally offset each associated with an opening of the arrangement 41, 42, so that a viewer 3 perceives the security element 1 perpendicular to the plane of the security element no light, but from a first angle light through the first arrangement 41 of the openings to the Eye of the beholder arrives.
  • light passes through the second array 42 of apertures to the viewer 3.
  • the first array 41 of apertures may be formed such that the light pattern indicates the viewer 3 capital letter A, while light passing through the openings of the second arrangement 42 reaches the observer 3, the observer 3 displays the capital letter B.
  • the transparent openings may comprise demetalized areas in a metallized security element having conventional optically variable effects in reflection, e.g. Hologram, Kinegram® etc, be.
  • the transparent openings may alternatively contain suitable structures which, even without demetallization, have a significantly higher transmission than structures designed for reflection. These suitable structures must increase the transmission of the metal masking layer by at least 20%, preferably by at least 90%, and more preferably by at least 200%, compared to the areas around the transparent openings. Examples for the suitable structures are so-called sub-wavelength gratings with periods below 450nm, preferably below 400nm, and depths greater than 100nm, preferably greater than 200nm.
  • FIG. 4 shows an exemplary schematic side view of a mask layer 4, which has in the openings 41 as sub-wavelength structures as described above formed relief structures 411. The pitch of the transparent openings 41 is p.
  • the mask layer 4 has relief structures 412, which generate optically variable effects in reflection, but at the same time do not increase or only insignificantly increase the transmission through the metal layer.
  • the relief structure 412 has sinusoidal gratings, mirror surfaces and / or blazed gratings whose spatial frequency is preferably between 100 and 2000 lines / mm.
  • Fig. 5a shows a plan view of the security element 1 of Fig. 3 when the luminescent layer 2 is inactive, ie does not emit or provide light.
  • the information that is present in the form of the openings of the mask layer 4 in the security element is not visible, so to speak "borrowed".
  • a metallic reflection layer of the reflection hologram 30 serves as a mask layer 4 of the security element 1.
  • Fig. 5b to 5d show optical effects of the security element when the luminescent layer 2 is active, ie emits or provides light.
  • Fig. 5b shows the optical effect of the security element 1 when viewed perpendicularly the plane of the security element 1. In this case, ie when viewed vertically, the light emitted from the luminescent layer 2 towards the viewer is blocked by opaque areas of the mask layer 4, so that the viewer does not perceive light in the area of the mask layer 4. The observer only perceives light in the region of the luminous layer 2 which is not covered by the mask layer 4.
  • the reflection hologram 30 partially covering the luminescent layer 2 is visible.
  • Fig. 5c and 5d show the optical effect of the security element 1 when viewed obliquely the plane of the security element 1.
  • the information that is present in the form of the openings 41, 42 of the mask layer 4 in the security element 1 visible.
  • the reflection hologram 30, which partially covers the luminescent layer 2 is visible.
  • Fig. 5c shows the visual effect of the security element 1 when viewed from the left: the letter "A” is visible.
  • Fig. 5d shows the optical effect of the security element 1 when viewed from the right: the letter "B" is visible.
  • the viewing angle changes different information appears, in this example either A or B, since light beams having different exit angles are respectively transmitted through the mask layer 4. Even in very darkened rooms this letter flip / picture change is easily recognizable.
  • the colors in which the information appears are determined by the luminescent layer 2, but may be changed by colored, fluorescent, phosphorescent and other layers that can cause a change in a light color and lie between the luminescent layer 2 and the viewer.
  • Fig. 6 shows a section through another security element 1.
  • the section corresponds essentially to the in FIG. 3 shown section, however, are in FIG. 6 the openings 41, 42 of different lengths, as in Fig. 7 shown.
  • the first arrangement 41 of openings comprises in the in 7a ) shown portion of the luminous element a total of three openings, which are arranged on the left side of the lighting elements 21.
  • the second arrangement 42 of openings comprises in this section a total of five short openings, which are each arranged on the right side of the lighting elements 21.
  • FIG. 6 Thus, the light passing from the light elements 21 through the short openings 42 to the eye of the observer forms a continuous, narrow band, as in FIG FIG. 7c shown.
  • a viewer accordingly perceives a change between the two images 7b and 7c. This requires a phase shift of the apertures of the second image compared to the apertures of the first image.
  • the luminous elements 21 are formed multicolored, each of the two different, different images can be displayed in a separate color, for example as a green square and a yellow stripe.
  • the security element 1 is viewed perpendicular to the plane of the security element 1, the observer does not perceive any light from the luminous elements 21.
  • the security element 1 appears to him dark, or merely perceives a security feature that is placed on the opaque areas of the mask layer 4.
  • the illustrated images ie the square and the solid stripe, represent only two arbitrary examples.
  • Other possibilities for images are, for example, texts, logos or images whose resolution depends on the grid of the luminous elements 21 and the openings 41, 42.
  • Fig. 8 shows a section through a security element 1 for the realization of a sequence of images.
  • a sequence of images is created completely analogously to an image change: instead of a change between two images A and B, a sequence of several images A, B, C, D and E is realized, which are perceivable successively when the security element is tilted from left to right, like in FIG. 8 shown around the longitudinal axis of the lighting elements 21st
  • the openings are respectively structured, ie formed either opaque or transparent, that the entirety of the openings of an array 41 to 45 generates the desired light image. If the openings, as in Fig.
  • Fig. 9 shows a security document 100, on which a luminescent layer 2 is partially covered by a reflection hologram 30, wherein a metallic reflection layer of the reflection hologram 30 simultaneously serves as a mask layer 4 for the security element 1.
  • the image sequence as already in Fig. 8 has been shown in a top view of the security document 100. The result is a sequence of capital letters A to E.
  • Fig. 10 shows a light-emitting luminescent layer in the form of a pixel matrix consisting of individual pixels 21, which emit red, green or blue light, respectively.
  • the matrix consists of lines in the x-direction and columns in the y-direction.
  • Each pixel 21 has a dimension of 0.045 mm in the x direction and 0.194 mm in the y direction in this example.
  • the pixels are arranged in a periodic grid with a period of 0.07 mm in the x-direction and 0.210 mm in the y-direction.
  • the individual pixels 21 are designed as LEDs, for example as an OLED.
  • the registration of the pixel matrix to the mask layer can also be done by software. In this case, it is measured at which combination of luminous pixels the desired effect with the mask layer is optimal.
  • the display may display a sequence of combinations of luminous pixels, with the aim that one of the combinations is as close to optimum as possible.
  • a luminescent layer in the form of a pixel matrix is a matrix arrangement of 128 ⁇ 128 pixels (RGB) with overall dimensions of the matrix of 33.8 mm ⁇ 33.8 mm.
  • a luminescent layer is a whole-area OLED.
  • OLEDs can, for example, illuminate over the whole area to 10 mm ⁇ 10 mm. Common shades of OLEDs are currently green, red or white.
  • a mask layer prefferably be arranged in the form of a film over one of the above-described luminescent layers, wherein the distance between the luminescent layer and the mask layer may be approximately 0.7 mm. A smaller distance is for most applications but more advantageous as later with reference to Fig. 22 will be explained in more detail.
  • FIG. 11 shows an embodiment of a luminescent layer 2 ( Fig. 11a ) and a mask layer 4 ( Fig. 11b) with which colored images can be created.
  • FIG. 11a shows a plan view of a matrix consisting of pixels 21, which are divided into rows in the x-direction and columns in the y-direction. The distances and dimensions correspond to those in FIG. 10 represented matrix.
  • the individual pixels are controlled in such a way that in a row only pixels of a single Color light radiate, ie in the top line only the red pixels 21 R light up in the underlying line only green pixels 21G light up, in the line below only blue pixels 21 B light up and in the bottom line, at the beginning of a new cycle, again only red pixels 21 R light up.
  • the mask layer shown has a different arrangement of openings for each of the colors R, G and B, ie for the red pixels 21 R the arrangements 41 and 42, for the green pixels 21 G the arrangements 43 and 44 and for the blue pixels the arrangements 45 and 46.
  • Fig. 12a illustrates a problem referred to as "cross-talk" in that light emitted or provided by two adjacent light-emitting elements 21a and 21b passes through the same openings 41 and 42 to a viewer 3.
  • FIG. 12a it can be seen that in the angular position A of the observer receives light from the first light-emitting element 21 a, which passes through the opening 41 to the viewer, which is associated with the first light-emitting element 21 a.
  • the observer 2 receives light from the neighboring luminous element 21b, which passes through the opening 42 to the observer 3, which is likewise assigned to the first luminous element 21a.
  • FIG. 12b shows the fact that light of the second lighting element 21b by the first lighting element 21 a associated opening 42 passes.
  • the solution is that the distance between the light elements is increased. This can be achieved, for example, by activating only every second or every third row of luminous elements 21.
  • the light-emitting element 21b has been deactivated, so that no cross-talk can occur between the two adjacent light-emitting elements 21a and 21b.
  • a cross-talk between the two luminous elements 21 a and 21 c may occur because light from the luminous element 21 c can pass through the opening 42, which is associated with the first luminous element 21 a, however, in this case the cross -talk only at a significantly larger change in the viewing angle, ie when changing the viewing angle of the position A to the position B.
  • Such a large change in the viewing angle is not unintentional, so that the risk of unwanted cross-talks is not given here
  • the distance or the period of the transparent openings can also be increased. This also has the effect of reducing the cross-talk.
  • FIG. 13a shows a plan view of a luminescent layer consisting of a grid of separate light-emitting elements 21, which are arranged uniformly in rows and columns. The dimensions and dimensions of the individual lighting elements 21 correspond to those of FIG. 10
  • FIG. 13b shows a plan view of a mask layer 4 with an array of line-shaped openings 41, which are arranged in a grid with a distance of 0.210 mm.
  • the luminescent layer 2 thus consists of light-imitating lines 21 with a pitch of 210 microns and the mask layer consists of linear window openings, also with a pitch of 210 microns.
  • a security element is formed in which the mask layer 4 is arranged above the luminescent layer 2.
  • the openings 41 of the mask layer 4 are completely parallel to the extending in the y-direction columns of the luminescent layer 2. Further, the lateral position, ie the positioning of the mask layer 4 upwards and downwards as to the left and to the right, in the Plane level aligned with the center columns 21 of the luminescent layer 2, as in FIG. 13c shown. If the angular orientation of the mask layer 4 differs only slightly from the correct position with respect to the luminescent layer 2, only a small amount of light passes through the mask layer, as in FIG. 13d shown.
  • the angular orientation of the mask layer 4 with respect to the luminescent layer 2 is better than 0.5 °, in particular better than 0.1 °.
  • FIG. 14 illustrates a problem regarding the angular separation of images.
  • Figure 14a shows a section of a security element 1 comprising a luminescent layer 2 with individual luminous elements 21 arranged at a lateral distance p and a mask layer arranged above them with a first 41 and a second 42 arrangement of openings, so that light from a luminous element 21 is at two predetermined angular positions A and B through the openings 41, 42 through to the eye a viewer 3 can get.
  • the angle ⁇ which indicates the exit angle of the light from a luminous element 21 through an associated opening 41, 42, is in addition to the lateral distance s, the openings 41, 42 associated with the luminous element 21 also from the vertical distance h between the mask layer and the Luminous layer 2 determined.
  • FIG. 14b shows such an arrangement in which the vertical distance h with respect to the in Figure 14a shown embodiment is considerably larger.
  • h 600 ⁇ m
  • the ratio s / h in the range of 1/3 to 4.
  • this problem be substantially improved when the mask layer 4 is simultaneously an electrode of the luminescent layer 2, a configuration which will be explained in more detail below.
  • the distance between the luminescent layer 2 and the mask layer 4 is significantly less than that in FIG FIG. 14b shown embodiment.
  • Fig. 15 shows in the upper part of a section of a mask layer 4, which is viewed by a viewer with a left eye 3l and a right eye 3r.
  • a luminous layer 2 with separate luminous elements 21R, 21B, each radiating or providing either red light R or blue light B.
  • These luminous elements 21 R, 21 B may be formed, for example, as an LED pixel.
  • the solid lines 31 indicate the limits of the field of vision of the eyes 3l, 3r. For the observer 3, two cylindrical objects O1, 02 seem to float in the direction of observation in front of the mask layer 4.
  • the first object O1 is red, closer to the observer 3l, 3r and smaller than the other, blue object 02, which hovers in the viewing direction to the right of the first object O1.
  • the observer 3l, 3r has the impression of a 3D image.
  • This stereoscopic image is effected by an embodiment of the mask layer 4, in which the observer's left eye 3l receives information other than his right eye 3r.
  • the dashed or solid lines 20 indicate the course of light beams of red or blue light, which passes from the light-emitting elements 21 R, 21 B through the mask layer 4 to the eyes 31, 3r of the observer.
  • Fig. 15 shows in the lower part of a plan view of the mask layer 4, wherein for ease of illustration, each associated with an eye 3l, 3r arrangement of openings 411, 42l and 41 r, 42r is shown in a separate partial image.
  • the top plan view Bl of the mask layer 4 shows the position of the openings 41l, 42l which allow light intended for the left eye 31 to pass to the left eye 3l.
  • the lower plan view Br of the mask layer 4 shows the position of the openings 41 r, 42 r, which allow light intended for the right eye 3 r to pass to the right eye 3 l.
  • the two narrower openings 41l, 41r allow red light R from red luminous elements to reach the observer, the two wider openings 42l, 42r blue light B from luminous elements illuminating blue.
  • the position of the openings 41l, 42l and 41 r, 42r on the mask layer 4 in the lower part of Fig. 15 is obtained by the intersections of the light beams 20 with the cut mask layer 4 shown in the upper part of Fig. 15 vertically in the lower part of the Fig. 15 be transmitted.
  • These transmission lines - solid or dashed - are given without reference numerals.
  • the openings 41l, 42l, 41r, 42r are thus matched with different luminous elements of a luminescent layer 2 arranged in the viewing direction behind the mask layer 4 in such a way that the left eye 3l has the partial image identified as B1 and the right eye 3r the one marked Br Subscreen appears.
  • the observer has the impression of a 3-dimensional arrangement of the two objects O1 and 02.
  • a viewing distance becomes similar the normal reading distance, so about 20 to 40 cm, assumed.
  • the arrangements for displaying 3-dimensional, i. stereoscopic images is basically analogous to the realization of an image flip ("image flip").
  • FIG. 16 shows the classic way to generate stereo images. However, it is easier to model an object in the computer and calculate the two fields perceived by the left and right eyes.
  • This procedure is schematic in FIG. 16 shown by a cube with dimensions of 20 mm x 20 mm is shown. It is assumed that the left and right eyes are 80 mm apart, and that the eyes are 300 mm away from the cube and are raised 60 mm vertically above the center of the cube.
  • FIG. 16 shows the two fields, which were calculated under these geometric conditions using the software Mathematica ® .
  • the two partial images are transferred in raster fashion to the mask layer 4, for example by demetallizing an OVD whose metallic reflection layer serves as mask layer 4.
  • the mask layer 4 receives openings at those points which allow light from the luminous elements 21 to reach the left eye 3l or the right eye 3r of a viewer, so that the respective stereoscopic field can be perceived by the observer, as shown schematically in FIG FIG. 18 shown.
  • This procedure is analogous to the calculations needed for an anaglyph image.
  • the window openings 41 of the mask layer 4 determine the pixels that are each seen by an eye 31, 3r.
  • the same challenges remain as for example cross-talk or resolution etc. for this variant as well as for the variants explained above, whereby the possible solutions are similar.
  • Fig. 19a illustrates the construction of a security element for realizing a moiré magnification effect, which is also known by the technical terms “shape moire” or "band moire".
  • a moiré magnification arrangement is realized with the following structure:
  • a revealing layer formed by a luminescent layer 2 with linear first zones 211, in which the luminescent layer 2 can emit or provide light is formed below a base layer through a mask layer 4 with periodically arranged and identical openings 41 of a particular shape.
  • the first zones 211 are here separated from each other by one or more second zones 212, in which the luminescent layer can not emit or provide light.
  • the first zones 211 are preferably each formed by one or more light-emitting elements. So shows Fig. 19a a corresponding representation in which the first zones 211 are each formed by a line-shaped light-emitting element 21, whose emission area has a linear shape, and which forms one of the first zones 211.
  • FIG. 19a shows the serving as an emitter layer luminescent layer 2 and the mask layer 4 arranged above, wherein the openings 41 of the mask layer 4 each show the letter combination OK.
  • the term "above” is to be understood as the usual convention in the direction of observation.
  • the mask layer 4 is located in the viewing direction above, ie in front of the luminous layer 2.
  • the resulting visual impression is isolated:
  • the form OK appears enlarged to a viewer, and depending on the viewing direction, an apparent movement of the form OK in the vertical direction (indicated by the arrows) results.
  • Fig. 19b shows the geometric arrangement of in FIG. 19a
  • the two layers 2 and 4 are separated from each other by a vertical distance h, the period p e of the grid according to which the first zones 211 and the luminous elements 21 of the luminous layer 2 are arranged.
  • is typically in the range of 10 to 500 microns, preferably 50 to 300 microns, for example p e 0.21 mm.
  • the raster according to which the apertures ("images") 41 of the mask layer 4 are arranged has a period p l of 0.22 mm.
  • Fig. 19b shows the openings 41 in black to simplify the geometric representation of the luminescent layer 2 and mask layer 4. It is clear that in reality, in the preferred embodiment, the openings 41 are transparent and surrounded by opaque areas.
  • the in Fig. 19b in black color areas are opaque and the surrounding areas are transparent and form the openings 41. If the luminous elements 21 of the luminous layer 2 are not active or provide no light, a viewer 3 does not perceive the images 41. Only when the luminescent layer 2 is activated and emits or provides light does the observer 3 see the word "OK". This image is formed by the light rays that leave the light-emitting elements 21 in the angular direction to the eye of the observer 3 and are transmitted through the micro-images 41.
  • Fig. 20 schematically shows optical effects of a Moiréveriererung, with the already in connection with the FIGS. 19a and 19b explained security element 1 are possible.
  • Fig. 20a shows a view of a security document 100, such as an ID card on which the security element 1 is applied.
  • the luminescent layer is inactive, ie no light is emitted or provided.
  • the information that is present in the form of the openings of the mask layer in the security element 1 not visible, virtually “hidden”.
  • This information is preferably in the form of microimages, which when illuminated by the luminescent layer can be enlarged due to the Moire Magnifier effect.
  • Fig. 20b to 20d show optical effects of the security element 1 when the luminescent layer is active, ie emits or provides light. In these cases, the information that is present in the form of the openings of the mask layer in the security element, visible.
  • Fig. 20c shows the optical effect of the security element when viewed perpendicularly the plane of the security element 1 from above.
  • Fig. 20c shows the optical effect of the security element 1, when viewed from the left
  • Fig. 20d shows the optical effect of the security element 1, when viewed from the right: with a change in the viewing angle, the information seems to move, since light beams with different exit angles are respectively transmitted through the mask layer.
  • the security element has an inverse construction to that of the figures Fig. 19a and Fig. 19b has explained structure.
  • the mask layer 4 forms the revealing layer and has, for example, a sequence of linear openings in the mask layer 4, and the luminescent layer 2 forms the base layer.
  • the luminescent layer 2 it is possible for the luminescent layer 2 to have a multiplicity of first zones in which the luminescent layer can emit or provide light and which are each shaped in the form of a microimage.
  • these first zones according to the openings 41 of the mask layer 4 after Fig. 19a are formed and surrounded by a second zone of the luminescent layer, in which the luminescent layer does not emit light or can emit or provide no light.
  • the openings in the mask layer, the linear shape of the lighting elements 21 according to Fig. 19 and thus the openings in the mask layer according to the in Fig. 19a shown sequence of first zones 211 are formed and arranged, which is based on the figures FIGS. 19a to 20d explained effect in an analogous manner.
  • Fig. 21a and Fig. 21b show a security document 100 with a security element 1, which has such a structure:
  • the security element 1 has a substrate 7, which is provided on its one side with the mask layer 4 and on the other side with a luminescent layer 2.
  • the mask layer 4 in this case has a plurality of openings 41, which as in Fig. 21 a shown have a line or strip-shaped shape and are arranged according to a periodic grid.
  • a luminescent layer 2 is provided, which has a plurality of first zones, in which the luminescent layer 2 can emit or provide light and which are each formed in the form of a microimage.
  • the first zones are also preferably arranged according to a periodic grid, for example, arranged according to a periodic one-dimensional grid.
  • the periods of the grids preferably correspond to the preceding with reference to the figures Fig. 19a and Fig. 19b explained relationships.
  • the mask layer 4 is in the embodiment after Fig. 21 a and Fig. 21b preferably formed by a printing layer, which is printed for example by intaglio printing, offset printing, gravure printing or screen printing.
  • this banknote is preferably formed such that the carrier substrate of the banknote or ID card has a transparent window which is overprinted on the one side with the mask layer 4.
  • the luminescent layer 2 is then applied, for example applied in the form of a laminating film or the transfer layer of a transfer film.
  • the light-emitting elements are preferably arranged between two layers, of which the front is transparent. Above the light-emitting elements, a print which forms the mask layer is then preferably applied, preferably applied to the upper surface of the card body.
  • the security document 100 is preferably a polymer banknote, which has as a carrier substrate a transparent plastic film, for example a BOPP film with a layer thickness between 70 and 150 ⁇ m.
  • This carrier substrate then preferably forms the substrate 7 of the security element 1.
  • This carrier substrate is then printed on both sides to provide the corresponding design of the banknote.
  • a window 101 is recessed, which, for example, the in Fig. 21a has shown strip-shaped shape and extends over the entire width of the bill.
  • the mask layer 4 as in FIG Fig. 21a shown, preferably applied by printing.
  • a film element for example a laminating film or a transfer layer of a transfer film, which provides the luminescent layer 2 in a region 102 of the security document 100 and, for example, provides another security element in a further region 103, for example a Kinegram® provides.
  • the mask layer 4 is preferably imprinted before the luminescent layer 2 is applied in order to exclude damage to the luminescent layer 2 as much as possible during the printing process.
  • Fig. 21e shows a further example of a security element 1, which is introduced into a window of a security document, in particular a banknote.
  • Both the mask layer 4 and the luminescent layer 2 are applied as a film element, for example a laminating film or a transfer layer of a transfer film.
  • Fig. 21e shows this with reference to a schematic side view of a banknote with a transparent core ie transparent Substrate 7, which optionally, as in Fig. 21e shown, may be provided with a printing layer 104, which may be formed for example by an RGB Intaglio-pressure. Visible light of an external light source, for example a white luminous ceiling lamp, illuminates the security element 1 from the rear side.
  • an external light source for example a white luminous ceiling lamp
  • the light strikes the luminescent layer 2 - eg the protective layer of a Kinegram patch - and passes the light on to the intermediate layer 6 with the transparent openings in the form of moire information.
  • the intermediate layer in this example is a metallized patch with demetallized areas forming the transparent openings.
  • the light partially penetrates the intermediate layer 6, the transparent core of the substrate (in this case a polymer bank note) and the mask layer 4 through the transparent openings, thereby producing the desired effect, eg moiré enlargements and / or movements.
  • Fig. 21f Photos of the optical effect exhibiting incident light or transmitted light viewing of the security element 1 are shown in the figures Fig. 21f and Fig. 21g shown.
  • the figure Fig. 21f shows a photo of the provided by the security element 1 optical effect in incident light observation. It is the optically variable appearance of a Kinegram® patch in reflection to see, which provides a first optical security feature 110.
  • Fig. 21g shows the optical effect of the security element 1 when viewed against a light background.
  • an optically variable effect in the form of a moire magnification of stars is visible, which provides a second optical security feature 120.
  • the mask layer 4 only in a patterned area, here in the area of a portrait, and / or the width of the openings 41 of the mask layer 4 and / or the width of the arranged between the openings 41 of the mask layer 4 portions of the mask layer for generating a Halftone to vary, as exemplified in Fig. 21c represents is.
  • the mask layer is formed in the form of a line grid, wherein the period and shape of the lines is chosen, for example, such that it interacts with the microimages formed in the luminous layer to generate the effects described above and the line width or line thickness determines the gray value of the image.
  • Fig. 21d shows a corresponding embodiment of such a mask layer.
  • the opaque areas of the mask layer 4 between the openings 41 here have a linear shape, wherein the color of the mask layer 4 along these lines in the color or hue varies, so as in Fig. 21d Generate shown multicolor image.
  • a part of these line-shaped or strip-shaped opaque areas between the openings 41 in a first color or a first hue 43 and a second part in a different second color or hue 44 is formed.
  • the luminescent layer 2 can, as already above with respect to FIGS. 19a to 20d have executed, a plurality of separate light-emitting elements, the emission area, ie the area in which the respective light emitting elements can emit or provide light, respectively forms one of the first zones, and thus each formed in the form of a microimage. Furthermore, it is also possible that the luminescent layer 2 has a mask layer which is not provided in the region of the first zones and is provided in the region of the second zone or the second zones.
  • the luminescent layer 2 has a metallic layer which is demetallized in the region of the first zones, ie is not provided there, and is provided in the region of the second zones, and thus causes the luminescent layer provided by the luminescent layer radiated light is provided or emitted only in the first zones, but is not provided or transmitted in the second zones.
  • this mask layer the Reflection layer for a security feature provided in the luminescent layer in reflection, for example, a diffractive surface relief, forms and is thus provided by the luminescent layer even an additional, eg diffractive, security feature.
  • the luminescent layer has a plurality of second zones which are each formed in the form of a microimage and are arranged according to the grid. In this case, the photomicrographs appear dark in front of a bright background in providing light through the luminescent layer.
  • the luminescent layer 2 is designed such that it provides the light incident on the rear side of the security document in the region of the first zones, so that with appropriate backlighting the above example with reference to the figures Fig. 21a to Fig. 21d explained effect is generated and in reflected light observation generated by the additional structuring of the mask layer optical information, for example, according to Fig. 21a bis- and Fig. 21g generated optical information and / or the optical information provided by the diffractive relief structure of the luminescent layer 2 becomes visible.
  • the openings of the mask layer and the first and second zones of the luminescent layer are arranged according to a periodic, one-dimensional grid. It is also also possible that the openings 41 of the mask layer 4 and the first and second zones 211 and 212 of the luminescent layer 2 according to a two-dimensional grid, or according to a geometrically transformed grid, for example, wavy or arranged radially symmetrically extending raster. Furthermore, it is also possible that these rasters are not periodic rasters and, for example, the raster width of one or both of these rasters varies in at least one spatial direction and / or the alignment between these rasters is varied. As a result, as already mentioned above, interesting optically variable effects can be generated.
  • Fig. 22 shows a section of a security element, which has a luminescent layer 2, a mask layer 4 with 2 arrangements 41, 42 of openings and between the luminescent layer 2 and the mask layer 4 arranged intermediate layer 6 with transparent openings 61.
  • the luminescent layer 2 is a full-surface non-pixellated transparent OVD or a full-area OLED, so that the intermediate layer 6 limits the light 20 emitted by the luminescent layer 2 to specific positions 61 that are matched to the mask layer 4.
  • the openings 61 of the intermediate layer 6 form, as it were, a linear arrangement of emitters tuned to the mask layer 4, which in turn emit light 20 by forwarding the light 20 obtained from the luminous layer 2 in the direction of the mask layer 4.
  • Fig. 23 schematically shows an intermediate layer 6 which is arranged between a mask layer 4 and a luminescent layer 2 present as a pixel grid 21.
  • the interlayer is useful for solving the problem of angular resolution and cross-talk with pixellated luminescent layers.
  • the reason is that the vertical distance h between the intermediate layer 6 and the mask layer 4 can be much smaller than the vertical distance H between the intermediate layer 6 and the luminous layer 2.
  • the transparent openings 61 of the intermediate layer 6 have a matt material such that the light which arrives from the luminous layer 2 at the intermediate layer 6 diffuses diffusely.
  • Fig. 24 shows a section through a security element 1, which has a luminescent layer 2 and a mask layer 4 arranged above, wherein between the luminescent layer 2 and the mask layer 4, an intermediate layer 6 is arranged with an array of transparent openings 61.
  • the mask layer 4 has an arrangement 41 of transparent openings and is realized by a pressure layer or metal layer.
  • the mask layer 4 is applied to a substrate 7, which consists for example of a plastic film.
  • the substrate 7 consists of a 23 ⁇ m thick PET film.
  • the luminescent layer 2 is arranged, which is formed for example as LEEC.
  • the luminescent layer 2 has two electrode layers 22, 23, wherein the electrode layer 22 lying toward the mask layer 4 has openings 61 and thus simultaneously acts as an intermediate layer 6.
  • the electrode layer 22 is formed as a patterned aluminum or gold electrode.
  • the first and second electrode layers 22, 23 preferably have a layer thickness in the range from 1 nm to 500 nm. In this case, the electrode layers 22, 23 may be opaque or at least locally transparent.
  • the electrodes are formed of metal
  • their layer thickness is chosen so that no or very little light can pass through the electrodes, except through the transparent openings 61.
  • the great advantage of this embodiment is that the distance h between the intermediate layer 6 and the mask layer 4 can be made very small.
  • the two electrode layers, in the areas where there are no transparent openings 61, i. where no light can escape anyway, is formed with an electrical insulator material 24 which electrically separates the two electrode layers 22, 23, e.g. by patterned pressure. As a result, unnecessary heating of the film due to light generation is avoided if the light can not leave the self-luminous luminescent layer 2 anyway.
  • the lateral distance d between the edges of a hole in the upper electrode 22 and the edge of the closest isolator 24 is in the range of 1 .mu.m to 100 .mu.m, preferably between 5 .mu.m and 20 .mu.m.
  • FIG. 25 shows a further embodiment of a security element, which in addition to a luminescent layer 2 and a mask layer 4 has an intermediate layer 6.
  • the substrate 7 is arranged, which is a substrate that absorbs, for example, blue light, for example, a colored polyethylene film (PET film) having a thickness of 23 microns.
  • the luminescent layer 2 has two electrodes 22, 23, which are formed as ITO or semitransparent Al or Ag electrodes.
  • the lower electrode 23 may also consist of an opaque Al or Ag cathode.
  • the luminescent layer 2 emits blue light which, due to the opaque electrode layer 23, can only be emitted in the direction of the mask layer 4.
  • FIG. 26 shows an embodiment of a security element 1, which from top to bottom, a mask layer 4, a UV-absorbing substrate, such as a PET film has a thickness of 23 microns, a printed fluorescent luminescent layer 2 and a UV-transmissive protective layer 9.
  • the security element 1 is irradiated from the side of the protective layer 9 ago by a UV lamp.
  • the UV light can pass through the protective layer 9 and reach the printed fluorescent luminous elements 21 of the luminous layer 2.
  • the UV light is converted into green fluorescent light which can pass through the UV absorbing substrate 7 and reach the openings 41 of the mask layer 4.
  • the pure UV light is absorbed by the substrate 7.
  • FIG 27a shows an example of a security element in which mask layer 4 and luminescent layer 2 coincide in a single layer.
  • a UV lamp 8 illuminates the security element and passes through a UV-transparent layer, for example, a 2 micron thick protective layer 9 to the combined light and mask layer 2.4.
  • This combined luminescent and mask layer 2,4 has through holes which are filled with a fluorescent material. The UV light of the UV lamp excites this material to fluoresce, so that the fluorescent light is emitted from the holes in the respective angular direction of the hole. This fluorescent light can penetrate the light-transmissive substrate 7 unhindered and thus reach an observer.
  • Fig. 27b shows a further example of a security element 1, which as a luminescent layer 2 a luminescent, in particular fluorescent or Phosphorescent layer, used.
  • a security element 1 which as a luminescent layer 2 a luminescent, in particular fluorescent or Phosphorescent layer, used.
  • both the mask layer 4 and the luminescent layer 2 are applied as a film element, for example a laminating film or a transfer layer of a transfer film, or an optional print layer 104 is applied to the substrate 7.
  • Fig. 27b shows this with reference to a schematic side view of a banknote with a transparent core, ie transparent substrate 7.
  • Light eg UV light, an external light source 25, for example a UV LED with wavelength 365 nm, illuminates the security element 1 from the visible side.
  • the UV light partially penetrates the mask layer 4, the transparent core of the substrate 7 (in this case a polymer banknote) and an intermediate layer 6, and then stimulates the luminescent layer 2.
  • the luminous layer 2 then emits light in the visible spectral range, for example green light. This radiated light penetrates through the intermediate layer 6 and the mask layer 4 through the transparent openings and thereby produces the desired effect, eg Moire magnifications and / or movements.
  • An optional mirror layer 105 behind the luminescent layer 2 further increases the intensity of the light emitted in the direction of the visible side.
  • Fig. 27c and Fig. 27d show photos of the optical effects provided by the security element 1.
  • the Figure 27c shows a photo of the security element 1 in incident light view.
  • a Reflective Kinegram® patch visible in reflection that provides a first optical security feature 110.
  • Fig. 27c shows a photograph of the optical effect provided by the security element 1 when viewed under illumination with UV light from the visible side.
  • an optically variable effect of a moire magnification of stars is visible, which provides a second optical security feature 120.
  • Fig. 28 shows a first film 4 and a second film 22, which are arranged one above the other at a distance h on the card core 10.
  • a luminescent layer 2 is arranged, which is thus located between the films and the card core.
  • one of the foils is the upper electrode 22, although this foil may also be arranged at a different position above the luminous layer 2.
  • the upper film 4 preferably provides another security element, eg in the form of a reflection hologram or a kinegram. This film 4 may either be on the upper surface of the card itself or in one of the upper layers of the card with a sufficient vertical distance to the lower film 22.
  • One of the two films 4 and 22 is patterned or partially demetallised. The security document in the form of the PCI card is produced and completed until the last step of the personalization.
  • the card 100 is thus ready for the personalization step, which is carried out by means of a high-power laser 13.
  • the energy needed to personalize such a PCI card 100 is greater than the energy needed to demetallize a metallized kinegram or metallized film.
  • the card 100 is held in a personalization station on a tilting device so that the card can be tilted very precisely to various positions A to E.
  • the card 100 is kept flat and the laser 13 is tilted.
  • the usual text information and person portraits on an ID card are personalized with the laser 13 while the card is kept flat.
  • a local blackening in a laser-sensitive film can be generated by the laser beam.
  • the laser 13 scans the card 100 and uses high energy to ablate material in the upper layer 4 to create the information.
  • the card 100 has between 2 and 7 tilt angles, for which the ablation process is carried out in each case.
  • the laser 13 carries a different pattern.
  • the great advantage of this method is that the upper mask layer 4 and the lower intermediate layer 6 are written simultaneously, so that there is a perfect register accuracy between the two.
  • the laser is positioned relatively far away from the map, so that the eyes of the observer reflect the desired viewing direction.
  • Fig. 29 1 shows the card 100, which has been completely personalized after the production step, with one having the arrangements 41 of openings in the mask layer 4 and the arrangement 61 of openings in the intermediate layer 6, which is simultaneously the upper electrode layer 22 of the luminescent layer 2.
  • This method can be used to generate 3D Photo IDs with image flip, etc., which can only be seen when the Luminous Layer 2 is active. It is important to note that personalization and customization can be realized just as easily as any other image, as this is only a matter of software control.
  • Fig. 30 shows a transfer sheet 200. It has proven useful if the formed as a film body security element 1 is provided in the form of a transfer film 200 so that an application of the security element 1 can be done on a security document 100 by means of embossing.
  • a transfer film 200 has at least one film body 1 to be transferred, wherein the at least one film body 1 is arranged on a carrier film 201 of the transfer film 200 and can be detached therefrom.
  • the transfer foil 200 has the following structure from top to bottom: a carrier foil 201, an outer protective layer 9, which is preferably formed as a transparent protective lacquer layer and whose upper side forms the visible side 11 of the security element 1, a mask layer 4, e.g. in the form of an OVD, a substrate 7, e.g. 0.2 mm thick, a luminescent layer 2, a lower protective layer 9, and an adhesive layer 14, the underside of which forms the underside 11 of the security element 1.
  • the transfer film 200 is oriented relative to a security document 100 to be marked in such a way that the adhesive layer 14 faces the security document 100 and the carrier film 201 points away from the security document 100.
  • the film body 1 can be fixed to the security document 100 by means of the adhesive layer 14, in particular in the form of a cold or hot adhesive.
  • a release layer can additionally be arranged which facilitates detachment of the film body 1 after embossing from the carrier film 201 of the transfer film 20.
  • this detachment function can also be taken over by another layer, e.g. as in the present example of the upper protective layer. 9
  • Fig. 31 shows a scheme for viewing distance z.
  • a viewer whose eye pair 3l, 3r has an eye relief e, viewed vertically from above a security element 1, which has a mask layer 4 with two arrangements 41,42 of transparent openings and a viewing direction at a distance h behind the mask layer 4 arranged luminous layer 2, formed of individual luminous elements 21 in the form of pixels.
  • a light-emitting element 21 is assigned in each case one opening of each arrangement 41, 42 of openings, wherein the observer, depending on the light exit through one of the two openings 41 and 42, perceives different images ("image flip").
  • the eyes 3l, 3r are located at a viewing distance z from the mask layer 4.

Claims (15)

  1. Elément de sécurité (1),
    sachant que l'élément de sécurité (1) présente une face visible et une face arrière faisant face à la face visible, sachant que l'élément de sécurité comprend au moins une couche luminescente (2), qui est réalisée sous la forme d'une couche luminescente auto-luminescente et qui peut émettre de la lumière (20), ainsi qu'au moins une couche de masquage (4), qui est disposée, dans le cas d'une observation de l'élément de sécurité (1) depuis la face visible, devant la couche luminescente (2) au moins au nombre de une,
    sachant que la couche de masquage (4) au moins au nombre de une présente au moins une zone (5) opaque, caractérisé en ce que la couche de masquage au moins au nombre de une présente au moins deux ouvertures (41, 42) transparentes,
    et en ce que les deux ouvertures transparentes (41, 42) ou plus détiennent un taux de transmission essentiellement plus élevé que la zone (5) opaque au moins au nombre de une par rapport à la lumière (20) émise par la couche luminescente (2) au moins au nombre de une, de préférence un taux de transmission plus élevé d'au moins 20 %, de manière particulièrement préférée un taux de transmission plus élevé d'au moins 50 %, et
    en ce que la lumière (20), qui quitte l'élément de sécurité (1) par la couche de masquage (2) selon des angles de sortie (θ1, θ2) différents fournit respectivement des informations optiques différentes.
  2. Elément de sécurité (1) selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce
    qu'un modèle de lumière, que la couche de masquage (4) affiche du fait de sa transmission différente de la lumière émise par la couche luminescente (2) au moins au nombre de une dans le cas d'une observation de l'élément de sécurité (1) depuis la face visible, fournit une première caractéristique de sécurité optique de l'élément de sécurité.
  3. Elément de sécurité (1) selon la revendication 1 ou 2,
    caractérisé en ce
    que la zone (5) opaque au moins au nombre de une de la couche de masquage (4) au moins au nombre de une, qui est réalisée de préférence sous la forme d'une marque optique variable OVD et/ou sous la forme d'une couche d'impression, fournit, dans le cas d'une observation de l'élément de sécurité (1) depuis la face visible une deuxième caractéristique de sécurité optique de l'élément de sécurité (1), sachant que les deux ouvertures (41, 42) transparentes ou plus sont réalisées de préférence sous la forme d'une zone sans métal de l'OVD ou la forme d'une zone sans impression dans la couche d'impression.
  4. Elément de sécurité (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce
    qu'au moins une couche de masquage (4) présente deux ou plusieurs ouvertures (41, 42) transparentes, lesquelles sont disposées selon une deuxième trame, et en ce que la couche luminescente (2) au moins au nombre de une présente deux ou plusieurs premières zones (211), dans lesquelles la couche luminescente (2) peut émettre de la lumière et qui sont entourées de préférence respectivement par une deuxième zone (212) ou qui sont séparées les unes des autres, dans laquelle la couche luminescente (2) ne peut émettre aucune lumière, ou en ce que la couche luminescente (2) au moins au nombre de une présente deux ou plusieurs deuxièmes zones (212), dans lesquelles la couche luminescente (2) ne peut émettre aucune lumière et qui sont entourées de préférence respectivement par une première zone (211) ou qui sont séparées les unes des autres, dans laquelle la couche luminescente (2) peut émettre de la lumière, sachant que les premières zones (211) ou les deuxièmes zones (212) sont disposées selon une première trame, sachant en particulier que les deux ou plusieurs ouvertures (41, 42) transparentes de la deuxième trame sont formées respectivement sous la forme d'une microimage, en particulier sous la forme d'un motif, d'un symbole, d'un ou de plusieurs chiffres, d'une ou de plusieurs lettres et/ou d'un microtexte, et
    sachant en particulier
    que les deux ou plusieurs premières zones (211) ou les deux ou plusieurs deuxièmes zones (212) sont formées sous la forme d'une succession de bandes ou de pixels, dans le cas d'une observation de manière perpendiculaire par rapport à un plan formé par la face visible ou par la face arrière de l'élément de sécurité.
  5. Elément de sécurité (1) selon la revendication 4,
    caractérisé en ce
    que les deux premières zones ou plusieurs premières zones (211) ou les deux deuxièmes zones ou plusieurs deuxièmes zones (212) sont formées respectivement sous la forme d'une microimage, dans le cas d'une observation de manière perpendiculaire par rapport à un plan formé par la face visible ou la face arrière de l'élément de sécurité, en particulier sous la forme d'un motif, d'un symbole, d'un ou de plusieurs chiffres, d'une ou de plusieurs lettres et/ou d'un microtexte.
  6. Elément de sécurité (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 4 ou 5,
    caractérisé en ce
    que la couche luminescente (2) au moins au nombre de une présente deux ou plusieurs éléments luminescents (21) séparés, qui présentent respectivement une zone de rayonnement, dans laquelle l'élément luminescent respectif peut émettre de la lumière, et laquelle constitue respectivement une des premières zones, et/ou
    en ce que la couche luminescente (2) présente une couche de masquage, qui n'est pas prévue dans la zone de la première zone (211) ou des premières zones (211) et qui est prévue dans la zone de la deuxième zone (212) ou des deuxièmes zones (212).
  7. Elément de sécurité (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 4 à 6,
    caractérisé en ce
    que les ouvertures (41, 42) transparentes de la deuxième trame ou les deux premières zones ou plusieurs premières zones (211) ou les deux deuxièmes zones ou plusieurs deuxièmes zones (212) de la première trame détiennent respectivement une mise en forme en forme de bande, et en ce que la largeur des ouvertures en forme de bande ou des premières ou deuxièmes zones en forme de bande varie afin de générer une image en demi-teinte, et/ou
    en ce que les ouvertures (41, 42) transparentes ou les deux premières ou deuxièmes zones ou plusieurs premières ou deuxièmes zones (211, 212) sont formées sous la forme de microimages identiques, ou en ce que les deux microimages ou plusieurs des microimages, selon lesquelles les ouvertures (41, 42) transparentes ou les premières ou deuxièmes zones (411, 412) sont formées, se distinguent les unes des autres, et/ou
    en ce que les largeurs de trame de la première trame et de la deuxième trame ne sont pas égales respectivement pour des premières zones (211) adjacentes et des ouvertures (41, 42) transparentes ou pour des deuxièmes zones (212) et des ouvertures (41, 42) transparentes et sont différentes les unes des autres de moins de 10 %, en particulier sont différentes les unes des autres de 2 % au maximum, et/ou
    en ce que la première trame et la deuxième trame sont disposées de manière tournée l'une par rapport à l'autre entre 0,5 et 25 degrés et en ce que de préférence la largeur de trame de la première trame et la largeur de trame de la deuxième trame pour des premières zones (211) adjacentes et des ouvertures (41, 42) transparentes ou pour des deuxièmes zones (212) et des ouvertures transparentes (41, 42) sont différentes l'une de l'autre de moins de 10 %, en particulier sont différentes l'une de l'autre de 2 % au maximum.
  8. Elément de sécurité selon l'une quelconque des revendications 4 à 7,
    caractérisé en ce
    que la largeur de trame de la première et/ou de la deuxième trame et/ou la rotation de la première et de la deuxième trame l'une par rapport à l'autre et/ou la mise en forme des microimages varient en continu selon une fonction de variation de paramètre dans au moins une direction spatiale,
    et/ou
    est différent, dans une première zone de l'élément de sécurité, de la largeur de trame de la première ou de la deuxième trame, de la rotation de la première et de la deuxième trame l'une par rapport à l'autre ou de la mise en forme des microimages dans une deuxième zone de l'élément de sécurité.
  9. Elément de sécurité (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce
    que la couche luminescente (2) au moins au nombre de une présente deux éléments luminescents (21) séparés ou plus, qui sont disposés dans une première trame périodique présentant une première période (pe), et en ce que la couche de masquage (4) au moins au nombre de une présente deux ouvertures (41, 42) transparentes ou plus, qui sont disposées dans une deuxième trame périodique présentant une deuxième période (pi), sachant que la première et la deuxième période (pe, pi) ne sont pas égales, mais sont toutefois similaires, sachant que la première et la deuxième période présentent entre elles en particulier un écart inférieur à 10 %, de préférence un écart inférieur à 2 %.
  10. Elément de sécurité (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce
    que la couche de masquage (4) au moins au nombre de une présente au moins deux ensembles (41, 42) d'ouvertures transparentes, sachant que la lumière (20) émise par la couche luminescente (2) au moins au nombre de une quitte l'élément de sécurité (1) par les deux ensembles (41, 42) ou plus selon respectivement des angles de sortie (θ1, θ2) différents, sachant en particulier que la lumière, qui quitte l'élément de sécurité (1) par les deux ensembles (41, 42) ou plus selon des angles de sortie (θ1, θ2) respectivement différents, constitue une séquence d'images constituée de deux images ou plus, sachant que chacune desdites images est présente à un angle de sortie (θ1, θ2) différent, et/ou sachant que la couche luminescente (2) au moins au nombre de une présente deux éléments luminescents (21) séparés ou plus disposés à la manière de modèle et que les ouvertures transparentes des deux ensembles (41, 42) ou plus sont réalisées de manière adaptée audit modèle, sachant que respectivement au moins une ouverture est associée à un élément luminescent (21), par laquelle de la lumière (20) émise par l'élément luminescent (21) quitte l'élément de sécurité (1) respectivement selon un angle de sortie (θ1, θ2) associé.
  11. Elément de sécurité (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce
    qu'est disposée, au moins en partie entre la couche luminescente (2) au moins au nombre de une et la couche de masquage (4) au moins au nombre de une, au moins une couche intermédiaire (6) opaque, qui présente au moins un ensemble (61) d'ouvertures perméables à la lumière, sachant en particulier que des éléments diffusant de la lumière ou luminescents sont disposés dans les ouvertures perméables à la lumière de la couche intermédiaire (6), lesquels diffusent depuis la couche luminescente (2) la lumière incidente en direction de la couche de masquage (4) ou la réfléchissent par luminescence.
  12. Elément de sécurité (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce
    que la couche luminescente (2) au moins au nombre de une présente deux éléments luminescents (21) séparés ou plus, sachant que lesdits éléments luminescents (21) et l'ouverture (41, 42) transparente au moins au nombre de une de la couche de masquage, vus de manière perpendiculaire par rapport au plan du corps du film, ont une forme rectangulaire, et/ou
    sachant qu'un espacement entre les éléments luminescents (21) adjacents est environ 5 fois plus grand, de manière préférée, environ 10 fois plus grand qu'une largeur des éléments luminescents (21), et/ou
    sachant que la couche luminescente (2) au moins au nombre de une présente deux éléments luminescents (21) ou plus, qui émettent de la lumière dans au moins deux couleurs différentes.
  13. Elément de sécurité (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce
    que la couche luminescente (2) au moins au nombre de une présente au moins un élément d'affichage auto-luminescent, qui peut convertir en particulier de l'énergie électrique en énergie lumineuse et qui est formé en particulier par une DEL, sachant en particulier
    qu'une électrode de l'élément d'affichage fait office de couche de masquage au moins au nombre de une ou de couche intermédiaire (6) opaque disposée entre la couche luminescente (2) au moins au nombre de une et la couche de masquage (4) au moins au nombre de une, laquelle présente au moins un ensemble (61) d'ouvertures perméables à la lumière.
  14. Document de sécurité (100), en particulier billet de banque, papier de valeur ou papier, comprenant au moins un élément de sécurité (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 13, sachant que l'élément de sécurité (1) peut être observé depuis sa face visible (11).
  15. Procédé servant à fabriquer un élément de sécurité (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 14, comprenant les étapes suivantes consistant à :
    fournir un corps de film flexible multicouche comprenant au moins une couche luminescente (2), qui peut émettre de la lumière (20), ainsi qu'au moins une couche de masquage (4), qui est disposée, dans le cas d'une observation de l'élément de sécurité (1) depuis la face visible, devant la couche luminescente (2) au moins au nombre de une ; et
    réaliser au moins deux ouvertures (41, 42) transparentes dans la couche de masquage (4) au moins au nombre de une, de sorte que la couche de masquage (4) au moins au nombre de une présente au moins une zone (5) opaque et au moins deux ouvertures (41, 42) transparentes, sachant que les deux ouvertures (41, 42) transparentes ou plus détiennent un taux de transmission essentiellement plus élevé que la zone (5) opaque au moins au nombre de une par rapport à la lumière (20) émise par la couche luminescente (2) au moins au nombre de une, de préférence un taux de transmission supérieur d'au moins 20 %.
EP12791114.7A 2011-10-27 2012-10-26 Élément de sécurité Active EP2771194B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102011117044.1A DE102011117044B4 (de) 2011-10-27 2011-10-27 Sicherheitselement
PCT/EP2012/071315 WO2013060877A1 (fr) 2011-10-27 2012-10-26 Élément de sécurité

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2771194A1 EP2771194A1 (fr) 2014-09-03
EP2771194B1 true EP2771194B1 (fr) 2015-09-30

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EP12795345.3A Active EP2771150B1 (fr) 2011-10-27 2012-10-26 Élément de sécurité
EP12791114.7A Active EP2771194B1 (fr) 2011-10-27 2012-10-26 Élément de sécurité

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EP12795345.3A Active EP2771150B1 (fr) 2011-10-27 2012-10-26 Élément de sécurité

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US (2) US9834030B2 (fr)
EP (2) EP2771150B1 (fr)
KR (1) KR102038013B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN104066550B (fr)
AU (2) AU2012328328B2 (fr)
CA (2) CA2852590C (fr)
DE (1) DE102011117044B4 (fr)
ES (1) ES2607129T3 (fr)
WO (2) WO2013060874A1 (fr)

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US9796204B2 (en) 2017-10-24
CN104066550A (zh) 2014-09-24
WO2013060874A1 (fr) 2013-05-02
KR102038013B1 (ko) 2019-10-29
DE102011117044B4 (de) 2019-05-29
US9834030B2 (en) 2017-12-05
AU2012328328A1 (en) 2014-05-08
EP2771150B1 (fr) 2016-09-14
US20140312607A1 (en) 2014-10-23
CA2852590C (fr) 2019-08-27
CA2852654C (fr) 2019-06-11
KR20140097216A (ko) 2014-08-06
CA2852654A1 (fr) 2013-05-02
CA2852590A1 (fr) 2013-05-02
AU2012328328B2 (en) 2017-03-16
CN104066550B (zh) 2017-04-12
DE102011117044A1 (de) 2013-05-02
AU2012328331B2 (en) 2016-04-21
ES2607129T3 (es) 2017-03-29
EP2771150A1 (fr) 2014-09-03
US20140300095A1 (en) 2014-10-09
AU2012328331A1 (en) 2014-05-15
EP2771194A1 (fr) 2014-09-03
WO2013060877A1 (fr) 2013-05-02

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