EP2769269A1 - Rouleau de développement avec champ magnétique croissant - Google Patents

Rouleau de développement avec champ magnétique croissant

Info

Publication number
EP2769269A1
EP2769269A1 EP12766541.2A EP12766541A EP2769269A1 EP 2769269 A1 EP2769269 A1 EP 2769269A1 EP 12766541 A EP12766541 A EP 12766541A EP 2769269 A1 EP2769269 A1 EP 2769269A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
channel
developer
feed
development roller
development
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP12766541.2A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2769269B1 (fr
Inventor
Eric Carl Stelter
Rodney Ray Bucks
Matthias Hermann REGELSBERGER
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Eastman Kodak Co
Original Assignee
Eastman Kodak Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US13/278,248 external-priority patent/US8594541B2/en
Priority claimed from US13/278,241 external-priority patent/US8699922B2/en
Application filed by Eastman Kodak Co filed Critical Eastman Kodak Co
Publication of EP2769269A1 publication Critical patent/EP2769269A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2769269B1 publication Critical patent/EP2769269B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/06—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing
    • G03G15/08—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a solid developer, e.g. powder developer
    • G03G15/09—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a solid developer, e.g. powder developer using magnetic brush
    • G03G15/0921—Details concerning the magnetic brush roller structure, e.g. magnet configuration
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G2215/00—Apparatus for electrophotographic processes
    • G03G2215/08—Details of powder developing device not concerning the development directly
    • G03G2215/0802—Arrangements for agitating or circulating developer material
    • G03G2215/0816—Agitator type
    • G03G2215/0827—Augers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G2215/00—Apparatus for electrophotographic processes
    • G03G2215/08—Details of powder developing device not concerning the development directly
    • G03G2215/0802—Arrangements for agitating or circulating developer material
    • G03G2215/0836—Way of functioning of agitator means
    • G03G2215/0838—Circulation of developer in a closed loop within the sump of the developing device

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to electrostatography, including electrography and electrophotography, and more particularly, to a development system with multiple augers for an electrophotographic printer.
  • the three channel development system used in electrophotographic printers has a development roller that moves developer containing toner into proximity with a primary imaging member, usually a photoconductor.
  • the first channel contains a feed auger, a second channel contains a second auger, a third channel contains at least a third auger, and possibly a fourth auger.
  • the primary imaging member is used for forming an electrostatic image.
  • the developer used in development systems of this type contains magnetic particles and marking particles. The marking particles are removed from the development system to form an image on the primary imaging member.
  • the flow of developer through the three channel development system is such that developer is fed from the third channel to a first end of the feed auger in the first channel. As the developer travels longitudinally down the length of the feed auger, a portion of the developer is fed transversely from the feed auger to the development roller to produce a layer of developer on the development roller. The remainder of developer in the first channel continues to travel longitudinally down the length of the feed auger.
  • the layer of developer on the development roller should be uniform along its length.
  • the developer that is fed to the development roller moves over the development roller and is not returned to the feed auger. Instead it drops into the second auger in the second channel. Consequently, the volume of developer in the first channel decreases along the length of the first channel in the direction of developer flow along the first channel.
  • Developer moves longitudinally in the same direction in both the first channel and the second channel, from the first end of the augers to the second end, which is at the rear of the development system.
  • the developer collected by the second channel and the remaining developer in the first channel are both dropped into the third channel.
  • replenishment marking particles may be added to the developer to replace the marking particles that have been applied to the primary imaging member.
  • the developer is moved longitudinally along the third channel by the third auger, or possibly by a third and forth auger acting together, toward the first end of the feed auger.
  • the developer that has traveled the length of the third channel is fed to the first end of the feed auger in the first channel, so that the developer is cycled continuously from the first channel to the development roller, from the first and second channels to the third channel, and from the third channel to the first channel while the development system is running.
  • two channel development system designs often have the characteristic that developer that has travelled over the development roller is dropped back into the channel from which it was fed to the development roller. Some of this developer will have had marking particles removed by the image. In other words, the concentration of marking particles in the developer is reduced as the developer is used for image development, returned to the feed auger, and subsequently travels down the feed auger of a two channel
  • An advantage of the three channel design compared to a two channel design is that the marking particle concentration is maintained down the length of the first channel.
  • the volume of developer in the first channel does not remain constant down its length, usually resulting in more developer on the development roller near the first end of the feed auger, where there is a relatively large volume of developer in the first channel. Near the second end of the feed auger, where there is a relatively small volume of developer, less developer is transferred to the development roller.
  • a development system for an electrophotographic printer with multiple augers contains developer, a first channel containing a feed auger, and a development roller where the radial magnetic field of the feed pole increases along the length of the development roller in the direction of developer transport in the first channel.
  • the increasing feed pole strength ensures that a uniform layer of developer is formed on the development roller despite the volume of developer in the first channel decreasing along the length of the first channel in the direction of developer flow.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an electrophotographic printer.
  • FIG. 2 is a transverse cross-sectional view of a development system for an electrophotographic printer according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a longitudinal cross-sectional schematic view of a development system for an electrophotographic printer according to an
  • FIG. 4 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the development roller, the feed auger and the first channel showing the developer level in the first channel.
  • FIG. 5A and FIG. 5B are transverse cross-sectional views of the development roller showing the magnetic field strengths.
  • FIG. 6A is an isometric view of the development roller magnet assembly.
  • FIG. 6B is a cross-sectional view of the magnet assembly near the first end of the development roller.
  • FIG. 6C is a cross-sectional view of the magnet assembly near the second end of the development roller.
  • FIG. 7A is a cross-sectional view of the developer roller magnet assembly near the first end of the development roller and shows the feed pole magnet.
  • FIG. 7B is a cross-sectional view of the developer roller magnet assembly near the second end of the development roller.
  • FIG. 7C shows the shape of the pole halfway down the length of the development roller.
  • FIG. 8A and FIG. 8B are cross-sectional views of a development roller magnet assembly wherein a plastic separator separates the feed pole bar magnet from the magnetic development roller magnet assembly core.
  • FIG. 9A and FIG. 9B show cross-sectional views of the developer roller magnet assembly where a mu-metal sheet has been added adjacent to the feed pole.
  • the present invention will be directed in particular to elements forming part of, or in cooperation more directly with the apparatus in accordance with the present invention. It is to be understood that elements not specifically shown or described may take various forms well known to those skilled in the art.
  • FIG. 1 shows an electrophotographic (EP) engine 100 or printer, often referred to as a tandem print engine including EP modules (120A, 120B, 120C, 120D, 120E, and 120F), wherein each contains a single primary imaging member 115 and a single development system (10A, 10B, IOC, 10D, 10E, and 10F) to print on receiver 111.
  • the EP printer is shown having dimensions of A x B which, in one example, are 521 x 718mm or less.
  • Development stations 10A-10D would typically contain marking particles that are typically used in most color prints.
  • marking particles of the subtractive primary colors cyan, magenta, yellow, and black would typically be contained in four of these development stations, and have typical optical densities such that a monolayer coverage (i.e. sufficient application of marking particles such that a microscopic examination would reveal a layer of marking particles covering between 60% and 100% of a primary imaging member) would have a transmission density in the primarily absorbed light color, as measured using a device such as an X-Rite Densitometer with Status A filters of between 0.6 and 1.0).
  • the additional development systems can be used to print specialty marking particles that are commonly used for many applications, selectively determined by a control element.
  • An individual operating or owning (hereafter referred to as the operator) the EP engine could control the control element and this effectively determines which specialty marking particles would print.
  • a full-color image can be made using marking particles that function as ink containing typical cyan, magenta, yellow, and black subtractive primary colorants such as pigment particles or dyes.
  • the marking particles are contained in a development system that develops an electrostatic latent image and is in proximity to a cylindrical primary imaging member or a frame of a primary imaging member in the form of a continuous web. Additional marking particles corresponding to specialty toners or inks are contained in one of a plurality of development systems, any one of which can be brought into proximity with a primary imaging member bearing an electrostatic latent image and convert that electrostatic latent image into a visible image.
  • the electrophotographic engine shown in FIG. 1 contains six print modules. Four of the modules would each contain a single development system containing marking particles of one of the four subtractive primary colors.
  • the fifth and sixth EP modules 120E and 120F are shown with development systems, each containing marking particles having the function of a distinct specialty ink that can convert an electrostatic latent image into a visible image with only that specific specialty ink.
  • the fifth development system 10E could contain clear toner.
  • other marking particles that would be commonly used throughout a variety of jobs can be contained in the fifth EP module.
  • the sixth EP module 120F is also capable of selectively printing a specialty marking particle. Images produced with specialty marking particles include transparent, raised print, MICR magnetic characters, specialty colors and metallic toners as well as other images that are not produced with the basic color marking particles.
  • the first development system, 10A may contain white toner.
  • the white toner would be the last marking particle added to the toner deposit on the intermediate transfer member (ITM) 150.
  • ITM intermediate transfer member
  • the white toner Upon transfer to the receiver 111, the white toner would be on the bottom of the toner stack against the paper and allow the formation of a subtractive colorant image on a colored paper by building the image on top of an image-wise deposit of the white toner.
  • Development systems 10B, IOC, 10D, and 10E could contain marking particles with the typical subtractive colorants and 10F could contain a second specialty toner such as clear.
  • Development systems suitable for use in this invention include dry development systems containing two component developers such as those containing both marking particles and magnetic carrier particles.
  • development systems used for two component development can have either a rotating magnetic core, a rotating shell around a fixed magnetic core, or a rotating magnetic core and a rotating magnetic shell.
  • marking particles used in practicing this invention are toner that is a component of dry developer. Marking particles are removed from the development system when images are printed. Replacement marking particles are added to the development systems 10A-10F by replenishment stations 158, each of which contains the appropriate marking particle.
  • each image is transferred, in register, to an intermediate transfer member (ITM) 150.
  • ITM intermediate transfer member
  • the ITM can be in the form of a continuous web as shown or can take other forms such as a drum or sheet. It is preferable to use a compliant intermediate transfer member, such as described in the literature, but noncompliant ITMs can also be used.
  • the receiver sheets are held in the printer at a paper tray (paper source) 105 and, in the example shown, enter the paper path 106 so as to travel initially in a counterclockwise direction. The paper could also be manually input at manual input 190 from the left side of the electrophotographic engine.
  • the printed image is transferred from the ITM to the receiver and the image bearing receiver then passes through a fuser 170 where the image is permanently fixed to the receiver.
  • the image then enters a region where the receiver either enters an inverter 162 or continues to travel counterclockwise. If the receiver enters the inverter, it travels clockwise, stops, and then travels counterclockwise back onto the duplex path 180. This inverts the image, thereby allowing the image to be duplexed.
  • a diverter 152 Prior to the inverter is a diverter 152 that can divert the receiver sheet from the inverter and send it along the paper path in a counterclockwise direction. This allows multiple passes of the receiver on the simplex side, as might be desired if multiple layers of marking particles are used in the image or if special effects such as raised letter printing using large clear toner are to be used.
  • the fuser 170 can be disabled so as to allow a simplex image to pass through the fuser without fusing. This might be the case if an expanded color balance in simple printing is desired and a first fusing step might compromise color blending during the second pass through the EP engine.
  • a fusing system that merely tacks, rather than fully fuses, an image and is known in the literature can be used if desired such as when multiple simplex images are to be produced.
  • the image can also be sent through a subsystem that imparts a high gloss to the image, as is known in the literature and is described in commonly assigned co-owned U.S. Patent Nos. 7,212,772;
  • FIG. 2 is a transverse cross-sectional view of a development system 10 for an electrophotographic printer according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • a development roller 11 is adjacent a feed auger 13 in a first channel 12.
  • the cross-sectional view of FIG. 2 shows a low volume 21 of developer 14 containing magnetic particles and marking particles 25 (not to scale), with the marking particles represented schematically as a filled-in circle and the magnetic particles as an unfilled circle.
  • the configuration of the magnetic field 27 of the development roller 11 is shown schematically inside the development roller.
  • the poles and regions around the development roller are labeled to denote the function that each pole performs.
  • the material is picked up from the first channel 12 by the magnetic field associated with the feed pole F.
  • the correct mass of developer is metered onto the development roller by the combined action of the metering pole M, the metering skive 17, and the rotation of the development roller shell, provided that an excess of developer is delivered to the metering skive.
  • the developer is transported into proximity to the PIM 115 by the action of the transport (feed) pole Tf and rotation of the development roller shell.
  • the development pole D is active in the development zone where the developer is simultaneously contacting the PIM and the development roller.
  • the developer is then transported away from the development zone by the action of the transport (return) pole Tr and the rotation of the development roller.
  • the developer falls into the second channel 15 where the radial magnetic field strength goes to zero in the stripping zone S.
  • the developer is moved to the rear of the development system by second auger 16.
  • the developer collected by the second channel 15 and the remaining developer in the first channel 12 are both dropped into the third channel 19, where at least a third auger 20 moves the developer to the front of the station, where it is fed to the first end of the feed auger 13 in the first channel 12.
  • FIG. 3 is a longitudinal cross-sectional schematic view of a development system for an electrophotographic printer according to an embodiment of the invention that shows a direction of developer flow 18 in the first channel 12 along an axis of the feed auger 32.
  • the decreasing volume of developer in the first channel 12 is indicated by the decreasing length of the arrows 18 in the direction of developer flow.
  • Uniform flow of developer over the development roller 11 is indicated by similar arrows of the same size.
  • Increasing volume of developer in the second channel 15 is indicated by the increasing length of the arrows in the direction of developer flow.
  • the arrows also indicate that developer from the first channel and the second channel is collected in the third channel 19, where it is mixed and fed to the first channel.
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a feed auger 13 and a development roller 11 shown in longitudinal cross-section.
  • the reduction in the volume of developer 14 in the first channel is indicated by the level of developer 40 and the shaded region in the drawing.
  • a weaker magnetic field is sufficient to attract the required mass of developer to the development roller.
  • the magnitude of the radial magnetic field at the feed pole position is indicated by the length of the arrows 41.
  • the increase in radial field strength allows sufficient developer to be picked up by the development roller as the developer level in the first channel decreases. If the magnetic field strength did not increase down the length of the development roller, the magnetic field would not be strong enough to pick up sufficient developer, as the magnetic field strength would be too low at the height of the reduced volume of developer.
  • FIG. 5A and FIG. 5B are transverse cross-sectional views of the development roller 11 that show the relative radial magnetic field strengths of the feed pole (F) at the first end (front of the development station) of the development roller where the level of developer in the first channel is high (FIG. 5A) and at the second end (rear of the development station) where the level of developer in the first channel is low (FIG. 5B).
  • the increase in radial magnetic field strength down the length of the development roller allows sufficient developer to be picked up from the first channel even though the level of developer in the first channel is decreasing from the first end to the second end.
  • FIGS. 6A-6C the height 51 and width 52 of the feed pole magnet 50 of the development roller magnet assembly 45 can increase from the first end of the development roller 11 where the developer level is high in the first channel to the second end of the development roller where the developer level is low in the first channel.
  • FIG. 6A is an isometric view of the development roller magnet assembly 45
  • FIG. 6B is a cross- sectional view of the magnet assembly near the first end of the development roller
  • FIG. 6C is a cross-sectional view of the magnet assembly near the second end of the development roller.
  • both the height and width of the feed pole bar magnet are changed down the length of the development roller.
  • FIG. 7A and FIG. 7B An example of such a geometry change is shown in FIG. 7A and FIG. 7B.
  • FIG. 7A is a cross-sectional view of the developer roller magnet assembly 45 near the first end of the development roller and shows the feed pole magnet 50 having a shape where one corner of the bar magnet has been removed.
  • FIG. 7B is a cross-sectional view of the developer roller magnet assembly 45 near the second end of the development roller and shows the feed pole magnet 50 having the shape of an annular sector.
  • FIG. 7C shows the shape of the pole halfway down the length of the development roller.
  • FIGS. 6A-6C and FIGS. 7A-7C illustrate two possible geometry configurations for the feed pole magnet that would change the feed pole magnetic field strength down the length of the development roller. Other geometry changes are certainly possible and within the scope of the invention.
  • FIG. 8A and FIG. 8B are cross-sectional views of a development roller magnet assembly where a plastic separator 53 is used to separate the feed pole bar magnet from the magnetic development roller magnet assembly core 54 with a separation that decreases from the first end of the development roller to the second end of the development roller.
  • FIG. 8A shows a cross-sectional view of the developer roller magnet assembly 45 at the first end of the development roller
  • FIG. 8B shows a cross-sectional view of the developer roller magnet assembly 45 at the second end of the development roller.
  • the plastic separator decreases in thickness from the first end of the development roller to the second end of the development roller.
  • FIG. 9A shows a cross-sectional view of the developer roller magnet assembly 45 at the first end of the development roller where a mu-metal sheet 55 has been added adjacent to the feed pole.
  • the mu-metal sheet will shunt the magnetic field lines of the feed pole so that they do not extend as far radially from the feed pole, thus reducing the strength of the magnetic field due to the feed pole in the first channel at the first end of the development roller.
  • the geometry of the mu-metal sheet changes down the length of the development roller so that the magnetic field strength of the feed pole increases in the first channel from the first end of the development roller to the second end of the development roller.
  • Figure 9B is a cross-sectional view of the developer roller magnet assembly 45 approximately half way down the length of the development roller.
  • the mu-metal sheet 55 at this position is approximately half the size of the mu-metal sheet at the first end of the development roller.
  • the magnetization fixture could be controlled such that the magnetic field strength of the feed pole increases from the first end of the development roller to the second end.
  • the discrete bar magnet or the continuous cylinder configuration it may be necessary to make modifications to the adjacent poles so that they retain their function as the radial magnetic field strength of the feed pole is modulated.
  • the example development roller shown in FIG. 2 it may be necessary to change the geometry or the magnetization level of the metering pole or the transport return pole so that those poles retain their function and the development roller assembly is capable of supplying a uniform layer of developer into proximity to the primary imaging member.
  • a 5-pole design was selected to support five discrete and different functions around the development roller.
  • the number of poles may be larger or smaller than the design shown.
  • a 4-pole design is typically smaller in size and would require that two of the indicated functions are collapsed into a single function, e.g. the metering zone M and the transport feeding zone Tf might be accomplished in a single pole.
  • the magnetic field between the 4-poles must be re-balanced by changing geometry and magnetization level of the magnetic poles to generate the desired radial field components capable of supplying a uniform layer of developer into the proximity to the primary imaging member.
  • the field was maximized for the development zone D with intermediate fields for the transport feed zone Tf and the metering zone M and weak field in the transport return zone Tr and no field in the stripping zone S.
  • the field in the feed zone F was varied along the lateral dimension of the development roller from a maximum to about 35% according to this invention.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Magnetic Brush Developing In Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Dry Development In Electrophotography (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système (10) de développement destiné à une imprimante électrophotographique (100) avec vis sans fin multiples et contenant un rouleau (11) de développement et un premier passage (12) contenant une vis (13) d'alimentation et du révélateur (14), la force magnétique de la tige d'alimentation du rouleau de développement augmentant dans la direction d'écoulement (18) du révélateur dans le premier passage. Cette augmentation de la force du champ magnétique de la tige (50) d'alimentation garantit la formation d'une couche uniforme de révélateur sur le rouleau de développement bien que le volume de révélateur dans le premier passage diminue suivant la longueur du premier passage dans le sens d'écoulement du révélateur.
EP12766541.2A 2011-10-21 2012-09-14 Rouleau de développement avec champ magnétique croissant Not-in-force EP2769269B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US13/278,248 US8594541B2 (en) 2011-10-21 2011-10-21 Method for transferring developer
US13/278,241 US8699922B2 (en) 2011-10-21 2011-10-21 Development roller with increasing magnetic field
PCT/US2012/055305 WO2013058905A1 (fr) 2011-10-21 2012-09-14 Rouleau de développement avec champ magnétique croissant

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2769269A1 true EP2769269A1 (fr) 2014-08-27
EP2769269B1 EP2769269B1 (fr) 2018-04-18

Family

ID=46940621

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP12766541.2A Not-in-force EP2769269B1 (fr) 2011-10-21 2012-09-14 Rouleau de développement avec champ magnétique croissant

Country Status (3)

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EP (1) EP2769269B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN103890664B (fr)
WO (1) WO2013058905A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2020131010A1 (fr) 2018-12-17 2020-06-25 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Transfert d'impression électrophotographique liquide

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JPH10275721A (ja) * 1997-03-28 1998-10-13 Kanegafuchi Chem Ind Co Ltd マグネットロール
JP4093677B2 (ja) * 1999-04-16 2008-06-04 株式会社リコー 現像装置及び画像形成装置
JP4623695B2 (ja) * 2001-03-19 2011-02-02 株式会社リコー 現像装置
JP2005077540A (ja) * 2003-08-28 2005-03-24 Kyocera Mita Corp 現像装置
US7324240B2 (en) 2004-04-30 2008-01-29 Eastman Kodak Company Color correction method with transparent toner insignia images
JP2006071732A (ja) * 2004-08-31 2006-03-16 Ricoh Co Ltd マグネットブロック、マグネットローラユニット、現像剤担持体、現像装置、プロセスカートリッジ、及び、画像形成装置
US7468820B2 (en) 2005-02-22 2008-12-23 Eastman Kodak Company Profile creation for texture simulation with clear toner
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US7687213B2 (en) 2006-08-28 2010-03-30 Eastman Kodak Company Custom color toner
US8358957B2 (en) 2006-12-27 2013-01-22 Eastman Kodak Company Selective printing of raised information by electrography
JP4842193B2 (ja) * 2007-03-30 2011-12-21 京セラミタ株式会社 現像装置
JP5326476B2 (ja) * 2008-10-08 2013-10-30 株式会社リコー 現像装置、プロセスカートリッジ及び画像形成装置
JP5387980B2 (ja) * 2009-02-06 2014-01-15 株式会社リコー 現像装置、プロセスカートリッジ、及び画像形成装置

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Title
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2013058905A1 (fr) 2013-04-25
CN103890664B (zh) 2017-05-17
CN103890664A (zh) 2014-06-25
EP2769269B1 (fr) 2018-04-18

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