EP2768726B1 - Véhicule sous-marin doté d'un système à rayonnement optique fonctionnant comme arme a rayons energetiques - Google Patents

Véhicule sous-marin doté d'un système à rayonnement optique fonctionnant comme arme a rayons energetiques Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2768726B1
EP2768726B1 EP12813738.7A EP12813738A EP2768726B1 EP 2768726 B1 EP2768726 B1 EP 2768726B1 EP 12813738 A EP12813738 A EP 12813738A EP 2768726 B1 EP2768726 B1 EP 2768726B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
radiation
underwater vehicle
optical
vehicle
mast
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EP12813738.7A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2768726A1 (fr
Inventor
Thomas Hagen
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MBDA Deutschland GmbH
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MBDA Deutschland GmbH
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63GOFFENSIVE OR DEFENSIVE ARRANGEMENTS ON VESSELS; MINE-LAYING; MINE-SWEEPING; SUBMARINES; AIRCRAFT CARRIERS
    • B63G8/00Underwater vessels, e.g. submarines; Equipment specially adapted therefor
    • B63G8/28Arrangement of offensive or defensive equipment
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63GOFFENSIVE OR DEFENSIVE ARRANGEMENTS ON VESSELS; MINE-LAYING; MINE-SWEEPING; SUBMARINES; AIRCRAFT CARRIERS
    • B63G8/00Underwater vessels, e.g. submarines; Equipment specially adapted therefor
    • B63G8/38Arrangement of visual or electronic watch equipment, e.g. of periscopes, of radar
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41WEAPONS
    • F41HARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H13/00Means of attack or defence not otherwise provided for
    • F41H13/0043Directed energy weapons, i.e. devices that direct a beam of high energy content toward a target for incapacitating or destroying the target
    • F41H13/005Directed energy weapons, i.e. devices that direct a beam of high energy content toward a target for incapacitating or destroying the target the high-energy beam being a laser beam

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an underwater vehicle with an optical radiation system.
  • submarines The classic operational profile of submarines has been the location and combat of high-quality enemy over- and underwater targets, ie enemy ships and submarines.
  • the intended for this mission submarine armaments are primarily torpedoes, which are invariably only to combat sea targets.
  • submarines today only have missile systems in which a missile is ejected hydraulically or pneumatically from a corresponding container, then brought to the surface with boosters and started there.
  • the self-defense submarines must be equipped with weapon systems that allow the crew, even without having to emerge, rapid defenses against overwater attacks, in particular also in the zenith area of the submarine.
  • submarines it is also desirable for submarines to have such resources available in such covert operations, such as the fight against piracy, smuggling, terrorism or other asymmetric threats, that allow for appropriate deployment of weapons without the need for torpedo or small targets Missiles must be attacked from the submarine, which usually does not seem appropriate and cost reasons is not justifiable.
  • the EP 1 816 761 A2 shows and describes a laser weapon system aboard a submarine, wherein the laser beam from the submarine is directed to a previously launched by the submarine unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), which is provided with a deflection mirror and directs this laser beam to a target object.
  • UAV unmanned aerial vehicle
  • the submarine must be at the water surface.
  • the US 4,021,661 A discloses a communication system for submarines in which an extendable from the submarine mast is provided at the upper end with an optical transmitting / receiving device, which can be brought to the water surface and by means of an optical communication upwards in the direction of the submarine flying aircraft can be done with a corresponding transmitting / receiving device of the aircraft.
  • the transmitting / receiving device on the mast of the submarine can also carry out the communication, if it remains just below the water surface.
  • the radiation generator of this communication system is provided inside the submarine, and the transmission of the low radiant energy required for the communication to the radiation emission device provided on the tower takes place via an optical cable.
  • the US 2008/0029015 A1 shows and describes a connected via an optical cable with a submarine buoy that serves to the water surface be located sensors and connect them via a data link connection through the optical cable with the submerged submarine.
  • the US 5,677,506 A shows and describes a submarine with an extendable tower, which is equipped with a remote-controlled firearm and target sensors.
  • This extendable tower is designed to allow the submarine crew to fight targets with firearms from a submerged position.
  • a LIDAR target acquisition and tracking system At the top of the extendable tower is a LIDAR target acquisition and tracking system.
  • Object of the present invention is therefore to provide an underwater vehicle with a weapon system, which is ready to use quickly in defense of the underwater vehicle and which also can be used as an offensive weapon against smaller targets on the water or on land from submerged submersible.
  • the optical radiation active system of this underwater vehicle has a radiation generator for generating high-energy radiation, a radiation emission device for the high-energy radiation and a radiation transmission device for the high-energy radiation connecting the radiation generator with the radiation emission device.
  • the radiation generator is provided on or in the underwater vehicle and the radiation emission device can be brought from the underwater vehicle to the water surface and positioned there.
  • the radiation generator generates high-energy laser radiation, preferably in the infrared range.
  • the radiation energy in submerged submerged vehicle can be emitted by the surface located on the water emission emitter without the underwater vehicle must emerge.
  • a beam weapon is low in signature, so that the weapon is not or only extremely difficult to detect before and after the emission of the radiation.
  • the emission of the radiation from the radiation emission device is noise-free, so that the radiation source is acoustically not locate.
  • an underwater vehicle equipped with such an optical radiation system thus receives completely new self-defense capabilities and new tactical deployment capabilities.
  • the optical radiation control system provided in the underwater vehicle according to the invention can be used without loss of time, ie immediately after detection of a threat.
  • takeoff preparations of a missile or its transfer to the water surface from another submersible require a certain amount of time. This can also be detected automatically by means of sensors. This quick response capability can give valuable time to assess the situation and the timing of the latest possible deployment, even against rapidly moving targets, is shifting further into the future.
  • optical radiation systems such as shooting ability as long as electrical energy is present (so-called "deep magazine”), the loss of ammunition along with the associated supply / disposal logistics, the lack of need to provide ammunition security, pinpoint, scalable and immediate verifiable effect and the minimum cost per shot are also in the underwater vehicle according to the invention to bear.
  • An advantageous embodiment of the underwater vehicle according to the invention is characterized in that the underwater vehicle is equipped with at least one extendable mast and that the radiation emission device is provided in the region of the free end of the extendable mast.
  • the radiation emission device can be brought to the water surface quickly and without great delay by means of the mast. Also, a complete emergence of the underwater vehicle for this is not required.
  • Another advantageous embodiment of the underwater vehicle according to the invention is characterized in that the underwater vehicle is equipped with a separate daughter vehicle, which is connected via a connecting device to the underwater vehicle, that the radiation emission device is provided in the subsidiary vehicle and that at least a portion of the radiation transmission device in the connecting device provided or connected to this.
  • a significant advantage is that the underwater vehicle can remain completely submerged when using the optical radiation control system and only the subsidiary vehicle has to be deposited on the water surface.
  • the mechanical and optoelectronic connection between the underwater vehicle and the subsidiary vehicle floating on the water surface can be substantially longer than is the case with the variant with the radiation emission device provided on an extendable mast.
  • the transmission of the optical Radiation by the radiation transmission device for example by optical fibers, which can be integrated into a drag cable forming the mechanical connection device, can be carried out without problems and without significant energy losses even at high power over distances of a few hundred meters.
  • the subsidiary vehicle is designed as a tow buoy. It does not require its own drive for the subsidiary vehicle, as this is pulled on the mechanical connection device, for example on trailing cable behind the underwater vehicle. It is particularly advantageous if the subsidiary vehicle is provided with a stabilization platform on which the radiation emission device is arranged. By means of this stabilized platform, the radiation emission device is stabilized against the self-movement of the floating subsidiary vehicle, so that a reliable alignment with a target is made possible.
  • This stabilization can be carried out by integrating a position-detecting orientation system into the subsidiary vehicle, it being possible to use the navigation devices which are generally present anyway for the coarse alignment of the radiation direction for the position-recognizing orientation.
  • the radiation transmission device extends at least partially inside the mast.
  • the radiation transmission device is formed by an optical conductor or has at least one optical conductor.
  • optical conductor preferably optical fibers exhibiting, optical conductor can be carried as an optical transmission cable inside the periscope during extension of the periscope to the water surface and with his other End be connected directly to the provided in the underwater radiator.
  • At least the part of the radiation transmission device running inside the mast can be formed by a free optical transmission path.
  • the radiation generator is provided in the interior of the pressure hull of the underwater vehicle. There it is protected not only against the pressure acting on the dive water pressure, but by the generally made of metal pressure body against external electromagnetic interference.
  • the radiation emission device is provided with a, preferably optical or electro-optical, sighting device.
  • a, preferably optical or electro-optical, sighting device In this way, the clearing and sighting of the target can be done directly from the location of the radiation emitter and it does not require a second periscope or Optronikmasts of which the target from a, if only a small other angle would be considered.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic longitudinal section through a tower section of an underwater vehicle 1.
  • This underwater vehicle 1 is a manned submarine, but it can also be an unmanned remote-controlled submarine.
  • the underwater vehicle is provided with an outer wall 10, of which in the illustration of Fig. 1
  • the outer wall 10 defines the pressure body 12 of the underwater vehicle 1, which is designed to support the pressure prevailing under water and the pressure forces acting on the wall of the pressure body 12.
  • Two intermediate decks 13, 14 are provided on the pressure body 12.
  • a tower 16 is mounted on the pressure body 12 on the upper side of the pressure body 12.
  • a mast 18 is provided in the tower 16 and extends in a manner known per se into the pressure body 12 of the underwater vehicle 1
  • the mast 18 is telescopically extendable out of the tower 16, as is common in submarine masts and symbolically represented by the arrow 18 ', Furthermore, the mast 18 is pivotable about its vertical longitudinal axis in a conventional manner the double arrow 18 "symbolizes.
  • Fig. 1 illustrated underwater vehicle 1 is provided with an optical radiation control system 2 further explained below.
  • the optical radiation active system 2 comprises a radiation generator 20, which in the example shown is formed by a solid-state laser which emits optical radiation in the infrared wavelength range.
  • This solid-state laser is designed as a high-energy laser and is able to emit a high radiation power, which is sufficient, for example, to produce a focal point of a few hundred meters to a few kilometers away, which has temperatures of a few hundred degrees Celsius, or in the case of a pulsed laser leads to material removal due to non-thermal interaction.
  • the powers that can be coupled into a single fiber today reach the range of 10 kW and more.
  • a further increase in performance is possible by means of several individual fibers / lasers.
  • the temperatures in the focal spot formed by the laser on the target object depend inter alia on the power output and the exposure time. Temperatures of a few hundred degrees Celsius (for example, 500 ° C up to 1000 ° C and even more) can be achieved after a short time, for example after a few seconds.
  • Such a solid-state laser can be designed as a diode-pumped high-power solid-state laser, for example as a fiber laser or disk laser.
  • the optical radiation control system 2 further has a radiation emission device 22, which is provided in the region of the upper free end of the mast 18.
  • a power supply 25 provides the required for the operation of the radiation generator 20 electrical power.
  • Modern underwater vehicles today already have powerful fuel cell systems for power generation, which are provided in addition to the conventional diesel-electric generators and the accumulators powered by these. These power plants provide sufficient electrical energy, for example, to be able to supply a powerful solid-state laser as a radiation generator 20 with an electrical power of a few 10 kW to 100 kW for periods of a few minutes. Also underwater vehicles with nuclear electric drives are able to provide sufficient electrical energy for the required period of operation of the radiation generator 20.
  • Such high-energy generators require a cooling device 26, which is also provided in the underwater vehicle 1 and which is able to provide the cooling power during the operation of the high-energy radiation generator 20.
  • the heat given off to the coolant of the cooling device 26 during the operation of the high-energy radiation generator 20 can be released to the surrounding seawater. This heat release can take place during the operation of the radiation generator 20 or it can be carried out with a time delay.
  • the optical radiation active system 2 has a control unit 27, which is likewise provided in the interior of the underwater vehicle 1.
  • Fig. 2 a section of the submarine submerged at Sehrohrianae 1 with extended mast 18 is shown.
  • the mast 18 is extended so far upwards that arranged at the upper free end of the mast 18 radiation emitter 22 is located above the water surface W.
  • a high-energy optical beam S for example an infrared laser beam, is emitted by a beam-directing system 22 'of the radiation-emitting device 22.
  • the radiation transmission device 24 is formed by an optical conductor 24 'which optically connects the radiation generator 20 with the radiation emission device 22.
  • the infrared laser radiation generated by the radiation generator 20 embodied as a solid-state laser is thus guided through the optical conductor 24 ', which has one or more optical waveguides, to the radiation emission device 22 and emitted there to a potential target as laser radiation S.
  • Fig. 3 a modified variant is shown, in which the radiation transmission device 24 is formed by a free optical transmission path 24 ", which is shown schematically as a dashed line of the beam path in the optical transmission path deflection mirror 23 and optical imaging elements 23 ', 23" are provided For example, are formed by lens systems.
  • the functioning of in Fig. 3 The alternative shown is basically the same as that in FIG Fig. 2 shown embodiment, only with the difference that the transmission of the high-energy laser radiation generated by the radiation generator 20 to the radiation emitter 22 on the way of the free optical transmission path 24 "takes place.
  • FIG Fig. 4 An alternative embodiment of the underwater vehicle 1 according to the invention is shown in FIG Fig. 4 shown.
  • the tower 16 designed as a towing buoy subsidiary vehicle 3, which can be discontinued from the underwater vehicle 1 and by means of a trained as a tow connecting device 30 (FIG. Fig. 5 ) Is mechanically connected to the underwater vehicle 1, so that the underwater vehicle 1 can pull the daughter vehicle 3 behind her.
  • the subsidiary vehicle 3 is provided with a floating body 32, which ensures that the subsidiary vehicle 3 ascends to the water surface W and floats there when the connection device 30 is sufficiently long.
  • the radiation emitting device 22 which is mounted on the subsidiary vehicle 3 so as to be rotatable about a vertical axis so that the optical beam S emitted from it can be aligned with a target.
  • the Strahlrichtsystem 22 ' as in the first embodiment, not only be pivoted about the vertical axis of the radiation emitter 22, but also be pivoted by suitable means about a horizontal axis.
  • the radiation emission device 22 or at least its beam directing system 22 ' is fastened to the subsidiary vehicle 3 by means of a stabilization platform 34, which is shown only schematically in the figures, and ensures that the radiation emission device 22 or at least its beam directing system 22' is stabilized around all three spatial axes even when the subsidiary vehicle 3 is moving , As a result, accurate targeting is possible even with moving water surface.
  • a radiation transmitter 28 formed by an optical conductor which is integrated into or attached to the connector 30 and thus connected thereto.
  • the radiation generator 20 is as in the in the Fig. 1 to 3 shown first embodiment inside the pressure hull 12 of the underwater vehicle 1 is provided.
  • the core of the present invention is thus an optical radiation active system, for example a laser active system based on high-power solid-state lasers, for example diode-pumped fiber lasers to install a submersible for soft and semi-hard targets against self-protection of the submersible against immediate near-range threats or against targets under covert operations control conditions.
  • the underwater vehicle may be a manned or unmanned submarine.
  • the radiation emission device of the radiation system is provided with a beam directing system, which is mounted either on an extendable Optronikmast of the underwater vehicle or on a connected to the underwater vehicle 1 subsidiary vehicle 3.
  • the radiation source formed by the radiation generator 20 and any auxiliary devices are arranged in the protected pressure body of the underwater vehicle 1, wherein the transmission of optical radiation between the radiation generator 20 and the beam directing system 22 'of the radiation emitter 22 either via an optical conductor (optical fibers ) or also directly optically in the form of an inverted periscope.
  • the radiation emitter device 22 it is not necessary that an independent Optronik mast 18 is provided for the attachment of the radiation emission device 22; Rather, it is also possible to arrange the radiation emitter device 22 on a mast carrier of an underwater vehicle serving another purpose, for example on a mast intended for receiving communication systems. Because of the nature of the optical radiation beam system 2, there are no effects on antenna or radar systems of the underwater vehicle 1 to be expected. In addition, the optical radiation active system 2 according to the invention, even in the partially submerged state, is largely resistant to electronic disruptive measures, since the sensitive, complex parts of the optical radiation control system 2, for example the control unit 27, are provided inside the underwater pressure body 12 of the underwater vehicle 1.
  • optical radiation control system 2 is also provided with suitable provisions which reliably prevent self-laser irradiation of both the hull of the underwater vehicle 1 and other exposed components such as masts or antennas.
  • the alignment of the optical beam S to a target is effected by a substantially optical sensor system assigned to the optical radiation active system 2.
  • the control of the beam direction of the optical beam S may also be supported by reconnaissance and fire control devices, some of which are already present on underwater vehicles, such as radar or Optronic masts.
  • the existing reconnaissance and Feuerleit boots are suitably connected to the controller 27 of the optical radiation system 2 for data exchange.
  • the underwater vehicle 1 can be both a manned underwater vehicle (submarine), an unmanned underwater vehicle (UUV), an underwater robot or an underwater drone.
  • manned underwater vehicle the control of that vehicle and the monitoring of its environment may be carried out in a known manner from another vessel, land or air via remote underwater communication means.

Claims (8)

  1. Véhicule sous-marin (1) comprenant un système à rayonnement optique (2) formant une arme à rayons énergétiques,
    - dans lequel le système à rayonnement (2) présente un générateur de rayonnement (20) destiné à générer un rayonnement à haute énergie, un moyen d'émission de rayonnement (22) pour le rayonnement à haute énergie et un moyen de transmission de rayonnement (24 ; 28) pour le rayonnement à haute énergie et qui relie le générateur de rayonnement (20) au moyen d'émission de rayonnement (22) ; et
    - dans lequel le générateur de rayonnement (20) est prévu sur ou dans le véhicule sous-marin (1),
    caractérisé en ce
    que le véhicule sous-marin (1) est équipé d'au moins un mât déployable (18) et en ce que le moyen d'émission de rayonnement (22) est prévu au niveau de l'extrémité libre du mât déployable (18), le moyen d'émission de rayonnement (22) pouvant être transféré depuis le véhicule sous-marin (1) immergé à la surface de l'eau (W) et y être positionné au-dessus de la surface de l'eau (W) .
  2. Véhicule sous-marin selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce
    que le moyen de transmission de rayonnement (24) s'étend au moins par sections à l'intérieur du mât (18).
  3. Véhicule sous-marin selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce
    que le moyen de transmission de rayonnement (24) est formé d'un conducteur optique (24') ou présente au moins un conducteur optique (24').
  4. Véhicule sous-marin selon la revendication 2 ou 3, caractérisé en ce
    qu'au moins la partie du moyen de transmission de rayonnement (24) s'étendant à l'intérieur du mât (18) est formée par une trajectoire de transmission optique libre (24").
  5. Véhicule sous-marin selon une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce
    que le générateur de rayonnement (20) est prévu à l'intérieur du corps sous pression (12) du véhicule sous-marin (1).
  6. Véhicule sous-marin selon une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce
    que le moyen d'émission de rayonnement (22) est doté d'un moyen de visée de préférence optique ou électro-optique.
  7. Véhicule sous-marin (1) comprenant un système à rayonnement optique (2) formant une arme à rayons énergétiques,
    - dans lequel le système à rayonnement (2) présente un générateur de rayonnement (20) destiné à générer un rayonnement à haute énergie, un moyen d'émission de rayonnement (22) pour le rayonnement à haute énergie et un moyen de transmission de rayonnement (24 ; 28) pour le rayonnement à haute énergie et qui relie le générateur de rayonnement (20) au moyen d'émission de rayonnement (22) ; et
    - dans lequel le générateur de rayonnement (20) est prévu sur ou dans le véhicule sous-marin,
    caractérisé en ce
    - que le véhicule sous-marin (1) est équipé d'un véhicule fille (3) qui peut être séparé de celui-ci, et qui est relié au véhicule sous-marin (1) par le biais d'un dispositif de liaison (30), et le véhicule fille (3) est configuré sous la forme d'une bouée tractée,
    - en ce que le moyen d'émission de rayonnement (22) est prévu dans le véhicule fille (3), et
    - en ce qu'au moins une section du moyen de transmission de rayonnement (28) est prévue dans le dispositif de liaison ou est relié à celui-ci, dans lequel le moyen d'émission de rayonnement (22) peut être transféré depuis le véhicule sous-marin (1) immergé à la surface de l'eau (W) et y être positionné au-dessus de la surface de l'eau (W).
  8. Véhicule sous-marin selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce
    que le véhicule fille (3) est doté d'une plateforme de stabilisation (34) sur laquelle le moyen d'émission de rayonnement (22) est disposé.
EP12813738.7A 2011-10-19 2012-10-18 Véhicule sous-marin doté d'un système à rayonnement optique fonctionnant comme arme a rayons energetiques Active EP2768726B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102011116288A DE102011116288B4 (de) 2011-10-19 2011-10-19 Unterwasserfahrzeug mit einem optischen Strahlenwirksystem
PCT/DE2012/001011 WO2013056693A1 (fr) 2011-10-19 2012-10-18 Véhicule sous-marin doté d'un système à rayonnement optique

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2768726A1 EP2768726A1 (fr) 2014-08-27
EP2768726B1 true EP2768726B1 (fr) 2018-09-19

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ID=47556987

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP12813738.7A Active EP2768726B1 (fr) 2011-10-19 2012-10-18 Véhicule sous-marin doté d'un système à rayonnement optique fonctionnant comme arme a rayons energetiques

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US9045210B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2768726B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102011116288B4 (fr)
ES (1) ES2698270T3 (fr)
IL (1) IL232121B (fr)
SG (1) SG11201401105RA (fr)
WO (1) WO2013056693A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102013008407B3 (de) 2013-05-16 2014-07-17 Mbda Deutschland Gmbh Vorratsmodul zum Versorgen eines Wirksystems sowie Wirksystem mit Vorratsmodul

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2288671A1 (fr) * 1974-06-18 1976-05-21 Thomson Csf Radar pour sous-marin
US4021661A (en) * 1975-05-01 1977-05-03 International Telephone And Telegraph Corporation Submarine optical communication system with fiber optic depth compensator
GB8828680D0 (en) * 1988-12-08 2000-10-04 British Aerospace Underwater detection system
US5677506A (en) * 1996-12-30 1997-10-14 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Submarine extendible turret system
DE10151597C1 (de) * 2001-10-18 2003-05-15 Howaldtswerke Deutsche Werft System und Verfahren zur Erkennung und Abwehr von Laserbedrohungen und Unterwasserobjekten für Unterwasserfahrzeuge
DE10330174B3 (de) * 2003-07-04 2004-11-04 Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft Ag Unterseeboot
US7249567B1 (en) 2004-12-20 2007-07-31 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Submarine short-range defense system
US7953326B2 (en) * 2006-02-06 2011-05-31 Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Systems and methods for underwater optical communication
US20070183783A1 (en) * 2006-02-07 2007-08-09 Raytheon Company Netted communication and weapons system for littoral warfare
US7559288B2 (en) * 2007-07-30 2009-07-14 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Recoverable optical fiber tethered buoy assembly

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US9045210B2 (en) 2015-06-02
US20140245942A1 (en) 2014-09-04
DE102011116288A1 (de) 2013-04-25
EP2768726A1 (fr) 2014-08-27
IL232121B (en) 2018-02-28
IL232121A0 (en) 2014-05-28
ES2698270T3 (es) 2019-02-01
WO2013056693A1 (fr) 2013-04-25
SG11201401105RA (en) 2014-09-26
DE102011116288B4 (de) 2013-09-19

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