EP2767599B1 - Method for operating a heat treatment line - Google Patents

Method for operating a heat treatment line Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2767599B1
EP2767599B1 EP13186929.9A EP13186929A EP2767599B1 EP 2767599 B1 EP2767599 B1 EP 2767599B1 EP 13186929 A EP13186929 A EP 13186929A EP 2767599 B1 EP2767599 B1 EP 2767599B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
temperature
component
station
heat treatment
temperature control
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EP13186929.9A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2767599A1 (en
Inventor
Georg Frost
Werner Morgenroth
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Benteler Automobiltechnik GmbH
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Benteler Automobiltechnik GmbH
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Priority to DE102013022292.3A priority Critical patent/DE102013022292B4/en
Priority to DE102013113119.0A priority patent/DE102013113119B4/en
Priority to CN201310664738.3A priority patent/CN103993137A/en
Priority to US14/180,106 priority patent/US20140224388A1/en
Publication of EP2767599A1 publication Critical patent/EP2767599A1/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/0056—Furnaces through which the charge is moved in a horizontal straight path
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/62—Quenching devices
    • C21D1/673—Quenching devices for die quenching
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/0062—Heat-treating apparatus with a cooling or quenching zone

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for operating a heat treatment line according to the features in the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • the hot forming and press hardening technology has been standardized for years, whereby a sheet metal plate heated to austenitizing temperature is inserted into a forming tool, is hot formed in this forming tool and is simultaneously quenched in the forming tool and thereby hardened.
  • chamber furnaces are known that can be arranged in an assembly hall to save space. Such a chamber furnace is limited in its holding capacity, so that it can essentially only hold one component at a time. If the possibility of further processing is now interrupted, for example a manipulator for loading the chamber furnace has failed, the production process comes to a standstill, so that the components sometimes remain in the chamber furnace for a longer period of time.
  • the chamber furnaces are heated to above the austenitizing temperature and therefore require a high amount of energy to operate the furnace itself.
  • WO 2010/127837 A2 a method for heat treatment of a metal blank is shown in which the component is successively heated more intensely in at least two, preferably three heat treatment stages, so that austenitization takes place in the last heat treatment stage.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to show a possibility of more efficient heat treatment of metal components, taking up less space in an assembly hall, compensating for production fluctuations and optimizing energy consumption.
  • a heat treatment line for the production of a heat-treated, in particular precoated metal component according to the method according to the invention, a heating station being provided which at least in some areas heats the metal component to a component temperature above the austenitizing temperature and a temperature control station is provided, the temperature control station having an internal temperature at least in some areas which corresponds essentially to a temperature of the metal component.
  • a heating station is thus initially provided in the heat treatment line, which can preferably be designed as a chamber furnace, alternatively also as a rotary furnace or continuous furnace.
  • the component is heated to the desired component temperature.
  • This component temperature is particularly preferably set above the austenitizing temperature and is therefore between 800 ° C and 1000 ° C, in particular between 850 ° C and 950 ° C.
  • At least this austenitizing temperature is generated in regions in the component with the heat treatment line according to the invention.
  • the remaining areas of the component then remain at a temperature below the austenitizing temperature.
  • the internal temperature of the heating station should therefore be set above this temperature.
  • the internal temperature of the heating station must be set significantly above the component temperature.
  • the temperature within the heating station is therefore preferably between 1000 ° C to 1300 ° C, in particular 1100 ° C to 1200 ° C.
  • the internal temperature of the heating station should be selected from 5 to 30% above the component temperature, preferably 10 to 25% above the component temperature.
  • the heating station can in particular be designed as a furnace with a burner.
  • the components thus heated to the component temperature are then removed from the heating station and, according to the invention, in a temperature control station convicted.
  • the temperature control station is designed as an intermediate station in order to maintain the component temperature set in the component itself, at least in certain areas. In the temperature control station itself, the component temperature is then maintained at least in some areas, whereas the unheated areas are correspondingly below the component temperature. In this case, it is then possible that an internal temperature preferably prevails in the temperature control station which corresponds to the component temperature itself. As an alternative to this, it is possible that an internal temperature prevails in the temperature control station which is set slightly above, in particular between 0 and 10%, very particularly preferably between 1 and 5% above the component temperature.
  • the tempering station If production fluctuations occur in further processing after the tempering station or already at the heating station, for example due to failure of a heating station or failure of a manipulator for transferring the components between the individual stations, it is possible with the tempering station according to the invention that a buffer of to be heated metal components is built, the buffer makes it possible that the entire production does not necessarily have to be interrupted. Maintenance work can therefore be carried out, whereby production can initially continue due to the metal components located in the temperature control station. For this purpose, in normal production there are always between 40 and 60% of the possible components to be picked up within the temperature control station. This ensures that in the event of a failure of the production line after the temperature control station, components can initially still be transferred from the heating station to the temperature control station. If the production line before the If the temperature control station fails, components for further production are initially still stored within the temperature control station.
  • the temperature control station itself is particularly preferably designed as a continuous furnace.
  • the advantage over the prior art is that the temperature control station does not have to have lengths of several dozen meters as a conventional continuous furnace so that the component is heated to a temperature over the period of time to be transported, but only to the temperature is held. It is therefore possible to design the temperature control station as a continuous furnace only a few meters long. In the context of the invention, it is also possible in the continuous furnace, for example by means of sealing bulkheads or the like, to keep the component temperature to be produced in the temperature control station only in certain areas.
  • both the temperature control station and the heating station are therefore suitable for only partially heat treating the metal components.
  • a metal component is to be understood in particular as a circuit board, the metal component also being able to be treated as a three-dimensionally shaped metal component with the heat treatment line according to the invention.
  • Pre-coated materials for example a board with a metallic coating, can also be used with particular preference.
  • the temperature control station itself to be designed as a chamber furnace, with several chamber furnaces being stored one above the other and / or next to one another. It is then possible, by using a manipulator, in particular in the form of an industrial robot, to equip the multiple chamber furnaces in the temperature control station or to remove the components that are temperature-controlled there.
  • a manipulator in particular in the form of an industrial robot
  • the component in the chamber furnace or in the rotary furnace described below, it is in turn possible for the component to be tempered to the correspondingly desired component temperature, at least only in areas, in the tempering station. Again, it is possible here to keep other areas cool or colder than the component temperature, for example by means of supports in the form of cooling plates or through partition walls, sealing bulkheads or insulation.
  • the temperature control station itself is preferably designed as a rotary furnace.
  • it offers the advantage that the rotary kiln can be loaded with the aid of just one manipulator.
  • the rotary kiln is designed in particular in such a way that it has several receiving options for metal components one above the other and radially circumferentially next to one another. An empty chamber of the temperature control station can then be filled by the manipulator.
  • a cooling station is connected downstream of the temperature control station.
  • the components heated to above austenitizing temperature are removed from the tempering station and then quench hardened in the cooling station. This can be done, for example, with the aid of a shower or shower, so that the component is guided through a sprayed-on cooling medium.
  • the cooling station it is possible for the cooling station to be designed as an immersion bath, so that the component is removed and immersed in the cooling station.
  • the material of the component undergoes a structural transformation such that the austenitic structure is converted into an essentially martensitic structure.
  • the cooling station can also be a hot forming and press hardening tool within the scope of the invention.
  • the correspondingly heat-treated component is then transferred from the temperature control station to the hot-forming tool, where it is hot-formed and then press-hardened.
  • the component is only austenitized in certain areas, then press hardening is only carried out in certain areas, whereas the areas that have not been tempered are not completely austenitized and are therefore not completely hardened. These have a rather ductile component property.
  • the method according to the invention for operating the heat treatment line according to the aforementioned features wherein the heat treatment line is operated in such a way that an internal temperature prevails in the heating station which is above the component temperature and in the temperature control station a Inside temperature prevails, which corresponds to the component temperature.
  • An internal temperature is set within the heating station that is between 1000 ° C and 1300 ° C, in particular between 1100 ° C and 1200 ° C, and the internal temperature of the temperature control station is between 800 ° C and 1000 ° C, preferably between 850 and 950 ° C .
  • the temperature control station is used as a buffer in order to compensate for downtime and / or interruptions in production at the heating station and / or at the cooling station.
  • a particularly advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention has proven to be when the metal component is removed from the heating station at an actual component temperature of 700 ° C to 1100 ° C, preferably 800 ° C to 1000 ° C, in particular 850 ° C to 950 ° C and is then reheated at least in some areas in the temperature control station to above the austenitizing temperature, in particular to the component temperature, particularly preferably at least 900 ° C. It is also possible to reheat the entire component to over 900 ° C in the subsequent temperature control station. This results in an overall shortened running time that the pre-coated metal component needs to realize on the corresponding heat treatment line when producing an at least regionally homogeneous intermetallic alloy coating.
  • an aluminum-silicon coating for example, is used as a metallic pre-coating on the metal component to be heat-treated, in particular hot-formed and press-hardened.
  • the heating phase can be further shortened in terms of time if a metal component is produced with a pre-alloyed metallic precoating.
  • Pre-alloyed is to be understood as meaning that before the heating station, especially at the steel producer, a heat treatment is carried out Diffusion processes between the steel substrate and the elements of the metallic coating is carried out.
  • FIG. 1 shows a heat treatment line 1 according to the invention for the production of heat-treated metal components.
  • the heat treatment line 1 has a heating station 2 in the form of three adjacent chamber furnaces 3 as well as a temperature control station 4 downstream of the heating station 2.
  • the temperature control station 4 itself is designed as a roller hearth oven 5, so that the roller hearth oven 5 has a receiving side 6 with a receiving opening, not shown, as well as a Has removal side 7 with a removal opening not shown.
  • the temperature control station 4 is followed by a cooling station 8, for example in the form of an immersion bath. Between the individual stations, an industrial robot 9 is used, which transfers the metal components, not shown in detail, between the individual stations.
  • FIG. 2 shows an alternative embodiment variant, the heat treatment line 1 again having a heating station 2 in which chamber furnaces 3 are arranged next to one another.
  • the temperature control station 4 itself is designed in the form of a rotary furnace 10, which can be freely rotated in the direction of rotation D, in order to transfer individual components from the heating station 2 to the heating station 2 via an industrial robot 9 To transfer rotary kiln 10 and, after a certain storage time within the rotary kiln 10, to remove it therefrom and to supply it to the cooling station 8.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Wärmebehandlungslinie gemäß den Merkmalen im Oberbegriff von Patentanspruch 1.The present invention relates to a method for operating a heat treatment line according to the features in the preamble of patent claim 1.

Im Kraftfahrzeugbau ist es bekannt, zur Herstellung von Karosseriebauteilen und Kraftfahrzeugstrukturbauteilen die Bauteile selbst als Blechumformbauteile aus einer Stahllegierung herzustellen. Hierzu wird eine Blechplatine in einer Umformpresse zu einem Blechumformbauteil hergestellt.In motor vehicle construction it is known to produce the components themselves as sheet metal components from a steel alloy for the production of body components and motor vehicle structural components. For this purpose, a sheet metal blank is produced in a forming press to form a sheet metal component.

Es ist ferner bekannt, diese Blechumformbauteile aus hochfesten oder gar höchstfesten Stahllegierungen herzustellen, wobei die mechanische Widerstandsfähigkeit, insbesondere die Festigkeit sowie die Duktilitätseigenschaft gegenüber Bauteilen aus konventionellem Stahl deutlich erhöht sind.It is also known to manufacture these formed sheet metal components from high-strength or even extremely high-strength steel alloys, the mechanical resistance, in particular the strength and the ductility property, being significantly increased compared to components made from conventional steel.

Zur Herstellung von gehärteten Blechumformbauteilen ist seit Jahren die Warmumform- und Presshärtetechnologie standardisiert, wobei eine auf Austenitisierungstemperatur erwärmte Blechplatine in ein Umformwerkzeug eingelegt wird, in diesem Umformwerkzeug warmumgeformt wird und gleichzeitig in dem Umformwerkzeug abgeschreckt und dadurch gehärtet wird.For the production of hardened sheet metal parts, the hot forming and press hardening technology has been standardized for years, whereby a sheet metal plate heated to austenitizing temperature is inserted into a forming tool, is hot formed in this forming tool and is simultaneously quenched in the forming tool and thereby hardened.

Zur Härtung von Bauteilen ist es ferner möglich, das Bauteil zunächst umzuformen, im Anschluss auf über Austenitisierungstemperatur zu erwärmen und daran anknüpfend wiederrum das Bauteil zu erfassen und in einer Abschreckstation derart schnell abzukühlen, dass das Werkstoffgefüge des Bauteils gehärtet wird. Eine solche Vorrichtung ist beispielsweise aus der DE 102 009 051 157 B4 bekannt.To harden components, it is also possible to first reshape the component, then heat it to above the austenitizing temperature and then again grasp the component and cool it in a quenching station so quickly that the material structure of the component is hardened. Such a device is for example from the DE 102 009 051 157 B4 known.

Hieraus sind Kammeröfen bekannt, die platzsparend in einer Montagehalle angeordnet werden können. Ein derartiger Kammerofen ist in seiner Aufnahmekapazität jedoch beschränkt, so dass er im Wesentlichen immer nur ein Bauteil aufnehmen kann. Wird nunmehr die Weiterverarbeitungsmöglichkeit unterbrochen, ist beispielsweise ein Manipulator zum Bestücken des Kammerofens ausgefallen, so kommt es zu einem Stocken im Produktionsablauf, so dass mitunter die Bauteile in den Kammeröfen für einen längeren Zeitraum verbleiben. Die Kammeröfen sind dabei auf über Austenitisierungstemperatur aufgeheizt und benötigen daher einen hohen Energieverbrauch zum Betreiben des Ofens selber.From this, chamber furnaces are known that can be arranged in an assembly hall to save space. Such a chamber furnace is limited in its holding capacity, so that it can essentially only hold one component at a time. If the possibility of further processing is now interrupted, for example a manipulator for loading the chamber furnace has failed, the production process comes to a standstill, so that the components sometimes remain in the chamber furnace for a longer period of time. The chamber furnaces are heated to above the austenitizing temperature and therefore require a high amount of energy to operate the furnace itself.

Aus der EP 2 365 100 A1 sowie der EP 2 548 975 A1 sind Wärmebehandlungsanlagen sowie Verfahren zur Wärmebehandlung bekannt, wobei die Platine zunächst auf Austenitisierungstemperatur erwärmt wird und dann in einem Zwischenpuffer einer nachfolgenden Wärmebehandlungsanlage gezielt partiell gekühlt wird.From the EP 2 365 100 A1 as well as the EP 2 548 975 A1 Heat treatment systems and methods for heat treatment are known, the blank being first heated to austenitizing temperature and then being selectively and partially cooled in an intermediate buffer of a subsequent heat treatment system.

Aus der WO 2010/127837 A2 ist ein Verfahren zum Wärmebehandeln einer Metallplatine aufgezeigt, bei der in mindestens zwei, bevorzugt drei Wärmebehandlungsstufen sukzessive das Bauteil stärker erwärmt wird, so dass in der letzten Wärmebehandlungsstufe eine Austenitisierung stattfindet.From the WO 2010/127837 A2 a method for heat treatment of a metal blank is shown in which the component is successively heated more intensely in at least two, preferably three heat treatment stages, so that austenitization takes place in the last heat treatment stage.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es daher, eine Möglichkeit aufzuzeigen, Metallbauteile effizienter wärmezubehandeln, wobei ein geringer Platzbedarf in einer Montagehalle eingenommen wird, Produktionsschwankungen ausgeglichen werden und der Energieverbrauch optimiert wird.The object of the present invention is therefore to show a possibility of more efficient heat treatment of metal components, taking up less space in an assembly hall, compensating for production fluctuations and optimizing energy consumption.

Der verfahrenstechnische Teil der Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß mit einem Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Wärmebehandlungslinie gemäß den Merkmalen im Patentanspruch 1 gelöst.The procedural part of the object is achieved according to the invention with a method for operating a heat treatment line according to the features in claim 1.

Vorteilhafte Ausführungsvarianten der vorliegenden Erfindung sind Gegenstand der abhängigen Patentansprüche.Advantageous embodiment variants of the present invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

Nachfolgend beschrieben ist eine Wärmebehandlungslinie zur Herstellung eines wärmebehandelten, insbesondere vorbeschichteten Metallbauteils, nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren, wobei eine Erwärmungsstation vorgesehen ist, die das Metallbauteil zumindest bereichsweise auf eine Bauteiltemperatur oberhalb der Austenitisierungstemperatur erwärmt und eine Temperierstation vorgesehen ist, wobei die Temperierstation zumindest bereichsweise eine Innentemperatur aufweist, die im Wesentlichen einer Temperatur des Metallbauteils entspricht.The following describes a heat treatment line for the production of a heat-treated, in particular precoated metal component, according to the method according to the invention, a heating station being provided which at least in some areas heats the metal component to a component temperature above the austenitizing temperature and a temperature control station is provided, the temperature control station having an internal temperature at least in some areas which corresponds essentially to a temperature of the metal component.

Erfindungsgemäß ist in der Wärmebehandlungslinie somit zunächst eine Erwärmungsstation vorgesehen, die bevorzugt als Kammerofen, alternativ auch als Drehofen oder Durchlaufofen ausgebildet sein kann. In der Erwärmungsstation wird das Bauteil auf die gewünschte Bauteiltemperatur erwärmt. Diese Bauteiltemperatur ist besonders bevorzugt oberhalb der Austenitisierungstemperatur angesetzt und beträgt mithin somit zwischen 800°C und 1000°C, insbesondere zwischen 850°C und 950°C. Zumindest wird diese Austenitisierungstemperatur mit der erfindungsgemäßen Wärmebehandlungslinie bereichsweise in dem Bauteil erzeugt. Die übrigen Bereiche des Bauteils sind dann auf einer Temperatur unterhalb der Austenitisierungstemperatur verbleibend. Mithin ist die Innentemperatur der Erwärmungsstation oberhalb diese Temperatur anzusetzen. Sofern eine besonders schnelle Aufwärmzeit des Metallbauteils herbeigeführt werden soll, ist die Innentemperatur der Erwärmungsstation deutlich oberhalb der Bauteiltemperatur einzustellen. Mithin beträgt die Temperatur innerhalb der Erwärmungsstation bevorzugt zwischen 1000°C bis 1300°C, insbesondere 1100°C bis 1200°C.According to the invention, a heating station is thus initially provided in the heat treatment line, which can preferably be designed as a chamber furnace, alternatively also as a rotary furnace or continuous furnace. In the heating station, the component is heated to the desired component temperature. This component temperature is particularly preferably set above the austenitizing temperature and is therefore between 800 ° C and 1000 ° C, in particular between 850 ° C and 950 ° C. At least this austenitizing temperature is generated in regions in the component with the heat treatment line according to the invention. The remaining areas of the component then remain at a temperature below the austenitizing temperature. The internal temperature of the heating station should therefore be set above this temperature. If a particularly fast warm-up time for the metal component is to be brought about, the internal temperature of the heating station must be set significantly above the component temperature. The temperature within the heating station is therefore preferably between 1000 ° C to 1300 ° C, in particular 1100 ° C to 1200 ° C.

Relativ zu der Bauteiltemperatur ist die Innentemperatur der Erwärmungsstation 5 bis 30% oberhalb der Bauteiltemperatur zu wählen, bevorzugt 10 bis 25% oberhalb der Bauteiltemperatur. Die Erwärmungsstation kann dabei insbesondere als Ofen mit einem Brenner ausgebildet sein.Relative to the component temperature, the internal temperature of the heating station should be selected from 5 to 30% above the component temperature, preferably 10 to 25% above the component temperature. The heating station can in particular be designed as a furnace with a burner.

Die so auf die Bauteiltemperatur erwärmten Bauteile werden dann aus der Erwärmungsstation entnommen und erfindungsgemäß in eine Temperierstation überführt. Die Temperierstation ist dabei als Zwischenstation ausgeführt, um die in dem Bauteil selbst eingestellte Bauteiltemperatur zumindest bereichsweise zu halten. Auch in der Temperierstation selber wird dann die Bauteiltemperatur zumindest bereichsweise gehalten, wohingegen die nichterwärmten Bereiche entsprechend unterhalb der Bauteiltemperatur liegen. Hierbei ist es dann möglich, dass in der Temperierstation bevorzugt eine Innentemperatur vorherrscht, die der Bauteiltemperatur selbst entspricht. Alternativ dazu ist es möglich, dass in der Temperierstation eine Innentemperatur vorherrscht, die geringfügig oberhalb, insbesondere zwischen 0 und 10%, ganz besonders bevorzugt zwischen 1 und 5% oberhalb der Bauteiltemperatur eingestellt ist. Somit ist es möglich innerhalb der Temperierstation die Bauteiltemperatur für einen längeren Zeitraum zu halten. Ein unter Umständen aufgrund von Produktionsschwankungen nicht vollständig im Inneren des Materials austenitisiertes Bauteil wird weiterhin innerhalb der Temperierstation auf der Bauteiltemperatur gehalten, so dass durch Wärmeleitung innerhalb des Bauteils selbst eine vollständige Austenitisierung stattfindet. Dadurch, dass die Innentemperatur der Temperierstation nicht höher, insbesondere nicht deutlich höher als die Bauteiltemperatur selbst gewählt ist, ist die Temperierstation im Vergleich zu der Erwärmungsstation mit geringeren Energiekosten zu betreiben.The components thus heated to the component temperature are then removed from the heating station and, according to the invention, in a temperature control station convicted. The temperature control station is designed as an intermediate station in order to maintain the component temperature set in the component itself, at least in certain areas. In the temperature control station itself, the component temperature is then maintained at least in some areas, whereas the unheated areas are correspondingly below the component temperature. In this case, it is then possible that an internal temperature preferably prevails in the temperature control station which corresponds to the component temperature itself. As an alternative to this, it is possible that an internal temperature prevails in the temperature control station which is set slightly above, in particular between 0 and 10%, very particularly preferably between 1 and 5% above the component temperature. This makes it possible to maintain the component temperature for a longer period of time within the temperature control station. A component that may not be completely austenitized inside the material due to production fluctuations will continue to be kept at the component temperature within the temperature control station, so that complete austenitization takes place within the component itself through thermal conduction. Because the internal temperature of the temperature control station is not selected to be higher, in particular not significantly higher than the component temperature itself, the temperature control station can be operated with lower energy costs compared to the heating station.

Treten nunmehr in der Weiterverarbeitung nach der Tempereristation oder aber bereits bei der Erwärmungsstation Produktionsschwankungen auf, beispielsweise durch Ausfall einer Erwärmungsstation oder aber durch Ausfall eines Manipulators zum Transfer der Bauteile zwischen den einzelnen Stationen, so ist es mit der erfindungsgemäßen Temperierstation möglich, dass ein Puffer von zu erwärmenden Metallbauteilen aufgebaut ist, wobei der Puffer es ermöglicht, das die gesamte Produktion nicht zwangsläufig unterbrochen werden muss. Es können mithin Wartungsarbeiten durchgeführt werden, wobei durch die in der Temperierstation befindlichen Metallbauteile die Produktion zunächst weiterlaufen kann. Hierzu befinden sich bei normaler Produktion immer zwischen 40 und 60% der möglichen aufzunehmenden Bauteile innerhalb der Temperierstation. Hierdurch wird sichergestellt, dass im Falle eines Ausfalls der Produktionslinie nach der Temperierstation zunächst noch Bauteile von der Erwärmungsstation in die Temperierstation transferiert werden können. Wenn die Produktionslinie vor der Temperierstation ausfällt, sind zunächst immer noch Bauteile zur weiteren Produktion innerhalb der Temperierstation gelagert.If production fluctuations occur in further processing after the tempering station or already at the heating station, for example due to failure of a heating station or failure of a manipulator for transferring the components between the individual stations, it is possible with the tempering station according to the invention that a buffer of to be heated metal components is built, the buffer makes it possible that the entire production does not necessarily have to be interrupted. Maintenance work can therefore be carried out, whereby production can initially continue due to the metal components located in the temperature control station. For this purpose, in normal production there are always between 40 and 60% of the possible components to be picked up within the temperature control station. This ensures that in the event of a failure of the production line after the temperature control station, components can initially still be transferred from the heating station to the temperature control station. If the production line before the If the temperature control station fails, components for further production are initially still stored within the temperature control station.

Besonders bevorzugt ist die Temperierstation hierzu selbst als Durchlaufofen ausgebildet. Der Vorteil gegenüber dem Stand der Technik ist jedoch, dass die Temperierstation nicht als herkömmlicher Durchlaufofen Längen von mitunter mehreren Dutzend Metern aufweisen muss, damit das Bauteil die durch den Durchlaufofen über den zu transportierenden Zeitraum, auf eine Temperatur erwärmt wird, sondern nur auf der Temperatur gehalten wird. Mithin ist es möglich, die Temperierstation als Durchlaufofen nur wenige Meter lang auszubilden. Im Rahmen der Erfindung ist es auch in dem Durchlaufofen möglich, beispielsweise durch Dichtschotts oder ähnliches nur bereichsweise die herzustellende Bauteiltemperatur in der Temperierstation zu halten. Auch ist es im Rahmen der Erfindung möglich durch beispielsweise entsprechende Aufleger, insbesondere in Form von Kühlplatten und/oder Abschirmplatten, Bereiche nicht auf über Austenitisierungstemperatur zu bringen. Im Rahmen der Erfindung sind somit sowohl die Temperierstation als auch die Erwärmungsstation dazu geeignet die Metallbauteile nur partiell wärmezubehandeln.For this purpose, the temperature control station itself is particularly preferably designed as a continuous furnace. The advantage over the prior art, however, is that the temperature control station does not have to have lengths of several dozen meters as a conventional continuous furnace so that the component is heated to a temperature over the period of time to be transported, but only to the temperature is held. It is therefore possible to design the temperature control station as a continuous furnace only a few meters long. In the context of the invention, it is also possible in the continuous furnace, for example by means of sealing bulkheads or the like, to keep the component temperature to be produced in the temperature control station only in certain areas. Within the scope of the invention, it is also possible, for example, by means of appropriate supports, in particular in the form of cooling plates and / or shielding plates, not to bring areas to above the austenitizing temperature. In the context of the invention, both the temperature control station and the heating station are therefore suitable for only partially heat treating the metal components.

Im Rahmen der Erfindung ist unter einem Metallbauteil insbesondere eine Platine zu verstehen, wobei das Metallbauteil auch als bereits dreidimensional geformtes Metallbauteil mit der erfindungsgemäßen Wärmebehandlungslinie behandelbar ist. Weiterhin besonders bevorzugt können auch vorbeschichtete Materialien, beispielsweise eine Platine mit einer metallischen Beschichtung eingesetzt werden.In the context of the invention, a metal component is to be understood in particular as a circuit board, the metal component also being able to be treated as a three-dimensionally shaped metal component with the heat treatment line according to the invention. Pre-coated materials, for example a board with a metallic coating, can also be used with particular preference.

Alternativ dazu ist es im Rahmen der Erfindung auch möglich, dass die Temperierstation selbst als Kammerofen ausgebildet ist, wobei mehrere Kammeröfen übereinander und/oder nebeneinander gelagert sind. Mithin ist es dann möglich, durch Verwendung eines Manipulators, insbesondere in Form eines Industrieroboters, die mehreren Kammeröfen in der Temperierstation zu bestücken bzw. die dort temperierten Bauteile zu entnehmen. Auch in dem Kammerofen oder aber in dem nachfolgend beschriebenen Drehofen ist es wiederum möglich, dass das Bauteil in der Temperierstation zumindest nur bereichsweise auf die entsprechend gewünschte Bauteiltemperatur temperiert wird. Auch hier ist es wiederum möglich beispielsweise durch Aufleger in Form von Kühlplatten oder aber durch Zwischenwände, Dichtschotts oder aber eine Isolierung andere Bereiche kühl bzw. kälter als die Bauteiltemperatur zu halten.As an alternative to this, it is also possible within the scope of the invention for the temperature control station itself to be designed as a chamber furnace, with several chamber furnaces being stored one above the other and / or next to one another. It is then possible, by using a manipulator, in particular in the form of an industrial robot, to equip the multiple chamber furnaces in the temperature control station or to remove the components that are temperature-controlled there. In the chamber furnace or in the rotary furnace described below, it is in turn possible for the component to be tempered to the correspondingly desired component temperature, at least only in areas, in the tempering station. Again, it is possible here to keep other areas cool or colder than the component temperature, for example by means of supports in the form of cooling plates or through partition walls, sealing bulkheads or insulation.

Weiterhin bevorzugt ist die Temperierstation selbst als Drehofen ausgebildet. Sie bietet wiederum den Vorteil, dass ein Bestücken des Drehofens mit Hilfe nur eines Manipulators möglich ist. Der Drehofen ist insbesondere derart ausgebildet, dass er mehrere Aufnahmemöglichkeiten für Metallbauteile übereinander sowie radial umlaufend nebeneinander aufweist. Eine jeweils leere Kammer der Temperierstation kann dann durch den Manipulator bestückt werden.Furthermore, the temperature control station itself is preferably designed as a rotary furnace. In turn, it offers the advantage that the rotary kiln can be loaded with the aid of just one manipulator. The rotary kiln is designed in particular in such a way that it has several receiving options for metal components one above the other and radially circumferentially next to one another. An empty chamber of the temperature control station can then be filled by the manipulator.

Weiterhin bevorzugt ist dann in der erfindungsgemäßen Wärmebehandlung vorgesehen, dass der Temperierstation eine Abkühlstation nachgeschaltet ist. Die auf über Austenitisierungstemperatur erwärmten Bauteile werden aus der Temperierstation entnommen und dann in der Abkühlstation abschreckgehärtet. Dies kann beispielsweise mit Hilfe einer Brause bzw. Dusche erfolgen, so dass das Bauteil durch ein aufgesprühtes Kühlmedium geführt wird. Alternativ dazu ist es möglich, dass die Abkühlstation als Tauchbad ausgebildet ist, so dass das Bauteil entnommen wird und in die Abkühlstation eingetaucht wird. Hierbei erfährt der Werkstoff des Bauteils eine derartige Gefügeumwandlung, dass das austenitische Gefüge in ein im Wesentlichen martensitisches Gefüge überführt wird. Die Abkühlstation kann im Rahmen der Erfindung auch eine Warmumform- und Presshärtewerkzeug sein. Das entsprechend wärmebehandelte Bauteil wird sodann aus der Temperierstation in das Warmumformwerkzeug transferiert und hier warmumgeformt und anschließend pressgehärtet. Insbesondere bei nur bereichsweise Austenitisierung des Bauteils erfolgt dann auch nur eine bereichsweise Presshärtung, wobei demgegenüber die Bereiche die nicht temperiert wurden, nicht vollständig austenitisiert sind und somit auch nicht vollständig gehärtet sind. Diese weisen eine eher duktile Bauteileigenschaft auf.It is then also preferably provided in the heat treatment according to the invention that a cooling station is connected downstream of the temperature control station. The components heated to above austenitizing temperature are removed from the tempering station and then quench hardened in the cooling station. This can be done, for example, with the aid of a shower or shower, so that the component is guided through a sprayed-on cooling medium. Alternatively, it is possible for the cooling station to be designed as an immersion bath, so that the component is removed and immersed in the cooling station. Here, the material of the component undergoes a structural transformation such that the austenitic structure is converted into an essentially martensitic structure. The cooling station can also be a hot forming and press hardening tool within the scope of the invention. The correspondingly heat-treated component is then transferred from the temperature control station to the hot-forming tool, where it is hot-formed and then press-hardened. In particular, if the component is only austenitized in certain areas, then press hardening is only carried out in certain areas, whereas the areas that have not been tempered are not completely austenitized and are therefore not completely hardened. These have a rather ductile component property.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zum Betreiben der Wärmebehandlungslinie gemäß den zuvor genannten Merkmalen, wobei die Wärmebehandlungslinie derart betrieben wird, dass in der Erwärmungsstation eine Innentemperatur vorherrscht, die oberhalb der Bauteiltemperatur ausgebildet ist und in der Temperierstation eine Innentemperatur vorherrscht, die der Bauteiltemperatur entspricht. Innerhalb der Erwärmungsstation wird eine Innentemperatur eingestellt, die zwischen 1000°C und 1300°C, insbesondere zwischen 1100°C und 1200°C liegt und die Innentemperatur der Temperierstation beträgt zwischen 800°C und 1000°C, bevorzugt zwischen 850 und 950°C.The method according to the invention for operating the heat treatment line according to the aforementioned features, wherein the heat treatment line is operated in such a way that an internal temperature prevails in the heating station which is above the component temperature and in the temperature control station a Inside temperature prevails, which corresponds to the component temperature. An internal temperature is set within the heating station that is between 1000 ° C and 1300 ° C, in particular between 1100 ° C and 1200 ° C, and the internal temperature of the temperature control station is between 800 ° C and 1000 ° C, preferably between 850 and 950 ° C .

Weiterer Bestandteil des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ist, dass die Temperierstaton als Puffer verwendet wird, um Ausfallzeit und/oder Produktionsunterbrechungen an der Erwärmungsstation und/oder an der Abkühlstation auszugleichen.Another component of the method according to the invention is that the temperature control station is used as a buffer in order to compensate for downtime and / or interruptions in production at the heating station and / or at the cooling station.

Im Rahmen der Erfindung ist es insbesondere möglich ein Metallbauteil mit einer metallischen Vorbeschichtung zumindest bereichsweise wärmezubehandeln, so dass zumindest bereichsweise eine intermetallische Phase hergestellt wird.In the context of the invention, it is particularly possible to heat-treat a metal component with a metallic precoating at least in some areas, so that an intermetallic phase is produced at least in some areas.

Als erfindungsgemäß besonders vorteilige Ausgestaltungsvariante des Verfahrens hat sich dabei erwiesen, wenn das Metallbauteil bei einer Ist-Bauteiltemperatur von 700°C bis 1100°C, bevorzugt 800°C bis 1000°C, insbesondere 850°C bis 950°C aus der Erwärmungsstation entnommen wird und anschließend zumindest bereichsweise in der Temperierstation auf über Austenitisierungstemperatur, insbesondere auf die Bauteiltemperatur besonders bevorzugt bei mindestens 900°C nacherwärmt wird. Auch ist es möglich, das gesamte Bauteil dann in der anschließenden Temperiertstation auf über 900°C nachzuerwärmen. Es ergibt sich hierdurch eine insgesamt verkürzte Laufzeit, die das vorbeschichtete Metallbauteil auf der entsprechenden Wärmebehandlungslinie bei Herstellung einer zumindest bereichsweisen homogenen intermetallischen Legierungsbeschichtung benötigt zu realisieren. Insbesondere wird beispielsweise eine Aluminium-Siliziumbeschichtung als metallische Vorbeschichtung an dem wärmezubehandelnden, insbesondere warmumzuformenden und presszuhärtenden Metallbauteil genutzt. Im Rahmen der Erfindung kann die Erwärmungsphase zeitlich weiter verkürzt werden, wenn ein Metallbauteil mit einer vorlegierten metallischen Vorbeschichtung hergestellt wird. Unter vorlegiert ist zu verstehen, dass bereits vor der Erwärmungsstation insbesondere beim Stahlproduzenten eine Wärmebehandlung mit Diffusionsvorgängen zwischen Stahlsubstrat und den Elementen der metallischen Beschichtung durchgeführt wird.A particularly advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention has proven to be when the metal component is removed from the heating station at an actual component temperature of 700 ° C to 1100 ° C, preferably 800 ° C to 1000 ° C, in particular 850 ° C to 950 ° C and is then reheated at least in some areas in the temperature control station to above the austenitizing temperature, in particular to the component temperature, particularly preferably at least 900 ° C. It is also possible to reheat the entire component to over 900 ° C in the subsequent temperature control station. This results in an overall shortened running time that the pre-coated metal component needs to realize on the corresponding heat treatment line when producing an at least regionally homogeneous intermetallic alloy coating. In particular, an aluminum-silicon coating, for example, is used as a metallic pre-coating on the metal component to be heat-treated, in particular hot-formed and press-hardened. In the context of the invention, the heating phase can be further shortened in terms of time if a metal component is produced with a pre-alloyed metallic precoating. Pre-alloyed is to be understood as meaning that before the heating station, especially at the steel producer, a heat treatment is carried out Diffusion processes between the steel substrate and the elements of the metallic coating is carried out.

Weitere Vorteile, Merkmale, Eigenschaften und Aspekte der vorliegenden Erfindung sind Gegenstand der nachfolgenden Beschreibung. Bevorzugte Ausführungsvarianten werden in den schematischen Figuren dargestellt. Diese dienen dem einfachen Verständnis der Erfindung. Es zeigen:

Figur 1
eine erfindungsgemäße Wärmebehandlungslinie mit einer Temperierstation in Form eines Rollenherdofens und
Figur 2
eine erfindungsgemäße Wärmebehandlungslinie mit einer Temperierstation in Form eines Drehofens.
Further advantages, features, properties and aspects of the present invention are the subject of the following description. Preferred design variants are shown in the schematic figures. These serve for a simple understanding of the invention. Show it:
Figure 1
a heat treatment line according to the invention with a temperature control station in the form of a roller hearth furnace and
Figure 2
a heat treatment line according to the invention with a temperature control station in the form of a rotary kiln.

In den Figuren werden für gleiche oder ähnliche Bauteile dieselben Bezugszeichen verwendet, auch wenn eine wiederholte Beschreibung aus Vereinfachungsgründen entfällt.In the figures, the same reference numerals are used for the same or similar components, even if a repeated description is omitted for reasons of simplicity.

Figur 1 zeigt eine erfindungsgemäße Wärmebehandlungslinie 1 zur Herstellung von wärmebehandelten Metallbauteilen. Die Wärmebehandlungslinie 1 weist eine Erwärmungsstation 2 in Form von drei nebeneinanderliegenden Kammeröfen 3 auf sowie eine der Erwärmungsstation 2 nachgeschaltete Temperierstation 4. Die Temperierstation 4 selbst ist als Rollenherdofen 5 ausgebildet, so dass der Rollenherdofen 5 eine Aufnahmeseite 6 mit einer nicht näher dargestellten Aufnahmeöffnung sowie eine Entnahmeseite 7 mit einer nicht näher dargestellten Entnahmeöffnung aufweist. Auf die Temperierstation 4 folgt eine Abkühlstation 8, beispielsweise in Form eines Tauchbades. Zwischen den einzelnen Stationen ist jeweils in Industrieroboter 9 eingesetzt, der die nicht näher dargestellten Metallbauteile zwischen den einzelnen Stationen überführt. Figure 1 shows a heat treatment line 1 according to the invention for the production of heat-treated metal components. The heat treatment line 1 has a heating station 2 in the form of three adjacent chamber furnaces 3 as well as a temperature control station 4 downstream of the heating station 2. The temperature control station 4 itself is designed as a roller hearth oven 5, so that the roller hearth oven 5 has a receiving side 6 with a receiving opening, not shown, as well as a Has removal side 7 with a removal opening not shown. The temperature control station 4 is followed by a cooling station 8, for example in the form of an immersion bath. Between the individual stations, an industrial robot 9 is used, which transfers the metal components, not shown in detail, between the individual stations.

Figur 2 zeigt eine dazu alternative Ausführungsvariante, wobei die Wärmebehandlungslinie 1 wiederum eine Erwärmungsstation 2 aufweist, in der Kammeröfen 3 nebeneinander angeordnet sind. Die Temperierstation 4 selbst ist in Form eines Drehofens 10 ausgebildet, der in Drehrichtung D frei drehbar ist, um einzelne Bauteile über einen Industrieroboter 9 von der Erwärmungsstation 2 in den Drehofen 10 zu überführen und nach einer gewissen Lagerzeit innerhalb des Drehofens 10 aus diesem zu entnehmen und der Abkühlstation 8 zuzuführen. Figure 2 shows an alternative embodiment variant, the heat treatment line 1 again having a heating station 2 in which chamber furnaces 3 are arranged next to one another. The temperature control station 4 itself is designed in the form of a rotary furnace 10, which can be freely rotated in the direction of rotation D, in order to transfer individual components from the heating station 2 to the heating station 2 via an industrial robot 9 To transfer rotary kiln 10 and, after a certain storage time within the rotary kiln 10, to remove it therefrom and to supply it to the cooling station 8.

Bezugszeichen:Reference number:

1 -1 -
WärmebehandlungslinieHeat treatment line
2 -2 -
ErwärmungsstationWarming station
3 -3 -
KammerofenChamber furnace
4 -4 -
TemperierstationTemperature control station
5 -5 -
RollenherdofenRoller hearth furnace
6 -6 -
AufnahmeseiteRecording side
7 -7 -
EntnahmeseiteWithdrawal side
8 -8th -
AbkühlstationCooling station
9 -9 -
IndustrieroboterIndustrial robots
10 -10 -
DrehofenRotary kiln
D -D -
DrehrichtungDirection of rotation

Claims (5)

  1. Method for operating a heat treatment line (1) for producing, in particular, a precoated metal component, wherein the heat treatment line comprises a heating station (2) which heats the metal component to a component temperature above the austenising temperature and a temperature treatment station (4) connected downstream of the heating station (2), characterised in that in the heating station (2) an internal temperature between 1000°C and 1300°C is set which is 5-30% above the component temperature and in the temperature treatment station (4) an internal temperature between 800°C and 1000°C prevails which corresponds to the component temperature.
  2. Method according to the preceding claim, characterised in that the internal temperature of the heating station (2) is set between 1100 and 1200°C, and the internal temperature of the temperature treatment station (4) is set between 850 and 950°C.
  3. Method according to the preceding claims 1 or 2, characterised in that the temperature treatment station (4) is used as a buffer to compensate for downtimes and/or production halts at the heating station (2) and/or a cooling station (8).
  4. Method according to any of the preceding claims 1 to 3, characterised in that a precoated metal component with a metallic pre-coating is heat-treated to generate an at least regional intermetallic phase.
  5. Method according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that supports, in particular in the form of cooling plates and/or shielding plates, are placed onto the metal component, such that regions are not brought above austenising temperature.
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DE102013022292.3A DE102013022292B4 (en) 2013-10-01 2013-11-27 Process for producing a steel component with partially different properties
DE102013113119.0A DE102013113119B4 (en) 2013-10-01 2013-11-27 Process for producing a steel component with partially different properties and chamber furnace
CN201310664738.3A CN103993137A (en) 2013-02-14 2013-12-10 Heat treatment line and method for operating the heat treatment line
US14/180,106 US20140224388A1 (en) 2013-02-14 2014-02-13 Heat treatment line and method for operating the heat treatment line

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JP6050835B2 (en) 2013-01-11 2016-12-21 フタバ産業株式会社 Hot stamping heating device
ES2828179T3 (en) * 2014-01-23 2021-05-25 Schwartz Gmbh Heat treatment procedure
DE102016100648B4 (en) 2015-12-23 2018-04-12 Benteler Automobiltechnik Gmbh A heat treatment furnace and method for heat treating a precoated sheet steel plate and method of making a motor vehicle component
DE102016125510B3 (en) 2016-12-22 2018-04-12 Benteler Automobiltechnik Gmbh Thermoformed metal sheet metal component and method for producing an opening in such a sheet metal component
DE102017107549A1 (en) 2017-04-07 2018-10-11 Schwartz Gmbh Temperature control station for the partial heat treatment of a metallic component
DE102018103145A1 (en) * 2018-02-13 2019-08-14 Ebner Industrieofenbau Gmbh Arrangement with several temperature control stations for heat treatment of components and their handling
CN108588612B (en) 2018-04-28 2019-09-20 育材堂（苏州）材料科技有限公司 Hot press-formed component, hot press-formed pre- coating steel plate and hot press-formed technique

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CN103993137A (en) 2014-08-20

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