EP2765359B1 - Method for monitoring an air flow in an air duct - Google Patents

Method for monitoring an air flow in an air duct Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2765359B1
EP2765359B1 EP14000410.2A EP14000410A EP2765359B1 EP 2765359 B1 EP2765359 B1 EP 2765359B1 EP 14000410 A EP14000410 A EP 14000410A EP 2765359 B1 EP2765359 B1 EP 2765359B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
air flow
operating parameter
detected
fan
flow duct
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EP14000410.2A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2765359A3 (en
EP2765359A2 (en
Inventor
Martin Weinmann
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Diehl AKO Stiftung and Co KG
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Diehl AKO Stiftung and Co KG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24C—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES ; DETAILS OF DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F24C15/00—Details
    • F24C15/20—Removing cooking fumes
    • F24C15/2021—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F7/00—Ventilation
    • F24F7/003—Ventilation in combination with air cleaning
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F7/00—Ventilation
    • F24F7/04—Ventilation with ducting systems, e.g. by double walls; with natural circulation
    • F24F7/06—Ventilation with ducting systems, e.g. by double walls; with natural circulation with forced air circulation, e.g. by fan positioning of a ventilator in or against a conduit
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F7/00—Ventilation
    • F24F2007/001—Ventilation with exhausting air ducts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2110/00—Control inputs relating to air properties
    • F24F2110/30—Velocity

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for monitoring an air flow in an air flow channel of a fume hood, a control device for controlling and monitoring a fan motor in an air flow channel of a fume hood and an extractor hood with such a control device.
  • Extractor hoods usually have an air filter in which in particular fats and fatty components are retained in the vapors produced during cooking. It is necessary to replace or clean these air filters when saturation or saturation of the air filter occurs.
  • a similar system is also known in vacuum cleaners.
  • a saturation indicator for filters of an extractor hood is for example in the DE 101 58 851 A1 described.
  • a counter with variable counter speed which is a function of the volume flow of the air conveyor of the hood, is used to measure the life of a filter for a cooker hood.
  • an optical or acoustic signal is output, which indicates the end of the service life of the filter.
  • Another indicator for the degree of contamination of a grease filter an extractor hood is in the DE 78 13 240 U1 described. Also in this display device, the need for the change or the Cleaning the filter is displayed. For this purpose, a color marking is made visible behind the aperture of the hood on reaching a predetermined count.
  • the DE 25 09 032 C2 describes a device for indicating the saturation of a grease filter of cooker hoods, wherein on the grease filter a saturation state indicating envelope paper is arranged.
  • the DE 10 2005 020 321 A1 discloses an extractor hood in which a saturation level of the air filter is determined based on the service life and displayed to a user via a saturation display with at least two display units.
  • the US 4,040,042 discloses an extractor hood, in which based on the power consumption of the fan motor detects contamination of the air filter and a warning is issued.
  • the DE 28 16 406 A1 describes a circuit arrangement for controlling a cooker hood, with which on the basis of the speed of the fan saturation of the filter is detected.
  • the US 6,186,140 B1 describes a respiratory system in which a useful life is detected and an optical and / or acoustic indication of a lifetime end of the air filter is output.
  • the US 2011/0185895 A1 discloses a method for monitoring an air filter in which a differential pressure is detected before and after the air filter in the air flow channel and from this is closed to a blockage of the air filter. LEDs indicate to the user the filter clogging or clogging degree of the air filter.
  • an extractor hood is known in which by means of a sensor, sensor or the like determines a degree of contamination or saturation of a filter unit and is visually and / or acoustically displayed.
  • the invention has for its object to provide an improved method for monitoring an air flow in an air flow channel of a fume hood, with which a fault in the air flow channel can be detected in a simple manner and early.
  • the operating parameter of the fan motor is a quotient of a torque on the fan and a speed of the fan motor.
  • a degree of the disturbance in the air flow channel is detected and a warning is issued upon detection of a disturbance in the air flow channel, which also differentiates between the degree of the detected disturbance in the air flow channel.
  • the method of the invention is based on the idea to conclude from an operating parameter of the fan motor to an air volume flow in the air flow channel or to conclude from a change of an operating parameter of the fan motor to a change in an air volume flow in the air flow channel. Since the air volume flow or its change are directly related to any disturbance in the air flow channel, such a disturbance in the air flow channel can be detected if the detected operating parameter or the detected change in the operating parameter exceeds a predetermined limit.
  • a disturbance in the air flow channel can be detected in a simple manner.
  • no special measuring devices are required for detecting a disturbance in the air flow channel. Since the detection of a disturbance in the air flow channel based on the detection of at least one operating parameter of the fan motor or a change in at least one operating parameter of the fan motor and such operating parameters usually determined or monitored by a control device of a corresponding electronic appliance anyway can be implemented, the method of the invention in a simple manner without special modification of the respective household appliance.
  • a “disturbance in the air flow channel” should be understood to mean any type of impairment of the air volume flow in the air flow channel, which in particular adversely affects the performance of the respective household appliance. These include, but are not limited to, fouling or saturation of the air filter, blockage of the exhaust duct (e.g., due to faulty blinds), fouling or disturbance of the fan wheel, and the like.
  • the "air flow channel” has in particular an intake zone upstream of the fan wheel and an exhaust air channel downstream of the fan wheel.
  • a fault in the air flow channel can be detected with the method according to the invention on the basis of the specific operating parameter or the specific change in the operating parameter.
  • the "exceeding of the predetermined limit" should in this context exceed / Reaching a maximum limit or falling below / reaching a minimum limit include.
  • the method of the invention is applicable to all types of fan motors, in particular asynchronous motors, single-phase asynchronous motors with capacitor, shaded pole motors, DC motors or brushless permanent magnet motors with electronic commutation.
  • the latter is particularly favorable for the method proposed here, since it usually has an electronic commutation device such as a frequency converter, with the help of the detection of motor variables or operating parameters of the fan motor without additional expenditure of measurement technology is possible because such a frequency often already implies such measuring devices ,
  • a warning is issued which also differentiates between the degree of the detected disturbance in the air flow channel.
  • the warning is preferably an optical signal and / or an acoustic signal.
  • a reference value of the at least one operating parameter of the fan motor is determined in a fault-free state of the air flow channel. Subsequently, a disturbance in the air flow channel can be detected if the operating parameter detected in the further operation of the extractor hood deviates from this reference value by a predetermined absolute or percentage value.
  • a trouble-free state of the air flow passage is preferably a state at a first start of the respective hood, a commissioning of the respective hood after cleaning or replacing the air filter, a commissioning of the respective hood after removing another fault, a corresponding input (eg pressing a reset button) designated by a user, and the like.
  • the reference value of the operating parameter is preferably determined analogously to the detection of the operating parameter during normal operation of the respective extractor hood.
  • At least one detected operating parameter of the fan motor or the detected change of the at least one operating parameter is first determined by the fan air flow or a change of airflow generated by the fan and then detects a fault in the air flow channel, if the specific air flow or the determined change in airflow exceeds a predetermined threshold.
  • the quotient of torque at the fan wheel and speed is determined in order to conclude that there is a change in the delivered air volume flow of the fan wheel.
  • a signal may then be issued to the user requesting to clean the air filter or a malfunction on the exhaust duct, such as air. Blocked blinds at the outlet of the exhaust duct to fix.
  • This quotient can be determined both at constant speed of the fan motor or the fan wheel so even with changing speeds.
  • the at least one operating parameter of the fan motor is detected over several engine revolutions. Subsequently, the detected operating parameter is preferably further processed as an average value or as an integral of the measured value. In this way, the reliability of the fault detection can be improved.
  • the invention also relates to a control device for controlling and monitoring a fan motor in an air flow channel of an extractor hood, which is designed to detect a disturbance in the air flow channel, if an operating parameter or a change of an operating parameter exceeds a predetermined limit, and a Display device for outputting a warning when detecting a fault in the air flow channel.
  • the operating parameter of the fan motor is a quotient of a torque on the fan and a speed of the fan motor.
  • the controller is further configured to also detect a degree of the disturbance in the air flow channel and to issue a warning that also differentiates between the degree of the detected disturbance in the air flow channel.
  • the invention also relates to an extractor hood with an air flow duct, a fan wheel arranged in the air flow duct, a fan motor for driving the fan wheel, at least one air filter arranged in the air flow duct and a control device according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 a schematic representation of the construction of an extractor hood as an example of an air flow conveying device according to the present invention.
  • the hood 1 has a hood-shaped suction zone 12, a fan 2 with a fan 3 and a fan motor 5 for driving the Fan 3 and an exhaust duct 13 for discharging the exhaust air stream 4.
  • the suction zone 12, the area of the fan 2 and the exhaust air duct 13 together form the air flow channel of the extractor hood 1.
  • the fan 2 or its fan motor 5 is controlled by a control device 6, preferably in the manner of a frequency converter, which in particular has a controller 7, a power stage 8 and an operating and display device 11.
  • the frequency converter 6 may preferably continuously control the rotational speeds of the fan wheel 3 of the fan 2 by means of the controller 7. It has the power level 8 with motor current and motor voltage measurement and can thus capture the electrical power consumption of the fan motor 5. Furthermore, he can determine the winding resistance of the fan motor 5 and thus the motor temperature from the current and voltage values. With the motor model stored in the controller 7 of the frequency converter 6 and the motor temperature can be determined by means of the controlled and measured motor variables such. the motor voltage and the motor current, the motor torque or the mechanical power at the fan 3 or a mechanical load equivalent value can be determined.
  • the controller 7 measures an equivalent value for the mechanical load on the fan 3 for one or more speeds and stores this value as Reference value in its digital memory.
  • Reference value various digital filters can be used, in particular the averaging over a larger number of integer turns of the fan wheel is a preferred filtering method.
  • the controller 7 of the frequency converter 6 continuously determines the current equivalent value for the mechanical load on the fan wheel 3 during operation and compares this with the stored reference value.
  • the same filters can again advantageously be used as for the determination of the reference values.
  • the operation times may be continuously recorded, and the motor temperature measurement may be e.g. be calibrated again and again if longer downtime existed and for the engine temperature of the fan normal ambient temperatures are assumed.
  • the controller 7 may also have a non-volatile memory to store the operating data in the event of a power failure.
  • the present method can also be combined as desired with methods known from the prior art. These known methods incorporate e.g. the operating times or the fan powers to give the user so a signal to clean the air filter 9.
  • the operating and display device 11 may be integrated, so that only one electronic control has to be mounted.
  • This display device 11 may, inter alia, also output a (visual and / or acoustic) signal for requesting to clean the air filter 9.
  • the operating and display device 11 may alternatively also be provided separately from controller 7 and power stage 8 on the extractor hood 1.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ventilation (AREA)
  • Air Conditioning Control Device (AREA)
  • Motor Or Generator Cooling System (AREA)

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Überwachen eines Luftstroms in einem Luftströmungskanal einer Dunstabzugshaube, eine Steuervorrichtung zum Ansteuern und Überwachen eines Lüftermotors in einem Luftströmungskanal einer Dunstabzugshaube sowie eine Dunstabzugshaube mit einer solchen Steuervorrichtung.The present invention relates to a method for monitoring an air flow in an air flow channel of a fume hood, a control device for controlling and monitoring a fan motor in an air flow channel of a fume hood and an extractor hood with such a control device.

Dunstabzugshauben weisen üblicherweise einen Luftfilter auf, in dem insbesondere Fette und fetthaltige Bestandteile in den beim Kochen entstehenden Wrasen zurückgehalten werden. Es ist erforderlich, diese Luftfilter auszutauschen oder zu reinigen, wenn eine Sättigung bzw. ein bestimmter Sättigungsgrad des Luftfilters eintritt. Ein ähnliches System ist auch bei Staubsaugern bekannt.Extractor hoods usually have an air filter in which in particular fats and fatty components are retained in the vapors produced during cooking. It is necessary to replace or clean these air filters when saturation or saturation of the air filter occurs. A similar system is also known in vacuum cleaners.

Eine Sättigungsanzeige für Filter einer Dunstabzugshaube ist beispielsweise in der DE 101 58 851 A1 beschrieben. Hierbei wird zur Standzeiterfassung eines Filters für eine Dunstabzugshaube eine Zähleinrichtung mit variabler Zählergeschwindigkeit, die eine Funktion des Volumenstroms der Luftfördereinrichtung der Dunstabzugshaube ist, verwendet. Bei Erreichen eines vorbestimmten Zählerwertes wird ein optisches oder akustisches Signal ausgegeben, welches das Ende der Standzeit des Filters angibt.A saturation indicator for filters of an extractor hood is for example in the DE 101 58 851 A1 described. In this case, a counter with variable counter speed, which is a function of the volume flow of the air conveyor of the hood, is used to measure the life of a filter for a cooker hood. Upon reaching a predetermined counter value, an optical or acoustic signal is output, which indicates the end of the service life of the filter.

Eine weitere Anzeigevorrichtung für den Verschmutzungsgrad eines Fettfilters einer Dunstabzugshaube ist in der DE 78 13 240 U1 beschrieben. Auch bei dieser Anzeigevorrichtung wird die Notwendigkeit des Wechsels oder der Reinigung des Filters angezeigt. Hierzu wird bei Erreichen eines vorbestimmten Zählerstandes eine Farbmarkierung hinter der Blende der Dunstabzugshaube sichtbar gemacht.Another indicator for the degree of contamination of a grease filter an extractor hood is in the DE 78 13 240 U1 described. Also in this display device, the need for the change or the Cleaning the filter is displayed. For this purpose, a color marking is made visible behind the aperture of the hood on reaching a predetermined count.

In der DE 28 52 472 A1 sind ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zum Erfassen des Verschmutzungsgrades eines Luftfilters beschrieben, bei denen der elektrische Antriebsstrom für das Gebläse in eine proportionale Wärmemenge umgewandelt und mit dieser Wärmemenge eine Flüssigkeit in die umgebende Atmosphäre verdampft wird, wobei die Flüssigkeitspegeldifferenz in Bezug auf einen Anfangspegel als Maß für den Verschmutzungsgrad dient. Mit dieser Vorrichtung kann der Verschmutzungsgrad des Filters relativ genau erfasst werden. Nachteilig ist allerdings die relativ aufwändige Konstruktion der Vorrichtung. Zudem muss bei einem Filterwechsel der Behälter, in dem die Flüssigkeit aufgenommen ist, ausgetauscht werden, was die Handhabung der Vorrichtung umständlich macht und zu erhöhten Instandhaltungskosten führt.In the DE 28 52 472 A1 a method and an apparatus for detecting the degree of contamination of an air filter are described in which the electrical drive current for the fan is converted into a proportional amount of heat and with this amount of heat, a liquid is evaporated into the surrounding atmosphere, the liquid level difference with respect to an initial level as a measure for the degree of pollution. With this device, the degree of contamination of the filter can be detected relatively accurately. However, a disadvantage is the relatively complex construction of the device. In addition, when a filter change the container in which the liquid is absorbed, to be replaced, which makes the handling of the device cumbersome and leads to increased maintenance costs.

Die DE 25 09 032 C2 beschreibt eine Vorrichtung zur Anzeige der Sättigung eines Fettfilters von Dunstabzugshauben, bei welcher auf dem Fettfilter ein den Sättigungszustand anzeigendes Umschlagpapier angeordnet ist.The DE 25 09 032 C2 describes a device for indicating the saturation of a grease filter of cooker hoods, wherein on the grease filter a saturation state indicating envelope paper is arranged.

Die DE 10 2005 020 321 A1 offenbart eine Dunstabzugshaube, bei welcher ein Sättigungsgrad des Luftfilters anhand der Standzeit ermittelt und einem Benutzer über eine Sättigungsanzeige mit wenigstens zwei Anzeigeeinheiten angezeigt wird.The DE 10 2005 020 321 A1 discloses an extractor hood in which a saturation level of the air filter is determined based on the service life and displayed to a user via a saturation display with at least two display units.

Die US 4,040,042 A offenbart eine Dunstabzugshaube, bei welcher anhand der Leistungsaufnahme des Lüftermotors eine Verschmutzung des Luftfilters erkannt und ein Warnhinweis ausgegeben wird.The US 4,040,042 discloses an extractor hood, in which based on the power consumption of the fan motor detects contamination of the air filter and a warning is issued.

Die DE 28 16 406 A1 beschreibt eine Schaltungsanordnung zur Steuerung einer Dunstabzugshaube, mit welcher anhand der Drehzahl des Ventilators eine Sättigung des Filters erkannt wird.The DE 28 16 406 A1 describes a circuit arrangement for controlling a cooker hood, with which on the basis of the speed of the fan saturation of the filter is detected.

Weitere elektronische Geräte mit einer Luftstromförderung, welche eine Störung im Luftströmungskanal mittels eines Betriebsparameters des Lüftermotors erkennen können, sind zum Beispiel aus der US 2012/0138051A1 , der EP 1 519 113 A2 und der DE 10 2004 013 453 A1 bekannt.Other electronic devices with an air flow promotion, which can detect a disturbance in the air flow channel by means of an operating parameter of the fan motor are, for example, from US 2012 / 0138051A1 , the EP 1 519 113 A2 and the DE 10 2004 013 453 A1 known.

Die US 6,186,140 B1 beschreibt ein Atmungssystem, bei dem eine Nutzungsdauer erfasst wird und ein optischer und/oder akustischer Hinweis auf ein Lebensdauerende des Luftfilters ausgegeben wird.The US 6,186,140 B1 describes a respiratory system in which a useful life is detected and an optical and / or acoustic indication of a lifetime end of the air filter is output.

Die US 2011/0185895 A1 offenbart ein Verfahren zur Überwachung eines Luftfilters, bei dem ein Differenzdruck vor und nach dem Luftfilter im Luftströmungskanal erfasst und aus diesem auf eine Verstopfung des Luftfilters geschlossen wird. Über LEDs wird dem Benutzer die Filterverstopfung oder ein Verstopfungsgrad des Luftfilters angezeigt.The US 2011/0185895 A1 discloses a method for monitoring an air filter in which a differential pressure is detected before and after the air filter in the air flow channel and from this is closed to a blockage of the air filter. LEDs indicate to the user the filter clogging or clogging degree of the air filter.

Aus der WO 03/073007 A1 ist eine Dunstabzugshaube bekannt, bei der mittels eines Sensors, Messfühlers oder dergleichen ein Verschmutzungs- bzw. Sättigungsgrad einer Filtereinheit bestimmt und optisch und/oder akustisch angezeigt wird.From the WO 03/073007 A1 an extractor hood is known in which by means of a sensor, sensor or the like determines a degree of contamination or saturation of a filter unit and is visually and / or acoustically displayed.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein verbessertes Verfahren zum Überwachen eines Luftstroms in einem Luftströmungskanal einer Dunstabzugshaube zu schaffen, mit welchem eine Störung im Luftströmungskanal auf einfache Weise und frühzeitig erkannt werden kann.The invention has for its object to provide an improved method for monitoring an air flow in an air flow channel of a fume hood, with which a fault in the air flow channel can be detected in a simple manner and early.

Diese Aufgabe wird gelöst durch die Lehre der unabhängigen Ansprüche. Besonders bevorzugte Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind Gegenstand der abhängigen Ansprüche.This object is achieved by the teaching of the independent claims. Particularly preferred embodiments and further developments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zum Überwachen eines Luftstroms in einem Luftströmungskanal einer Dunstabzugshaube, in welchem ein von einem Lüftermotor angetriebenes Lüfterrad und wenigstens ein Luftfilter angeordnet sind, enthält die folgenden Schritte:

  • Erfassen wenigstens eines Betriebsparameters oder einer Veränderung wenigstens eines Betriebsparameters des Lüftermotors; und
  • Erkennen einer Störung im Luftströmungskanal, falls der erfasste Betriebsparameter oder die erfasste Veränderung des Betriebsparameters einen vorbestimmten Grenzwert überschreitet.
The method according to the invention for monitoring an air flow in an air flow duct of an extractor hood, in which one of a fan motor driven fan wheel and at least one air filter are arranged, includes the following steps:
  • Detecting at least one operating parameter or a change of at least one operating parameter of the fan motor; and
  • Detecting a disturbance in the air flow channel if the detected operating parameter or the sensed change in the operating parameter exceeds a predetermined threshold.

Der Betriebsparameter des Lüftermotors ist dabei ein Quotient aus einem Drehmoment am Lüfterrad und einer Drehzahl des Lüftermotors. Zudem wird ein Grad der Störung im Luftströmungskanal erkannt und wird beim Erkennen einer Störung im Luftströmungskanal ein Warnhinweis ausgegeben, der auch zwischen dem Grad der erkannten Störung im Luftströmungskanal differenziert.The operating parameter of the fan motor is a quotient of a torque on the fan and a speed of the fan motor. In addition, a degree of the disturbance in the air flow channel is detected and a warning is issued upon detection of a disturbance in the air flow channel, which also differentiates between the degree of the detected disturbance in the air flow channel.

Dem Verfahren der Erfindung liegt die Idee zugrunde, aus einem Betriebsparameter des Lüftermotors auf einen Luftvolumenstrom im Luftströmungskanal zu schließen bzw. aus einer Veränderung eines Betriebsparameters des Lüftermotors auf eine Veränderung eines Luftvolumenstroms im Luftströmungskanal zu schließen. Da der Luftvolumenstrom bzw. seine Veränderung unmittelbar mit einer etwaigen Störung im Luftströmungskanal zusammenhängen, kann so eine Störung im Luftströmungskanal erkannt werden, wenn der erfasste Betriebsparameter oder die erfasste Veränderung des Betriebsparameters einen vorbestimmten Grenzwert überschreitet.The method of the invention is based on the idea to conclude from an operating parameter of the fan motor to an air volume flow in the air flow channel or to conclude from a change of an operating parameter of the fan motor to a change in an air volume flow in the air flow channel. Since the air volume flow or its change are directly related to any disturbance in the air flow channel, such a disturbance in the air flow channel can be detected if the detected operating parameter or the detected change in the operating parameter exceeds a predetermined limit.

Mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren lässt sich eine Störung im Luftströmungskanal auf einfache Weise detektieren. Zum Erkennen einer Störung im Luftströmungskanal sind insbesondere keine speziellen Messgeräte erforderlich. Da die Erkennung einer Störung im Luftströmungskanal auf der Erfassung wenigstens eines Betriebsparameters des Lüftermotors oder einer Veränderung wenigstens eines Betriebsparameters des Lüftermotors basiert und derartige Betriebsparameter in der Regel von einer Steuervorrichtung eines entsprechenden elektronischen Haushaltsgeräts ohnehin ermittelt bzw. überwacht werden, kann das Verfahren der Erfindung auf einfache Weise ohne besondere Modifizierung des jeweiligen Haushaltsgeräts implementiert werden.With the method according to the invention, a disturbance in the air flow channel can be detected in a simple manner. In particular, no special measuring devices are required for detecting a disturbance in the air flow channel. Since the detection of a disturbance in the air flow channel based on the detection of at least one operating parameter of the fan motor or a change in at least one operating parameter of the fan motor and such operating parameters usually determined or monitored by a control device of a corresponding electronic appliance anyway can be implemented, the method of the invention in a simple manner without special modification of the respective household appliance.

Mit Hilfe des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens lässt sich nicht nur das Vorliegen einer Störung im Luftströmungskanal erkennen, wenn eine Behebung dieser Störung für die weitere ordnungsgemäße Nutzung des jeweiligen Haushaltsgeräts zwingend erforderlich ist, sondern es kann auch bereits zu einem früheren Zeitpunkt ein Grad der Störung im Luftströmungskanal erkannt oder auf eine in näherer Zukunft anstehende Störungsbehebung hingewiesen werden. Es ist daher möglich, frühzeitig auf eine Störung zu reagieren oder sich frühzeitig auf das Beheben einer Störung vorzubereiten (z.B. durch Beschaffen von entsprechenden Ersatz- oder Reparaturmaterialien).With the aid of the method according to the invention, it is not only possible to detect the presence of a disturbance in the air flow channel if remedy of this disturbance is absolutely necessary for the further proper use of the respective household appliance, but a degree of disturbance in the air flow channel can already be detected at an earlier point in time or a pending fault resolution in the near future. It is therefore possible to respond early to a malfunction or to prepare early for the elimination of a malfunction (e.g., by obtaining appropriate replacement or repair materials).

Unter einer "Störung im Luftströmungskanal" soll in diesem Zusammenhang jede Art von Beeinträchtigung des Luftvolumenstroms im Luftströmungskanal verstanden werden, welche die Leistung des jeweiligen Haushaltsgeräts insbesondere negativ beeinflusst. Hierzu zählen insbesondere, aber nicht ausschließlich eine Verschmutzung oder Sättigung des Luftfilters, eine Blockade des Abluftkanals (z.B. durch defekte Jalousien), eine Verschmutzung oder Störung des Lüfterrades und dergleichen. Der "Luftströmungskanal" weist in diesem Zusammenhang insbesondere eine Ansaugzone stromauf des Lüfterrades und einen Abluftkanal stromab des Lüfterrades auf.In this context, a "disturbance in the air flow channel" should be understood to mean any type of impairment of the air volume flow in the air flow channel, which in particular adversely affects the performance of the respective household appliance. These include, but are not limited to, fouling or saturation of the air filter, blockage of the exhaust duct (e.g., due to faulty blinds), fouling or disturbance of the fan wheel, and the like. In this context, the "air flow channel" has in particular an intake zone upstream of the fan wheel and an exhaust air channel downstream of the fan wheel.

Eine Störung im Luftströmungskanal kann mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren auf Basis des bestimmten Betriebsparameters oder der bestimmten Veränderung des Betriebsparameters erkannt werden. Das "Überschreiten des vorbestimmten Grenzwerts" soll in diesem Zusammenhang ein Überschreiten / Erreichen eines maximalen Grenzwertes bzw. ein Unterschreiten / Erreichen eines minimalen Grenzwertes umfassen.A fault in the air flow channel can be detected with the method according to the invention on the basis of the specific operating parameter or the specific change in the operating parameter. The "exceeding of the predetermined limit" should in this context exceed / Reaching a maximum limit or falling below / reaching a minimum limit include.

Das Verfahren der Erfindung ist bei allen Arten von Lüftermotoren einsetzbar, insbesondere bei Asynchronmotoren, Einphasen-Asynchronmotoren mit Kondensator, Spaltpolmotoren, DC-Motoren oder bürstenlosen Permanentmagnet-Motoren mit elektronischer Kommutierung. Letztgenannter ist für das hier vorgeschlagene Verfahren besonders günstig, da er üblicherweise eine elektronische Kommutierungseinrichtung wie beispielsweise einen Frequenzumrichter aufweist, mit dessen Hilfe die Erfassung der Motorvariablen bzw. Betriebsparameter des Lüftermotors ohne Zusatzaufwand an Messtechnik möglich ist, da ein solcher Frequenzumrichter solche Messeinrichtungen oft bereits impliziert.The method of the invention is applicable to all types of fan motors, in particular asynchronous motors, single-phase asynchronous motors with capacitor, shaded pole motors, DC motors or brushless permanent magnet motors with electronic commutation. The latter is particularly favorable for the method proposed here, since it usually has an electronic commutation device such as a frequency converter, with the help of the detection of motor variables or operating parameters of the fan motor without additional expenditure of measurement technology is possible because such a frequency often already implies such measuring devices ,

Gemäß der Erfindung wird beim Erkennen einer Störung im Luftströmungskanal ein Warnhinweis ausgegeben, der auch zwischen dem Grad der erkannten Störung im Luftströmungskanal differenziert. Bei dem Warnhinweis handelt es sich vorzugsweise um ein optisches Signal und/oder ein akustisches Signal.According to the invention, upon detection of a disturbance in the air flow channel, a warning is issued which also differentiates between the degree of the detected disturbance in the air flow channel. The warning is preferably an optical signal and / or an acoustic signal.

In einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung wird in einem störungsfreien Zustand des Luftströmungskanal ein Referenzwert des wenigstens einen Betriebsparameters des Lüftermotors bestimmt. Anschließend kann eine Störung im Luftströmungskanal erkannt werden, falls der im weiteren Betrieb der Dunstabzugshaube erfasste Betriebsparameter um einen vorbestimmten absoluten oder prozentualen Wert von diesem Referenzwert abweicht. Als störungsfreier Zustand des Luftströmungskanals wird vorzugsweise ein Zustand bei einer ersten Inbetriebnahme der jeweiligen Dunstabzugshaube, einer Inbetriebnahme der jeweiligen Dunstabzugshaube nach einem Reinigen oder Austauschen des Luftfilters, einer Inbetriebnahme der jeweiligen Dunstabzugshaube nach Beheben einer anderen Störung, einer entsprechenden Eingabe (z.B. Betätigung einer Rücksetztaste) durch einen Benutzer, und dergleichen bezeichnet. Der Referenzwert des Betriebsparameters wird dabei vorzugsweise analog zur Erfassung des Betriebsparameters im normalen Betrieb der jeweiligen Dunstabzugshaube bestimmt.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a reference value of the at least one operating parameter of the fan motor is determined in a fault-free state of the air flow channel. Subsequently, a disturbance in the air flow channel can be detected if the operating parameter detected in the further operation of the extractor hood deviates from this reference value by a predetermined absolute or percentage value. As a trouble-free state of the air flow passage is preferably a state at a first start of the respective hood, a commissioning of the respective hood after cleaning or replacing the air filter, a commissioning of the respective hood after removing another fault, a corresponding input (eg pressing a reset button) designated by a user, and the like. The reference value of the operating parameter is preferably determined analogously to the detection of the operating parameter during normal operation of the respective extractor hood.

In einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung wird aus dem wenigstens einen erfassten Betriebsparameter des Lüftermotors oder der erfassten Veränderung des wenigstens einen Betriebsparameters zunächst ein vom Lüfterrad erzeugter Luftvolumenstrom oder eine Veränderung eines vom Lüfterrad erzeugten Luftvolumenstroms bestimmt und dann eine Störung im Luftströmungskanal erkannt, falls der bestimmte Luftvolumenstrom oder die bestimmte Veränderung des Luftvolumenstroms einen vorbestimmten Grenzwert überschreitet.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, at least one detected operating parameter of the fan motor or the detected change of the at least one operating parameter is first determined by the fan air flow or a change of airflow generated by the fan and then detects a fault in the air flow channel, if the specific air flow or the determined change in airflow exceeds a predetermined threshold.

Gemäß der Erfindung wird der Quotient aus Drehmoment am Lüfterrad und Drehzahl bestimmt, um daraus auf eine Änderung des geförderten Luftvolumenstroms des Lüfterrades zu schließen. Es kann dann ein Signal an den Benutzer ausgegeben werden, mit der Aufforderung, den Luftfilter zu reinigen oder eine Störung am Abluftkanal wie z.B. blockierte Jalousien am Austritt des Abluftkanals zu beheben. Dieser Quotient kann sowohl bei konstanter Drehzahl des Lüftermotors bzw. des Lüfterrades also auch bei sich ändernden Drehzahlen ermittelt werden.According to the invention, the quotient of torque at the fan wheel and speed is determined in order to conclude that there is a change in the delivered air volume flow of the fan wheel. A signal may then be issued to the user requesting to clean the air filter or a malfunction on the exhaust duct, such as air. Blocked blinds at the outlet of the exhaust duct to fix. This quotient can be determined both at constant speed of the fan motor or the fan wheel so even with changing speeds.

In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung wird der wenigstens eine Betriebsparameter des Lüftermotors über mehrere Motorumdrehungen hinweg erfasst. Anschließend wird der erfasste Betriebsparameter vorzugsweise als Mittelwert oder als Integral des Messwertes weiter verarbeitet. Auf diese Weise kann die Zuverlässigkeit der Störungserkennung verbessert werden. Gegenstand der Erfindung ist auch eine Steuervorrichtung zum Ansteuern und Überwachen eines Lüftermotors in einem Luftströmungskanal einer Dunstabzugshaube, die ausgestaltet ist zum Erkennen einer Störung im Luftströmungskanal, falls ein Betriebsparameter oder eine Veränderung eines Betriebsparameters einen vorbestimmten Grenzwert überschreitet, und eine Anzeigevorrichtung zum Ausgeben eines Warnhinweises beim Erkennen einer Störung im Luftströmungskanal aufweist. Der Betriebsparameter des Lüftermotors ist dabei ein Quotient aus einem Drehmoment am Lüfterrad und einer Drehzahl des Lüftermotors. Die Steuervorrichtung ist ferner ausgestaltet, um auch einen Grad der Störung im Luftströmungskanal zu erkennen und einen Warnhinweis auszugeben, der auch zwischen dem Grad der erkannten Störung im Luftströmungskanal differenziert.In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the at least one operating parameter of the fan motor is detected over several engine revolutions. Subsequently, the detected operating parameter is preferably further processed as an average value or as an integral of the measured value. In this way, the reliability of the fault detection can be improved. The invention also relates to a control device for controlling and monitoring a fan motor in an air flow channel of an extractor hood, which is designed to detect a disturbance in the air flow channel, if an operating parameter or a change of an operating parameter exceeds a predetermined limit, and a Display device for outputting a warning when detecting a fault in the air flow channel. The operating parameter of the fan motor is a quotient of a torque on the fan and a speed of the fan motor. The controller is further configured to also detect a degree of the disturbance in the air flow channel and to issue a warning that also differentiates between the degree of the detected disturbance in the air flow channel.

Mit dieser Steuervorrichtung können die gleichen Vorteile wie mit dem oben beschriebenen Verfahren der Erfindung erzielt werden. Außerdem gelten die obigen Ausführungen zu Begriffsdefinitionen und bevorzugten Ausgestaltungen in entsprechender Weise auch für die erfindungsgemäße Steuervorrichtung.With this control device, the same advantages as with the above-described method of the invention can be achieved. In addition, the above statements on definitions of terms and preferred embodiments also apply correspondingly to the control device according to the invention.

Gegenstand der Erfindung ist schließlich auch eine Dunstabzugshaube mit einem Luftströmungskanal, einem im Luftströmungskanal angeordneten Lüfterrad, einem Lüftermotor zum Antreiben des Lüfterrades, wenigstens einem im Luftströmungskanal angeordneten Luftfilter und einer erfindungsgemäßen Steuervorrichtung.Finally, the invention also relates to an extractor hood with an air flow duct, a fan wheel arranged in the air flow duct, a fan motor for driving the fan wheel, at least one air filter arranged in the air flow duct and a control device according to the invention.

Obige sowie weitere Merkmale und Vorteile der Erfindung werden aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung eines bevorzugten, nicht-einschränkenden Ausführungsbeispiels anhand der beiliegenden Zeichnung besser verständlich. Darin zeigt die einzige Figur 1 eine schematische Darstellung des Aufbaus einer Dunstabzugshaube als ein Beispiel einer Luftstromfördervorrichtung gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung.The above and other features and advantages of the invention will become more apparent from the following description of a preferred, non-limiting embodiment thereof with reference to the accompanying drawings. In it shows the only one FIG. 1 a schematic representation of the construction of an extractor hood as an example of an air flow conveying device according to the present invention.

Die Dunstabzugshaube 1 weist eine haubenförmige Ansaugzone 12, einen Ventilator 2 mit einem Lüfterrad 3 und einen Lüftermotor 5 zum Antreiben des Lüfterrades 3 und einen Abluftkanal 13 zum Ableiten des Abluftstroms 4 auf. Die Ansaugzone 12, der Bereich des Ventilators 2 und der Abluftkanal 13 bilden zusammen den Luftströmungskanal der Dunstabzugshaube 1.The hood 1 has a hood-shaped suction zone 12, a fan 2 with a fan 3 and a fan motor 5 for driving the Fan 3 and an exhaust duct 13 for discharging the exhaust air stream 4. The suction zone 12, the area of the fan 2 and the exhaust air duct 13 together form the air flow channel of the extractor hood 1.

Im Bereich der Ansaugzone 12, d.h. stromauf des Ventilators 2 bzw. seines Lüfterrades 3 ist wenigstens ein Luftfilter bzw. Fettfilter 9 angeordnet. Am Austritt des Abluftkanals 13 ist beispielsweise eine Jalousie 10 angebracht.In the region of the suction zone 12, i. upstream of the fan 2 and its fan 3, at least one air filter or grease filter 9 is arranged. At the outlet of the exhaust duct 13, for example, a shutter 10 is attached.

Der Ventilator 2 bzw. sein Lüftermotor 5 wird von einer Steuervorrichtung 6 vorzugsweise in der Art eines Frequenzumrichters angesteuert, welche insbesondere einen Controller 7, eine Leistungsstufe 8 und eine Bedien- und Anzeigevorrichtung 11 aufweist.The fan 2 or its fan motor 5 is controlled by a control device 6, preferably in the manner of a frequency converter, which in particular has a controller 7, a power stage 8 and an operating and display device 11.

Der Frequenzumrichter 6 kann die Drehzahlen des Lüfterrades 3 des Ventilators 2 mittels des Controllers 7 vorzugsweise kontinuierlich steuern. Er verfügt über die Leistungsstufe 8 mit Motorstrom- und Motorspannungs-Messung und kann so die elektrische Leistungsaufnahme des Lüftermotors 5 erfassen. Des Weiteren kann er aus den Strom- und Spannungswerten den Wicklungswiderstand des Lüftermotors 5 und damit die Motortemperatur bestimmen. Mit dem im Controller 7 des Frequenzumrichters 6 hinterlegten Motormodell und der Motortemperatur kann mit Hilfe der gesteuerten und gemessenen Motorvariablen wie z.B. der Motorspannung und des Motorstroms das Motordrehmoment oder die mechanische Leistung am Lüfterrad 3 oder ein der mechanischen Last äquivalenter Wert bestimmt werden.The frequency converter 6 may preferably continuously control the rotational speeds of the fan wheel 3 of the fan 2 by means of the controller 7. It has the power level 8 with motor current and motor voltage measurement and can thus capture the electrical power consumption of the fan motor 5. Furthermore, he can determine the winding resistance of the fan motor 5 and thus the motor temperature from the current and voltage values. With the motor model stored in the controller 7 of the frequency converter 6 and the motor temperature can be determined by means of the controlled and measured motor variables such. the motor voltage and the motor current, the motor torque or the mechanical power at the fan 3 or a mechanical load equivalent value can be determined.

Bei der Inbetriebnahme oder nach jeder Bestätigung des Benutzers, dass der Luftfilter 9 gereinigt und der Abluftkanal mit den Jalousien 10 in Ordnung ist, misst der Controller 7 einen äquivalenten Wert für die mechanische Last am Lüfterrad 3 für eine oder mehrere Drehzahlen und hinterlegt diesen Messwert als Referenzwert in seinem digitalen Speicher. Für die Ermittlung des Referenzwertes sind vielfältige digitale Filter einsetzbar, insbesondere die Mittelung über eine größere Anzahl von ganzzahligen Umdrehungen des Lüfterrades ist eine bevorzugte Filtermethode.At start-up or after each confirmation by the user that the air filter 9 is cleaned and the exhaust duct with the louvers 10 is in order, the controller 7 measures an equivalent value for the mechanical load on the fan 3 for one or more speeds and stores this value as Reference value in its digital memory. For the determination of the reference value various digital filters can be used, in particular the averaging over a larger number of integer turns of the fan wheel is a preferred filtering method.

Im weiteren Betriebsverlauf ermittelt der Controller 7 des Frequenzumrichters 6 bei Betrieb fortlaufend den aktuellen äquivalenten Wert für die mechanische Last am Lüfterrad 3 und vergleicht diesen mit dem abgespeicherten Referenzwert. Für die digitale Filterung dieses äquivalenten Wertes können wieder vorteilhaft dieselben Filter eingesetzt werden wie zur Bestimmung der Referenzwerte.During operation, the controller 7 of the frequency converter 6 continuously determines the current equivalent value for the mechanical load on the fan wheel 3 during operation and compares this with the stored reference value. For the digital filtering of this equivalent value, the same filters can again advantageously be used as for the determination of the reference values.

Falls dieser äquivalente Wert für die mechanische Last den Referenzwert um einen bestimmten Wert unterschreitet, kann ein Signal zur Reinigung des Luftfilters 9 und Kontrolle des Abluftkanals 13 ausgegeben werden.If this equivalent value for the mechanical load falls below the reference value by a certain value, a signal for cleaning the air filter 9 and checking the exhaust air duct 13 can be output.

Falls der Controller 7 des Frequenzumrichters 6 kontinuierlich an Versorgungsspannung liegt, können zudem die Betriebszeiten kontinuierlich aufgezeichnet werden, und die Motortemperaturmessung kann z.B. immer wieder kalibriert werden, wenn längere Stillstandzeiten vorlagen und für die Motortemperatur des Lüfters normale Umgebungstemperaturen anzunehmen sind.In addition, if the controller 7 of the frequency converter 6 is continuously at the supply voltage, the operation times may be continuously recorded, and the motor temperature measurement may be e.g. be calibrated again and again if longer downtime existed and for the engine temperature of the fan normal ambient temperatures are assumed.

Der Controller 7 kann auch über einen nicht flüchtigen Speicher verfügen, um bei einem Ausfall der Versorgungsspannung die Betriebsdaten abzuspeichern. Dadurch kann das vorliegende Verfahren auch beliebig mit aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Verfahren kombiniert werden. Diese bekannten Verfahren integrieren z.B. die Betriebszeiten oder die Lüfterleistungen auf, um dem Benutzer so ein Signal zur Reinigung des Luftfilters 9 zu geben.The controller 7 may also have a non-volatile memory to store the operating data in the event of a power failure. As a result, the present method can also be combined as desired with methods known from the prior art. These known methods incorporate e.g. the operating times or the fan powers to give the user so a signal to clean the air filter 9.

Auf dem Frequenzumrichter 6 kann in einer bevorzugten kostengünstigen Ausführungsform die Bedien- und Anzeigevorrichtung 11 integriert sein, so dass nur eine elektronische Steuerung zu montieren ist. Diese Anzeigevorrichtung 11 kann z.B. unter anderem auch ein (optisches und/oder akustisches) Signal zur Aufforderung, den Luftfilter 9 zu reinigen, ausgeben. Die Bedien- und Anzeigevorrichtung 11 kann alternativ auch separat von Controller 7 und Leistungsstufe 8 an der Dunstabzugshaube 1 vorgesehen sein.On the frequency converter 6, in a preferred low-cost embodiment, the operating and display device 11 may be integrated, so that only one electronic control has to be mounted. This display device 11 may, inter alia, also output a (visual and / or acoustic) signal for requesting to clean the air filter 9. The operating and display device 11 may alternatively also be provided separately from controller 7 and power stage 8 on the extractor hood 1.

Claims (6)

  1. Method for monitoring an air flow in an air flow duct (12, 13) of an extractor hood, in which air flow duct (12, 13) a fan impeller (3) which is driven by a fan motor (5) and at least one air filter (9) are arranged, having the steps:
    - detection of at least one operating parameter or a change in at least one operating parameter of the fan motor (5); and
    - detection of a disruption in the air flow duct (12, 13) if the detected operating parameter or the detected change in the operating parameter exceeds a predefined limit value,
    characterized in that
    the operating parameter of the fan motor is a quotient of a torque on the fan impeller and a rotational speed of the fan motor;
    an extent of the disruption in the air flow duct (12, 13) is also detected; and,
    if a disruption in the air flow duct (12, 13) is detected, a warning is output which also differentiates between the extent of the detected disruption in the air flow duct (12, 13).
  2. Method according to Claim 1,
    characterized in that
    a volumetric air flow which is generated by the fan impeller (3) or a change in a volumetric air flow which is generated by the fan impeller (3) is determined from the at least one detected operating parameter of the fan motor (5) or the detected change in the at least one operating parameter, and a disruption in the air flow duct (12, 13) is then detected if the determined volumetric air flow or the determined change in the volumetric air flow exceeds a predefined limit value.
  3. Method according to either of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    a reference value of the at least one operating parameter of the fan motor (5) is determined in a disruption-free state of the air flow duct (12, 13).
  4. Method according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    the at least one operating parameter of the fan motor (5) or its change is detected over a plurality of motor revolutions.
  5. Control apparatus (6) for actuating and monitoring a fan motor (5) in an air flow duct (12, 13) of an extractor hood (1), configured to detect a disruption in the air flow duct (12, 13) if an operating parameter or a change in an operating parameter exceeds a predefined limit value, and having a display apparatus (11) for outputting a warning if a disruption in the air flow duct (12, 13) is detected,
    characterized in that
    the operating parameter of the fan motor is a quotient of a torque on the fan impeller and a rotational speed of the fan motor; and
    the control apparatus (6) is configured to also detect an extent of the disruption in the air flow duct (12, 13) and to output a warning which also differentiates between the extent of the detected disruption in the air flow duct (12, 13).
  6. Extractor hood (1), having
    an air flow duct (12, 13),
    a fan impeller (3) which is arranged in the air flow duct (12, 13) and a fan motor (5) for driving the fan impeller, a control apparatus (6) for actuating and monitoring the fan motor (5) according to Claim 5, and
    at least one air filter (9) which is arranged in the air flow duct (12, 13).
EP14000410.2A 2013-02-08 2014-02-05 Method for monitoring an air flow in an air duct Active EP2765359B1 (en)

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