EP2762782A1 - Holding element for holding a heat shield stone to a support structure - Google Patents
Holding element for holding a heat shield stone to a support structure Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2762782A1 EP2762782A1 EP13154010.6A EP13154010A EP2762782A1 EP 2762782 A1 EP2762782 A1 EP 2762782A1 EP 13154010 A EP13154010 A EP 13154010A EP 2762782 A1 EP2762782 A1 EP 2762782A1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- heat shield
- holding
- support structure
- layers
- expansion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F23M5/00—Casings; Linings; Walls
- F23M5/04—Supports for linings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/007—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel constructed mainly of ceramic components
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F23M2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion chambers
- F23M2900/05002—Means for accommodate thermal expansion of the wall liner
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for continuous combustion chambers; Combustion processes therefor
- F23R2900/00017—Assembling combustion chamber liners or subparts
Definitions
- the invention relates to a holding element for holding a heat shield brick held on a support structure and to a heat shield as well as a combustion chamber lined by the heat shield and a gas turbine.
- heat shields are used which must withstand hot gases of 1000 to 1600 degrees.
- gas turbines such as those used in power-generating power plants and in aircraft engines, have correspondingly large surfaces to be shielded by heat shields in the interior of the combustion chambers.
- the heat shield must be composed of a plurality of individual, generally ceramic heat shield bricks, spaced apart from each other with a sufficient gap to a support structure. This gap offers the heat shield bricks, which can also be called heat shield elements, sufficient space for thermal expansion.
- a generic heat shield thus comprises a support structure and a number of heat shield bricks, which are releasably secured to the support structure by means of holding elements.
- Each of the heat shields has a cold side facing the support structure and a hot side which is opposite the cold side and can be charged with a hot medium.
- the generic retaining element has a fastening section which can be fastened to the support structure and a retaining section designed to engage in an engagement device provided on the heat shield block. When the attachment section is fastened to the support structure and the retaining section engaging the heat shield block, the attachment section has an upper side which faces the cold side of the heat shield block.
- the EP 1 715 248 A1 discloses an initially mentioned heat shield of a burner chamber of a gas turbine having a support structure and a number of heat shield bricks arranged detachably on the support structure.
- the heat shield bricks are arranged across the surface, leaving expansion gaps on the support structure, wherein each heat shield brick has a cold-side facing the support structure and a hot side which is opposite to the cold side and can be charged with a hot medium.
- the heat shield bricks are resiliently secured to the support structure with four metal support elements arranged in pairs opposite one another.
- each holding element comprises a holding portion and a fixing portion.
- each heat shield block retaining grooves are introduced on two opposite circumferential sides, so that the retaining portions can engage in the retaining grooves opposite to hold the heat shield block.
- the holding elements which are fastened on the heat shield block in opposite directions are guided with their attachment section in a fastening groove extending below the heat shield block in the support structure.
- the holding element additionally comprises a projection which engages in a material recess of the heat shield brick and in this case secures the heat shield brick against displacement in a direction parallel to the peripheral surface provided with the groove.
- the invention has for its object to provide a holding element of the type mentioned, with which a particularly secure attachment of a heat shield brick is made possible on a support structure.
- the holding element comprises at least partially at least two layers with mutually different expansion coefficients.
- the layers are designed in such a way that, upon operation of the heat shield brick with hot gas, to increase a holding force of the retaining element, an at least regional curvature of the retaining element is produced.
- the holding element has a layered structure according to the invention, which causes a deformation of the holding element due to the different expansion coefficients when the heating is operational.
- the layers are designed in such a way that the deformation, which can also be referred to as curvature, leads to an increase in the holding force of the holding element.
- the position, extent, thickness of the layers and / or the difference of the expansion coefficients and the fixation of the layers with each other be designed such that upon exposure of the heat shield brick with the operating temperature, the holding member curves in a desired manner, so that a holding force of the holding element is increased.
- the holding element may be equipped with one or more such areas.
- such layers may be formed in the holding portion, which cause a curvature of the holding portion such that when hot gas is properly applied, a force fit existing between the holding portion and engaging means with the engaging means is increased.
- such layers may be arranged in the attachment section. The layers may be formed such that when the heat shield is acted upon by the operating temperature, the upper side of the fastening section has a convex or concave curvature in a longitudinal direction of the fastening section.
- attachment portion at least partially comprises at least two such layers.
- the layers are arranged normal to the top one behind the other and extend substantially parallel to the top of the mounting portion.
- the attachment portion may consist of an elongated plate according to an embodiment of the holding element, which widened at its one end and is guided with this widened end tightly tolerated in a mounting groove of the support structure.
- the layers may extend as elongated strips in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the attachment portion and the sequence of expansion coefficients be selected such that the top of the attachment portion bulges convexly upon application of the operating temperature in the longitudinal direction of the attachment portion.
- the coefficient of expansion of the layers in the direction of the upper side decreases with each layer.
- the attachment portion comprises an elongated base plate made of a first material having a first coefficient of expansion and a leaf spring fixed on the upper side of the elongate base plate made of a second material having a second coefficient of expansion.
- Leaf spring and base plate consist in this case of correspondingly different material with different coefficients of expansion.
- the leaf spring extends in the longitudinal direction of the base plate.
- the second expansion coefficient is smaller than the first one.
- This embodiment of the invention leads to a curvature of the fastening portion with concave curvature of the top.
- the two layers consist of different nickel-based superalloys.
- one of the two layers may consist of HastelloyX.
- the trade name of the material is a registered trademark of Haynes International Inc. This nickel-based high-temperature superalloy is well-suited for use in gas turbines.
- the other of the two layers may for example consist of Nimonic90.
- Nimonic90 is a registered trademark of Special Metals Corporation. It is also a nickel-based superalloy with less expansion coefficient than HastelloyX. Since the coefficient of expansion of a material depends on the temperature range under consideration, the relevant expansion coefficient is given for the two materials as an example for the temperature values 200 and 400 ° C. material Temperature [° C] Coefficient of expansion [10 -6 / K] 200 12.5 30 Nimonic90 400 13, 8 200 14.2 HastelloyX 400 14.7
- Another object of the invention is to provide a heat shield of the aforementioned type and a lined with such a heat shield gas turbine and combustion chamber, with which a particularly secure attachment of a heat shield brick is made possible on a support structure.
- the object is achieved in a combustion chamber of the type mentioned above in that it is formed with a heat shield according to claim 7.
- FIG. 1 schematically shows a gas turbine 1 according to the invention in a longitudinal section.
- This comprises a compressor section 3, a combustion chamber section 5 and a turbine section 7.
- a shaft 9 extends through all sections of the gas turbine 1.
- the shaft 9 is provided with rings of compressor blades 11 and in the turbine section 7 with rings of turbine blades 13.
- Wreaths of compressor guide vanes 15 are located between the rotor blade rings in the compressor section 3 and rings of turbine guide vanes 17 in the turbine section 17.
- the guide vanes extend from the housing 19 of the gas turbine installation 1 essentially in the radial direction to the shaft 9.
- air 23 is sucked in through an air inlet 21 of the compressor section 3 and compressed by the compressor rotor blades 11.
- the compressed air is supplied to a combustion chamber 25 arranged in the combustion chamber 25, which is configured in the present embodiment as a lined with a heat shield 26 annular combustion chamber, in which a gaseous or liquid fuel via at least one burner 27 is injected.
- the resulting air-fuel mixture is ignited and burned in the combustion chamber 25.
- the hot combustion exhaust gases flow from the combustor 25 into the turbine section 7, where they expand and cool, imparting momentum to the turbine blades 13.
- the turbine guide vanes 17 serve as Nozzles for optimizing the momentum transfer to the blades 13.
- the rotation of the shaft 9 caused by the momentum transfer is used to drive a load such as an electric generator.
- the expanded and cooled combustion gases are finally discharged from the gas turbine 1 through an outlet 31.
- FIG. 2 shows a section of the in the Fig. 1 shown heat shield 26 according to a first embodiment.
- the axial direction of the combustion chamber is in Fig. 2 indicated by the arrow A.
- the heat shield 26 has a support structure 40 and heat shield bricks 42 fastened to the support structure 40, which are held on the support structure 40 by means of holding elements 44.
- the heat shield bricks are arranged under Spaltbemik 46, 48 in a marked with an arrow U circumferential direction U and an axial direction A of the combustion chamber 25 across the support structure 40, wherein the holding elements 44 projecting into the gap 46 extending in the axial direction A gap. To block the column against the entry of hot gas they can be flushed with cooling air.
- a heat shield brick 42 and a heat shield brick 42 to the support structure 40 fastened holding member 44 according to the in Fig. 2 illustrated embodiment are in Fig. 3 shown in detail.
- the heat shield brick 42 has a cold side 52 facing the support structure 40, a hot side 54 facing away from the support structure 40 and peripheral sides 58, 60 which connect the cold side 52 with the hot side 54.
- the circumferential sides 60 extend in the circumferential direction U of the combustion chamber and the peripheral sides 58 in the axial direction A.
- the two circumferential sides 58 are each provided with a groove 64 which also extends in the axial direction of the combustion chamber. In the groove 64 engages a holding portion 68 of the holding element 44 a.
- the holding member 44 is provided with a fixing portion (in the Fig. 3 not visible) in a mounting groove 70 of the support structure 40 out.
- a fixing portion in the Fig. 3 not visible
- the mounting groove 70 is designed so that it has only in a groove base 72 required for the insertion of the shoe width.
- the heat shield bricks 42 can be held on two opposite circumferential sides of two retaining elements 44, that is, a total of four retaining elements 44.
- the holding elements 44 of one of the two sides can be secured to the support structure 40 in the region of the shoe.
- the backup can be done for example by means of Arretiermaden.
- the shoes of the retaining elements 44 arranged on the opposite side can not be secured so that they can slide in order not to hinder the thermal expansion of the heat shield block.
- the Fig. 4 shows that in Fig. 3 shown retaining element 44 according to the invention in a single representation.
- the holding member 44 includes a fixing portion 80 attachable to a support structure of a heat shield, and a holding portion 68 formed to engage with an engaging device provided on a heat shield brick.
- the attachment section 80 has an upper side 81 which, with the attachment section 80 fastened to the support structure and the retaining section 68 engaging the heat shield block, faces the cold side of the heat shield block.
- the attachment portion 80 becomes in the illustrated embodiment by an elongated base plate 82 of a first material having a first coefficient of expansion and a leaf spring 84 fixed on the upper side of the elongate base plate 82 of a second material having a second expansion coefficient different from the first coefficient of expansion.
- the attachment portion 80 has a first layer 86, which in the present embodiment is identical to the elongate base plate 82, and a second layer 88, which is identical to the leaf spring 84 in the present embodiment, with mutually different expansion coefficients.
- the leaf spring 84 is fixed on the base plate 82.
- the two layers 86 and 88 are formed such that upon actuation of the heat shield brick with hot gas to increase a holding force of the holding element an at least partially curvature of the retaining element 44 is caused, namely in the present embodiment, a curvature of the mounting portion 80.
- a the surface 81 convex Curving deformation leads to an increase in the holding force of the holding element 44 by the restoring force of the holding element 44 is increased.
- a concave curving deformation of the surface 81 results in an increase in the holding force of the holding member, because the holding portion 68 engages the concave curvature of the fixing portion 80 at a steeper angle in the engagement means of the heat shield brick, thereby slipping out of the holding portion of the engagement means of the heat shield stone - perpendicular to the support structure on the heat shield stone forces acting - counteracted.
- FIG. 5 schematically shows a section of the in Fig. 1 illustrated heat shield 26 according to the invention in a sectional view.
- the heat shield 26 comprises a support structure 40 and heat shield bricks 42 fastened to the support structure 40 by means of holding elements 44.
- the heat shield bricks 42 each have a cold side 52 facing the support structure 40, a hot side 54 facing away from the support structure 40 Circumferential sides 58, 60, which connect the cold side 52 with the hot side 54.
- engaging means 94 are introduced in the form of grooves 64.
- the grooves 64 form towards the cold side a retaining bolt 65, which is in each case surrounded by a holding portion 68 of a holding element 44.
- the heat shield block 42 is held on the opposite circumferential sides 58, 60 by pairs of oppositely arranged holding elements 44.
- the pairs of oppositely arranged holding elements 44 are arranged with their attachment portion 80 in a support structure 40 extending in the mounting groove 70.
- one of the retaining elements 44 may be secured with a Arretiermade 96 in the mounting groove 70 and the opposite holding member 44 to move in thermal expansion of the heat shield brick 42 in the mounting groove.
- the attachment portion 80 of the holding element by an elongated base plate 82 made of a first material having a first expansion coefficient and a fixed to the top 81 of the elongated base plate 82 leaf spring 84 of a second material having a second expansion coefficient different from the first coefficient of expansion educated. If the heat shield 26 is acted upon with hot gas by the two layers, a deformation which increases the holding force, which can also be called a curvature, is caused by the two layers. As the coefficient of expansion of the layers decreases toward the top surface 81, the attachment portion 80 will take a course indicated by the lines 100. This corresponds to a concave curvature of the upper side 81.
- the holding portion digs more with its resting on the retaining latch end in the engaging means and slipping out of the holding portion of the engagement means 94 is counteracted.
- the attachment can thus withstand higher, acting on the heat shield block 42 perpendicular to the support structure forces, so that according to the invention, a holding force of the holding element is increased.
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Halteelement zum Halten eines an einer Tragstruktur gehaltenen Hitzeschildsteines und auf ein Hitzeschild sowie eine von dem Hitzeschild ausgekleidete Brennkammer und eine Gasturbine.The invention relates to a holding element for holding a heat shield brick held on a support structure and to a heat shield as well as a combustion chamber lined by the heat shield and a gas turbine.
In vielen technischen Anwendungen werden Hitzeschilde verwendet, welche Heißgasen von 1000 bis 1600 Grad widerstehen müssen. Insbesondere Gasturbinen, wie sie in stromerzeugenden Kraftwerken und in Flugzeugtriebwerken Verwendung finden, weisen entsprechend große durch Hitzeschilde abzuschirmende Flächen im Innern der Brennkammern auf. Wegen der thermischen Ausdehnung und wegen großer Abmessungen muss das Hitzeschild aus einer Vielzahl einzelner, im Allgemeinen keramischer Hitzeschildsteine zusammengesetzt werden, die voneinander mit einem ausreichenden Spalt beabstandet an einer Tragstruktur befestigt sind. Dieser Spalt bietet den Hitzeschildsteinen, die auch mit Hitzeschildelementen bezeichnet werden können, ausreichenden Raum für die thermische Ausdehnung.In many technical applications, heat shields are used which must withstand hot gases of 1000 to 1600 degrees. In particular, gas turbines, such as those used in power-generating power plants and in aircraft engines, have correspondingly large surfaces to be shielded by heat shields in the interior of the combustion chambers. Because of thermal expansion and large dimensions, the heat shield must be composed of a plurality of individual, generally ceramic heat shield bricks, spaced apart from each other with a sufficient gap to a support structure. This gap offers the heat shield bricks, which can also be called heat shield elements, sufficient space for thermal expansion.
Ein gattungsgemäßes Hitzeschild umfasst somit eine Tragstruktur und eine Anzahl von Hitzeschildsteinen, welche an der Tragstruktur mittels Halteelementen lösbar befestigt sind. Jeder der Hitzeschildsteine weist eine der Tragstruktur zugewandte Kaltseite und eine der Kaltseite gegenüberliegende, mit einem heißen Medium beaufschlagbare Heißseite auf. Das gattungsgemäße Halteelement weist einen an der Tragstruktur befestigbaren Befestigungsabschnitt und einen zum Eingriff in eine am Hitzeschildstein vorhandene Eingriffeinrichtung ausgebildeten Halteabschnitt auf. Der Befestigungsabschnitt weist bei an der Tragstruktur befestigtem Befestigungsabschnitt und am Hitzeschildstein eingreifendem Halteabschnitt eine Oberseite auf, welche der Kaltseite des Hitzeschildsteins zugewandt ist.A generic heat shield thus comprises a support structure and a number of heat shield bricks, which are releasably secured to the support structure by means of holding elements. Each of the heat shields has a cold side facing the support structure and a hot side which is opposite the cold side and can be charged with a hot medium. The generic retaining element has a fastening section which can be fastened to the support structure and a retaining section designed to engage in an engagement device provided on the heat shield block. When the attachment section is fastened to the support structure and the retaining section engaging the heat shield block, the attachment section has an upper side which faces the cold side of the heat shield block.
Die
Um die Sicherheit der Halterung weiter zu erhöhen, umfasst das Halteelement zusätzlich einen Vorsprung, der in eine Materialaussparung des Hitzeschildsteines eingreift und hierbei den Hitzeschildstein gegen ein Verschieben in eine Richtung parallel zu der mit der Nut versehenen Umfangsfläche sichert.In order to further increase the safety of the holder, the holding element additionally comprises a projection which engages in a material recess of the heat shield brick and in this case secures the heat shield brick against displacement in a direction parallel to the peripheral surface provided with the groove.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Halteelement der eingangs genannten Art anzugeben, mit welchem eine besonders sichere Befestigung eines Hitzeschildsteines an einer Tragstruktur ermöglicht wird.The invention has for its object to provide a holding element of the type mentioned, with which a particularly secure attachment of a heat shield brick is made possible on a support structure.
Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß bei einem Halteelement der eingangs genannten Art dadurch gelöst, dass das Halteelement zumindest bereichsweise mindestens zwei Schichten mit untereinander unterschiedlichen Ausdehnungskoeffizienten umfasst. Die Schichten sind derart ausgebildet, dass bei betriebsgemä-βer Beaufschlagung des Hitzeschildsteines mit Heißgas zur Erhöhung einer Haltekraft des Halteelementes eine zumindest bereichsweise Krümmung des Halteelementes hervorgerufen ist.The object is achieved in a holding element of the type mentioned above in that the holding element comprises at least partially at least two layers with mutually different expansion coefficients. The layers are designed in such a way that, upon operation of the heat shield brick with hot gas, to increase a holding force of the retaining element, an at least regional curvature of the retaining element is produced.
Erfindungsgemäß wird somit zur Erhöhung der Haltekraft der Halteelemente vorgeschlagen, die bei betriebsgemäßer Beaufschlagung des Hitzeschildsteines mit Heißgas hervorgerufene Erwärmung des Halteelementes zur Erhöhung der Haltekraft zu nutzen. Hierzu weist das Halteelement einen erfindungsgemäßen schichtförmigen Aufbau auf, welcher bei einer betriebgemäßen Erwärmung eine Verformung des Halteelementes aufgrund der unterschiedlichen Ausdehnungskoeffizienten hervorruft. Die Schichten sind derart ausgebildet, dass die Verformung, die auch mit Krümmung bezeichnet werden kann, zu einer Erhöhung der Haltekraft des Halteelementes führt. Beispielsweise kann die Lage, Ausdehnung, Dicke der Schichten und/oder die Differenz der Ausdehnungskoeffizienten sowie die Fixierung der Schichten untereinander derart ausgebildet sein, dass bei Beaufschlagung des Hitzeschildsteines mit der Betriebstemperatur das Halteelement sich in einer gewünschten Weise krümmt, so dass eine Haltekraft des Halteelementes erhöht ist.According to the invention, it is thus proposed to increase the holding force of the holding elements, to use the heating of the holding element caused by increasing the holding force when hot-gas is acted upon by the heat-shielding brick in accordance with the operation. For this purpose, the holding element has a layered structure according to the invention, which causes a deformation of the holding element due to the different expansion coefficients when the heating is operational. The layers are designed in such a way that the deformation, which can also be referred to as curvature, leads to an increase in the holding force of the holding element. For example, the position, extent, thickness of the layers and / or the difference of the expansion coefficients and the fixation of the layers with each other be designed such that upon exposure of the heat shield brick with the operating temperature, the holding member curves in a desired manner, so that a holding force of the holding element is increased.
Das Halteelement kann mit einem oder mehreren solchen Bereichen ausgestattet sein. Zum Beispiel können derartige Schichten im Halteabschnitt ausgebildet sein, die eine Krümmung des Halteabschnittes derart hervorrufen, dass bei betriebsgemäßer Beaufschlagung mit Heißgas ein mit der Eingriffseinrichtung bestehender Kraftschluss zwischen Halteabschnitt und Eingriffseinrichtung erhöht ist. Gemäß zwei weiteren Ausführungsbeispielen können derartige Schichten im Befestigungsabschnitt angeordnet sein. Die Schichten können derart ausgebildet sein, dass bei Beaufschlagung des Hitzeschildes mit der Betriebstemperatur die Oberseite des Befestigungsabschnitts in einer Längsrichtung des Befestigungsabschnittes eine konvexe oder konkave Krümmung aufweist. Dadurch lässt sich gemäß der ersten Alternative eine Rückstellkraft des Halteelementes erhöhen bzw. gemäß der zweiten Alternative ein Herausrutschen des Halteabschnitts aus der Eingriffseinrichtung entgegenwirken. Die Haltekraft ist also dadurch erhöht, dass die Befestigung stärkeren, an dem Hitzeschildstein angreifenden Kräften widerstehen kann.The holding element may be equipped with one or more such areas. For example, such layers may be formed in the holding portion, which cause a curvature of the holding portion such that when hot gas is properly applied, a force fit existing between the holding portion and engaging means with the engaging means is increased. According to two further embodiments, such layers may be arranged in the attachment section. The layers may be formed such that when the heat shield is acted upon by the operating temperature, the upper side of the fastening section has a convex or concave curvature in a longitudinal direction of the fastening section. As a result, according to the first alternative, a restoring force of the retaining element can be increased or, according to the second alternative, a slipping-out of the retaining section from the engagement device can be counteracted. The holding force is thus increased by the fact that the attachment can withstand stronger, acting on the heat shield stone forces.
Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung und in den Unteransprüchen angegeben, deren Merkmale einzeln und in beliebiger Kombination miteinander angewendet werden können.Advantageous embodiments of the invention are set forth in the following description and in the dependent claims, the features of which can be used individually and in any combination with each other.
Eine vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung der Erfindung kann vorsehen, dass der Befestigungsabschnitt zumindest bereichsweise mindestens zwei derartige Schichten umfasst. Die Schichten sind normal zur Oberseite hintereinander angeordnet und verlaufen im Wesentlichen parallel zur Oberseite des Befestigungsabschnittes.An advantageous embodiment of the invention may provide that the attachment portion at least partially comprises at least two such layers. The layers are arranged normal to the top one behind the other and extend substantially parallel to the top of the mounting portion.
Diese Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ermöglicht zum Beispiel je nach Ausgestaltung der Schichten eine Erhöhung der Rückstellkraft des Halteelementes und/oder des Kraftschlusses zwischen dem Halteabschnitts und dem Hitzeschildstein. Hierzu kann der Befestigungsabschnitt gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel des Halteelementes aus einer länglichen Platte bestehen, welche an ihrem einen Ende verbreitert ist und mit diesem verbreiterten Ende eng toleriert in einer Befestigungs-Nut der Tragstruktur geführt ist. Zur Erhöhung der Rückstellkraft des länglichen Befestigungsabschnitts können die Schichten als längliche Streifen in Richtung der Längsachse des Befestigungsabschnitts verlaufen und die Abfolge der Ausdehnungskoeffizienten derart gewählt sein, dass die Oberseite des Befestigungsabschnittes sich bei Beaufschlagung mit der Betriebstemperatur in Längsrichtung des Befestigungsabschnitts konvex wölbt.This embodiment of the invention allows, for example, depending on the design of the layers, an increase in the restoring force of the retaining element and / or the frictional connection between the holding portion and the heat shield stone. For this purpose, the attachment portion may consist of an elongated plate according to an embodiment of the holding element, which widened at its one end and is guided with this widened end tightly tolerated in a mounting groove of the support structure. To increase the restoring force of the elongate attachment portion, the layers may extend as elongated strips in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the attachment portion and the sequence of expansion coefficients be selected such that the top of the attachment portion bulges convexly upon application of the operating temperature in the longitudinal direction of the attachment portion.
Gemäß einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung kann zur Erhöhung des Kraftschlusses zwischen dem Halteabschnitt und dem Hitzeschildstein die Abfolge der Ausdehnungskoeffizienten andersherum gewählt sein, so dass die Oberseite eine konkave Wölbung erfährt.According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention may be chosen the other way round to increase the frictional connection between the holding portion and the heat shield block, the sequence of expansion coefficients, so that the top experiences a concave curvature.
Gemäß dieser vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung nimmt der Ausdehnungskoeffizient der Schichten in Richtung Oberseite mit jeder Schicht ab.According to this advantageous embodiment of the invention, the coefficient of expansion of the layers in the direction of the upper side decreases with each layer.
Vorteilhafter Weise kann weiter vorgesehen sein, dass der Befestigungsabschnitt eine längliche Grundplatte aus einem ersten Material mit einem ersten Ausdehnungskoeffizienten und eine auf der Oberseite der länglichen Grundplatte fixierte Blattfeder aus einem zweiten Material mit einem zweiten Ausdehnungskoeffizienten umfasst.Advantageously, it can further be provided that the attachment portion comprises an elongated base plate made of a first material having a first coefficient of expansion and a leaf spring fixed on the upper side of the elongate base plate made of a second material having a second coefficient of expansion.
Dies hat den Vorteil geringer Herstellungskosten, da auf Standardbauteile für die Blattfeder und die Grundplatte zurückgegriffen werden kann. Blattfeder und Grundplatte bestehen in diesem Fall aus entsprechend unterschiedlichem Material mit unterschiedlichem Ausdehnungskoeffizient. Die Blattfeder erstreckt sich in Längsrichtung der Grundplatte.This has the advantage of lower manufacturing costs, since standard components for the leaf spring and the base plate can be used. Leaf spring and base plate consist in this case of correspondingly different material with different coefficients of expansion. The leaf spring extends in the longitudinal direction of the base plate.
Vorteilhafter Weise ist der zweite Ausdehnungskoeffizient kleiner als der erste.Advantageously, the second expansion coefficient is smaller than the first one.
Diese Ausgestaltung der Erfindung führt zu einer Krümmung des Befestigungsabschnitts mit konkaver Wölbung der Oberseite.This embodiment of the invention leads to a curvature of the fastening portion with concave curvature of the top.
Weiter kann vorteilhaft vorgesehen sein, dass die beiden Schichten aus unterschiedlichen, nickelbasierten Superlegierungen bestehen.Furthermore, it can be advantageously provided that the two layers consist of different nickel-based superalloys.
Beispielsweise kann eine der beiden Schichten aus HastelloyX bestehen. Der Handelsname des Materials ist eine eingetragene Marke der Firma Haynes International Inc.. Diese nickelbasierte Superlegierung (nickel based high-temperature superalloy) eignet sich bekannterweise gut für den Einsatz in Gasturbinen.For example, one of the two layers may consist of HastelloyX. The trade name of the material is a registered trademark of Haynes International Inc. This nickel-based high-temperature superalloy is well-suited for use in gas turbines.
Hierzu passend kann die andere der beiden Schichten beispielsweise aus Nimonic90 bestehen.For this purpose, the other of the two layers may for example consist of Nimonic90.
Der Handelsname des Materials Nimonic90 ist eine eingetragene Marke der Firma Special Metals Corporation. Es handelt sich hierbei ebenfalls um eine nickelbasierte Superlegierung mit gegenüber HastelloyX geringerem Ausdehnungskoeffizienten. Da der Ausdehnungskoeffizient eines Materials vom betrachteten Temperaturbereich abhängt, sei für die beiden Materialien beispielhaft für die Temperaturwerte 200 und 400 °C Celsius der jeweils zugehörige Ausdehnungskoeffizient angegeben.
Die beiden genannten Materialien eignen sich allgemein für die Realisierung der Erfindung und können zur Ausgestaltung der Schichten gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9 verwendet werden.The two materials mentioned are generally suitable for the realization of the invention and can be used for the design of the layers according to one of claims 1 to 9.
Eine weitere Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, ein Hitzeschild der eingangs genannten Art sowie eine mit einem derartigen Hitzeschild ausgekleidete Gasturbine und Brennkammer anzugeben, mit welchem eine besonders sichere Befestigung eines Hitzeschildsteines an einer Tragstruktur ermöglicht wird.Another object of the invention is to provide a heat shield of the aforementioned type and a lined with such a heat shield gas turbine and combustion chamber, with which a particularly secure attachment of a heat shield brick is made possible on a support structure.
Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß bei einem Hitzeschild der eingangs genannten Art dadurch gelöst, dass mindestens ein Halteelement nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6 ausgebildet ist.The object is achieved in a heat shield of the type mentioned in that at least one holding element according to one of claims 1 to 6 is formed.
Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß bei einer Brennkammer der eingangs genannten Art dadurch gelöst, dass sie mit einem Hitzeschild gemäß Anspruch 7 ausgebildet ist.The object is achieved in a combustion chamber of the type mentioned above in that it is formed with a heat shield according to
Auch wird die Aufgabe bei einer Gasturbine der eingangs genannten Art dadurch gelöst, dass mindestens eine Brennkammer gemäß Anspruch 8 ausgebildet ist.The object is also achieved in a gas turbine of the type mentioned in that at least one combustion chamber is formed according to claim 8.
Weitere zweckmäßige Ausgestaltungen und Vorteile der Erfindung sind Gegenstand der Beschreibung von Ausführungsbeispielen der Erfindung unter Bezug auf die Figur der Zeichnung, wobei gleiche Bezugszeichen auf gleich wirkende Bauteile verweisen.Further expedient refinements and advantages of the invention are the subject matter of the description of embodiments of the invention with reference to the figure of the drawing, wherein like reference numerals refer to the same acting components.
Dabei zeigt die
- Fig. 1
- eine schematische Darstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Gasturbine in einem Längsschnitt gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel,
- Fig. 2
- schematisch einen Ausschnitt des in
Fig.1 dargestellten erfindungsgemäßen Hitzeschildes in einer Draufsicht, - Fig. 3
- eine Seitenansicht eines Hitzeschildsteins und eines Halteelements des in
Fig.2 dargestellten Hitzeschildes im Detail, - Fig. 4
- das in
Fig. 3 dargestellte Halteelement in einer Einzeldarstellung, und - Fig. 5
- schematisch einen Ausschnitt des in
Fig.1 dargestellten erfindungsgemäßen Hitzeschildes in einer Schnittdarstellung.
- Fig. 1
- FIG. 2 a schematic representation of a gas turbine according to the invention in a longitudinal section according to an exemplary embodiment, FIG.
- Fig. 2
- schematically a section of the in
Fig.1 illustrated heat shield according to the invention in a plan view, - Fig. 3
- a side view of a heat shield stone and a holding element of in
Fig.2 shown heat shield in detail, - Fig. 4
- this in
Fig. 3 illustrated holding element in a single representation, and - Fig. 5
- schematically a section of the in
Fig.1 illustrated heat shield according to the invention in a sectional view.
Die
Im Betrieb der Gasturbine 1 wird Luft 23 durch einen Lufteinlass 21 des Verdichterabschnittes 3 eingesaugt und von den Verdichterlaufschaufeln 11 komprimiert. Die komprimierte Luft wird einer im Brennkammerabschnitt 5 angeordneten Brennkammer 25, die im vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel als eine mit einem Hitzeschild 26 ausgekleidete Ringbrennkammer ausgestaltet ist, zugeleitet, in die auch ein gasförmiger oder flüssiger Brennstoff über wenigstens einen Brenner 27 eingedüst wird. Das dadurch entstehende Luft-Brennstoff-Gemisch wird gezündet und in der Brennkammer 25 verbrannt. Entlang des Strömungspfades 29 strömen die heißen Verbrennungsabgase von der Brennkammer 25 in den Turbinenabschnitt 7, wo sie expandieren und abkühlen und dabei Impuls auf die Turbinenlaufschaufeln 13 übertragen. Die Turbinenleitschaufeln 17 dienen dabei als Düsen zum Optimieren des Impulsübertrages auf die Laufschaufeln 13. Die durch den Impulsübertrag herbeigeführte Rotation der Welle 9 wird dazu genutzt, einen Verbraucher, beispielsweise einen elektrischen Generator, anzutreiben. Die entspannten und abgekühlten Verbrennungsgase werden schließlich durch einen Auslass 31 aus der Gasturbine 1 abgeleitet.During operation of the gas turbine 1,
Die
Das Hitzeschild 26 weist eine Tragstruktur 40 und an der Tragstruktur 40 befestigte Hitzeschildsteine 42 auf, welche mittels Halteelementen 44 an der Tragstruktur 40 gehalten sind. Die Hitzeschildsteine sind unter Spaltbelassung 46, 48 in einer mit einem Pfeil U gekennzeichneten Umfangsrichtung U und einer Axialrichtung A der Brennkammer 25 flächendeckend an der Tragstruktur 40 angeordnet, wobei die Halteelemente 44 in die in Axialrichtung A verlaufende Spaltbelassung 46 hineinragen. Zum Sperren der Spalte gegen den Eintritt von Heißgas können diese mit Kühlluft gespült werden.The
Ein Hitzeschildstein 42 sowie ein den Hitzeschildstein 42 an der Tragstruktur 40 befestigendes Halteelement 44 gemäß dem in
Das Halteelement 44 ist mit einem Befestigungsabschnitt (in der
Die Hitzeschildsteine 42 können an zwei gegenüberliegenden Umfangsseiten von jeweils zwei Halteelementen 44, also insgesamt von vier Halteelementen 44, gehalten werden. Die Halteelemente 44 einer der beiden Seiten können im Bereich des Schuhs an der Tragstruktur 40 gesichert sein. Die Sicherung kann beispielsweise mittels Arretiermaden erfolgen. Die Schuhe der an der gegenüberliegenden Seite angeordneten Halteelemente 44 können nicht gesichert sein, sodass sie gleiten können, um die thermische Dehnung des Hitzeschildsteines nicht zu behindern.The
Die
Claims (9)
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
das Halteelement (44) zumindest bereichsweise mindestens zwei Schichten (86, 88) mit untereinander unterschiedlichen Ausdehnungskoeffizienten umfasst, wobei die Schichten (86, 88) derart ausgebildet sind, dass bei betriebsgemäßer Beaufschlagung des Hitzeschildsteines (42) mit Heißgas zur Erhöhung einer Haltekraft des Halteelementes (44) eine zumindest bereichsweise Krümmung des Halteelementes (44) hervorgerufen ist.Retaining element (44) for holding a heat shield brick (42) on a support structure (40) with at least one attachment portion (80) attachable to the support structure (40) and at least one retention portion (68) adapted to engage a heat shield brick (42) Engagement means (94) is formed, wherein the fastening portion (80) at the attached to the support structure (40) mounting portion (80) and the heat shield brick (42) engaging the holding portion (68) one of the cold side (52) of the heat shield brick facing top (81) .
characterized in that
the holding element (44) at least partially comprises at least two layers (86, 88) with mutually different coefficients of expansion, wherein the layers (86, 88) are formed such that upon energetic loading of the heat shield brick (42) with hot gas to increase a holding force of the holding element (44) an at least partially curvature of the holding element (44) is caused.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
der Befestigungsabschnitt (80) zumindest bereichsweise mindestens zwei derartige Schichten (86, 88) umfasst, wobei die Schichten (86, 88) normal zur Oberseite (81) hintereinander angeordnet sind und im Wesentlichen parallel zur Oberseite (81) des Befestigungsabschnittes (80) verlaufen.Retaining element (44) according to claim 1,
characterized in that
the attachment portion (80) at least partially comprises at least two such layers (86, 88), wherein the layers (86, 88) are arranged normal to the top (81) one behind the other and substantially parallel to the top (81) of the attachment portion (80) ,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
der Ausdehnungskoeffizient der Schichten (86, 88) in Richtung Oberseite (81) mit jeder Schicht (86, 88) abnimmt.Retaining element (44) according to claim 1 or 2,
characterized in that
the coefficient of expansion of the layers (86, 88) towards the top (81) decreases with each layer (86, 88).
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
der Befestigungsabschnitt (80) eine längliche Grundplatte (82) aus einem ersten Material mit einem ersten Ausdehnungskoeffizienten und eine auf der Oberseite (81) der länglichen Grundplatte (82) fixierte Blattfeder (84) aus einem zweiten Material mit einem zweiten Ausdehnungskoeffizienten umfasst.Retaining element (44) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the attachment portion (80) comprises an elongated base plate (82) of a first material having a first coefficient of expansion and a leaf spring (84) of a second material having a second coefficient of expansion fixed to the upper surface (81) of the elongate base plate (82).
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
der zweite Ausdehnungskoeffizient kleiner als der erste ist.Retaining element (44) according to claim 4,
characterized in that
the second expansion coefficient is smaller than the first one.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
die beiden Schichten (86, 88) aus unterschiedlichen, nickelbasierten Superlegierungen bestehen.Retaining element (44) according to claim 4 or 5,
characterized in that
the two layers (86, 88) consist of different nickel-based superalloys.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
mindestens ein Halteelement (44) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6 ausgebildet ist.A heat shield (26) for a combustor (25) of a gas turbine (1), having a support structure (40) and a plurality of heat shield bricks (42) releasably secured to the support structure (40) by retaining members (44), each heat shield brick (42) has a cold side (52) facing the support structure (40) and a hot side (54) which is opposite to the cold side (52) and can be charged with a hot medium,
characterized in that
at least one holding element (44) according to one of claims 1 to 6 is formed.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
das Hitzeschild (26) nach Anspruch 7 ausgebildet ist.Combustion chamber (25), which is lined with a heat shield (26),
characterized in that
the heat shield (26) is formed according to claim 7.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
mindestens eine Brennkammer (25) nach Anspruch 8 ausgebildet ist.Gas turbine (1) with at least one combustion chamber (25),
characterized in that
at least one combustion chamber (25) is formed according to claim 8.
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP13154010.6A EP2762782A1 (en) | 2013-02-05 | 2013-02-05 | Holding element for holding a heat shield stone to a support structure |
RU2014103768/06A RU2014103768A (en) | 2013-02-05 | 2014-02-04 | HOLDING ELEMENT FOR HOLDING A HEAT-PROTECTED STONE STONE ON A CARRYING STRUCTURE |
CN201410044816.4A CN103968422A (en) | 2013-02-05 | 2014-02-07 | Holding element for holding a heat shield stone to a support structure |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP13154010.6A EP2762782A1 (en) | 2013-02-05 | 2013-02-05 | Holding element for holding a heat shield stone to a support structure |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2762782A1 true EP2762782A1 (en) | 2014-08-06 |
Family
ID=47720326
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP13154010.6A Withdrawn EP2762782A1 (en) | 2013-02-05 | 2013-02-05 | Holding element for holding a heat shield stone to a support structure |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2762782A1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN103968422A (en) |
RU (1) | RU2014103768A (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102017206502A1 (en) | 2017-04-18 | 2018-10-18 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Holding element for fixing a heat shield element and combustion chamber with heat shield, which comprises such a holding element |
WO2019141522A1 (en) | 2018-01-22 | 2019-07-25 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Component for positioning a heat shield element |
DE102019219845A1 (en) * | 2019-12-17 | 2021-06-17 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Heat shield tile for a combustion chamber and combustion chamber |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP3002519B1 (en) * | 2014-09-30 | 2020-05-27 | Ansaldo Energia Switzerland AG | Combustor arrangement with fastening system for combustor parts |
WO2021121862A1 (en) * | 2019-12-17 | 2021-06-24 | Siemens Energy Global GmbH & Co. KG | Heat shield tile for a combustion chamber, and combustion chamber |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1701122A2 (en) * | 2005-03-11 | 2006-09-13 | Plibrico G.m.b.H. | Heat shield element and method for manufacturing the same |
EP1715248A1 (en) | 2005-04-19 | 2006-10-25 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Holding element and heatshield member for a heatshield and combustion chamber including said heatshield |
DE102008023052A1 (en) * | 2008-05-09 | 2009-12-03 | Eads Deutschland Gmbh | Combustion chamber wall for combustion chamber, has inner wall, outer wall and cooling channel located between inner wall and outer wall, where bridges are arranged and formed between inner wall and outer wall |
EP2236928A1 (en) * | 2009-03-17 | 2010-10-06 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Heat shield element |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1701095B1 (en) * | 2005-02-07 | 2012-01-18 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Heat shield |
US8141370B2 (en) * | 2006-08-08 | 2012-03-27 | General Electric Company | Methods and apparatus for radially compliant component mounting |
-
2013
- 2013-02-05 EP EP13154010.6A patent/EP2762782A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2014
- 2014-02-04 RU RU2014103768/06A patent/RU2014103768A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2014-02-07 CN CN201410044816.4A patent/CN103968422A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1701122A2 (en) * | 2005-03-11 | 2006-09-13 | Plibrico G.m.b.H. | Heat shield element and method for manufacturing the same |
EP1715248A1 (en) | 2005-04-19 | 2006-10-25 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Holding element and heatshield member for a heatshield and combustion chamber including said heatshield |
DE102008023052A1 (en) * | 2008-05-09 | 2009-12-03 | Eads Deutschland Gmbh | Combustion chamber wall for combustion chamber, has inner wall, outer wall and cooling channel located between inner wall and outer wall, where bridges are arranged and formed between inner wall and outer wall |
EP2236928A1 (en) * | 2009-03-17 | 2010-10-06 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Heat shield element |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102017206502A1 (en) | 2017-04-18 | 2018-10-18 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Holding element for fixing a heat shield element and combustion chamber with heat shield, which comprises such a holding element |
WO2019141522A1 (en) | 2018-01-22 | 2019-07-25 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Component for positioning a heat shield element |
DE102018200926A1 (en) | 2018-01-22 | 2019-07-25 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Component for positioning a heat shield element |
DE102019219845A1 (en) * | 2019-12-17 | 2021-06-17 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Heat shield tile for a combustion chamber and combustion chamber |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN103968422A (en) | 2014-08-06 |
RU2014103768A (en) | 2015-08-10 |
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