EP2758745B1 - Simulation chamber and method for setting off explosive charges contained in freight in a controlled manner - Google Patents
Simulation chamber and method for setting off explosive charges contained in freight in a controlled manner Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2758745B1 EP2758745B1 EP12775633.6A EP12775633A EP2758745B1 EP 2758745 B1 EP2758745 B1 EP 2758745B1 EP 12775633 A EP12775633 A EP 12775633A EP 2758745 B1 EP2758745 B1 EP 2758745B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- mobile radio
- mobile
- freight
- chamber
- mobile terminal
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- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 title claims description 54
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 title claims description 50
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 21
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 63
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 claims description 49
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 238000013500 data storage Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000013270 controlled release Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002594 fluoroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000037452 priming Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009781 safety test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008685 targeting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D5/00—Safety arrangements
- F42D5/02—Locating undetonated charges
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B33/00—Manufacture of ammunition; Dismantling of ammunition; Apparatus therefor
- F42B33/06—Dismantling fuzes, cartridges, projectiles, missiles, rockets or bombs
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D5/00—Safety arrangements
- F42D5/04—Rendering explosive charges harmless, e.g. destroying ammunition; Rendering detonation of explosive charges harmless
Definitions
- the invention relates to a simulation chamber for the controlled release of explosives contained in cargo under simulated conditions according to the preamble of claim 1.
- the invention further relates to a method for the controlled release of explosives contained in freight in such a simulation chamber according to the preamble of claim 2.
- Real-time conditions are specified in the explosion chamber, which correspond to the actual ambient conditions or the expected environmental conditions on the intended flight route. If there is a detonable explosive device in the cargo to be investigated, the detonator of which responds to the conditions simulated in the explosion chamber, the detonator is triggered and detonated in the explosion chamber.
- the cargo to be examined is usually destroyed. However, it can be prevented in this way that the cargo containing the explosive charge enters the aircraft and detonated during the flight or landing.
- the known simulation chambers are capable of detecting explosives contained in a cargo, their detonators on barometric signals (positive or negative pressure), acoustic signals (such as sound waves in the frequency range of 1-20kHz, the top of a detectable sound pressure) or electromagnetic signals (such as radio signals in the frequency range between 120 kHz and 1GHz) respond.
- barometric signals positive or negative pressure
- acoustic signals such as sound waves in the frequency range of 1-20kHz, the top of a detectable sound pressure
- electromagnetic signals such as radio signals in the frequency range between 120 kHz and 1GHz
- a method is known with which a controlled release of mobile-triggered explosive devices can be made via a mobile station in a secure location.
- trigger signals are sent from a stationary wireless terminal to mobile stations, which are arranged within a detonation zone of an explosive device and can trigger the explosive device. If there is a mobile station within the detonation zone that is set up to trigger the explosive device, it will be prematurely and safely detonated at a safe location, thereby preventing it from doing damage to another location.
- the object of the invention is to further develop a generic simulation chamber and the generic method for the controlled release of explosives contained in cargo so that it is also possible to detect explosive charges which are not detectable with the previously known examination and test methods.
- the mobile detonator could not be detected by the usual testing methods, such as X-ray checks, since the cargo package contained no conventional mobile phone (which might possibly have been detected by X-ray inspection), but because only the electronics Board of a conventional mobile station has been installed in the electronic unit of the printer, so that this board could not be recognized as a mobile station and thus not as mobile detonator for the built-in explosive device.
- the freight package would also have a check in a generic simulation chamber easily happened because the conventional simulation chambers are not able to detect explosives with mobilfunkgentierbaren detonators and to detonate.
- the invention provides for the detection of such explosive devices activatable by a mobile radio terminal, a mobile radio test device with which a mobile terminal contained in the cargo is detectable when the cargo is placed in a closed explosion chamber, are specified in the real-time conditions that comply with ambient conditions of the Cargoes on its intended transport route.
- a “mobile terminal” is understood to be any electronic device or component that is able to fulfill at least the essential functions of a mobile device and, in particular, can log into a mobile network in order to receive and / or transmit signals there.
- a mobile radio terminal is understood to be an electronic device or component which can log into a mobile radio network in order to receive signals and serve as a receiver for the ignition command of an explosive device and if necessary be able to transmit an ignition signal to an explosive device. This may be e.g. to trade a GSM module without a display and without a keyboard.
- the mobile radio test device is located in the simulation chamber and sends a test signal to the interior of the blast chamber, the test signal having sufficient signal strength to be received by a conventional mobile radio terminal located in the cargo being inspected.
- the of the Mobilfunktest adopted in the explosion chamber sent mobile radio signals (test signals) simulate mobile base stations. Appropriately, such mobile radio signals are simulated by mobile base stations, which are sent at the intended destination of the cargo or an intermediate destination of a local local mobile base station and are receivable from conventional mobile terminals.
- the mobile radio signals transmitted by the mobile radio test device into the explosion chamber correspond to such (downlink) mobile radio signals that are transmitted in particular by public mobile radio networks on the intended transport path of the freight and in particular at the destination and / or at intermediate destinations and can be received by a mobile radio terminal.
- all mobile networks are simulated in this way, which are available at the destination of the cargo and expediently also at all intermediate destinations and there emit mobile radio signals via mobile phone base stations.
- the mobile radio test device is preferably set up in such a way that it sends a test signal (mobile radio signal) to the explosion chamber which causes a mobile radio terminal located inside the explosion chamber to emit a signal that can be received by the mobile radio test device.
- a test signal mobile radio signal
- each mobile radio terminal which is located in the interior of the explosion chamber, preferably causes a corresponding uplink signal to be sent, which can be received by the mobile radio test device.
- the mobile radio test device is designed and set up in such a way that it sends an "update" signal into the explosion chamber, which causes and preferably every mobile radio terminal contained in the freight to carry out a so-called “location update”.
- This "location update” enables the mobile terminal to access a mobile radio network which is simulated by the mobile radio test facility and which corresponds to a mobile radio network available at the destination or at an intermediate destination of the freight.
- access to the simulated by the mobile radio network mobile network access to the simulated by the mobile radio network mobile network, the network components and / or - settings of the or each mobile terminal for or on the simulated by the mobile radio network mobile network updated.
- the user location predetermined for the mobile station is changed in a data store or directory (in GSM networks, for example, the "Home Location Register” (HLR) of the mobile station) such that a simulated user location is set.
- HLR Home Location Register
- the fake of a changed user location can also be done by sending a message to the "HomeAgent" of the terminal.
- the simulated user location is the intended destination of the cargo and / or an intermediate destination located on the intended cargo route.
- the mobile radio test facility is set up in such a way that it detects a "location update" which is carried out or at least initiated by a mobile radio terminal located inside the explosion chamber. If the mobile radio test device determines that at least one mobile radio terminal located inside the explosion chamber has performed or at least initiated a location update, this is expediently stored in a database or displayed on a screen.
- the mobile radio test device can preferably also be set up in such a way that it issues a warning signal if the performance of a "location update" has been detected by a mobile radio terminal located in the freight.
- the display on a screen or the delivery of a warning signal indicates that at least one mobile radio terminal, which is located in the interior of the explosion chamber, has logged into a mobile network simulated by the mobile radio test facility.
- the mobile radio test facility is then able and expediently set up to record the identification data of such a mobile radio terminal, which has logged into a simulated mobile radio network, and to store it appropriately in a database or a test protocol. In this way it is possible, each mobile station, which is located in the simulation chamber and at the same time in one of the Mobile radio test facility has logged simulated mobile network to uniquely identify.
- the "International Mobile Subscriber Identity” (IMSI) and / or the “International Mobile Station Equipment Identity” (IMEI) of the relevant mobile terminal are read out by the mobile radio test facility and appropriately stored in the database or the test protocol. Also stored on the SIM card of the mobile station identification data can be read out and stored for this purpose by the mobile radio test facility.
- IMSI International Mobile Subscriber Identity
- IMEI International Mobile Station Equipment Identity
- the mobile station can communicate with the mobile station (s) concerned, i. Replace mobile radio signals.
- the mobile radio test facility is preferably set up so that it can read the mobile number (call number) of each mobile radio terminal via this communication path, which is in a communication connection with the mobile radio test facility. After reading the mobile phone numbers (phone number), the mobile radio test device using these mobile numbers can call all mobile terminals, which have logged into a simulated by the mobile phone test facility mobile network.
- a mobile radio terminal concerned is designed as a detonator for a mobile-radio-activated explosive device
- the explosive device is detonated by the mobile radio device in a call of the mobile station in question and the freight packet in which the explosive device with the associated mobile radio terminal is located is destroyed.
- the mobile radio test facility is set up in such a way that it reads out the identification data of the mobile radio terminal (in particular the data stored on the SIM card) before a possible detonation of an explosive device and stores it in a database or a test protocol. Furthermore, the mobile radio test facility is appropriately set up so that it can detect the position of each mobile radio terminal in the interior of the explosion chamber by means of a transit time measurement, which has logged into at least one mobile radio network simulated by the mobile radio test facility.
- a relevant mobile station which serves as an igniter for the detonated explosive device was designed to identify and if necessary assign a user and / or a freight package that was part of the examined cargo.
- an ignition signal can, for example, an integrated "wake-up", a call signal ("ringing") from the signal generator (Beeper) or from the earpiece with the help of brazed wires removed and with a simple amplifier (transistor) using the batteries of the mobile device to an electrical Priming capsule can be adapted.
- these signals are also available on the expansion plug-in device of the mobile station.
- Some mobile devices also turn on the lights during a call.
- Their operating voltage can also be used as retrofit signal via retrofitted connecting wires.
- Such modifications of mobile radio terminals are poor or not recognizable in the X-ray image, which is why conventional fluoroscopy could not detect a mobile radio terminal designed as an igniter for an explosive device and contained in an airfreight package.
- IL ORANGE public mobile radio network preselection
- the Israeli mobile network operator is stored as the only approved mobile network on the SIM card of the mobile station.
- the mobile station is then switched on arbitrary ways, e.g. brought to Germany and, together with the explosive device, which contains an explosive charge and a primer, hidden in an airfreight piece.
- the energy storage (battery) of the mobile station Prior to the closure of the airfreight package, the energy storage (battery) of the mobile station is charged (which allows for many conventional mobile terminals standby times of more than 2 weeks). The mobile station is then turned on and entered the valid PIN number. The cargo is then handed over to a freight forwarder and passes through the usual stations and security controls until it is on the plane to its destination, provided all controls are passed.
- SMS short message
- the relevant mobile station will receive the permanently emitted identifier of the shared mobile network "IL ORANGE" and register there immediately. After logging in, it will take about 2 minutes for the mobile station configured as detonator for the explosive device to automatically receive a call from the local mobile network of the destination in order to transmit the short message or the mailbox content. This call then ignites the explosive device in the air or on the ground.
- the mailbox could also transmit a code containing the blast command.
- the mobile station is active and has logged into one of the locally available mobile networks via the automatic network selection mode, or at least has listened to the local cell broadcast messages and otherwise behaves passively (Manual network prefix, a foreign, locally unavailable network is selected).
- a trained as a detonator mobile radio terminal is detectable only if it succeeds to cause its transmitting part to deliver one or more BURST signals.
- the targeting of the device interference radiation (emissions of the receiver) is not possible because it is extremely low and above all only for a few milliseconds. Therefore, the invention proposes the simulation of mobile radio base stations (BST) with matching flight path suitable properties and identifiers to detect a designed as a detonator mobile station in a simulation chamber and trigger an explosive charge contained in the cargo in an explosion chamber, thereby preventing in that the explosive device enters an aircraft.
- BST mobile radio base stations
- FIG. 1 a simulation chamber according to the invention is shown schematically. This comprises an explosion chamber 1 with an explosion-proof housing 1 a, in which the cargo 2 to be examined is brought.
- the explosion chamber 1 is closed for this purpose with a gate.
- a Mobilfunktest issued 4 is arranged in the control cabinet 3 .
- the mobile radio test device 4 is connected via radio-frequency cable 5 with antennas 6, which are located within the explosion chamber 1.
- an EMF filter is arranged in the high-frequency connection between the mobile radio test device 4 and the antennas 6, which filters out radio-frequency interference radiation from the environment.
- the mobile radio test device 4 has a transmitting unit and a receiving unit, via which it can transmit or receive mobile radio signals. Via the antenna 6, a mobile radio test signal is sent into the interior of the explosion chamber 1 by the mobile radio test device 4.
- the mobile radio test signals emitted by the mobile radio test device simulate mobile radio signals from base stations of available mobile radio networks. In the following it is assumed that the mobile radio test signals of the mobile radio test facility in this way simulate base stations of GSM mobile radio networks. It is further assumed that the simulation chamber is used to investigate an air cargo to be transported with an aircraft, which is introduced into the explosion chamber 1 for this purpose.
- the planned air freight route, in particular the destination and any intermediate destinations (intermediate landing sites) are known and are stored in a database in the control program of the simulation chamber.
- the names of the intermediate landing places and the destination (3-letter code) are supplied to the mobile radio test facility by an extension of the simulation control program. From a database maintained by telephone remote maintenance, the mobile radio test device searches out the data for the network simulation, such as the network simulation. the country code, the network number, the network operator, the location area code, etc ...
- a network monitor receives the "cell broadcast messages" of the base stations available locally (ie at the location of the simulation chamber), determines the occupancy of the traffic channels and transmits the received data to the control program of the Mobile testing facility.
- the mobile radio test facility recognizes the channel assignment by local base stations and can switch to unoccupied channels.
- the mobile radio test facility After the start of the main simulation process (after closing the gates of the explosion chamber 1), the mobile radio test facility first simulates all local mobile radio networks with modified location code with about 5 to 10 times the field strength (related to the interior of the explosion chamber) and the request for a location update. in order to simulate a change in location for the mobile stations in the cargo to be examined.
- the mobile stations respond to it and perform a "location update", ie they establish a mobile connection with the mobile radio device to log in there.
- Each local area network is simulated in this way for about 3 minutes.
- the receiving part of the mobile radio test facility detects any "location update” attempts by mobile terminals that are in the cargo and automatically causes a signal or alarm, which is displayed for example on a screen on the control cabinet 3.
- all active and functional mobile terminals are located, which are located in the explosion chamber and are released for the local mobile networks and could act as mobile detonator for explosives.
- the flight route includes a stopover
- all local mobile networks available at the intermediate ports are simulated.
- the simulation is performed on a free broadcast channel frequency with the features provided by the database (Country, Network, LAC, Network operator name, etc.).
- each network is expediently provided with a simulation time of at least 5 minutes. This takes into account that a mobile terminal that has not found its home network for a long time, for reasons of power saving, the network search slower.
- the mobile radio test device has established a mobile radio connection with a mobile radio terminal located in the explosion chamber, the mobile radio terminal in the explosion chamber by means of a hand-held antenna in a special Operating mode are targeted, or be called by the mobile radio test facility. If the mobile station in question is designed as an explosive device detonator to ignite the explosive device in the event of a call, this will cause a detonation.
- the IMSI and IMEI of the recorded mobile stations will be identified and made available in a database or a protocol.
- database data such as device type and especially the name and address of the device declarer can be determined.
- the simulation of mobile radio channels on the channels of the local mobile network operators can cause a collision with the mobile network operators, because the commercial mobile networks can be disturbed by the simulation or because of the mobile traffic of these networks intervene. Since the detection method according to the invention takes place only in the closed explosion chamber, however, due to the shielding effect of the explosion chamber, a very limited range of the disturbance can be expected. At best, the fault can still be detected within a maximum range of 50 - 150 m around the explosion chamber, which should be acceptable in practical operation, taking into account the preference of the security concerns against the interests of the network operators.
- the "mobile phone protection area" can be minimized by additional shielding in the explosion chamber, which, however, increases the cost.
- the invention is not limited to the embodiment described.
- mobile radio networks of the second generation GSM networks
- mobile networks of higher generations 2.5G, 3G networks, etc.
- the invention is not limited to the application for safety testing of air freight.
- the inventive simulation of mobile networks in a generic simulation chamber can also be used in combination with other simulation methods, such as the simulation of under- and / or over-pressure, the simulation of sound waves and / or electromagnetic waves, the emission of gases or radioactive radiation or a location or position simulation via a GPS system, based on the planned transport route the cargo is simulated by means of a GPS transmitter possible locations that are simulated to any GPS receivers contained in the cargo.
- the location or position simulation via a GPS system can also be carried out without the inventive mobile radio network simulation and independently of the other simulation methods.
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Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Simulationskammer zum kontrollierten Auslösen von in Frachtgut enthaltenen Sprengsätzen unter simulierten Bedingungen nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1. Die Erfindung betrifft ferner ein Verfahren zum kontrollierten Auslösen von in Frachtgut enthaltenen Sprengsätzen in einer solchen Simulationskammer nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 2.The invention relates to a simulation chamber for the controlled release of explosives contained in cargo under simulated conditions according to the preamble of
Gemäß gesetzlicher Vorschriften sind alle Fracht- und Postsendungen, die mit einem Luftfahrzeug transportiert werden sollen, vor der Verladung einer Frachtkontrolle zu unterziehen, um Manipulationen auszuschließen und insbesondere zu verhindern, dass Frachtgut in ein Luftfahrzeug gelangt, welches einen explosionsfähigen Sprengsatz enthält. Die Durchsuchung größerer Fracht- und Gepäckmengen durch das Bodenpersonal ist jedoch teuer und zeitintensiv und zudem gefährlich. Es werden daher sogenannte Simulationskammern bzw. Explosions- oder Detonationskammern eingesetzt, in denen große Fracht-, Luftpost, -und Gepäckmengen auf Sprengsätze überprüft werden können, deren Zünder auf barometrische, akustische oder elektromagnetische Signale ansprechen. Eine solche Simulationskammer ist beispielsweise aus der
Die bekannten Simulationskammern sind in der Lage, in einer Fracht enthaltene Sprengsätze zu detektieren, deren Zünder auf barometrische Signale (Über- oder Unterdruck), akustische Signale (wie zum Beispiel Schallwellen im Frequenzbereich von 1-20kHz, die Oberhalb eines detektierbaren Schalldrucks liegen) oder elektromagnetische Signale (wie zum Beispiel Funksignale im Frequenzbereich zwischen 120 kHz und 1GHz) ansprechen.The known simulation chambers are capable of detecting explosives contained in a cargo, their detonators on barometric signals (positive or negative pressure), acoustic signals (such as sound waves in the frequency range of 1-20kHz, the top of a detectable sound pressure) or electromagnetic signals (such as radio signals in the frequency range between 120 kHz and 1GHz) respond.
In jüngster Zeit sind Frachtpakete aufgetaucht, die mit Sprengsätzen versehen waren, welche nicht von den bekannten Simulationskammern und auch nicht mit anderen bekannten Luftfrachtprüfungsverfahren (wie zum Beispiel durch eine Röntgenuntersuchung oder durch Sprengstoff-Spurendetektion) erkennbar waren.Recently, freight packages have emerged which have been equipped with explosive devices which were not recognizable by the known simulation chambers and not by other known air cargo inspection methods (such as by X-ray examination or by explosive trace detection).
Aus der
Hiervon ausgehend liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zu Grunde, eine gattungsgemäße Simulationskammer sowie das gattungsgemäße Verfahren zum kontrollierten Auslösen von in Frachtgut enthaltenen Sprengsätzen so weiter zu bilden, dass auch Sprengsätze erkannt werden können, welche mit den bisher bekannten Untersuchungs- und Prüfverfahren nicht detektierbar sind.Proceeding from this, the object of the invention is to further develop a generic simulation chamber and the generic method for the controlled release of explosives contained in cargo so that it is also possible to detect explosive charges which are not detectable with the previously known examination and test methods.
Diese Aufgabe wird mit einer Simulationskammer mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 und mit einem Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 2 gelöst. Bevorzugte Ausführungsvarianten der Simulationskammer und des Verfahrens sind den abhängigen Ansprüchen zu entnehmen.This object is achieved with a simulation chamber having the features of
Ende Oktober 2010 wurden aus dem Jemen Frachtpakete mit Sprengsätzen nach Chicago verschickt. Das Frachtpaket war dabei als Drucker mit einer manipulierten Druckerpatrone getarnt und konnte alle Sicherheitskontrollen, die auch an den Zwischenzielen auf Flughäfen in Köln/Bonn und London durchgeführt worden sind, problemlos passieren. Durch glückliche Umstände konnte das Frachtpaket aufgrund geheimdienstlicher Informationen am Zwischenziel London aus dem Luftfahrzeug entfernt werden, bevor es zu der vorgesehenen Detonation des Sprengsatzes am Zielflughafen in Chicago kommen konnte. Nach sorgfältiger Untersuchung des aus dem Luftfahrzeug entfernten Frachtpakets hat sich herausgestellt, dass in der manipulierten Druckerpatrone Sprengstoff eingefüllt worden ist, der über einen Mobilfunk-Zünder zur Detonation gebracht werden sollte. Der Mobilfunk-Zünder konnte auch durch die gängigen Prüfungsverfahren, wie zum Beispiel Röntgen-Kontrollen, nicht detektiert werden, da in dem Frachtpaket kein herkömmliches Mobilfunktelefon enthalten war (welches von der Röntgenkontrolle möglicherweise noch hätte detektiert werden können), sondern weil lediglich die Elektronik-Platine eines herkömmlichen Mobilfunkendgeräts in die elektronische Einheit des Druckers eingebaut worden ist, so dass diese Platine nicht als Mobilfunkendgerät und damit nicht als Mobilfunkzünder für den eingebauten Sprengsatz erkannt werden konnte. Das Frachtpaket hätte auch eine Überprüfung in einer gattungsgemäßen Simulationskammer problemlos passiert, da die herkömmlichen Simulationskammern nicht in der Lage sind, Sprengsätze mit mobilfunkaktivierbaren Zündern zu erfassen und zur Detonation zu bringen.At the end of October 2010, freight packages with explosive devices were sent to Chicago from Yemen. The cargo package was disguised as a printer with a manipulated printer cartridge and could easily pass all security checks, which were also carried out at the interim destinations at airports in Cologne / Bonn and London. Due to fortunate circumstances, the cargo package could be removed from the aircraft due to secret service information at the interim destination London, before it reached the intended Detonation of the explosive device could arrive at the destination airport in Chicago. After careful examination of the removed from the aircraft cargo package has been found that in the manipulated printer cartridge explosives has been filled, which should be detonated via a cellular igniter. The mobile detonator could not be detected by the usual testing methods, such as X-ray checks, since the cargo package contained no conventional mobile phone (which might possibly have been detected by X-ray inspection), but because only the electronics Board of a conventional mobile station has been installed in the electronic unit of the printer, so that this board could not be recognized as a mobile station and thus not as mobile detonator for the built-in explosive device. The freight package would also have a check in a generic simulation chamber easily happened because the conventional simulation chambers are not able to detect explosives with mobilfunkaktivierbaren detonators and to detonate.
Die Erfindung sieht zur Erfassung solcher Sprengsätze, die durch ein Mobilfunkendgerät aktivierbar sind, eine Mobilfunktesteinrichtung vor, mit der ein in dem Frachtgut enthaltenes Mobilfunkendgerät detektierbar ist, wenn das Frachtgut in eine abgeschlossene Explosionskammer eingebracht wird, in der Echtzeitbedingungen vorgegeben werden, die mit Umgebungsbedingungen des Frachtguts auf seinem vorgesehenen Transportweg übereinstimmen. Unter einem "Mobilfunkendgerät" wird dabei jedes elektronische Gerät oder Bauteil verstanden, das in der Lage ist, zumindest die Wesentlichen Funktionen eines Mobilfunkgeräts zu erfüllen und sich insbesondere in ein Mobilfunknetz einloggen kann, um dort Signale zu empfangen und/oder zu senden. Insbesondere wird unter einem Mobilfunkendgerät ein elektronisches Gerät oder Bauteil verstanden, welches sich in ein Mobilfunknetz einloggen kann, um Signale zu empfangen und als Empfänger für den Zündbefehl eines Sprengsatzes zu dienen und ggf. in der Lage ist, ein Zündsignal an einen Sprengsatz zu übertragen. Dabei kann es sich z.B. um ein GSM-Modul ohne Display und ohne Tastatur handeln.The invention provides for the detection of such explosive devices activatable by a mobile radio terminal, a mobile radio test device with which a mobile terminal contained in the cargo is detectable when the cargo is placed in a closed explosion chamber, are specified in the real-time conditions that comply with ambient conditions of the Cargoes on its intended transport route. A "mobile terminal" is understood to be any electronic device or component that is able to fulfill at least the essential functions of a mobile device and, in particular, can log into a mobile network in order to receive and / or transmit signals there. In particular, a mobile radio terminal is understood to be an electronic device or component which can log into a mobile radio network in order to receive signals and serve as a receiver for the ignition command of an explosive device and if necessary be able to transmit an ignition signal to an explosive device. This may be e.g. to trade a GSM module without a display and without a keyboard.
Die Mobilfunktesteinrichtung ist in bzw. an der Simulationskammer angeordnet und sendet ein Testsignal in das Innere der Explosionskammer, wobei das Testsignal eine ausreichende Signalstärke aufweist, um von einem herkömmlichen Mobilfunkendgerät, das sich in dem zu untersuchenden Frachtgut befindet, empfangen werden kann. Die von der Mobilfunktesteinrichtung in die Explosionskammer gesendeten Mobilfunksignale (Testsignale) simulieren dabei Mobilfunkbasisstationen. Zweckmäßig werden solche Mobilfunksignale von Mobilfunkbasisstationen simuliert, welche am vorgesehenen Zielort des Frachtguts oder einem Zwischenziel von einer dortigen lokalen Mobilfunkbasisstation gesendet werden und von herkömmlichen Mobilfunkendgeräten empfangbar sind.The mobile radio test device is located in the simulation chamber and sends a test signal to the interior of the blast chamber, the test signal having sufficient signal strength to be received by a conventional mobile radio terminal located in the cargo being inspected. The of the Mobilfunktesteinrichtung in the explosion chamber sent mobile radio signals (test signals) simulate mobile base stations. Appropriately, such mobile radio signals are simulated by mobile base stations, which are sent at the intended destination of the cargo or an intermediate destination of a local local mobile base station and are receivable from conventional mobile terminals.
Die von der Mobilfunktesteinrichtung in die Explosionskammer gesendeten Mobilfunksignale entsprechen hierfür solchen (downlink-)Mobilfunksignalen, die insbesondere von öffentlichen Mobilfunknetzen auf dem vorgesehenen Transportweg des Frachtguts und insbesondere am Zielort und/oder an Zwischenzielen ausgesendet werden und von einem Mobilfunkendgerät empfangbar sind. Idealerweise werden auf diese Weise sämtliche Mobilfunknetze simuliert, die am Zielort des Frachtguts und zweckmäßig auch an allen Zwischenzielen verfügbar sind und dort über Mobilfunkbasisstationen Mobilfunksignale aussenden.For this purpose, the mobile radio signals transmitted by the mobile radio test device into the explosion chamber correspond to such (downlink) mobile radio signals that are transmitted in particular by public mobile radio networks on the intended transport path of the freight and in particular at the destination and / or at intermediate destinations and can be received by a mobile radio terminal. Ideally, all mobile networks are simulated in this way, which are available at the destination of the cargo and expediently also at all intermediate destinations and there emit mobile radio signals via mobile phone base stations.
Bevorzugt ist die Mobilfunktesteinrichtung so eingerichtet, dass sie in die Explosionskammer ein Testsignal (Mobilfunksignal) sendet, welches ein sich im Inneren der Explosionskammer befindliches Mobilfunkendgerät veranlasst, ein von der Mobilfunktesteinrichtung empfangbares Signal abzugeben. Bevorzugt wird dabei jedes Mobilfunkendgerät, das sich im Inneren der Explosionskammer befindet, veranlasst ein entsprechendes uplink-Signal zu versenden, welches von der Mobilfunktesteinrichtung empfangen werden kann.The mobile radio test device is preferably set up in such a way that it sends a test signal (mobile radio signal) to the explosion chamber which causes a mobile radio terminal located inside the explosion chamber to emit a signal that can be received by the mobile radio test device. In this case, each mobile radio terminal, which is located in the interior of the explosion chamber, preferably causes a corresponding uplink signal to be sent, which can be received by the mobile radio test device.
Besonders zweckmäßig ist die Mobilfunktesteinrichtung so ausgestaltet und eingerichtet, dass sie ein "Update"-Signal in die Explosionskammer sendet, welches ein und bevorzugt jedes im Frachtgut enthaltenes Mobilfunkendgerät veranlasst, ein sogenanntes "location update" durchzuführen. Durch diesen "location update" wird dem Mobilfunkendgerät der Zugang zu einem Mobilfunknetz ermöglicht, welches von der Mobilfunktesteinrichtung simuliert wird und welches einem am Zielort oder an einem Zwischenziel des Frachtguts verfügbaren Mobilfunknetz entspricht. Um dem bzw. jedem Mobilfunkendgerät, das sich im Inneren der Explosionskammer befindet, den Zugang zu dem von der Mobilfunktesteinrichtung simulierten Mobilfunknetz zu ermöglichen, werden die Netzwerkkomponenten und/oder - Einstellungen des bzw. jedes Mobilfunkendgeräts für bzw. auf das von der Mobilfunktesteinrichtung simulierte Mobilfunknetz aktualisiert. Dadurch wird erreicht, dass sich jedes Mobilfunkendgerät, das sich im Inneren der Explosionskammer befindet, zwangsläufig in das von der Mobilfunktesteinrichtung simulierte Mobilfunknetz einloggt, sofern das Mobilfunkendgerät dazu in der Lage ist. Auf diese Weise wird gewährleistet, dass jedes Mobilfunkendgerät, das sich im Inneren der Explosionskammer befindet und gleichzeitig in der Lage ist, sich in ein Mobilfunknetz einzuloggen, das am Zielort oder an einem Zwischenziel des Frachtguts verfügbar ist, auch tatsächlich in das von der Mobilfunktesteinrichtung simulierte Mobilfunknetz einloggt und auf diese Weise von der Mobilfunktesteinrichtung erkannt werden kann.Particularly suitably, the mobile radio test device is designed and set up in such a way that it sends an "update" signal into the explosion chamber, which causes and preferably every mobile radio terminal contained in the freight to carry out a so-called "location update". This "location update" enables the mobile terminal to access a mobile radio network which is simulated by the mobile radio test facility and which corresponds to a mobile radio network available at the destination or at an intermediate destination of the freight. In order to enable the or each mobile terminal located in the interior of the explosion chamber, access to the simulated by the mobile radio network mobile network, the network components and / or - settings of the or each mobile terminal for or on the simulated by the mobile radio network mobile network updated. This ensures that each mobile terminal, which is located inside the explosion chamber, inevitably logs into the simulated by the Mobilfunktesteinrichtung mobile network, if the mobile station is capable of doing so. In this way, it is ensured that each mobile terminal located inside the explosion chamber and at the same time being able to log on to a mobile network available at the destination or at an intermediate destination of the cargo will actually be simulated by the mobile terminal Mobile network logs in and can be detected in this way by the mobile radio test facility.
Bei einem von dem Mobilfunkendgerät durchgeführten "location update" wird in einem Datenspeicher oder -verzeichnis (in GSM-Netzen beispielsweise dem "Home Location Register" (HLR) des Mobilfunkendgeräts) der dem Mobilfunkendgerät vorgegebene Benutzerstandort so geändert, dass ein vorgetäuschter Benutzerstandort eingestellt wird. In WLAN-basierten Netzen kann die Vortäuschung eines geänderten Benutzerstandorts auch durch Versendung einer Mitteilung an den "HomeAgent" des Endgeräts erfolgen. Bei dem vorgetäuschten Benutzerstandort handelt es sich um den vorgesehenen Zielort des Frachtguts und/oder um ein Zwischenziel, welches sich auf der vorgesehenen Transportroute des Frachtguts befindet.In a "location update" carried out by the mobile station, the user location predetermined for the mobile station is changed in a data store or directory (in GSM networks, for example, the "Home Location Register" (HLR) of the mobile station) such that a simulated user location is set. In WLAN-based networks, the fake of a changed user location can also be done by sending a message to the "HomeAgent" of the terminal. The simulated user location is the intended destination of the cargo and / or an intermediate destination located on the intended cargo route.
Zweckmäßig ist die Mobilfunktesteinrichtung so eingerichtet, dass sie ein "location update" erfasst, das von einem sich im Inneren der Explosionskammer befindlichen Mobilfunkendgerät durchgeführt oder zumindest veranlasst wird. Stellt die Mobilfunktesteinrichtung fest, dass wenigstens ein sich im Inneren der Explosionskammer befindliches Mobilfunkendgerät ein "location update" durchgeführt oder zumindest veranlasst hat, wird dies zweckmäßig in einer Datenbank abgespeichert oder auf einem Bildschirm zur Anzeige gebracht. Die Mobilfunktesteinrichtung kann bevorzugt auch so eingerichtet sein, dass sie ein Warnsignal abgibt, wenn die Durchführung eines " location update" durch ein in der Fracht befindliches Mobilfunkendgerät erfasst worden ist. Die Anzeige auf einem Bildschirm oder die Abgabe eines Warnsignals zeigt an, dass sich wenigstens ein Mobilfunkendgerät, welches sich im Inneren der Explosionskammer befindet, in ein von der Mobilfunktesteinrichtung simuliertes Mobilfunknetz eingeloggt hat. Die Mobilfunktesteinrichtung ist dann in der Lage und zweckmäßig dafür eingerichtet, die Identifikationsdaten eines solchen Mobilfunkendgeräts, welches sich in ein simuliertes Mobilfunknetz eingeloggt hat, zu erfassen und zweckmäßig in einer Datenbank oder einem Prüfprotokoll zu speichern. Auf diese Weise ist es möglich, jedes Mobilfunkendgerät, das sich in der Simulationskammer befindet und gleichzeitig in ein von der Mobilfunktesteinrichtung simuliertes Mobilfunknetz eingeloggt hat, eindeutig zu identifizieren. Hierfür werden insbesondere die "International Mobile Subscriber Identity" (IMSI) und/oder die "International Mobile Station Equipment Identity" (IMEI) des betreffenden Mobilfunkendgerätes von der Mobilfunktesteinrichtung ausgelesen und zweckmäßig in der Datenbank oder dem Prüfprotokoll abgespeichert. Auch die auf der SIM-Karte des Mobilfunkendgeräts gespeicherten Identifikationsdaten können zu diesem Zweck von der Mobilfunktesteinrichtung ausgelesen und abgespeichert werden.Suitably, the mobile radio test facility is set up in such a way that it detects a "location update" which is carried out or at least initiated by a mobile radio terminal located inside the explosion chamber. If the mobile radio test device determines that at least one mobile radio terminal located inside the explosion chamber has performed or at least initiated a location update, this is expediently stored in a database or displayed on a screen. The mobile radio test device can preferably also be set up in such a way that it issues a warning signal if the performance of a "location update" has been detected by a mobile radio terminal located in the freight. The display on a screen or the delivery of a warning signal indicates that at least one mobile radio terminal, which is located in the interior of the explosion chamber, has logged into a mobile network simulated by the mobile radio test facility. The mobile radio test facility is then able and expediently set up to record the identification data of such a mobile radio terminal, which has logged into a simulated mobile radio network, and to store it appropriately in a database or a test protocol. In this way it is possible, each mobile station, which is located in the simulation chamber and at the same time in one of the Mobile radio test facility has logged simulated mobile network to uniquely identify. For this purpose, in particular the "International Mobile Subscriber Identity" (IMSI) and / or the "International Mobile Station Equipment Identity" (IMEI) of the relevant mobile terminal are read out by the mobile radio test facility and appropriately stored in the database or the test protocol. Also stored on the SIM card of the mobile station identification data can be read out and stored for this purpose by the mobile radio test facility.
Wenn sich wenigstens ein in der Explosionskammer befindliches Mobilfunkendgerät in wenigstens ein von der Mobilfunktesteinrichtung simuliertes Mobilfunknetz eingeloggt hat, kann die Mobilfunktesteinrichtung mit dem oder den betreffenden Mobilfunkendgeräten kommunizieren, d.h. Mobilfunksignale austauschen. Die Mobilfunktesteinrichtung ist bevorzugt so eingerichtet, dass sie über diesen Kommunikationsweg die Mobilfunknummer (Rufnummer) jedes Mobilfunkendgerätes auslesen kann, welches in einer Kommunikationsverbindung mit der Mobilfunktesteinrichtung steht. Nach dem Auslesen der Mobilfunknummern (Rufnummer) kann die Mobilfunktesteinrichtung unter Verwendung dieser Mobilfunknummern alle Mobilfunkendgeräte anrufen, welche sich in ein von der Mobilfunktesteinrichtung simuliertes Mobilfunknetz eingeloggt haben. Sofern ein betreffendes Mobilfunkendgerät als Zünder für einen mobilfunkaktivierbaren Sprengsatz ausgebildet ist, wird der Sprengsatz bei einem Anruf des betreffenden Mobilfunkendgeräts durch die Mobilfunktesteinrichtung zur Detonation gebracht und das Frachtpaket, in dem sich der Sprengsatz mit dem zugehörigen und als Zünder ausgebildeten Mobilfunkendgerät befindet, wird zerstört.When at least one mobile station located in the explosion chamber has logged into at least one mobile network simulated by the mobile station, the mobile station can communicate with the mobile station (s) concerned, i. Replace mobile radio signals. The mobile radio test facility is preferably set up so that it can read the mobile number (call number) of each mobile radio terminal via this communication path, which is in a communication connection with the mobile radio test facility. After reading the mobile phone numbers (phone number), the mobile radio test device using these mobile numbers can call all mobile terminals, which have logged into a simulated by the mobile phone test facility mobile network. If a mobile radio terminal concerned is designed as a detonator for a mobile-radio-activated explosive device, the explosive device is detonated by the mobile radio device in a call of the mobile station in question and the freight packet in which the explosive device with the associated mobile radio terminal is located is destroyed.
Besonders zweckmäßig ist die Mobilfunktesteinrichtung so eingerichtet, dass sie vor einer möglichen Detonation eines Sprengsatzes die Identifikationsdaten des Mobilfunkendgeräts ausliest (insbesondere die auf der SIM-Karte gespeicherten Daten) und in eine Datenbank bzw. ein Prüfprotokoll abspeichert. Weiterhin ist die Mobilfunktesteinrichtung zweckmäßig so eingerichtet, dass sie mittels einer Laufzeitmessung die Position jedes Mobilfunkendgeräts im Inneren der Explosionskammer erfassen kann, welches sich in wenigstens ein von der Mobilfunktesteinrichtung simuliertes Mobilfunknetz eingeloggt hat. Dadurch ist es (auch nach einer erfolgten Detonation eines Sprengsatzes in der Simulationskammer) möglich, ein betreffendes Mobilfunkendgerät, welches als Zünder für den detonierten Sprengsatz ausgebildet war, zu identifizieren und ggf. einem Benutzer und/oder einem Frachtpaket, das Bestandteil des untersuchten Frachtguts war, zuzuordnen.Particularly expedient the mobile radio test facility is set up in such a way that it reads out the identification data of the mobile radio terminal (in particular the data stored on the SIM card) before a possible detonation of an explosive device and stores it in a database or a test protocol. Furthermore, the mobile radio test facility is appropriately set up so that it can detect the position of each mobile radio terminal in the interior of the explosion chamber by means of a transit time measurement, which has logged into at least one mobile radio network simulated by the mobile radio test facility. This makes it possible (even after a detonation of an explosive device in the simulation chamber), a relevant mobile station, which serves as an igniter for the detonated explosive device was designed to identify and if necessary assign a user and / or a freight package that was part of the examined cargo.
Diese und weitere Vorteile der Erfindung gehen aus dem nachfolgend beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispiel im Einzelnen hervor.These and other advantages of the invention will become apparent from the embodiment described below in detail.
Es wird angenommen, dass - zur Verfolgung terroristischer Ziele - die Sprengung eines Großflugzeugs beabsichtigt ist, indem ein Frachtpaket mit einem Sprengsatz in das Flugzeug geschleust werden soll. Weiterhin wird angenommen, dass der Sprengsatz über ein Mobilfunkendgerät, insbesondere ein originales oder auch ein modifiziertes GSM-Mobilteil, gezündet werden soll, indem sich das Mobilfunkendgerät am Zielort oder einem Zwischenziel der vorgesehenen Flugroute in ein dort lokal verfügbares Mobilfunknetz einloggt, um von einer lokalen Basisstation dieses Mobilfunknetzes ein Signal zur Zündung des Sprengsatzes zu erhalten.It is believed that, in order to pursue terrorist objectives, it is intended to detonate a large aircraft by smuggling a cargo packet with an explosive device into the aircraft. Furthermore, it is assumed that the explosive device via a mobile station, in particular an original or a modified GSM handset to be ignited by the mobile station logs in at the destination or an intermediate destination of the proposed flight route in a locally available mobile network to from a local Base station of this mobile network to receive a signal to ignite the explosive device.
Als Zündsignal kann bspw. eine integrierte "Weckfunktion", ein Anrufsignal (" Anrufton") vom Signalgeber (Beeper) oder von der Hörkapsel mit Hilfe von angelöteten Drähten abgenommen und mit einem einfachen Verstärker (Transistor) unter Nutzung der Akkus des Mobilfunkendgeräts an eine elektrische Zündkapsel adaptiert werden. Je nach Gerätetyp sind diese Signale auch an der Erweiterungssteckvorrichtung des Mobilfunkendgeräts verfügbar. Bei einigen Mobilfunkendgeräten wird bei einem Anruf auch die Beleuchtung eingeschaltet. Deren Betriebsspannung ist ebenfalls über nachträglich installierte Anschlussdrähte als Zündsignal verwertbar. Derartige Modifikationen von Mobilfunkendgeräten sind im Röntgenbild schlecht oder gar nicht erkennbar, weshalb eine herkömmliche Röntgendurchleuchtung ein als Zünder für einen Sprengsatz ausgebildetes und in einem Luftfrachtpaket enthaltenes Mobilfunkendgerät nicht detektieren könnte.As an ignition signal can, for example, an integrated "wake-up", a call signal ("ringing") from the signal generator (Beeper) or from the earpiece with the help of brazed wires removed and with a simple amplifier (transistor) using the batteries of the mobile device to an electrical Priming capsule can be adapted. Depending on the device type, these signals are also available on the expansion plug-in device of the mobile station. Some mobile devices also turn on the lights during a call. Their operating voltage can also be used as retrofit signal via retrofitted connecting wires. Such modifications of mobile radio terminals are poor or not recognizable in the X-ray image, which is why conventional fluoroscopy could not detect a mobile radio terminal designed as an igniter for an explosive device and contained in an airfreight package.
Die Verwendung von digitalen Schnittstellen eines Mobilfunkendgeräts (wie Infrarotschnittstelle oder Busschnittstelle) zur Sprengsatz-Zündung ist ebenfalls denkbar, erfordert zwar höheren technischen Aufwand, ist durch die erfindungsgemäße Detektionstechnik aber ebenfalls abgedeckt. Grundsätzlich kann davon ausgegangen werden, dass die Auslösung des Zündmechanismus durch ein Mobilfunkendgerät nur am Boden oder je nach den geografischen Gegebenheiten in Flughöhen bis ca. 4000 m erfolgen kann.The use of digital interfaces of a mobile station (such as infrared interface or bus interface) for explosive device ignition is also conceivable, although requires higher technical complexity, but is also covered by the detection technique of the invention. Basically, it can be assumed that the triggering of the ignition mechanism by a mobile station can only be done on the ground or depending on the geographical conditions at altitudes up to 4000 m.
Der für Attentäter simpelste und erfolgversprechendste Einsatz läuft dann folgendermaßen ab: Im Zielland (z.B. Israel) wird ein Mobilfunkendgerät beschafft, dessen PIN-Nummer und Anrufnummer bekannt sind. Das Gerät wird im heimischen Netz (bspw. dem öffentlichen Mobilfunknetz "IL ORANGE") angemeldet, auf manuelle Netzvorwahl = IL ORANGE eingestellt und dann wieder abgeschaltet. Dadurch ist der israelische Mobilfunknetzbetreiber als einzig freigegebenes Mobilfunknetz auf der SIM-Karte des Mobilfunkendgeräts abgespeichert. Das Mobilfunkendgerät wird dann auf beliebigen Wegen z.B. nach Deutschland gebracht und zusammen mit dem Sprengsatz, der eine Sprengstoffladung und einen Zündsatz enthält, in einem Luftfrachtstück verborgen. Vor dem Verschluss des Luftfrachtpakets wird der Energiespeicher (Akku) des Mobilfunkendgeräts aufgeladen (wodurch bei vielen herkömmlichen Mobilfunkendgeräten Bereitschaftszeiten von mehr als 2 Wochen ermöglicht werden). Das Mobilfunkendgerät wird danach eingeschaltet und die gültige PIN-Nummer eingegeben. Das Frachtstück wird dann einem Spediteur übergeben und durchläuft die üblichen Stationen und Sicherheitskontrollen, bis es dann im Flugzeug zum Zielort unterwegs ist, sofern alle Kontrollen passiert werden.The most simple and most successful use for assassins is as follows: In the destination country (for example Israel) a mobile terminal is obtained whose PIN number and call number are known. The device is registered in the domestic network (eg the public mobile radio network "IL ORANGE"), set to manual network preselection = IL ORANGE and then switched off again. As a result, the Israeli mobile network operator is stored as the only approved mobile network on the SIM card of the mobile station. The mobile station is then switched on arbitrary ways, e.g. brought to Germany and, together with the explosive device, which contains an explosive charge and a primer, hidden in an airfreight piece. Prior to the closure of the airfreight package, the energy storage (battery) of the mobile station is charged (which allows for many conventional mobile terminals standby times of more than 2 weeks). The mobile station is then turned on and entered the valid PIN number. The cargo is then handed over to a freight forwarder and passes through the usual stations and security controls until it is on the plane to its destination, provided all controls are passed.
Mittlerweile wurde in Israel an die bekannte Anrufnummer des betreffenden Mobilfunkendgeräts eine Kurzmitteilung (SMS) aufgegeben oder an eine vorher eingerichtete Mailbox ein Anruf abgegeben.In the meantime, a short message (SMS) has been placed in Israel on the known call number of the relevant mobile terminal or a call has been made to a previously set up mailbox.
Wenn das Flugzeug in die Nähe des Zielorts gelangt ist und sich im Anflug auf die Landebahn befindet, wird das betreffende Mobilfunkendgerät die ständig ausgesendete Kennung des freigegebenen Mobilfunknetzes "IL ORANGE" empfangen und sich sofort dort anmelden. Nach erfolgter Anmeldung dauert es noch etwa 2 Minuten, bis das als Zünder für den Sprengsatz ausgebildete Mobilfunkendgerät vom lokalen Mobilfunknetz des Zielorts automatisch einen Anruf erhält, um die Kurzmitteilung oder den Mailboxinhalt zu übermitteln. Dieser Anruf zündet dann den Sprengsatz noch in der Luft oder am Boden. Die Mailbox könnte außerdem einen Code übermitteln, der das Sprengkommando enthält.If the aircraft has reached the vicinity of the destination and is approaching the runway, the relevant mobile station will receive the permanently emitted identifier of the shared mobile network "IL ORANGE" and register there immediately. After logging in, it will take about 2 minutes for the mobile station configured as detonator for the explosive device to automatically receive a call from the local mobile network of the destination in order to transmit the short message or the mailbox content. This call then ignites the explosive device in the air or on the ground. The mailbox could also transmit a code containing the blast command.
Weitere terroristische Anwendungen eines Mobilfunkendgeräts sind denkbar, erfordern aber zusätzliche Einrichtungen wie z.B. Verzögerungsuhren, damit die Zündung nicht zur falschen Zeit oder am falschen Ort erfolgt. Durch das Mobilfunkendgerät könnte auch z.B. ein Höhenzünder freigegeben werden oder eine Sprengung am Abflugort veranlasst werden. Allen oben beschriebenen terroristischen Anwendungen ist gemeinsam, dass sich ein betriebsbereites Mobilfunkendgerät in der Fracht oder im Gepäck des Flugzeugs befindet. Es ist wegen der unüberschaubaren Vielzahl von möglichen Rufnummern und wegen des unbekannten Netzwahlmodus unmöglich, ein als Sprengsatzzünder ausgebildetes Mobilfunkendgerät mittels eines Anrufs zu identifizieren oder die Sprengung (in einer Explosionskammer) zu veranlassen, um dadurch zu verhindern, dass das Frachtpaket mit dem Sprengsatz in das Flugzeug gelangt. Außerdem muss das als Sprengsatzzünder ausgebildete Mobilfunkendgerät eingeschaltet sein, um den Sprengsatz zünden zu können, da nach einem automatischen Einschalten nicht die PIN-Nummer über das Display eingeben werden kann, wenn sich das Mobilfunkendgerät in dem Frachtpaket im Flugzeug befindet.Other terrorist applications of a mobile station are conceivable, but require additional facilities such as delay clocks, so that the ignition does not take place at the wrong time or in the wrong place. The mobile radio terminal could also be used, for example, to release an altitude fuze or to initiate a detonation at the point of departure. All terrorist applications described above have in common that an operational mobile terminal is in the cargo or in the luggage of the aircraft. It is impossible because of the unmanageable multitude of possible numbers and because of the unknown network selection mode to identify a trained as a detonator mobile terminal by means of a call or to cause the blasting (in an explosion chamber), thereby preventing the cargo package with the explosive device in the Airplane arrives. In addition, trained as explosive detonator mobile terminal must be turned on to ignite the explosive device, since after an automatic power on the PIN number can not be entered via the display when the mobile station is in the cargo package in the plane.
Es wird daher davon ausgegangen, dass das Mobilfunkendgerät aktiv ist und sich in eines der lokal verfügbaren Mobilfunknetze über den automatischen Netzwahlmodus eingeloggt hat, oder zumindest die lokalen Cell- Broadcast- Nachrichten abgehört hat und sich ansonsten weiter passiv verhält (Manuelle Netzvorwahl, ein ausländisches, lokal nicht verfügbares Netz ist selektiert).It is therefore assumed that the mobile station is active and has logged into one of the locally available mobile networks via the automatic network selection mode, or at least has listened to the local cell broadcast messages and otherwise behaves passively (Manual network prefix, a foreign, locally unavailable network is selected).
Ein als Sprengsatzzünder ausgebildetes Mobilfunkendgerät ist nur detektierbar, wenn es gelingt, sein Sendeteil zur Abgabe eines oder mehrerer BURST-Signale zu veranlassen. Das Anpeilen der Gerätestörstrahlung (Emissionen des Empfängers) ist nicht möglich, da diese extrem gering und vor allem nur für einige Millisekunden vorhanden ist. Deshalb schlägt die Erfindung die Simulation von Mobilfunk-Basisstationen (BST) mit zur vorgesehenen Flugroute passenden Eigenschaften und Kennungen vor, um ein als Sprengsatzzünder ausgebildetes Mobilfunkendgerät in einer Simulationskammer zu detektieren und einen in dem Frachtgut enthaltenen Sprengsatz in einer Explosionskammer auszulösen, um dadurch zu verhindern, dass der Sprengsatz in ein Flugzeug gelangt.A trained as a detonator mobile radio terminal is detectable only if it succeeds to cause its transmitting part to deliver one or more BURST signals. The targeting of the device interference radiation (emissions of the receiver) is not possible because it is extremely low and above all only for a few milliseconds. Therefore, the invention proposes the simulation of mobile radio base stations (BST) with matching flight path suitable properties and identifiers to detect a designed as a detonator mobile station in a simulation chamber and trigger an explosive charge contained in the cargo in an explosion chamber, thereby preventing in that the explosive device enters an aircraft.
In
Die Explosionskammer 1 ist zu diesem Zweck mit einem Tor verschließbar. Außerhalb der Explosionskammer befindet sich ein Steuerschrank 3 der eine Steuerelektronik mit einem Steuerprogramm (Steuersoftware) zur Steuerung der Simulationsfunktionen der Simulationskammer enthält. In dem Steuerschrank 3 ist eine Mobilfunktesteinrichtung 4 angeordnet. Die Mobilfunktesteinrichtung 4 ist über Hochfrequenz-Kabel 5 mit Antennen 6 verbunden, die sich innerhalb der Explosionskammer 1 befinden. Zweckmäßig ist in der Hochfrequenz-Verbindung zwischen der Mobilfunktesteinrichtung 4 und den Antennen 6 ein EMF-Filter angeordnet, der Hochfrequenz-Störstrahlung aus der Umgebung ausfiltert.The
Die Mobilfunktesteinrichtung 4 verfügt über eine Sendeeinheit und eine Empfangseinheit, über welche sie Mobilfunksignale senden bzw. empfangen kann. Über die Antenne 6 wird von der Mobilfunktesteinrichtung 4 ein Mobilfunk-Testsignal in das Innere der Explosionskammer 1 gesendet. Die von der Mobilfunktesteinrichtung ausgesendeten Mobilfunk-Testsignale simulieren dabei Mobilfunksignale von Basisstationen von verfügbaren Mobilfunknetzen. Im Folgenden wird davon ausgegangen, dass die Mobilfunktestsignale der Mobilfunktesteinrichtung auf diese Weise Basisstationen von GSM-Mobilfunknetzen simulieren. Es wird weiterhin davon ausgegangen, dass mit der Simulationskammer eine mit einem Luftfahrzeug zu befördernde Luftfracht untersucht wird, welche zu diesem Zweck in die Explosionskammer 1 eingebracht wird. Die vorgesehene Flugroute der Luftfracht, insbesondere das Flugziel und etwaige Zwischenziele (Zwischenlandeplätze) sind dabei bekannt und sind in einer Datenbank in dem Steuerprogramm der Simulationskammer hinterlegt.The mobile
In dem Steuerschrank der Simulationselektronik sowie in der Explosionskammer sind zusätzliche Elektronik und Antennen montiert. Mittels dieser Installation werden passende Basisstationen (BTS) simuliert.In the control cabinet of the simulation electronics and in the explosion chamber additional electronics and antennas are mounted. This installation simulates suitable base stations (BTS).
Die Namen der Zwischenlandeplätze und des Flugziels (3- Letter Code) werden der Mobilfunktesteinrichtung von einer Erweiterung des Simulations-Steuerprogramms geliefert. Aus einer per Telefon- Fernwartung gepflegten Datenbank sucht sich die Mobilfunktesteinrichtung die Daten für die Netzsimulation heraus, wie z.B. den Countrycode, die Netznummer, den Netzbetreiber, den "location area code", usw....The names of the intermediate landing places and the destination (3-letter code) are supplied to the mobile radio test facility by an extension of the simulation control program. From a database maintained by telephone remote maintenance, the mobile radio test device searches out the data for the network simulation, such as the network simulation. the country code, the network number, the network operator, the location area code, etc ...
Ein Netzmonitor empfängt die Sendesignale ("cell broadcast messages") der lokal (also am Ort der Simulationskammer) verfügbaren Basisstationen, ermittelt die Belegung der Verkehrskanäle und übermittelt die erhaltenen Daten an das Steuerprogramm der Mobilfunktesteinrichtung. Durch diese Erweiterung erkennt die Mobilfunktesteinrichtung die Kanalbelegung durch lokale Basisstationen und kann auf unbelegte Kanäle ausweichen. Nach dem Start des Hauptsimulationsprozesses (nach Verschließen der Tore der Explosionskammer 1) simuliert die Mobilfunktesteinrichtung zunächst alle lokalen Mobilfunknetze mit verändertem Ortscode mit etwa der 5 - 10 fachen Feldstärke (bezogen auf den Innenraum der Explosionskammer) und der Aufforderung zur Durchführung eines "location update", um den in der zu untersuchenden Fracht befindlichen Mobilfunkendgeräten eine Ortsveränderung vorzutäuschen. Die Mobilfunkendgeräte reagieren darauf und führen einen "location update" durch, d.h. sie stellen eine Mobilfunkverbindung mit der Mobilfunktesteinrichtung her, um sich dort anzumelden. Jedes lokale Netz wird auf diese Weise für ca. 3 Minuten simuliert. Das Empfangsteil der Mobilfunktesteinrichtung erkennt etwaige "location update"-Versuche von Mobilfunkendgeräten, die sich in der Fracht befinden und veranlasst automatisch ein Signal oder einen Alarm, der z.B. an einem Bildschirm am Steuerschrank 3 dargestellt wird. Somit werden alle aktiven und funktionsfähigen Mobilfunkendgeräte erkannt, die sich in der Explosionskammer befinden und für die lokalen Mobilfunknetze freigegeben sind und als Mobilfunkzünder für Sprengsätze agieren könnten.A network monitor receives the "cell broadcast messages" of the base stations available locally (ie at the location of the simulation chamber), determines the occupancy of the traffic channels and transmits the received data to the control program of the Mobile testing facility. Through this extension, the mobile radio test facility recognizes the channel assignment by local base stations and can switch to unoccupied channels. After the start of the main simulation process (after closing the gates of the explosion chamber 1), the mobile radio test facility first simulates all local mobile radio networks with modified location code with about 5 to 10 times the field strength (related to the interior of the explosion chamber) and the request for a location update. in order to simulate a change in location for the mobile stations in the cargo to be examined. The mobile stations respond to it and perform a "location update", ie they establish a mobile connection with the mobile radio device to log in there. Each local area network is simulated in this way for about 3 minutes. The receiving part of the mobile radio test facility detects any "location update" attempts by mobile terminals that are in the cargo and automatically causes a signal or alarm, which is displayed for example on a screen on the
Wenn die Flugroute eine Zwischenlandung einschließt, werden anschließend in der Explosionskammer in entsprechender Weise alle an den Zwischenlandeorten verfügbaren lokalen Mobilfunknetze simuliert. Die Simulation erfolgt auf einer freien broadcast channel-Frequenz mit den aus der Datenbasis bereitgestellten Merkmalen (Country, Netz, LAC, Network operator name, etc.).If the flight route includes a stopover, then in the explosion chamber in a similar manner all local mobile networks available at the intermediate ports are simulated. The simulation is performed on a free broadcast channel frequency with the features provided by the database (Country, Network, LAC, Network operator name, etc.).
Nach Ablauf der für die Flugroute festgelegten Zeit werden alle lokalen Mobilfunknetze des Flugzielorts entsprechend simuliert. Pro Netz sind zweckmäßig wenigstens 5 Minuten Simulationszeit vorgesehen. Dadurch wird berücksichtigt, dass ein Mobilfunkendgerät, das sein Heimatnetz längere Zeit nicht mehr gefunden hat, aus Stromersparnisgründen die Netzsuche langsamer durchführt.After the time specified for the route, all local mobile networks of the destination will be simulated accordingly. Each network is expediently provided with a simulation time of at least 5 minutes. This takes into account that a mobile terminal that has not found its home network for a long time, for reasons of power saving, the network search slower.
Falls die Mobilfunktesteinrichtung eine Mobilfunkverbindung mit einem sich in der Explosionskammer befindlichen Mobilfunkendgerät hergestellt hat, kann das Mobilfunkendgerät in der Explosionskammer mittels Handpeilantenne in einem speziellen Betriebsmodus angepeilt werden, oder von der Mobilfunktesteinrichtung angerufen werden. Falls das betreffende Mobilfunkendgerät als Zünder für einen Sprengsatz ausgebildet ist, um den Sprengsatz bei einem Anruf zu zünden, wird dadurch eine Sprengung veranlasst.If the mobile radio test device has established a mobile radio connection with a mobile radio terminal located in the explosion chamber, the mobile radio terminal in the explosion chamber by means of a hand-held antenna in a special Operating mode are targeted, or be called by the mobile radio test facility. If the mobile station in question is designed as an explosive device detonator to ignite the explosive device in the event of a call, this will cause a detonation.
Für nachrichtendienstliche Verfolgung werden auf jeden Fall die IMSI und die IMEI der erfassten Mobilfunkendgeräte ermittelt und in einer Datenbank oder einem Protokoll zur Verfügung gestellt. Mit Hilfe der Netzbetreiber (Datenbasis) sind damit Daten wie Gerätetyp und vor allem Name und Adresse des Geräteanmelders ermittelbar.For intelligence tracking purposes, the IMSI and IMEI of the recorded mobile stations will be identified and made available in a database or a protocol. With the help of the network operator (database) data such as device type and especially the name and address of the device declarer can be determined.
Die Simulation von Mobilfunkkanälen auf den Kanälen der lokalen Mobilfunknetzbetreiber kann eine Kollision mit den Mobilfunknetzbetreibern hervorrufen, weil die kommerziellen Mobilfunknetze durch die Simulation gestört werden können oder weil in den Mobilfunkverkehr dieser Netze eingegriffen wird. Da das erfindungsgemäße Detektionsverfahren nur in der abgeschlossenen Explosionskammer stattfindet, ist wegen der Abschirmwirkung der Explosionskammer allerdings mit einer sehr begrenzten Reichweite der Störung zu rechnen. Die Störung lässt sich allenfalls in einer Reichweite von maximal 50 - 150 m um die Explosionskammer noch nachweisen, was im praktischen Betrieb unter Berücksichtigung der Präferenz der Sicherheitsbelange gegenüber den Interessen der Netzbetreiber akzeptabel sein dürfte. Der "Mobiltelefon-Schutzbereich" kann durch zusätzliche Abschirmmaßnahmen in der Explosionskammer minimiert werden, wodurch sich jedoch der Kostenaufwand erhöht.The simulation of mobile radio channels on the channels of the local mobile network operators can cause a collision with the mobile network operators, because the commercial mobile networks can be disturbed by the simulation or because of the mobile traffic of these networks intervene. Since the detection method according to the invention takes place only in the closed explosion chamber, however, due to the shielding effect of the explosion chamber, a very limited range of the disturbance can be expected. At best, the fault can still be detected within a maximum range of 50 - 150 m around the explosion chamber, which should be acceptable in practical operation, taking into account the preference of the security concerns against the interests of the network operators. The "mobile phone protection area" can be minimized by additional shielding in the explosion chamber, which, however, increases the cost.
Die Erfindung ist nicht auf das beschriebene Ausführungsbeispiel beschränkt. So können durch die Mobilfunktesteinrichtung nicht nur Mobilfunknetze der zweiten Generation (GSM-Netze) sondern auch Mobilfunknetze höherer Generationen (2.5G-, 3G-Netze, etc.), wie z.B. nach dem GPRS- oder dem UMTS- Standard, simuliert werden. Weiterhin ist die Erfindung nicht auf die Anwendung zur Sicherheitsprüfung von Luftfracht beschränkt. Es kann bspw. auch Frachtgut oder Gepäck untersucht werden, das mit anderen Transportmitteln befördert werden soll, wie z.B. Züge oder LKWs. Zweckmäßig kann die erfindungsgemäße Simulation von Mobilfunknetzen in einer gattungsgemäßen Simulationskammer auch in Kombination mit weiteren Simulationsmethoden zum Einsatz kommen, wie z.B. der Simulation eine Unter- und/oder Überdrucks, der Simulation von Schallwellen und/oder elektromagnetischen Wellen, der Emission von Gasen oder radioaktiver Strahlung oder einer Standort- bzw. Positionssimulation über ein GPS-System, bei der anhand der vorgesehenen Transportroute des Frachtguts mittels eines GPS-Senders mögliche Standorte simuliert werden, die einem etwaig in der Fracht enthaltenen GPS-Empfänger vorgetäuscht werden. Die Standort- bzw. Positionssimulation über ein GPS-System kann auch ohne die erfindungsgemäße Mobilfunknetz-Simulation und unabhängig von den übrigen Simulationsmethoden durchgeführt werden.The invention is not limited to the embodiment described. Thus, not only mobile radio networks of the second generation (GSM networks) but also mobile networks of higher generations (2.5G, 3G networks, etc.), such as eg according to the GPRS or the UMTS standard, can be simulated by the mobile radio test facility. Furthermore, the invention is not limited to the application for safety testing of air freight. For example, it is also possible to examine freight or luggage that is to be transported by other means of transport, such as trains or trucks. Suitably, the inventive simulation of mobile networks in a generic simulation chamber can also be used in combination with other simulation methods, such as the simulation of under- and / or over-pressure, the simulation of sound waves and / or electromagnetic waves, the emission of gases or radioactive radiation or a location or position simulation via a GPS system, based on the planned transport route the cargo is simulated by means of a GPS transmitter possible locations that are simulated to any GPS receivers contained in the cargo. The location or position simulation via a GPS system can also be carried out without the inventive mobile radio network simulation and independently of the other simulation methods.
Claims (12)
- Simulation chamber for a controlled activation of explosive charges contained in freight under simulated conditions, with a closed explosion chamber (1), into which the freight (2) is placed and in which real-time conditions coinciding with ambient conditions of the freight on an intended transport path are simulated, characterized in that a mobile radio testing unit (4) is provided and arranged to send mobile radio signals and an update signal into the explosion chamber (1), wherein the mobile radio signals are simulating mobile radio base stations of mobile radio networks and the update signal is inducing a mobile terminal contained in the freight to perform an location update.
- Method for a controlled activation of explosive charges contained in freight in a simulation chamber under simulated conditions, wherein the freight is placed into a closed explosion chamber (1), in which real-time conditions coinciding with ambient conditions of the freight on an intended transport path are simulated, characterized in that mobile radio signals and an update signal are send with a mobile radio testing unit (4) into the explosion chamber (1), wherein the mobile radio signals are simulating mobile radio base stations of mobile radio networks and the update signal is inducing a mobile terminal contained in the freight (2) to perform an "location update".
- Simulation chamber or method according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the mobile radio signals sent by the mobile radio testing unit (4) into the explosion chamber (1) simulate such mobile radio signals that are sent by local mobile radio base stations at the target location of the freight (2) and/or at subordinate targets of the freight (2).
- Simulation chamber or method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the mobile radio testing unit (4) sends at least one mobile radio signal into the explosion chamber (1) that corresponds to a downlink signal of a local mobile radio network at the target location or an subordinate target of the freight.
- Simulation chamber or method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the mobile radio signal sent by the mobile radio testing unit (4) into the explosion chamber (1) causes one or each mobile terminal contained in the freight (2) to send back an uplink signal to the mobile radio testing unit (4).
- Simulation chamber or method according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the "location update" operated in the mobile terminal enables the mobile terminal to have access to a mobile radio network that is simulated by the mobile radio testing unit (4), wherefore the network components and/or settings of the mobile terminal are updated for the mobile radio network simulated by the mobile radio testing unit (4).
- Simulation chamber or method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the "location update" operated in the mobile terminal, the operator site specified to the mobile terminal is changed in a data storage unit or register, in particular in the "Home Location Register" (HLO) of the mobile terminal, and/or by the sending of a communication to its "HomeAgent," in such a manner, that a pretended operator site is set up that corresponds to a location of the mobile terminal at the target location of the freight (2) and/or at subordinate targets of the freight (2).
- Simulation chamber or method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mobile radio testing unit (4) detects the operation of a "location update" by a mobile terminal contained in the freight and stores it in a database and/or displays it on a screen and/or emits a warning signal if the operation of a "location update" was detected by a mobile terminal contained in the freight.
- Simulation chamber or method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that upon detection of a mobile terminal contained in the freight, it is located and/or called by the mobile radio testing unit (4).
- Simulation chamber or method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that upon a detection of a mobile terminal in the freight by the mobile radio testing unit by means of a running time measurement, a determination of the position of the detected mobile terminal is carried out.
- Simulation chamber or method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that upon a detection of a mobile terminal in the freight, its identification data, in particular, its "International Mobile Subscriber Identity" (IMSI) and/or its "International Mobile Station Equipment Identity" (IMEI), are read-out by the mobile radio testing unit (4) and/or stored in a database or in an inspection record.
- Simulation chamber or method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the signals sent by the mobile radio testing unit (4) into the explosion chamber (1) are shielded by the explosion chamber (1), and the signal strength outside the explosion chamber (1) is below a maximum limiting value, which is selected in such a manner that it does not influence or interfere with the local mobile radio networks at the site of the simulation chamber.
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DE102011113826A DE102011113826B3 (en) | 2011-09-21 | 2011-09-21 | Simulation chamber and method for the controlled release of explosives contained in freight |
PCT/EP2012/068397 WO2013041549A1 (en) | 2011-09-21 | 2012-09-19 | Simulation chamber and method for setting off explosive charges contained in freight in a controlled manner |
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EP (1) | EP2758745B1 (en) |
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CN104986463A (en) * | 2015-07-09 | 2015-10-21 | 梁荣 | Explosion-proof nuclear, biological and chemical protective storage and transportation sphere |
CN107079372B (en) * | 2015-08-20 | 2021-01-29 | 华为技术有限公司 | Method and device for communication of network terminal equipment |
CN106288998B (en) * | 2016-08-08 | 2017-09-29 | 杨博 | A kind of explosive trainer |
US10374731B2 (en) * | 2017-10-31 | 2019-08-06 | Rohde & Schwarz Gmbh & Co. Kg | Over-the-air measurements system as well as method for testing the over-the-air characteristics of a device under test |
RU2765480C1 (en) * | 2021-04-22 | 2022-01-31 | Задорожный Артем Анатольевич | Radio communication circuit electronic jamming method |
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GB2230698B (en) * | 1989-04-28 | 1992-01-22 | Marconi Co Ltd | Explosive-screening apparatus and method |
US5274356A (en) * | 1991-04-09 | 1993-12-28 | Taricco Todd L | Methods and apparatus for the inspection of air cargo for bombs |
US5198612A (en) * | 1991-04-15 | 1993-03-30 | Tracor Aerospace, Inc. | In-flight electronic countermeasure payload simulator |
DE4115713C1 (en) * | 1991-05-14 | 1992-02-13 | Apparatebau Salzkotten Gmbh, 4796 Salzkotten, De | Air freight chamber for explosive materials - is cylindrical with plate-shaped sealing door on rail and roller guide, held fast by slides and centrally locked |
US7130624B1 (en) * | 2003-11-12 | 2006-10-31 | Jackson Richard H | System and method for destabilizing improvised explosive devices |
US7337686B2 (en) * | 2004-09-10 | 2008-03-04 | Qylur Security Systems, Inc. | Multi-threat detection system |
US7536170B2 (en) | 2005-09-22 | 2009-05-19 | Alcatel-Lucent Usa Inc. | Stationary forced premature detonation of improvised explosive devices via wireless phone signaling |
US7784389B2 (en) * | 2006-03-20 | 2010-08-31 | Technology Patents, Llc | Anti-terrorist system |
US20080083320A1 (en) * | 2006-10-05 | 2008-04-10 | Chang Tony S | System, Method, and Apparatus for Countering Improvised Explosive Devices (IED) |
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