EP2755796A1

EP2755796A1 - Device and method for minimum quantity lubrication

Info

Publication number: EP2755796A1
Application number: EP12762261.1A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Ingo BALDERMANN
Original assignee: Bielomatik Leuze GmbH and Co KG
Current assignee: Bielomatik Leuze GmbH and Co KG
Priority date: 2011-09-16
Filing date: 2012-09-17
Publication date: 2014-07-23
Also published as: DE102012216516A1; JP2014530113A; CN103813883A; KR20140074298A; WO2013038002A1

Abstract

Device and method for minimum quantity lubrication in the machining of workpieces by means of a tool, wherein a lubricant and/or coolant is fed specifically to the machining point between the tool and the workpiece, lubricating and/or cooling the machining point, and wherein the lubricant and/or coolant is then conducted away, characterized in that the lubricant and/or coolant is conducted away specifically after it has lubricated or cooled the machining point.

Description

DESCRIPTION

The invention relates to a device and a method for minimum quantity lubrication in the machining of workpieces.

Such workpieces are usually made of a steel or iron material and must be machined for the purpose of shaping, for example milled, drilling, grinding, rotating and the like. For this purpose, appropriate tools, such as drills, cutters, turning tools, grinding wheels and the like are used.

In this machining, it is necessary to lubricate the contact surface between the workpiece and the tool and / or to cool and remove the workpiece removal and the other hand, significantly lower removal of the tool.

For this purpose, methods and devices for minimum quantity lubrication have already become known, for example in DE 197 25 345 A1 and DE 10349 642 A1. In DE 103 49 642 A1 a device for generating aerosol with a liquid line for a liquid flow and with a Transportgasieitung for a transport stream is described, with at least one injector, in the liquid stream and the transport gas stream are mixed into an aerosol, and with an aerosol line, the to a arranged in the range of a tool aerosol outlet leads, in particular in the form of a spray nozzle for delivery of the added aerosol. The correspondingly generated aerosol is directed to the contact surface between the tool and workpiece targeted, in particular sprayed. This makes it possible with very small amounts of lubricant (here the aerosol) to cool the machining area (contact area between workpiece and tool) and to optimize the machining process.

However, the disclosed in the prior art devices and methods for minimum quantity lubrication still have the disadvantage that in proportion relatively large amounts of lubricant (in particular aerosol) must be supplied to cool and lubricate the processing site.

Therefore, the invention is based on the object to improve such a device or such a method that the required for the machining of the workpiece amount of coolant and the energy required for this is reduced at least constant quality of the machining point of the workpiece.

This object is achieved in that the lubricant and / or coolant, after it has lubricated the processing point and / or cooled, is purposefully removed. This means that the lubricants and / or coolants (in particular the aerosol) are still selectively supplied to the processing point (contact area between the workpiece and the tool). In addition, it is purposefully discharged, so that only as much funds must be supplied as it is required for cooling or lubrication. Surrounding areas around the processing point are thus not acted upon by the agent and remain clean, so that the average amount can be significantly reduced. In a further development of the invention, it is provided that the lubricant and / or coolant is collected by a cover surrounding the processing point. By means of this cover, it is possible that the lubricant and / or coolant is not only purposefully supplied to the processing point and there purposefully cools the Bearbeitungsstelie or lubricates, but that it is also advantageously prevented that after processing the means unhindered distributed around the processing point. Because of the cover ensures that the lubricant and / or coolant almost in the area of Bearbeitungsstelie remains, is collected there and can be dissipated purposefully.

At the same time, in the machining direction of the workpiece, at least the machining location and the surrounding areas surrounding the machining location, which extend in or against the direction of movement of the tool or of the workpiece, are provided by a cover. This cover has the advantage that the supplied coolant and lubricant remains exactly in the processing area, so that this agent can not escape into the surrounding areas (in particular not into the areas directed transversely to the working plane). As a result, the amount of input can be significantly reduced and, consequently, the energy consumption can be significantly reduced. Furthermore, it is possible that vapors and abrasion (main abrasion in the machining of the workpiece, but also the associated, but lower abrasion of the tool) can not get into the surrounding area of the processing site, as he targeted directly behind it with exit from the processing site removed, for example, can be sucked off. As a result, the processing quality, in particular the surface quality of the machined workpiece, can be significantly increased.

In a further development of the invention, it is provided that the lubricant and / or coolant is sucked off after leaving the processing parts. On the one hand it is possible that as a result of the purposeful Supply of the agent to the Bearbeitungsstel! E and its acceleration by the tool and / or the workpiece, the means is accelerated, this movement can be used to passively pass the means from the processing site, for example, to a collecting container. On the other hand, it is also conceivable that there are targeted means by which the lubricant and / or coolant is sucked off after leaving the processing station. This ensures that the processing station is always supplied fresh lubricant and / or coolant and this, after it has cooled or lubricated the processing point, can be removed together with the material removal.

In a further development of the invention contaminated with the abrasion lubricant and / or coolant is processed. The targeted removal of contaminated with the abrasion coolant and lubricant, the latter can be recycled back into a cycle, after which it has been treated.

The object is achieved in terms of the device in that in the machining direction of the workpiece at least the processing point and surrounding the Bearbeitungsstelie surrounding areas which extend in or against the direction of movement of the tool or the workpiece is provided with a cover. In a further development of the invention it is provided that the cover of the processing point is designed so that due to the direction of movement of the processing, the supplied lubricant and / or coolant and / or the discharged contaminated lubricant and / or coolant is directed. This can be ensured in a particularly advantageous manner that the processing point only fresh middle! is fed for lubrication or cooling and the contaminated agent is discharged when leaving the processing site targeted, without unnecessarily surrounding areas with fresh and / or contaminated center! be charged. This leads to clear smaller amounts of means for lubricating or cooling, so that the energy consumption for the supply or discharge can also be reduced, due to the inventive design of the cover of the processing site.

In development of the invention means are provided, with which the lubricant and / or coolant is sucked off after leaving the processing station. This may be, for example, a funnel shape, a nozzle or the like in the cover, to which a line, for example a hose, is connected. Furthermore, means for example in the form of a pump are provided to selectively suck the lubricant and / or coolant after leaving the processing station. Instead of a pump can also be thought of a construction in which the gravitational force is used for the extraction of the agent.

In a further development of the invention, the cover is formed as a housing, wherein the housing is provided in a rotational movement of the tool and / or workpiece in the tangential extent. Due to the structural design of the housing is advantageously the ability to cover the processing point so that not only the lubricant and / or coolant is purposefully supplied to the processing site, but that it can just leave the processing point contaminated again targeted without undesirable Way secondary areas, ie Areas next to the processing station to which funds are applied.

The cover of the machining point according to the invention is designed so that due to the direction of movement of the machining (ie in particular the direction of movement of the tool and / or the workpiece), the supplied coolant and lubricant and / or the dissipated contaminated coolant and lubricant is directed. That is, for example, in a rotational movement of the tool and / or workpiece is the housing (housing) in the tangential Provide extension, wherein the side of the processing point (transverse to the working plane or a cover), a housing is not required (but may be present), since no coolant and lubricant supplied in these lateral areas and no contaminated coolant and lubricant are removed got to. In this case, the housing is designed such that it is possible there to use the means for the supply in particular by means of a nozzle for the coolant and lubricant (in particular the aerosol) and that there is also a corresponding opening for the removal of the contaminated coolant and lubricant is available.

In development of the invention means are provided, with which the contaminated lubricant and / or coolant is processed. These may be filters, separators, centrifuges or the like. In a further development of the invention, the housing is designed such that it has means for the supply, in particular a nozzle, and a corresponding opening, in particular also a nozzle, for the removal of the contaminated lubricant and / or coolant. This makes it structurally easily possible to design the housing so that it has the means for the supply and / or the means for the targeted removal of the contaminated lubricant and / or coolant.

In a further development of the invention, the housing in the supply for the lubricant and / or coolant is designed so that there are one or more nozzles in the outlet region, for the purpose of generating the lubricant and / or coolant, in particular an aerosol, this already generated means are supplied directly to each nozzle, or the mixing of liquid, in particular oil, and gas, in particular air, is integrated in the housing. As a result, various options for the use of the coolant and / or lubricant are available. On the one hand, this can already be processed ready for the supply to the processing station. In a particularly advantageous manner, the lubricant and / or coolant from a liquid, in particular oil, and a gas, in particular air, on In particular compressed air, so that from a mixture of these components, an aerosol is formed. This can be generated before the delivery to the processing station. Alternatively, it is conceivable that the liquid and the air are supplied separately from one another to the housing, wherein the means for corresponding mixing of these two components are integrated in the housing according to the invention in the manner.

In a particularly advantageous manner, the housing in the supply for the coolant and lubricant is designed so that there are one or more nozzles in the outlet region, for the purpose of generating the aerosol this aerosol already generated is fed directly to each nozzle or the mixing of Liquid (in particular oil) and gas (in particular air in particular compressed air) is integrated in the housing.

The housing is configured in two or more parts in a particularly advantageous manner and can be moved apart and together manually or automatically. This has the advantage that thereby the insertion of the workpiece is made possible, wherein after closing the housing, the machining is performed by the tool is introduced with the desired movement geometry to the workpiece. Alternatively, it is conceivable that the tool is fixed and the housing is closed around the workpiece to be machined and the housing is designed so that the workpiece can move within the housing in a form that it brought to the tool and from there is processed.

In other words, the invention relates to a machine tool which, in addition to elements known per se, comprises in particular a tool (possibly also a plurality of tools) with which a workpiece to be inserted into the machine tool is machined. In this machining, it is necessary to cool and / or lubricate the processing site. This is done with a minimum amount of lubrication, which it already from the prior art It is known to supply the smallest possible amount (minimum amount) of a lubricant and / or coolant to the processing part. However, the volume of this minimum amount is chosen to be greater in the prior art than is sufficient to cool or lubricate the processing site. In addition, the volume is chosen to be larger, so that it is more than sufficient to dissipate the resulting in the machining material removal from the processing site. The inventive cover of the processing parts can now be ensured that a much smaller than the previously described volume of lubricant and / or coolant can be supplied. Previously, it was necessary in the prior art to supply a larger amount of lubricant and / or coolant than necessary to the processing site, since it could not be prevented that the total volume supplied to the processing site also arrived at the processing site but, moreover, also in disadvantageously distributed in the surrounding areas. With the invention, it is thus possible to significantly minimize the volume of lubricants and / or coolants to be supplied to the processing site.

The above method is illustrated with reference to an exemplary device in the two figures.

In the figure 1, a device for minimum quantity lubrication 1 is shown by way of example in section, in which a camshaft 3 to be processed by a rotating grinding wheel 2. To realize the method described above, the tangential surrounding area of the grinding wheel 2 and the camshaft 3 is surrounded by a multi-part (here two-part) housing 4, in such a way that the tangential surrounding area is enclosed by this housing 4, whereas the lateral Areas (as viewed in Figure 1, the levels of Figure 1 out or into the figure 1 inside) can remain open. These lateral areas can therefore remain open, because the means (coolant and lubricant, coolant, lubricant) supplied by the at least one feed 5, in particular a nozzle, in particular aerosol) can be selectively directed through the housing 4 in the machining gap between the grinding wheel and the camshaft and can be removed again after its contamination with abrasion. By this arrangement, the supplied aerosol can be applied extremely precisely with respect to the amount supplied and the location to be supplied. Furthermore, it is advantageous that fluidic guiding geometries of the edge vortex are broken up in such a way that the aerosol is efficiently introduced into the edge zone of the grinding wheel. By appropriate control measures, for example, on the device for aerosol generation and the injector, which are known from DE 103 49 642 A1, a precisely determinable dosage of the amount of aerosol can be done.

In Figure 2, the invention with reference to further details further explained.

The grinding wheel 2 has contact with the surface of the camshaft 3 in the region of the contact surface K, specifically in the region in which the camshaft 3 is to be provided with the desired contour. During this processing, the camshaft 3 is supported by suitable means in the region of its longitudinal axis, so that the grinding wheel 2 rotates for machining the desired contour and at the same time can exert a relative movement to the camshaft 3 in order to achieve the desired contour. Alternatively, it is possible that the grinding wheel 2 is rotatably mounted in its longitudinal axis and remains stationary while the camshaft 3 is moved by suitable bearing and movement so relative to the surface of the grinding wheel 2, that the desired contour in the surface of the camshaft third is introduced. Depending on the configuration of the two options described above for the storage and movement of the grinding wheel 2 as the camshaft 3, the processing space is surrounded by the contact surface K of the housing 4, that is shielded. To dose the aerosol very accurately and locally very precisely the contact surface To be able to supply K, the housing 4 has a geometry, wherein the geometry is adapted approximately to the space above the contact surface K. This adaptation is chosen such that the surface of the housing 4 on the one hand very close to the surface of the rotating grinding wheel 2 extends (when viewing Figure 2, the left contact surface A), wherein also a contact surface A (when viewing Figure 2, the right contact surface A) comes very close to the contour of the camshaft 3. Thus, on the one hand, it is ensured that the aerosol can be fed very precisely into the processing area into the contact area K via the feed 5 and at the same time it is prevented that the removed material enters this area again after one or more revolutions of the grinding wheel 2 or camshaft 3 is because it is previously led away below the contact surface K of the discharge 6. If sparks form during processing (which is the rule) and contain worn-out material, then there is also a space R and / or a slot S in which such materials can collect. The above paragraph (projection), which is formed in the region of the outlet opening of the feed 5 through the housing 4, and which is brought as close as possible to the surfaces of the grinding wheel 2 and the camshaft 3, thus effectively avoiding sparks, gases , removed material and the like is returned to the processing space. After completion of the desired contour of the camshaft 3, the materials or gases that have accumulated in the spaces R and S, before the further processing of the next cam of the cam can be removed (cleaned). It should also be pointed out that the machining of the contours of the camshaft 3 to be machined takes place in such a way that (initially viewed in the axial direction of the camshaft 3) a first area is machined, then the tool is driven up (eg the two-part housing 4 is replaced by a suitable housing) Opened means), so that the camshaft 3 can be moved by the desired amount in the axial direction relative to the grinding wheel 2, so that thereafter the tool can be closed again (folding the two Gehäuseteiie 4), then to the to begin the next processing step. After each step or after several successive steps can be thought to clean the space that surrounds the housing 4. This cleaning may or may not be done.

The enclosure of the processing point according to the invention allows the optimal supply of coolant and lubricant (supply) and the integration of a suction system for targeted removal of chips, vapors and Schleifkörperabriebes, thereby energy-efficient machining, especially grinding, is realized with inimalmengenschmierung, at the cooling and lubricating takes place optimally, in which the energy consumption compared to previously known systems and methods is significantly reduced and the surface quality of the machined workpiece is significantly improved.

Examples of machining methods include turning, milling, drilling, reaming, tapping, deep hole drilling, grinding, honing and the like, this list is not exhaustive. As workpieces are preferably iron and steel workpieces into consideration, with light metal workpieces can be edited. The method can be used particularly efficiently in the automated serial production of workpieces, in particular of workpieces for components of internal combustion engines. In such applications in components of internal combustion engines in particular crankshaft and camshaft, crankcase, Zyiinderköpfe, as well as other engine components (such as valves, pistons, connecting rods or the like) come into consideration.

Claims

1. Method for minimum quantity lubrication in the machining of workpieces by means of a tool, wherein the machining point of the tool and workpiece is selectively supplied with a lubricant and / or coolant which lubricates and / or cools the machining point, and wherein the lubricant and / or coolant is then discharged, characterized in that the lubricant and / or coolant, after it has lubricated or cooled the processing point, is purposefully removed.

2. The method according Anspruchl, characterized in that the lubricant and / or coolant is collected by a surrounding the processing point cover.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the lubricant and / or coolant is sucked off after leaving the processing station.

4. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the contaminated lubricant and / or coolant is processed.

5. Apparatus for minimum quantity lubrication in the machining of workpieces by means of a tool, wherein the machining point of the tool and workpiece a lubricant and / or coolant is selectively supplied, which the Machining point lubricates and / or cools, and wherein the lubricant and / or coolant is discharged thereafter, characterized in that in the machining direction of the workpiece at least the processing point and surrounding the processing site surrounding areas extending in or against the direction of movement of the tool or the workpiece , are provided by a cover.

6. Apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that means are provided, with which the lubricant and / or coolant is sucked off after leaving the processing station.

7. Apparatus according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that means are provided, with which the contaminated lubricant and / or coolant is processed.

8. The device according to claim 5, 6 or 7, characterized in that the cover of the machining point is designed so that due to the direction of movement of the machining, in particular the direction of movement of the tool and / or the workpiece, the supplied coolant and / or lubricant and / or the dissipated contaminated coolant and lubricant is routed specifically.

9. Apparatus according to claim 5, 6, 7 or 8, characterized in that the cover is designed as a housing, wherein in a rotational movement of the tool and / or workpiece, the housing (housing) is provided in the tangential extension, wherein the side of the processing point (transverse to the working plane) a housing is not required.

10. The device according to one of claims 5 to 9, characterized in that the housing is designed so there to use the means for the supply, in particular by means of a nozzle for the coolant and lubricant, in particular an aerosol, and that there as well a corresponding opening for the removal of the contaminated coolant and lubricant is present.

11. Device according to one of claims 5 to 10, characterized in that the housing in the region of the supply for the coolant and / or lubricant designed so that there in the outlet region one or more nozzles are provided, wherein for the purpose of generating the cooling and / or lubricant, in particular an aerosol, this already produced coolant and / or lubricant, in particular the aerosol, is supplied directly to each nozzle or the mixing of a liquid, in particular oil, and a gas, in particular air, in particular compressed air, in integrated in the housing.

12. Device according to one of claims 5 to 11, characterized in that the housing two or more than two parts is formed.