KR20140074298A - Device and method for minimum quantity lubrication - Google Patents

Abstract

An apparatus and method for minimizing lubrication during machining of a workpiece by a tool, the method comprising: supplying lubricant and / or coolant to only the machining point between the tool and the workpiece to lubricate and / And discharging only the lubricant and / or the coolant after lubricating or cooling the machining point.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD [0001] The present invention relates to a device for minimizing lubrication,

The present invention relates to an apparatus and a method for minimum amount of lubrication during machining of a workpiece.

These workpieces are typically made of steel or steel and need to be machined by cutting, for example milling, drilling, grinding, turning, etc., for shaping. Suitable tools such as drills, milling machines, lathe tools, abrasive discs, etc. are used for such machining.

In machining, it is necessary to lubricate and / or cool the contact surface between the workpiece and the tool, and to emit the tooling of the tool due to erosion of the workpiece, although the amount of workpiece sucking plant is substantially small.

In this regard, methods and apparatus for minimum amount lubrication are already known, for example, in DE 197 25 345 A1 and DE 103 49 642 A1.

DE 103 49 642 A1 discloses an aerosol generating device having a liquid tube for liquid flow and a transport gas line for the carrier gas flow, comprising at least one injection section capable of mixing the liquid stream and the carrier gas stream into the aerosol, Which is connected to an aerosol discharge portion in the form of a spray nozzle for discharging an applied aerosol.

The aerosol thus generated is guided to the target surface between the tool and the workpiece, and particularly to the contact surface. This allows the machining point (the contact surface between the workpiece and the tool) to be cooled by a minimum amount of lubricant (in this case, an aerosol) and to optimize machining.

However, the apparatus and method for minimum amount lubrication disclosed in the prior art still have the disadvantage of supplying a relatively large amount of lubricant (especially aerosol) for cooling and lubrication of the machining point.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to improve such an apparatus or method to reduce the amount of coolant required to machine the workpiece at least at uniform characteristics of the machining point of the workpiece and the energy cost required for machining.

This problem is solved by discharging only the lubricant and / or coolant after lubrication and / or cooling of the machining point. This means that lubricant and / or coolant (especially aerosol) is still being supplied only to the machining point (the interface between the workpiece and the tool). In addition, only the lubricant and / or the coolant are discharged so that the formulation is supplied only as needed for cooling or lubrication. Therefore, the peripheral region surrounding the processing point is not processed by the preparation and remains in an untreated state, so that the amount of the preparation can be greatly reduced.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, the lubricant and / or coolant are collected by a cover surrounding the processing point. The lubricant and / or coolant is supplied only to the machining point, and not only the machining point is cooled or lubricated in the machining position, but also the machining can be prevented from being distributed without being blocked around the machining point after machining, Do. This is because the cover allows the lubricant and / or coolant to substantially stay only in the area of the machining point, and can be trapped and discharged only in the area.

At the same time, at least the machining point and the peripheral area surrounding the machining point and extending in the direction of movement of the tool or workpiece or in the opposite direction are defined by the cover in the machining direction of the workpiece. The cover has the advantage that the supplied coolant and lubricant can stay in the machining area precisely so that the formulation does not leak into the surrounding area (in particular, the area transverse to the machining surface). This can greatly reduce the volume of incoming energy and the associated energy costs. In addition, steam and wear debris (wear debris, which occurs mainly in the machining of workpieces but which is small in relation to the tool but also occurs in the tool), can not reach the peripheral area of the machining point, , For example by inhalation. As a result, the workability, particularly, the surface characteristics of the processed workpiece can be greatly increased.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, lubricants and / or coolants that are outside the machining point are removed by inhalation. On the other hand, the formulation is supplied only at the processing point and the formulation is accelerated due to accelerations by tools and / or workpieces, which can be utilized to guide the formulation from the processing point to the reservoir, for example, to the collection container. On the other hand, it is also conceivable to provide some means of sucking and removing lubricant and / or coolant beyond the machining point. Whereby a new lubricant and / or coolant is always supplied to the machining point and can be discharged with the eroded material after cooling or lubrication of the machining point.

In a further embodiment of the present invention, the lubricant and / or coolant contaminated by the wear debris is treated. After the treatment, the coolant and / or the lubricant may be recycled by removing only the lubricant and the coolant contaminated by the wear debris.

In the context of the present invention, the problem is solved by providing a cover in at least the machining point and the machining direction of the workpiece in a peripheral region surrounding the machining point and extending in the direction of movement of the tool or workpiece or in the opposite direction.

According to a further embodiment of the present invention, the cover of the machining point is configured to guide only the supplied lubricant and / or coolant and / or the discharged contaminated lubricant and / or coolant on the basis of the machining direction of movement. This allows a new lubrication or cooling formulation to be supplied to the processing point and only contaminated preparations to be dispensed without undue treatment of the new formulation and / or contaminated formulation in the surrounding area when the contaminated formulation is outside the processing point Particularly advantageous. As a result, the amount of the agent for lubricating or cooling is very small, so that the energy cost required for supplying or discharging can also be reduced based on the cover configuration of the processing point according to the present invention.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, means are provided for sucking and removing lubricant and / or coolant beyond the machining point. In this connection, the means may be, for example, a funnel in which a tube, for example a hose, is connected in the cover, a nozzle or the like. It is also possible, for example, to provide means in the form of a pump to remove only lubricants and / or coolants which are out of the machining point by suction. It is also conceivable to employ a structure for removing the agent by suction using gravity instead of a pump.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the cover is configured as a housing provided in a tangential extension of the tool and / or of the workpiece during its rotational movement. The structure of the housing covers the machining point so that only the lubricant and / or coolant is supplied to the machining point. In addition, the machining point is not undesirably treated in the vicinity of the machining point, It is advantageous to be able to escape.

According to the present invention, the cover of the machining point is configured so that only the supplied coolant and lubricant and / or the discharged contaminant coolant and lubricant are guided based on the machining movement direction (i.e., the moving direction of the tool and / or the workpiece in particular). That is, for example, when the tool (and / or the workpiece) is rotated, the housing (lid) is provided in its tangential extension so that no coolant and lubricant are supplied to the lateral area or no contaminated coolant and lubricant are exhausted Since there is no need, the housing does not necessarily have to be present on the side of the machining point (transverse to the machining surface or the cover) (it may be provided as the case may be). In this connection, the housing can be used in particular by means of nozzles for coolant and lubricants (in particular aerosols), and the nozzles can be configured so that openings are formed for contaminated coolant and lubricant release.

According to a further aspect of the present invention, means for treating contaminated lubricant and / or coolant are provided. The means may be a filter, a separator, a centrifuge or the like.

In a further embodiment of the present invention, the housing is configured to also include a supply means, particularly a nozzle and a nozzle for discharging a suitable opening, in particular a contaminated lubricant and / or coolant. With this arrangement, the housing can be structurally simple to include means for supplying and / or means for discharging contaminated lubricant and / or coolant only.

In a further embodiment of the present invention, the housing in the lubricant and / or coolant supply region is configured to be provided with one or more nozzles in the discharge region and the lubricant and / or coolant, especially the formulation already produced to produce the aerosol, Or a mixture of liquids, especially oils and gases, especially air, is made in the housing together. Thereby, various possibilities for the use of coolant and / or lubricant can be provided. On the one hand, the formulation can be pre-processed to feed to the processing point. It is particularly advantageous to make the lubricants and / or coolants from a mixture of liquids, in particular oils and gases, in particular air, more particularly compressed air, to form an aerosol from a mixture of these constituents. The lubricant and / or coolant may be generated just prior to feeding to the processing point. Alternatively, it is conceivable that the liquid and the gas are separated from each other and fed to the housing, and the means for the proper mixing of the two components in the method according to the invention are integrated into the housing.

In the region of the coolant and lubricant supply, the housing is configured to be provided with at least one nozzle in the discharge region, and the aerosol already generated for aerosol generation can be supplied directly to one of the nozzles, or a liquid (especially oil) and a gas Especially the compressed air) is made to be combined together in the housing.

The housing is particularly advantageous in that it consists of two or more parts and can be driven separately or together, manually or automatically. The housing has the advantage that the workpiece can be used so that it can be machined while the tool is brought into close proximity to the workpiece in the desired moving arrangement after closure. Alternatively, it may be conceived to secure the tool, close the housing around the workpiece to be machined, move the workpiece inside the housing and bring it closer to the tool and process it with a tool.

On the other hand, the present invention also relates to a machine tool comprising, in addition to the known components, in particular another tool (a number of tools in some cases), for machining a workpiece to be installed therein. It is necessary to cool and / or lubricate the machining point during machining. The machining is carried out by means of minimum amount lubrication which supplies as little (minimum amount) of lubricant and / or coolant to the machining point as is well known in the prior art. However, in the prior art, the minimum volume is selected more than the amount needed to cool or lubricate the machining point. In addition, the minimum volume is selected more than the amount required to discharge the erosion material from the machining point during machining. According to the present invention, the lubricant and / or the coolant can be supplied in a much smaller amount than the above-mentioned volume by the cover at the machining point. The reason why it is necessary to supply lubricant and / or coolant to the machining point in an amount larger than the amount required in the prior art is because the entire volume supplied to the machining point reaches the machining point but can not be prevented unfavorably from being distributed to the surrounding area . According to the invention, the volume of lubricant and / or coolant to be fed to the machining point can be greatly minimized.

The above-described method will be described with reference to an apparatus illustrated in two attached drawings.
1 is a cross-sectional view of a minimum amount lubrication apparatus in which a camshaft is machined by a rotating grinding disk.
Fig. 2 is a view showing a grinding disk having a contact portion to the surface of the camshaft in the contact surface area; Fig.

1 is a cross-sectional view of a minimum amount lubrication apparatus 1 in which a camshaft 3 is machined by a rotating grinding disk 2. In Fig. The tangential peripheral region of the grinding disc 2 and the camshaft 3 is surrounded by the multi-part (not shown) housing 4 in order to carry out the above-described method, (In the case of Fig. 1, the outer surface from Fig. 1 or the inner surface of Fig. 1) may be in an open state. The lateral area can be open, and only the feed (5), especially the formulation fed by the nozzle (coolant and lubricant, in particular aerosol) can be processed by the housing (4) Can be guided to the gap and re-discharged after contamination by wear debris. By this arrangement, the aerosol can be supplied very accurately with respect to the supply amount and the region to be supplied. Furthermore, it is advantageous that the rear turbulence is broken by the fluid engineering induction structure and the aerosol is efficiently introduced into the edge region of the grinding disk. By means of suitable control procedures it is possible, for example, to inject a precise measured quantity of aerosol into the aerosol generating device, known from DE 103 49 642 A1, and the injection part.

The present invention will be described in more detail in Fig.

The grinding disc 2 has a contact with the surface of the camshaft 3 in the region of the contact surface K, specifically the camshaft 3 in said region is provided with a desired shape. During machining, the camshaft 3 can be mounted to the longitudinal region by suitable means and move relative to the camshaft 3 to form the desired shape while the grinding disk 2 is rotated to machine the desired shape. The camshaft 3 is moved relative to the surface of the grinding disc 2 via appropriate mounting and movement to move the camshaft 3 in the direction of rotation relative to the surface of the grinding disc 2, Thereby forming a desired shape on the surface of the substrate.

According to the embodiment of the two possibilities described above for the mounting and movement of the grinding disc 2 and the camshaft 3, the working space around the contact surface K is surrounded, i.e. shielded, by the housing 4. The housing 4 has a structure that is configured to fit approximately in the space above the contact surface K so as to inject the aerosol very accurately and to supply the contact surface K locally very accurately. The structure is selected such that one side of the surface of the housing 4 comes very close to the surface of the rotating grinding disk 2 (left side contact surface A in FIG. 2, for example) The right contact surface A is also selected to be in close contact with the shape of the camshaft 3. [ On the one hand, the aerosol can be supplied to the machining area on the contact surface K very precisely via the supply part 5 while the grinding disc 2 or camshaft 3 is rotated more than once, So that the erosive material is carried by the discharge portion 6 in advance in the lower portion of the contact surface K. [ It also provides a space R and / or a slot S capable of collecting such material when sparking occurs during processing (which is common case) and includes eroded material. The projections (protrusions) formed in the outlet area of the supply part 5 by the housing 4 and very close to the surface of the grinding disc 2 and the camshaft 3 are preferably made of a material such as flame, Thereby effectively preventing it from being conveyed again. After the desired shape of the camshaft 3 is completed, the material or gas collected in the spaces R and S can be removed (cleaned) before the further processing of the subsequent cam of the camshaft. At this time, the shape to be machined of the camshaft 3 is obtained by first machining the first area (for example, in the axial direction of the camshaft 3) and then raising the tool (for example, The camshaft 3 can be moved in the axial direction relative to the grinding disc 2 as desired, and then the tool can be brought close again (closing the two housing parts 4) , It is understood that the subsequent machining step can then be started and machined. It is conceivable to refine the space surrounding the housing 4 after each machining step or after a series of subsequent machining steps. However, this purification need not necessarily be performed.

According to the present invention, by enclosing the machining point, it is possible to optimally supply the coolant and the lubricant (supply), and to integrate the cutting device, the suction device for removing only the evaporated material and the grinding material, Especially grinding, optimizing cooling and lubrication, significantly reducing energy costs and significantly improving the surface properties of the machined workpiece compared to known devices and methods.

Examples of the machining method include, but are not limited to, turning, milling, drilling, polishing, thread cutting, deep hole drilling, grinding, honing, and the like. Examples of workpieces are iron and steel workpieces, and light metal workpieces may be machined. The method can be used particularly efficiently in the automated production of a series of workpieces, especially those for internal combustion engine parts. Examples of the workpiece when used in the internal combustion engine part include a crankshaft and a camshaft, a crank housing, a cylinder head, and other engine parts (such as a valve, a piston, and a piston rod).

Claims (12)

CLAIMS 1. A method for minimally lubrication during machining of a workpiece by a tool, comprising supplying lubricant and / or coolant to only the machining point between the tool and the workpiece to lubricate and / or cool the machining point, And discharging only the lubricant and / or coolant after lubrication or cooling of the processing point. The method of claim 1, wherein the lubricant and / or coolant is collected by a cover surrounding the processing point. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the lubricant and / or coolant is removed by inhalation after leaving the processing point. 4. A process according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the contaminated lubricant and / or coolant is treated. An apparatus for minimal lubrication during machining of a workpiece by a tool, comprising: a lubricant and / or a coolant being supplied only to a machining point between the tool and the workpiece to lubricate and / or cool the machining point, Wherein at least a machining point and a peripheral region surrounding the machining point and extending in the direction of movement of the tool or workpiece or in the opposite direction are defined by the cover in the machining direction of the workpiece. 6. The apparatus of claim 5, further comprising means for sucking off lubricant and / or coolant after exiting said processing point. 7. Apparatus according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that means are provided for treating the contaminated lubricant and / or coolant. 8. A method according to claim 5, 6 or 7, characterized in that the cover of the machining point is provided with a coolant and a lubricant supplied and / or an exhausted pollutant coolant and lubricant supplied on the basis of the machining movement direction, in particular the tool and / Is guided. ≪ / RTI > 9. A method as claimed in claim 5, 6, 7, or 8, wherein the cover is configured as a housing, the housing (lid) being provided on its tangential extension during rotation of the tool and / Wherein no housing is required in the lateral direction of the point (transverse to the working surface). 10. A method as claimed in any one of claims 5 to 9, characterized in that the housing is particularly adapted to be provided with a coolant and a lubricant, in particular by means of a nozzle for aerosol, the nozzle being provided with an opening suitable for discharging contaminated coolant and lubricant Lt; / RTI > 11. A method according to any one of claims 5 to 10, wherein the housing in the coolant and / or lubricant supply region is configured to provide at least one nozzle in the discharge region, and wherein the coolant and / or lubricant, Characterized in that the already generated coolant and / or lubricant, in particular an aerosol, is fed directly to the respective nozzles or a mixture of liquids, especially oils and gases, especially air, more particularly compressed air, is made together in the housing. 12. An apparatus according to any one of claims 5 to 11, characterized in that the housing comprises two or more parts.

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