Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
  • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
  • H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
  • H04N21/47—End-user applications
  • H04N21/482—End-user interface for program selection
  • H04N21/4821—End-user interface for program selection using a grid, e.g. sorted out by channel and broadcast time
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
  • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
  • H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
  • H04N21/43—Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware
  • H04N21/431—Generation of visual interfaces for content selection or interaction; Content or additional data rendering
  • H04N21/4312—Generation of visual interfaces for content selection or interaction; Content or additional data rendering involving specific graphical features, e.g. screen layout, special fonts or colors, blinking icons, highlights or animations
  • H04N21/4314—Generation of visual interfaces for content selection or interaction; Content or additional data rendering involving specific graphical features, e.g. screen layout, special fonts or colors, blinking icons, highlights or animations for fitting data in a restricted space on the screen, e.g. EPG data in a rectangular grid
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
  • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
  • H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
  • H04N21/47—End-user applications
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
  • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
  • H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
  • H04N21/47—End-user applications
  • H04N21/472—End-user interface for requesting content, additional data or services; End-user interface for interacting with content, e.g. for content reservation or setting reminders, for requesting event notification, for manipulating displayed content
  • H04N21/47205—End-user interface for requesting content, additional data or services; End-user interface for interacting with content, e.g. for content reservation or setting reminders, for requesting event notification, for manipulating displayed content for manipulating displayed content, e.g. interacting with MPEG-4 objects, editing locally
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
  • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
  • H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
  • H04N21/47—End-user applications
  • H04N21/485—End-user interface for client configuration
  • H04N21/4858—End-user interface for client configuration for modifying screen layout parameters, e.g. fonts, size of the windows

Definitions

• the present disclosure relates generally to electronic program guides (EPG), and in a specific example embodiment, to apparatuses and methods for EPG sorting and automatic realignment.
• EPG electronic program guides
• an EPG is an interactive, onscreen display feature which displays information analogous to television listings for channel programming.
• the EPG is typically arranged in a grid format with time listed on one axis and channels listed on another axis.
• the EPG provides users with information about each program covered by the EPG, which typically ranges from a current time through the next several days.
• Information about each program may include a time, duration, synopsis, program title, topic, or theme.
• FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an example environment in which example embodiments may be utilized.
• FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating an example embodiment of a content viewing system.
• FIG. 3a-3d are sample user interfaces illustrating various navigations on an
• FIG. 4 is a sample user interface illustrating a time selection input.
• FIG. 5 is a sample user interface illustrating a favorites selection input.
• FIG. 6a-6b are sample user interfaces illustrating a tag selection input.
• FIG. 7 is a sample user interface illustrating a social selection input.
• FIG. 8 is a flow diagram of an example high-level method for navigating an
• FIG. 9 is a simplified block diagram of a machine in an example form of a computing system within which a set of instructions for causing the machine to perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein may be executed.
• Example embodiments described herein provide systems and methods for electronic programming guide (EPG) sorting and automatic realignment.
• EPG electronic programming guide
• a graphical user interface having an electronic program guide (EPG) including a plurality of rows of thumbnails representing programs is presented on a device of a user. Each row of thumbnails may be navigated independent of other rows.
• a navigational input is received via a touchscreen of the device. The navigational input indicates an action performed on the graphical user interface that triggers a realignment of programming information presented on the EPG. An updated EPG with the realignment of the programming information indicated by the navigational input is then provided.
• the navigational input may comprise a scrolling input and the realigning comprises causing one row of the plurality of rows of thumbnails to shift in time in a direction of the scrolling input.
• the scrolling input causes presentation of the updated EPG with the updated thumbnails representing past aired programs.
• the navigational input may comprise a scrolling input and the realigning comprises causing the plurality of rows of thumbnails to shift in a vertical direction to display further rows of the updated thumbnails. The shift in the vertical direction still maintains each of the rows of thumbnails in a locked position based on a previous navigational input.
• the realigning may comprise visually scrolling each visible row of the EPG to their realigned position on the updated EPG at a speed that results in all visible rows reaching their realigned position at a same time.
• the speed of realignment depends on how far away a current information set is from a final realigned position. This speed may be automatically calculated.
• a selection input may trigger the realignment.
• a time selection input may result in presenting updated thumbnails that are based on a user-selected time.
• the user-selected time may correspond to programs now playing or programs in primetime.
• a favorites selection input may be received which causes presentation of the updated thumbnails representing programs marked as favorite by the user.
• a program may be marked as a favorite by receiving an indication to mark the program as a favorite and providing an overlay image over a thumbnail of the program marked as favorite.
• a tag selection input may cause presentation of the updated thumbnails organized based on meta-tag information, wherein each row of the updated EPG is associated with a different meta- tag.
• the input may be a social selection input that causes presentation of the updated thumbnails organized based on programs viewed by social connections of the user, wherein each row of the updated EPG is associated with a different social connection of the user.
• a user can easily and more quickly navigate to desired programming information on the EPG. Accordingly, one or more of the methodologies discussed herein may obviate a need for extended search and navigation of the EPG, which may have the technical effect of reducing computing resources used by one or more devices within the system. Examples of such computing resources include, without limitation, processor cycles, network traffic, memory usage, storage space, and power consumption.
• a controller device 102 is coupled via one or more communication networks 104 (e.g., the Internet, wireless network, cellular network, Bluetooth, Local Area Network (LAN), or a Wide Area Network (WAN)) to a viewing device 106 and a data provider system 108.
• communication networks 104 e.g., the Internet, wireless network, cellular network, Bluetooth, Local Area Network (LAN), or a Wide Area Network (WAN)
• LAN Local Area Network
• WAN Wide Area Network
• the controller device 102 is a device that allows the user to navigate the EPG.
• the controller device 102 is a touch tablet device, such as a tablet computing device, mobile device, or portable media player device. Further still, the controller device may be a mobile phone, desktop computer, laptop, or any other communication device that is capable of communicating via the communication networks 104.
• the controller device 102 comprises a display to present information included in the EPG.
• the controller device 102 may further comprise a touch screen or other input mechanism for receiving inputs from the user for navigating the EPG.
• the controller device 102 comprises a content viewing system 110 that provides a user- friendly, navigable user interface for presenting the EPG on the controller device 102.
• the content viewing system 110 comprises content browsing and viewing modules that provide various graphical user interface elements.
• the EPG may generally include rows of uniform sized thumbnails each representing programming (e.g., a program), which the user may navigate by scrolling with his finger. Each row may represent a channel of a different broadcast network.
• the user interface may include icons that trigger realignment based on time, favorites/preferences, content recommendations, and social connections. The content viewing system 110 will be discussed in more detail in connection with FIG. 2.
• the viewing device 106 is a device for viewing the programming.
• the viewing device 106 may be a television (e.g., a smart television or Internet television) or a computer. While the viewing device 106 is shown to be separate from the controller device 102, example embodiments may combine the controller device 102 and the viewing device 106 into a single device.
• the data provider system 108 provides information to enable the navigation and display of the EPG on the controller device 102.
• the data provider system 108 may be associated with a local broadcaster, cable provider, satellite television provider, or any other entity that provides information or access to programming information.
• the data provider system 108 may push, or the controller device 102 may pull, various programming information from a data store of the data provider system 108.
• the controller device 102 may also locally store retrieved programming information.
• the environment 100 of FIG. 1 is merely an example. A skilled artisan will recognize that the present disclosure is not limited to such an architecture or environment 100. For example, it will be appreciated that in alternative embodiments any number of controller devices 102, viewing devices 106, and data provider systems 108 may be present in the environment 100.
• the content viewing system 110 provides graphical user interfaces of EPGs that illustrate rows of thumbnails that each represents a program, whereby each row may represent a channel or network. The user may individually navigate the rows by scrolling or swiping, for example, by using their finger. Additionally, the content viewing system 110 may also provide icons on the user interface that are associated with time, favorites, tagged metadata, and social connections, which allow the user to quickly access associated programming information.
• the content viewing system 110 comprises a navigation module 202, a user interface module 204, a time module 206, a favorites module 208, a tag module 210, and a social module 212. It is noted that not all modules of the content viewing system 110 may be used in various example embodiments and that functions of some modules may be combined, divided into a plurality of modules, or be made optional.
• the navigation module 202 receives user inputs and accesses the appropriate information to enable a proper set of programming information to be returned to the user.
• the information may be accessed from the data provider system 108 or from a local data store coupled to or embodied within the controller device 102.
• the navigation module 202 may receive a scrolling input that indicates a direction (e.g., left, right, up, down) to move the programming information that is displayed in the EGP. For instance, a scroll to the left may move a row of programming information for a particular channel associated with the row to the left, which enables presentation of programming information that is further in time in the future.
• the navigation module 202 may receive a selection of an icon or button that indicates a particular set of programming information that the user desires to view.
• the icons may be associated with time, favorites, metadata tags, and social connections. Operations associated with each of these icon selections will be discussed in further detail below.
• the user interface module 204 uses the information to generate a graphical user interface to display updated thumbnails and programming information.
• the obtained information may be further processed by other modules of the content viewing system 110 prior to the generation of the graphical user interface.
• the time module 206 manages programming information based on time.
• the time module 206 is triggered by a selection of a time icon on the user interface. Once triggered, the time module 206 may realign channels of the EPG to a particular time.
• the time module 206 processes retrieved information obtained by the navigation module 202 to provide the realigned programming information. For example, a user may press and hold his finger on a time icon, while dragging, or otherwise moving his finger to "pull" the time icon and "drop” the time icon on top of a thumbnail of a program (e.g., perform a "drag-and-drop” operation of a time icon).
• an automatic operation to realign all rows of channels may be performed by the time module 206 such that the start time across all channels on the EPG corresponds to a time frame of the thumbnail of the program on which the time icon was dropped. More precisely, the time icon allows the user to automatically find all programming being aired across all channels during a user selected time frame that is associated with the thumbnail that was selected. All the rows of channels may automatically realign such that the start time on all rows of the EPG corresponds to the user' s selected time.
• the user may select the time icon, and a drop down menu is provided (e.g., by the time module 206) that lists options for selecting programs.
• the options may comprise "now playing,” “primetime,” or a user selected time frame.
• the user may then select one of the options and the time module 206 processes the programming information to provide the selected programming information.
• the favorites module 208 manages programming information based on favorite or preference information associated with the user.
• User preference information may be stored locally at the content viewing system 110 or remotely at an external system such as the data provider system 108.
• dragging and dropping of a favorites icon onto a thumbnail of a program may automatically tag, by the favorites module 208, the thumbnail program as a favorite program of the user.
• an overlay of a heart symbol (or other symbol to indicate a favorite) is placed on the thumbnail image so that the user may recognize the program as being tagged under his favorites.
• the user can also unselect a favorite program by clicking the heart symbol or by going to a media card for that thumbnail program and selecting a "remove favorite" button (or a similar functioning button). More precisely, dragging and dropping the heart icon onto a thumbnail of a program allows the user to mark that program as a part of his list of favorite programs that is stored by the favorites module 208.
• the user may click on or select the favorites icon which triggers the favorites module 208 to show programs tagged by the user as his favorite.
• the favorites module 208 processes retrieved information obtained by the navigation module 202 to provide the realigned
• the favorites module 208 may automatically align the favorite programs on the EPG grid irrespective of their row of channel association. For example, the updated thumbnails of the favorite programs may be ordered based on time (e.g., those programs which are currently airing to those which are airing at a time furthest from the user' s current time) regardless of the broadcast channel. More precisely, the favorites icon allows the user to automatically find all programming being aired (or that will be aired) across all channels that the user has marked as a favorite.
• the tag module 210 manages programming information based on meta-tags or metadata associated with the programs.
• dragging and dropping a tag icon over a thumbnail of a program causes the tag module 210 to determine programs that have matching meta-tags as that of the program on which the tag icon was dropped.
• the meta-tags may comprise information about the specific program on which the tag icon was dropped, such as names of actors, type of genre, or theme type. Meta-tags may be associated with any descriptors that are available for programs. Accordingly, each meta-tag associated with the thumbnail on which the tag icon is dropped may be displayed as its own channel in the row of channels. Media content with similar meta-tags may be provided within the respective meta-tag channel.
• the updated thumbnails of programs are ordered based on those thumbnails of programs which are currently airing to those which are airing at a time furthest from the user' s current time. More precisely, the tag icon allows users to search and navigate what other content-related programming is airing based on the meta-tags of a selected program where each meta-tag is used as a channel marker.
• the user may click or select the tag icon which causes a dropdown menu to be provided with various methods for sorting the content of the EPG.
• the tag module 210 may allow the user to sort, for example, by genre, popularity, or relevance. Other sort categories may also be used. Based on the user selection, the tag module 210 determines the matching programs (e.g., using retrieved information obtained by the navigation module 202) and updated thumbnails of the programs will align accordingly.
• the social module 212 manages programming information based on social connections of the user. By clicking or selecting a social icon, the row of channels are organized based on the user's social connections, such that each row of the EPG provides updated thumbnails of programs that a particular friend is viewing or has viewed. Accordingly, the social module 212 may access or upload social connection information from social networks (e.g., Facebook ®, MyspaceTM, TwitterTM, or other user selected social networks). Thus, the selection of the social icon triggers the social module 212 to determine what friends of the user are viewing or have viewed. The updated thumbnails of the programs may be ordered based on their air time with currently playing programs appearing first.
• social networks e.g., Facebook ®, MyspaceTM, TwitterTM, or other user selected social networks.
• FIGs. 3a-3d are sample user interfaces illustrating various results based on navigations performed on an example EPG user interface.
• an EPG user interface 300 is shown prior to any user navigations.
• the user interface module 204 may provide an EPG having thumbnails of uniform size horizontally lined up in rows according to their corresponding channel or broadcast network. For example, the first row is channel "TV 001" while the second row is channel "TV 002.”
• Each thumbnail may comprise an image or moving video display of a program as provided by a broadcast network.
• the thumbnail may also provide a designated start time of the program. The start time does not necessarily have to be in half-hour blocks as some programs may start before or after the half-hour block. Programs that are currently playing may have an overlay image of "Now" in place of the designated start time.
• a top of the EPG user interface 300 (above the EPG) comprises a menu including selectable icons from which the user may indicate a manner in which to view the programming.
• a time icon 302 allows the user to align programming based on time
• a favorites icon 304 e.g., a heart
• a tag icon 306 allows the user to align programming based on certain meta-tags of programs
• a social icon 308 e.g., a face
• the user may navigate an individual channel of programming independent of other channels of programming.
• the navigation may be performed by the user sliding or swiping his finger right or left (e.g., a scrolling input) over a row representing the channel and the thumbnails will shift accordingly.
• a user has scrolled several days ahead on a first displayed row of channels 310 (e.g., channel TV 001) while the other displayed rows of programs remain at a current time position (as evidenced by the "Now" image on a first thumbnail in the row).
• channels 310 e.g., channel TV 001
• the user scrolls back in time on a second displayed row of channels 312 (e.g., channel TV 002) in addition to the scroll forward on the first displayed row of channels 310. More precisely, the user may scroll the first row of channels 310 to the left to go forward in time and scroll the second row of channels 312 to the right to go backward in time.
• the user is presented with updated thumbnails of programs that have already aired. In some embodiments, only thumbnails for programs which have been recorded by the broadcast network or directly by the user are shown. This enables the user to select a previously aired program for later viewing. In these embodiments, a program that is not recorded may display a blank thumbnail with an overlay image indicating that the program is not available.
• a third row of channels 314 remains unchanged, showing thumbnails of programs starting from a current time.
• the navigation module 202 also allows scrolling up and down that causes the rows of channels to shift in a vertical direction to show further rows of channels and their associated thumbnails.
• FIG. 3d shows a scroll up navigation (e.g., scrolling input) whereby channel "TV 001" has navigated off the EPG and channel "TV 004" now appears at a bottom of the EPG.
• the rows of channels may not realign unless designated by the user. More precisely, each of the rows of channels is locked to where the user designated and remains in that location while the user scrolls up or down through the rows of channels.
• channel "TV 002" continues showing the past aired thumbnails of programming that was arrived at in FIG. 3 c by a right direction scroll by the user.
• the speed at which the thumbnail programs will readjust depends on how far forward or back the user has navigated each individual row of channels. For instance, if a user has navigated only a few shows back on one row of channels and a couple days forward on a second row of channels, then the rows of channels may scroll back at different speeds such that all the rows of channels stop the realignment process simultaneously (e.g., the first row will scroll back at a slower rate than the second row). Thus, the speed of realignment depends on how far away a current information set is from a final realigned position. This speed may be automatically calculated.
• FIG. 4 is a sample user interface illustrating a time selection input.
• the user may select the time icon 302, in one embodiment, which triggers display of a drop down menu listing options for selecting programs.
• the options may include a "Now Playing" option 402, a "Primetime” option 404, and a timeframe 406.
• the timeframe 406 may be a user-selected timeframe. In the example, the timeframe 406 starts as 6:30 AM. The user may use his finger to scroll left or right on the timeframe 406 and select a time in order to view updated thumbnails of programs scheduled during the selected time (or corresponding timeframe).
• the "Now Playing” option 402 and “Primetime” option 404 remain constant such that the user may select those options at any time despite the location of the timeframe scrolling. More precisely, the user can scroll and click on any time on the timeframe 406 or the "Now Playing" or “Primetime” options 402 and 404 to automatically align to the selected time or option.
• the "Now Playing" option 402 realigns the thumbnails of programs back to a current time for all the channels, (e.g., such as that shown in FIG. 3a.)
• the "Primetime” option 404 may realign the channels of thumbnails to show a primetime lineup (e.g., from 8:00 PM to 11:00 PM).
• FIG. 5 is a sample user interface illustrating a favorites selection input.
• a favorites image e.g., a heart
• the user may select the favorites icon 304 which triggers the favorites module 208 to show updated thumbnails of programs tagged by the user as his favorite.
• the favorites module 208 automatically aligns the favorite programs on the EPG irrespective of their row of channel association.
• the updated thumbnails of the programs may be ordered based on time (e.g., those programs which are currently airing to those which are airing at a time furthest from the user's current time).
• the favorites icon 304 allows the user to automatically find all programming being aired (or that will be aired) across all channels that the user has marked as a favorite.
• FIGs. 6a-6b are sample user interfaces based on a tag selection input.
• dragging and dropping of a tag icon 306 onto a particular thumbnail of a program may cause each meta-tag associated with the thumbnail on which the tag icon 306 is dropped to be displayed as its own channel or row.
• a first row is now associated with an actor named "Bob Smith” and shows updated thumbnails of programs that include a meta-tag for Bob Smith. Since only two programs have a meta-tag for Bob Smith, only two updated thumbnails are provided in the first row.
• a second row is associated with a genre "Drama” and shows updated thumbnails of programs that are tagged as dramas.
• a third channel is associated with a theme type of "Medical Show” and shows updated thumbnails of programs that are tagged as a medical show.
• FIG. 6b illustrates the EPG user interface 300 based on a selection of the tag icon 306 causing a dropdown menu 602 to be displayed on the EPG user interface 300.
• the dropdown menu 602 in the present example, allows the user to sort by genre, popularity, and relevance. Other sort categories may also be used.
• the tag module 210 may analyze retrieved programming information for genre types and organizes the updated thumbnails accordingly. That is, each row may present a different genre, irrespective of broadcast network, such that a user can scroll through the shows in any given genre.
• the updated thumbnails of the programs are ordered based on their airing time with currently playing programs appearing first within each genre row. As a result, instead of navigating by channel, the user navigates by genre type.
• the tag module 210 may analyze retrieved programming information for popularity and organize updated thumbnails accordingly. These updated thumbnails of the programs may be ordered based on their airing time with currently playing programs appearing first. As such, instead of navigating by channels, the user navigates by the popularity of the updated thumbnails of the programs.
• the tag module 210 will provide the programming information aligned with the updated thumbnails of the programs in a recommended order based on the user's behavior and preferences. Accordingly, the tag module 210 may access preference information for the user and use algorithms to determine user behavior and provide recommendations.
• the user's preferences may include past viewing history, age, gender, and other characteristics. As a result, the user may navigate through the updated thumbnails of the programs which are specially chosen for the user based on the user's viewing behavior and preferences.
• FIG. 7 is a sample user interface illustrating a social selection input.
• each row of channels is organized based on the user's social connections, such that each channel or row of the EPG provides updated thumbnails of programs that a particular friend is viewing or has viewed.
• the first row of channels presents programs that Allison is watching and has watched in the past (e.g., based on a scroll right input), while the second row presents what Joey is currently watching.
• the user may scroll on the row to view what Joey has viewed in the past as well.
• a profile image of each friend may be provided in combination with the name on the row or channels. If more social connections are available, further rows or channels may be included and the user may scroll up and down in order to vertically shift the rows and view these further rows or channels.
• the social module 212 may access or upload social connection information from social networks (e.g., Facebook ⁇ , Myspace ⁇ , Twitter ⁇ , or other user selected social networks).
• social networks e.g., Facebook ⁇ , Myspace ⁇ , Twitter ⁇ , or other user selected social networks.
• the selection of the social icon 308 triggers the social module 212 to determine what friends of the user are viewing or have viewed.
• the thumbnails of the programs may be ordered based on their airing time with currently playing programs appearing first.
• the user is not restricted to navigating based on designated broadcast networks but can navigate through customized viewing preferences of the user's own social connections.
• FIG. 8 is a flow diagram of an example high-level method 800 for navigating an EPG user interface.
• the method 800 may be performed by various components of the content viewing system 110.
• an initial or start EPG user interface is displayed to the user.
• the user interface module 204 may receive a request for display of the EPG user interface and present the EPG user interface 300 shown in FIG. 3a.
• a navigational input is received by the navigation module 202.
• the navigation module 202 accesses the appropriate information to enable a proper set of programming information to be returned to the user.
• the information may be accessed from the data provider system 108 or from a local data store coupled to or embodied within the controller device 102.
• the navigation module 202 may receive a scrolling input that indicates a direction (e.g., left, right, up, down) to move the programming content that is displayed on the EPG or a selection of an icon or button that indicates a particular set of programming information that the user desires to view.
• An action related to the navigational input is performed in operation 806. For example, if the navigational input is a scroll operation to the left or right, then the EPG is presented with the row of channels selected for the scroll operation providing updated thumbnails of programs updated to a new timeframe. In another example, if the navigational input is a selection of a selectable icon (e.g., time icon 302, favorites icon 304, tag icon 306, or social icon 308), a corresponding module realigns the EPG in response to the selection as discussed above.
• a selectable icon e.g., time icon 302, favorites icon 304, tag icon 306, or social icon 308
• FIG. 9 is a block diagram illustrating components of a machine 900, according to some example embodiments, able to read instructions from a machine-readable medium (e.g., a machine-readable storage medium) and perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein. Specifically, FIG. 9 shows a diagrammatic
• the machine 900 in the example form of a computer system and within which instructions 924 (e.g., software, a program, an application, an applet, an app, or other executable code) for causing the machine 900 to perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein may be executed.
• the machine 900 operates as a standalone device or may be connected (e.g., networked) to other machines.
• the machine 900 may operate in the capacity of a server machine or a client machine in a server-client network environment, or as a peer machine in a peer-to-peer (or distributed) network environment.
• the machine 900 may be a server computer, a client computer, a personal computer (PC), a tablet computer, a laptop computer, a netbook, a set- top box (STB), a personal digital assistant (PDA), a cellular telephone, a smartphone, a web appliance, a network router, a network switch, a network bridge, or any machine capable of executing the instructions 924, sequentially or otherwise, that specify actions to be taken by that machine.
• PC personal computer
• PDA personal digital assistant
• the machine 900 includes a processor 902 (e.g., a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a radio-frequency integrated circuit (RFIC), or any suitable combination thereof), a main memory 904, and a static memory 906, which are configured to communicate with each other via a bus 908.
• the machine 900 may further include a graphics display 910 (e.g., a plasma display panel (PDP), a light emitting diode (LED) display, a liquid crystal display (LCD), a projector, or a cathode ray tube (CRT)).
• a graphics display 910 e.g., a plasma display panel (PDP), a light emitting diode (LED) display, a liquid crystal display (LCD), a projector, or a cathode ray tube (CRT)
• the machine 900 may also include an alpha-numeric input device 912 (e.g., a keyboard), a cursor control device 914 (e.g., a mouse, a touchpad, a trackball, a joystick, a motion sensor, or other pointing instrument), a storage unit 916, a signal generation device 918 (e.g., a speaker), and a network interface device 920.
• an alpha-numeric input device 912 e.g., a keyboard
• a cursor control device 914 e.g., a mouse, a touchpad, a trackball, a joystick, a motion sensor, or other pointing instrument
• storage unit 916 e.g., a storage unit 916
• a signal generation device 918 e.g., a speaker
• a network interface device 920 e.g., a network interface device 920.
• the storage unit 916 includes a machine-readable medium 922 on which is stored the instructions 924 embodying any one or more of the methodologies or functions described herein.
• the instructions 924 may also reside, completely or at least partially, within the main memory 904, within the processor 902 (e.g., within the processor's cache memory), or both, during execution thereof by the machine 900. Accordingly, the main memory 904 and the processor 902 may be considered as machine-readable media.
• the instructions 924 may be transmitted or received over a network 926 via the network interface device 920.
• the machine- readable medium 922 may be a machine-readable device.
• the term "memory” refers to a machine-readable medium able to store data temporarily or permanently and may be taken to include, but not be limited to, random-access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), buffer memory, flash memory, and cache memory. While the machine-readable medium 922 is shown in an example embodiment to be a single medium, the term “machine-readable medium” should be taken to include a single medium or multiple media (e.g., a centralized or distributed database, or associated caches and servers) able to store instructions (e.g., instructions 924).
• machine-readable medium shall also be taken to include any medium, or combination of multiple media, that is capable of storing instructions for execution by a machine (e.g., machine 900), such that the instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the machine (e.g., processor 902), cause the machine to perform any one or more of the methodologies described herein.
• a “machine-readable medium” refers to a single storage apparatus or device, as well as “cloud-based” storage systems or storage networks that include multiple storage apparatus or devices.
• the term “machine-readable medium” shall accordingly be taken to include, but not be limited to, one or more data repositories in the form of a solid-state memory, an optical medium, a magnetic medium, or any suitable combination thereof.
• the instructions 924 may further be transmitted or received over a
• communications network 926 using a transmission medium via the network interface device 920 and utilizing any one of a number of well-known transfer protocols (e.g., HTTP).
• Examples of communication networks include a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), the Internet, mobile telephone networks, POTS networks, and wireless data networks (e.g., WiFi and WiMax networks).
• the term "transmission medium” shall be taken to include any intangible medium that is capable of storing, encoding, or carrying instructions for execution by the machine, and includes digital or analog communications signals or other intangible medium to facilitate communication of such software.
• Modules may constitute either software modules (e.g., code embodied on a machine-readable medium or in a transmission signal) or hardware modules.
• a "hardware module” is a tangible unit capable of performing certain operations and may be configured or arranged in a certain physical manner.
• one or more computer systems e.g., a standalone computer system, a client computer system, or a server computer system
• one or more hardware modules of a computer system e.g., a processor or a group of processors
• software e.g., an application or application portion
• a hardware module may be implemented mechanically, electronically, or any suitable combination thereof.
• a hardware module may include dedicated circuitry or logic that is permanently configured to perform certain operations.
• a hardware module may be a special-purpose processor, such as a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or an ASIC.
• FPGA field programmable gate array
• a hardware module may also include programmable logic or circuitry that is temporarily configured by software to perform certain operations.
• a hardware module may include software encompassed within a general-purpose processor or other
• hardware module should be understood to encompass a tangible entity, be that an entity that is physically constructed, permanently configured (e.g., hardwired), or temporarily configured (e.g., programmed) to operate in a certain manner or to perform certain operations described herein.
• “hardware-implemented module” refers to a hardware module. Considering embodiments in which hardware modules are temporarily configured (e.g.,
• each of the hardware modules need not be configured or instantiated at any one instance in time.
• a hardware module comprises a general- purpose processor configured by software to become a special-purpose processor
• the general-purpose processor may be configured as respectively different special-purpose processors (e.g., comprising different hardware modules) at different times.
• Software may accordingly configure a processor, for example, to constitute a particular hardware module at one instance of time and to constitute a different hardware module at a different instance of time.
• Hardware modules can provide information to, and receive information from, other hardware modules. Accordingly, the described hardware modules may be regarded as being communicatively coupled. Where multiple hardware modules exist contemporaneously, communications may be achieved through signal transmission (e.g., over appropriate circuits and buses) between or among two or more of the hardware modules. In embodiments in which multiple hardware modules are configured or instantiated at different times, communications between such hardware modules may be achieved, for example, through the storage and retrieval of information in memory structures to which the multiple hardware modules have access. For example, one hardware module may perform an operation and store the output of that operation in a memory device to which it is communicatively coupled. A further hardware module may then, at a later time, access the memory device to retrieve and process the stored output. Hardware modules may also initiate communications with input or output devices, and can operate on a resource (e.g., a collection of information).
• a resource e.g., a collection of information
• processors may constitute processor-implemented modules that operate to perform one or more operations or functions described herein.
• processor-implemented module refers to a hardware module implemented using one or more processors.
• the methods described herein may be at least partially processor- implemented, a processor being an example of hardware.
• a processor being an example of hardware.
• the operations of a method may be performed by one or more processors or processor- implemented modules.
• the one or more processors may also operate to support performance of the relevant operations in a "cloud computing" environment or as a "software as a service” (SaaS).
• SaaS software as a service
• at least some of the operations may be performed by a group of computers (as examples of machines including processors), with these operations being accessible via a network (e.g., the Internet) and via one or more appropriate interfaces (e.g., an application program interface (API)).
• API application program interface
• the performance of certain of the operations may be distributed among the one or more processors, not only residing within a single machine, but deployed across a number of machines.
• the one or more processors or processor- implemented modules may be located in a single geographic location (e.g., within a home environment, an office environment, or a server farm). In other example embodiments, the one or more processors or processor-implemented modules may be distributed across a number of geographic locations.

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• 2011
  • 2011-11-09 EP EP11188362.5A patent/EP2592828A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2012
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  • 2012-09-07 CN CN201280054299.8A patent/CN103930849B/zh active Active
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