EP2753541B1 - Submarine - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a submarine.

Submarines with an independent propulsion system can operate in arctic waters over an extended period of time under a sealed ice cover. However, under dive trips under a confined ice cover, such emergency situations prove fatal, requiring inmates to leave the submarine. In such a situation, the ice cap prevents these people from reaching the top of the ice.

Against this background, the invention has for its object to provide a submarine that makes the occupants at dive below a closed ice cover an exit from the submarine to above the ice cover possible.

The document DE 821 317 B describes the features of the preamble of claim 1. This object is achieved by a submarine with the features specified in claim 1. Advantageous developments of this submarine result from the dependent claims, the following description and the drawings. In this case, according to the invention, the features specified in the dependent claims in each case, but also in a suitable combination, the inventive solution according to claim 1 further.

The basic idea of the invention is to equip a submarine with an upward boring device, which is arranged in a pressure body of the submarine and has a drill which can be extended from an opening of the pressure body arranged on the upper deck side, wherein a drill head of the drill has a closure body closing the opening of the pressure hull forms. With such a drilling device is possible to dive below a closed Ice cover from underneath into this one hole and most beneficial to drill an exit hole for the crew of the submarine. Through this exit hole, the occupants can leave the submarine, for example, in an emergency situation and get to above the ice cover. For this purpose, the drilling device is positioned on or in the submarine so that when the submarine is directly below the ice cover, a drill located outside the hull can attach to and puncture the underside of the ice cover. To create an exit hole in an ice cover, the drill is expediently dimensioned so that it can be used to create a borehole whose cross section or diameter allows persons to pass through here. Preferably, the drill has a drill head whose diameter is at least equal to or greater than the diameter of an exit opening arranged on the submarine on the submarine. The drill head may be similar to the drill heads used in tunnel boring machines and have a plurality of cutting edges on a substantially flat end side next to a centering point arranged in its center. In addition, drilling heads can be provided with a conical tip having a plurality of extending from the center of the drill head to its outer periphery cutting. The drilling device is arranged in the pressure hull of the submarine and the drill of the drilling device can advantageously be extended from a top-deck-side opening of the submarine. For this purpose, the drilling device is expediently arranged directly below such an opening of the pressure body or in such a position directly below the opening of the pressure body movable. The drill bit of the drilling apparatus is advantageously oriented such that it can be extended out of the opening normal to the opening plane.

When not using the drilling device, the opening formed on the pressure body is pressure-tight to close. The drill head of the drill forms a closing body closing the opening of the pressure body. Accordingly, the drill head of the drill is not positioned when the drilling device is positioned such that the opening formed on the pressure body closes pressure-tight. In this context, an embodiment is advantageous in which the drill head has a larger diameter relative to a shank of the drill, at the end of which the drill head is arranged, and thus forms on the drill a radially projecting annular shoulder relative to the shank. With this paragraph, the drill can rest on the outside of the pressure hull at the edge of the opening formed there and thus close the opening pressure-tight.

Preferably, the shank of the drill is arranged in a rotatable by a rotary drive driven hollow shaft and coupled in movement with the hollow shaft. Accordingly, a hollow shaft is preferably arranged in the pressure body below an opening formed on the upper side of the pressure body, into which the shaft of the drill engages. The hollow shaft may directly form the drive shaft of a drive motor or it may, as is preferably provided, via a transmission with the drive shaft of a arranged next to the hollow shaft drive motor, which is preferably an electric motor, be operatively connected. In the hollow shaft of the shank of the drill is connected at least in the direction of rotation of the hollow shaft with this form-fitting manner.

About its shank, the drill can be directly coupled to a rotational drive of the drilling device. In this case, however, it is necessary to produce a linear feed movement of the drill, to move the drill together with the rotary drive in the direction of the ice cover to be drilled. Ideally, however, the rotary drive of the drill is fixedly arranged in the pressure hull of the submarine and a feed movement of the drill is possible independently of the rotary drive. For this purpose, the drill is advantageously displaceable in the hollow shaft in the longitudinal direction. That is, the shank of the drill is guided linearly movable in the hollow shaft. At the same time, however, a rotary motion coupling with the hollow shaft is required. For this purpose, for example, at least one parallel to a longitudinal axis of the drill extending groove may be formed on the outer circumference of the shaft into which engages at least one formed on the inside of the hollow shaft projection or there fixedly arranged sliding block. Preferably, however, for the purpose of a secure torque transmission to the outer circumference of the shaft diametrically spaced from each other two aligned in the longitudinal direction of the drill grooves formed, in each of which an engaged on the inner circumference of the hollow shaft corresponding to the grooves of the shaft Gleitstein intervened. In this embodiment, the length of the groove or grooves formed on the shaft determines the possible feed path of the drill.

To produce a feed movement of the drill from the pressure hull of the submarine, the drill is preferably pressurizable on a side facing away from the drill head with a pressure medium. For this purpose, for example, at the end remote from the drill head of the shank of the drill a telescoping pneumatic or hydraulic cylinder attack. Advantageously, however, form the drill and the hollow shaft itself such, can be acted upon with a pressure medium pressure cylinder. In this case, forms the hollow shaft expediently a part of a pressure chamber of the printing cylinder. This pressure chamber is preferably filled with seawater as the pressure medium. This seawater can be pumped from the outside environment of the submarine into the pressure chamber via a conduit leading from the outside environment of the submarine into the pressure chamber.

When drilling an exit hole through an ice cover, the submarine is conveniently located directly at its top on the underside of the ice sheet. In order to prevent damage to the submarine during the process of the submarine into this position, deformation bodies are advantageously arranged in the submarine according to the invention on its upper-side outer side. These deformation bodies form a crumple zone or yielding buffer between the submarine and the ice cover. As a deformation body, for example, elastic, filled with water sacks and deformable tube racks can be used. In addition, the use of commercially available Fender as a deformation body is possible.

During the drilling of an exit hole through the ice cover and during the exit from the submarine through this exit hole, movements of the submarine relative to the exit hole are to be prevented. For this purpose, in the submarine according to the invention advantageously extendable anchoring devices for anchoring the submarine to the ice cover are provided on the upper deck side of the hull. The anchoring devices are arranged on the submarine preferably at two diametrically opposite sides of the opening of the pressure hull, through which the drill is extended, spaced from each other in the longitudinal direction of the submarine. They can advantageously each have a plurality of tips which penetrate into the ice cover during the extension of the anchoring devices and thus fix the submarine to the ice cover in a form-fitting manner. To the anchoring devices with To press the largest possible contact pressure to the underside of the ice cover, the anchoring devices are preferably formed hydraulically movable.

After having drilled an exit hole in the ice cover with the drilling device and retrieve the drill back into the submarine, the submarine is to be moved to a position where there is an exit opening of the submarine directly below the drilled exit hole. For this purpose, the submarine can expediently have an auxiliary drive, for example in the form of at least one inline thruster. If the submarine is in the position where the exit opening of the submarine is below the drilled exit hole, a cover which otherwise closes the exit opening is opened. In order to prevent in this situation that seawater flows over the now open exit opening into the submarine can be provided in the submarine according to the invention further advantageous outside the exit opening an exit channel forming inflatable pressure hose. This pressure hose is initially folded to save space folded before use and is inflated before opening the lid of the exit opening, whereby it expands in the direction of its central axis until it then extends from the edge of the exit opening through the ice cover to above the ice cover. In this state, the pressure hose seals off the exit opening with respect to the seawater located on the outside of the pressure hose.

Particularly advantageous is an embodiment of the submarine according to the invention, in which the drill forms an exit lock from the submarine. The use of the drill as an exit gate is advantageous in that the submarine does not move after piercing the ice sheet to create an exit hole must be because the exit lock for leaving the submarine is already directly below the formed on the ice cover exit hole. When forming an exit gate, the shank of the drill is hollow and can be closed pressure-tight at its two ends, each with a removable closure. As access to the shaft can advantageously serve the pressure chamber located under the shaft. For this purpose, this expediently has an access opening which can be closed pressure-tight with a closure. The inner diameter of the shank of the drill is typically sized so that a person can get into the cavity formed in the shank. In order to reach the upper end of the shank of the drill, a climbing aid, for example a preferably telescopic ladder, may advantageously be arranged in the shank. In an advantageous development of the embodiment in which the drill forms an exit lock from the submarine, advantageously the drill head of the drill forms an outer cover as an exit lock. Accordingly, the drill head can be removed from the shaft.

Fig. 1

in einer schematisch stark vereinfachten Prinzipskizze in einer Schnittdarstellung einen Abschnitt eines Unterseeboots mit einer Bohrvorrichtung,

Fig. 2

die Darstellung nach Fig. 1 mit einem ausgefahrenen Bohrer der Bohrvorrichtung und

Fig. 3

in einer schematisch stark vereinfachten Prinzipskizze in einer Schnittdarstellung einen Abschnitt eines zweiten Unterseeboots mit einer Bohrvorrichtung in einer zweiten Ausführungsform.

The invention is explained in more detail with reference to two embodiments illustrated in the drawings. In the drawing shows:

Fig. 1

in a schematic simplified schematic diagram in a sectional view of a section of a submarine with a drilling device,

Fig. 2

the representation after Fig. 1 with an extended drill of the drilling device and

Fig. 3

in a schematic highly simplified schematic diagram in a sectional view of a section of a second submarine with a drilling device in a second embodiment.

Both in the Fig. 1 and 2 pictured submarine as well as the in Fig. 3 shown submarine are in a diving position below an ice cover 2. Both submarines have a pressure body 4. At an upper side of the pressure body 4 of the submarines, which also forms an upper deck of the submarine in question, deformation bodies 8 are arranged. With these deformation bodies 8, the submarines abut the underside of the ice cover 2, the deformation bodies 8 forming a deformable crumple zone between the ice cover 2 and the submarines.

At the top of the pressure hull 4, that is upper deck side, in each case an opening 10 is formed in both submarines. Substantially directly below this opening 10 is within the pressure hull 4 at the in the Fig. 1 and 2 shown submarine a drilling device 12 and in the in Fig. 3 shown submarine a drilling device 12 'arranged.

The boring device 12 of the submarine after the Fig. 1 and 2 has a drill 14, while the drilling device 12 'of the submarine after Fig. 3 a drill 14 'has. Like that Fig. 1 and 3 can be seen, the length of the drill 14 and 14 'is selected so that they each extend in a storage position in the pressure hull 4 of the submarine normal to the longitudinal extent of the submarine aligned from a keel 16 to the upper deck 6.

Both the drill 14 and the drill 14 'each have a shaft 18 and 18', which is arranged in a hollow shaft 20. This hollow shaft 20 is in the drilling device 12 of the submarine after the Fig. 1 and 2 as well as in the boring device 12 'of the submarine Fig. 3 as a drive shaft for the drill 14 or 14 'is provided.

In both illustrated submarines, the hollow shaft 20 is rotatably supported within the pressure hull 4 on a support structure 22 normal to the longitudinal extent of the respective submarine by means of two bearings 24 and 26 about a longitudinal axis A, wherein the rolling bearing 24 formed as a fixed bearing and the rolling bearing 26 as a floating bearing is. The hollow shafts 20 of both submarines are each driven by an electric motor 28. For coupling the movement of the hollow shaft 20 with the electric motor 28, a ring gear 30 is arranged on the outer circumference of the hollow shaft 20, which is engaged with a arranged on a drive shaft 32 of the electric motor 28 gear 34 in engagement.

The shaft 18 of the drill 14 of the drilling device 12 of the submarine after the Fig. 1 and 2 as well as the shaft 18 'of the drill 14' of the drilling device 12 'of the submarine Fig. 3 are each rotatably connected to the hollow shaft 20 and at the same time linearly displaceable in the direction of the longitudinal axis A. For this purpose, the shafts 18 and 18 'on its outer circumference in each case two parallel to the longitudinal axis A extending grooves 36 which are arranged on two diametrically opposite sides of the shaft 18 and 18'. In both grooves 36 each engage a nut 38 a. The sliding blocks 38 are fixed to the inside of the hollow shafts 20 and create such a form fit between the hollow shaft 20 and the shaft 18 and 18 'disposed thereon, that the shaft 18, 18' on the one hand rotatably connected to the hollow shaft 20, but on the other hand relatively can be moved to the shaft 20. Both for the rotatable and for linearly movable guidance of the shaft 18 and 18 'in the hollow shaft 20 are spaced from each other on the inside of the hollow shaft 20 in the longitudinal direction of three guide bushings 40, at which the shaft 18 and 18' leader abuts.

Subsequently, only the drilling device 12 of the first in the Fig. 1 and 2 illustrated submarines explained in more detail.

In the drill 14 of the drilling device 12, a drill head 42 is disposed at the upper deck side end of the shaft 18. The drill head 42 is formed by a flat disc 44, on whose, facing away from the shaft 18 front side a plurality of cutting edges 46 are arranged side by side. Furthermore, a centering tip 48 is arranged centrally on the end face of the disk 44 facing away from the shaft 18.

The drill head 42 of the drill 14 forms a closure body for closing the opening 10 formed on the pressure body 4 (FIG. Fig. 1 ). Accordingly, the outer diameter of the drill head 42 corresponds to the inner diameter of the opening 10. The outer diameter of the drill head 42 is greater than the outer diameter of the shank 18 of the drill 14. In this way, the drill bit 42 relative to the shaft 18 forms a radially outwardly projecting annular shoulder. With this paragraph, the drill head 42 is in a storage position of the drill 14 in the pressure body 4 of the submarine on a on the inner circumference of the opening 14 radially inwardly projecting bracket bushing 50 on. In this way, the drill 14 is axially supported in its storage position in the pressure body 4.

With the drill 14, a hole 52 can be drilled into the overlying submarine ice cover 2, which allows the occupants of the submarine an exit from the submarine to the top of the ice cover 2 ( Fig. 2 ). Here, the drill 14 forms in the in the Fig. 1 and 2 Submarine shown an exit lock from the submarine. For this purpose, the shaft 18 is hollow and in the cavity of the shaft 18 a preferably telescopic ladder 54 is arranged, through which the occupants of the submarine can get to the drill head 42, which is removably attached to the shaft 18 and which after with the drill 14 a Hole 52 drilled in the ice cover 2 is moved into an exit through the drilled hole 52 enabling position.

During the drilling operation, the end of the shank 18 facing away from the drill head 42, which otherwise forms an access into the interior of the shank 18, is closed by a cover 56 which is pivotably articulated to the end of the shank 18. On this cover 56, the shaft 18 and thus the drill 14 is pressurized with a pressure medium to produce an axial feed of the drill 14 during the drilling operation. To this end, close to the keel 16 of the submarine end facing the hollow shaft 20 in the drawing not to scale shown pressure chamber 58 at. To generate a feed movement of the drill 14, seawater is pumped by means of a pump 60 into the pressure chamber 58 via a line 62 leading from the keel 16 of the submarine into the pressure chamber 58.

As a result, the cover 56 is pressurized and the drill 14 is moved in the direction of the ice cover 2. The formed on the pressure body 4 opening 10 is then no longer pressure-tightly closed by the drill bit 42 of the drill 14. In this situation, the hollow shaft 20 is sealed with respect to the shank 8 of the drill 14 with a seal 64 and with respect to the support structure 22 with a seal 66.

The drilling of a hole 52 in an ice cover 2 and a subsequent exit from the submarine to above the ice cover takes place in the submarine after the Fig. 1 and 2 as follows:

First, the submarine is maneuvered to just below the ice cover 2. This can be done with an arranged on the keel 16 of the submarine auxiliary drive in the form of inline thrusters 68. Once the submarine with the deformation bodies 8 at the bottom of the Ice cover 2 is applied, it is anchored to the ice cover 2. For this purpose, the submarine on anchoring devices 70, which are arranged in upper deck side formed on the pressure body 4 bulges 42. The anchoring devices 70 have an anchoring body 74, which is provided on its side facing away from the pressure body 4 side with a plurality of tips 76. The anchoring bodies 74 of the anchoring devices 70 are each mounted on a hydraulic cylinder 78. For anchoring the submarine to the ice cover 2, the hydraulic cylinders 78, which are preferably connected to a central hydraulic system of the submarine, are extended, whereby the tips 76 formed on the anchoring body 74 press into the underside of the ice cover 2. The submarine is now anchored to the ice cover 2.

Subsequently, the drilling process begins, in which the drill 14 is set in rotation by means of the hollow shaft 20 driven by the electric motor 28 and, by filling the pressure chamber 58, experiences an axial feed in the direction of the ice cover 2. The resulting during the drilling ice chips falling into the formed on the pressure body 4 opening 10 are blown by means of laterally adjacent to the drill 14 into the opening 10 projecting compressed air nozzles 80 in the outer environment of the submarine.

Once the drill 14 has completely penetrated the ice cover 2, the drill 14 is retracted again into the pressure hull 4 of the submarine. This is done by emptying the pressure chamber 58. When the pressure chamber 58 is emptied, a provided on the pressure chamber 58 shutter 82 is opened, which otherwise closes the pressure chamber 58 pressure-tight. Opening the shutter 82 releases an opening through which a person can enter the pressure chamber 58 and open the lid 56 closing the lower end of the shaft 18. Previously, already automatically the drill head 42 may have been released from the shaft 18 or it may be manually opened by the person in the pressure chamber 58 who rises in the shaft 18 via the conductors 54 to the drill head 42. Now there is an access to the top of the ice cover 2 from the pressure body 4 of the submarine over which the occupants of the submarine can leave the submarine.

At the in Fig. 3 illustrated submarine forms the drill 14 'no exit lock from the submarine. Although the shaft 18 'of the drill 14' is hollow for weight reasons, but the keel 16 of the submarine facing the end of the shaft 18 'is firmly closed.

Also at the in Fig. 3 a submarine shown forms a at the side remote from the keel 16 of the lower boat end of the shaft 18 'arranged drill head 42' of the drill 14 'a closure body for closing the upper deck side formed on the pressure body 4 opening 10. This drill head 42' has an outer diameter, which corresponds to the inner diameter of the opening 10 and is larger than the outer diameter of the shaft 18 '. With a thus formed radially outwardly cantilevered annular shoulder and the drill head 42 'is located on a on the inner circumference of the opening 10 radially inwardly cantilevered holding bushing 50.

The drill head 42 'is conical in shape, wherein it tapers from a maximum outer diameter corresponding to the inner diameter of the opening 10 in the direction away from the shaft 18'. On the side of the drill head 42 'facing away from the shank 18', four cutting edges 84 projecting in the axial direction of the drill 14 'are formed, the shape of which substantially corresponds to the shape of the main cutting edges of a conventional twist drill.

As with the submarine after the Fig. 1 and 2 joins the submarine too Fig. 3 to the keel 16 of the submarine facing the end of the hollow shaft 20, which is sealed relative to the shaft 8 of the drill 14 with a seal 64 and against the support structure 22 with a seal 66, a not shown to scale in the drawing pressure chamber 58 'at. To generate a feed movement of the drill 14 ', seawater is pumped by means of a pump 60 into the pressure chamber 58' via a line 62 'leading from the keel 16 of the submarine into the pressure chamber 58.

The drilling of a hole 52 in an ice cover 2 and a subsequent exit from the submarine to above the ice cover takes place in the submarine Fig. 3 as follows:

After the submarine has been maneuvered by means of the inline thruster 68 to just below the ice cover 2, it becomes anchoring devices 70, their design and arrangement of those of the submarine after the Fig. 1 and 2 corresponds anchored to the ice cover 2.

This is followed by the drilling operation, in which the drill 14 'is set into rotary motion via the hollow shaft 20 driven by the electric motor 28 and pressed against the ice cover 2 by filling the pressure chamber 58'. The resulting in the drilling process ice chips are discharged in the spaces between the cutting edges 84 of the drill head 42 'to the outside, where they are blown by means of laterally next to the drill 14 into the opening 10 projecting compressed air nozzles 80 in the outer environment of the submarine.

Once the drill 14 'has completely penetrated the ice cover 2, the drill 14' is retracted again into the pressure body 4 of the submarine, wherein the drill head 42 ', the opening 10 of the pressure hull 4th again pressure tight closes. The retraction of the drill 14 'takes place as the retraction of the drill 14 in the Fig. 1 and 2 shown submarines.

Subsequently, the anchoring bodies 74 of the anchoring devices 70 are retracted, so that the submarine can move freely again. With the help of the in-line thruster 68, the submarine is then maneuvered so that an exit opening 86 arranged on the upper side of the pressure body 4 is directly below an exit hole drilled in the ice cover 2 by the drill 14 '.

The exit opening 86, which is pressure-tightly closed by a cover 88, is arranged in a recess 90. The recess 90 has a larger diameter than the cover 88 closing the exit opening 86. An inflatable pressure hose 92 is mounted folded on an annular shoulder of the depression 90 designed around the lid. This pressure hose is then inflated whereby it expands in the longitudinal direction through the hole drilled in the ice cover 2 and protrudes at the top of the ice cover 2. Now, the lid 88 is opened, wherein the pressure hose 92 prevents seawater can get into the submarine via the exit opening 86. The inmates of the submarine can now leave this at the top of the ice cover 2.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

2

- Icecap

4

- Pressure body

6

- upper deck

8th

- Deformation body

10

- opening

12, 12 '

- Drilling device

14, 14 '

- Drill

16

- Kiel

18, 18 '

- shaft

20

- Hollow shaft

22

- Support structure

24

- Roller bearing

26

- Roller bearing

28

- electric motor

30

- sprocket

32

- Drive shaft

34

- gear

36

- groove

38

- nut

40

- Guide bush

42, 42 '

- drill head

44

- Disc

46

- cutting edge

48

- Center point

50

- Bracket bushing

52

- hole

54

- Ladder

56

- Lid

58, 58 '

- pressure chamber

60

- pump

62, 62 '

- Management

64

- Poetry

66

- Poetry

68

- Inline Thruster

70

- Anchoring device

72

- bulge

74

- anchoring body

76

- Top

80

- compressed air nozzle

82

- closure

84

- cutting edge

86

- Exit

88

- Lid

90

- Deepening

92

- Pressure hose

A

- longitudinal axis

Claims (10)

1. Submarine having an upwardly directed drilling device which is arranged in a pressure body (4) of the submarine and comprises a drill (14, 14') which can be extended out of an opening (10) of the pressure body (4) that is arranged on the upper deck side, characterized in that a drilling head (42, 42') of the drill (14, 14') forms a closure body which closes the opening (10) of the pressure body (4).
2. Submarine according to Claim 1, in which the drill (14, 14') comprises a shank (18, 18') which is arranged in a hollow shaft (20) rotationally moveably driven by a rotary drive and which is coupled in movement to the hollow shaft (20).
3. Submarine according to Claim 2, in which the drill (14, 14') is displaceable in the hollow shaft (20) in its longitudinal direction.
4. Submarine according to either of Claims 2 and 3, in which the drill (14, 14') can be subjected to pressure by a pressure medium at a side facing away from the drilling head (42, 42').
5. Submarine according to one of Claims 2 to 4, in which the hollow shaft (20) forms a part of a pressure chamber (58, 58') which can be filled with seawater.
6. Submarine according to one of the preceding claims, in which deformation bodies (8) are arranged on the upper-deck-side outer side of the submarine.
7. Submarine according to one of the preceding claims, in which anchoring devices (70) which can be extended out of the boat body on the upper deck side and intended for anchoring the submarine on the ice sheet (2) are provided.
8. Submarine according to one of the preceding claims, in which an inflatable pressure hose (92) forming an exit channel is provided on the outer side of an exit opening (86) of the submarine.
9. Submarine according to one of Claims 1 to 7, in which the drill (14) forms an exit lock out of the submarine.
10. Submarine according to Claim 9, in which the drilling head (42) forms an outer cover of the exit lock.

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