EP2743598B1 - Apparatus and method for adjusting air pressure of room - Google Patents

Apparatus and method for adjusting air pressure of room Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2743598B1
EP2743598B1 EP13196151.8A EP13196151A EP2743598B1 EP 2743598 B1 EP2743598 B1 EP 2743598B1 EP 13196151 A EP13196151 A EP 13196151A EP 2743598 B1 EP2743598 B1 EP 2743598B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
air
room
vent
air vent
pressure
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP13196151.8A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2743598A3 (en
EP2743598A2 (en
Inventor
Tommi Arpomaa
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Individual
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Publication date
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Publication of EP2743598A2 publication Critical patent/EP2743598A2/en
Publication of EP2743598A3 publication Critical patent/EP2743598A3/en
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Publication of EP2743598B1 publication Critical patent/EP2743598B1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/70—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof
    • F24F11/72—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the supply of treated air, e.g. its pressure
    • F24F11/74—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the supply of treated air, e.g. its pressure for controlling air flow rate or air velocity
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/0001—Control or safety arrangements for ventilation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
    • F24F13/02—Ducting arrangements
    • F24F13/0236—Ducting arrangements with ducts including air distributors, e.g. air collecting boxes with at least three openings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
    • F24F13/08—Air-flow control members, e.g. louvres, grilles, flaps or guide plates
    • F24F13/10—Air-flow control members, e.g. louvres, grilles, flaps or guide plates movable, e.g. dampers
    • F24F13/14—Air-flow control members, e.g. louvres, grilles, flaps or guide plates movable, e.g. dampers built up of tilting members, e.g. louvre
    • F24F13/1426—Air-flow control members, e.g. louvres, grilles, flaps or guide plates movable, e.g. dampers built up of tilting members, e.g. louvre characterised by actuating means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H3/00—Air heaters
    • F24H3/02—Air heaters with forced circulation
    • F24H3/04—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element
    • F24H3/0405—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element using electric energy supply, e.g. the heating medium being a resistive element; Heating by direct contact, i.e. with resistive elements, electrodes and fins being bonded together without additional element in-between
    • F24H3/0411—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element using electric energy supply, e.g. the heating medium being a resistive element; Heating by direct contact, i.e. with resistive elements, electrodes and fins being bonded together without additional element in-between for domestic or space-heating systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/0001—Control or safety arrangements for ventilation
    • F24F2011/0002—Control or safety arrangements for ventilation for admittance of outside air
    • F24F2011/0005—Control or safety arrangements for ventilation for admittance of outside air to create underpressure in a room, keeping contamination inside
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2110/00—Control inputs relating to air properties
    • F24F2110/40—Pressure, e.g. wind pressure

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an apparatus for adjusting air pressure of a room.
  • the invention further relates to a method for adjusting air pressure of a room.
  • low-pressure devices are used on building and renovation sites to prevent dust from spreading to the surroundings of the work site.
  • low-pressure devices must be equipped with air filters. Generally, filtration of at least HEPA H13 grade is used. Low pressure is formed by blowing the filtered air out of the work site.
  • Microfiltration-generated low pressure on work sites has long been used especially on work sites where asbestos-containing structures are demolished.
  • the use of microfiltration has also spread to work sites, in which stone dust, including concrete dust, is created, because all stone dust may cause a health risk.
  • a low-pressure device lowers the air pressure in the space to substantially lower than the targeted low pressure, the pressure difference may be 50 to 60 Pa, for example, in comparison to the surroundings. This may cause problems. Firstly, a big pressure difference makes air control in the space and the opening of access doors and the like difficult. Secondly, removing a large amount of air from a space may cause a very high heat loss, especially in winter. After all, warm air is removed, the replacement air of which needs to be heated.
  • Document US 4 841 733 A discloses a temperature and humidity control system for natatoriums.
  • Document US 2006/021375 A1 discloses an air conditioner and filtering unit producing a positive or negative pressure to create an isolation space.
  • the apparatus and method for adjusting the air pressure of a room according to the invention are characterised by what is disclosed in the characterising parts of the independent claims 1 and 9.
  • Other embodiments of the invention are characterised by what is disclosed in the other claims.
  • a control means comprises a control plate that is fastened turnably to an air distribution casing in such a manner that it can be turned in front of a second air vent. This provides the advantage that the control plate is simple to implement and provides an extensive adjustment range.
  • control means is arranged to be adjusted manually and that an element reducing its motion sensitivity is arranged to it. This provides the advantage that manual adjustment can be done at low cost, and the element reducing motion sensitivity facilitates the adjustment of the apparatus.
  • control means is connected to be controlled by a control unit and that the control unit is connected to a pressure difference sensor detecting pressure difference in the room and its surroundings. This provides the advantage that adjustment does not require the presence of personnel and that the pressure difference can be kept as desired all the time.
  • a second air vent is arranged to return air to the room and that the second air vent comprises a heater for heating the flowing air. This provides the advantage that the room can be heated by means of the returned air.
  • the heater comprises an electric resistor. This provides the advantage that the electric resistor provides a simple and safe means of heating air.
  • the apparatus comprises an air filter unit that is arranged in front of an air receive duct as seen in the flow direction, and a fan that is arranged to generate air flow through the apparatus. This provides the advantage that it is possible to take care of the adjustment of the air pressure level in the room and the filtration with the same apparatus.
  • the idea of an embodiment is that the air filter unit and fan are arranged in a low-pressure air purification device and that the apparatus comprises fastening means for fastening the air receive duct detachably and in a substantially air-tight manner to the low-pressure air purification device. This provides the advantage that the apparatus can be transported in smaller units and that, if necessary, the low-pressure air purification device can be used without the apparatus.
  • the second air vent is equipped with a pipe output fitting that is attachable to the air duct for conveying air away from the air distribution casing. This provides the advantage that the second air vent is easily attached to the ventilation ducts of the room, for instance.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic representation of an apparatus and method for adjusting the air pressure of a room.
  • the apparatus 1 is arranged in the room 2 that is separated in a substantially air-tight manner from its surroundings with an air-tight boundary 3.
  • the apparatus 1 is shown by a dot-and-dash line in the figure.
  • a room refers to an entity of one or more rooms or corresponding spaces, which is isolated from its surroundings in a substantially dust- and air-tight manner so that it is possible to form a pressure difference to its surroundings.
  • the boundary 3 can be made up of parts of a building, such as walls, windows, floor, ceiling, and/or material, such as plastic film, tape, temporary non-bearing wall structures, added for sealing purposes.
  • the apparatus 1 comprises an air receive duct 4 arranged to receive air from the room 2.
  • the receive duct 4 is at its simplest an opening in the device, but may naturally also comprise a suitably dimensioned pipe portion or the like.
  • the air of the room 2 flows through a low-pressure air purification device 17 before arriving in the receive duct 4.
  • the low-pressure air purification device 17 is described in more detail later on in this specification.
  • a first air vent 6 and a second air vent 7 are connected to the air distribution casing 5.
  • the air vents 6, 7 are arranged to convey air flowing from the receive duct 4 to the air distribution casing 5 out of the apparatus 1.
  • the first air vent 6 is arranged to convey air outside the room 2, such as to an adjacent room or out of the building.
  • the second air vent 7 conveys air to the room 2, in other words, back to the space, from which it was removed.
  • Both the receive duct 4 and the air vent 6, 7 may be a simple opening, or it may comprise a suitably dimensioned pipe portion or the like.
  • a control means 8 is arranged in the air distribution casing 5 to adjust the flow resistance of the second air vent 7 in relation to the first air vent 6.
  • control means 8 is arranged to adjust the flow surface area of the second air vent 7.
  • control means 8 is arranged to adjust the flow surface area of the first air vent 6
  • control means 8 is arranged to adjust the flow surface area of both the first and the second air vent 6.
  • control means 8 can be arranged elsewhere than in the air distribution casing 5, in either or both air vents 6, 7, for example.
  • the control means 8 now comprises a control plate or damper 9 that is fastened to the air distribution casing 5 to be turnable in relation to the second air vent 7.
  • a control plate or damper 9 that is fastened to the air distribution casing 5 to be turnable in relation to the second air vent 7.
  • a guillotine, register, rotatable valve disc or some other known air flow control means can also be used.
  • the second air vent 7 can be completely closed with the control plate 9, or the air flowing through it can be restricted so as to obtain the desired ratio of air flowing out of the apparatus through the different air vents 6, 7.
  • the position of the control plate 9 is adjusted manually.
  • an element 10 that reduces the motion sensitivity of the control plate such as a gas spring or friction mechanism, is connected to the control plate. This prevents an uncontrolled movement of the control plate 9 when the control plate 9 is adjusted in a strong air flow.
  • the correct position of the control plate 9 is locked into this position with a suitable locking member.
  • control plate 9 is arranged to be adjusted by a control unit 11 that controls an actuator, such as an electric motor, used in turning the control plate.
  • the control unit 11 may comprise a programmable logic and/or processor, for instance, that executes a computer program code downloaded into the control unit.
  • a pressure difference sensor 12 detecting a pressure difference between the room 2 and its surroundings is connected to the control unit 11.
  • the control unit 11 adjusts the position of the control plate 9 in such a manner that said pressure difference remains as desired.
  • the pressure in the room 2 is approximately 8 to 10 Pa below the air pressure of the surroundings, but it should be noted that the pressure difference could also be other than this.
  • control unit 11 turns the control plate 9 clockwise in the figure, which increases the ratio of air volume flow returning to the room 2 in relation to the air flow volume removed from the room 2.
  • control unit 11 turns the control plate 9 counterclockwise in the figure, which decreases the ratio of air volume flow returning to the room 2 in relation to the airflow volume removed from the room 2.
  • the apparatus 1 is controlled automatically.
  • the position of the control plate 9 is changed by an actuator, such as an electric motor, that is operated by a person responsible for the adjustment of the apparatus.
  • the control of the apparatus 1 can be manual or at least to some extent automatic.
  • the use of the air flow controllers can be controlled on the basis of information obtained from various measuring arrangements.
  • Said measuring arrangements can be based on measuring pressure difference, air pressure, air flow or the like.
  • the operation of air flow control motors of the apparatus 1 is controlled by means of the measuring arrangements.
  • the above-mentioned measuring arrangements are measurement sensors that are fixedly attached to the apparatus and measure pressure differences or the like through a flow pipe and thus control the air flow.
  • the measuring and control apparatuses may also be measurement sensors or systems based on a radio signal, gsm signal or some other digital data transmission, which control the operation of the air flow control plates of the device.
  • control plate 9 can also be applied to control means 8 of other type.
  • the apparatus 1 can be equipped with a heating device 13 to heat the air flowing in the second air vent 7.
  • the heating device 13 comprises an electric resistor 14, but it is also possible to use a heat exchanger connected to the water circulation, an oil- or gas-operated heater or a heater utilizing wood- or plant-based energy, such as a wood, pellet, chip or bio-oil heater.
  • the apparatus 1 is connected to a low-pressure air purification device 17 that comprises an air filter unit 15, through which air removed from the room 2 flow into the apparatus 1.
  • the air filter unit 15 may comprise one or more filter elements arranged in series.
  • the air filter unit 15 comprises a filter element of HEPA H13-grade or higher.
  • the low-pressure air purification device 17 also comprises a fan 16 that produces an air flow required in the operation of the apparatus 1 and low-pressure purification device 17.
  • the fan 16 is typically an electric fan.
  • the capacity of the fan 16 is dimensioned to achieve the necessary air flow. According to an idea, the capacity is enough to filter the room 2 air 6 to 10 times an hour.
  • the replacement air of the room 2 can be taken from outside the building or inside the building, but outside the room 2.
  • the present invention brings about an especially big cost saving during the heating period, because the amount of cold replacement air from outdoors can be reduced. In addition, this provides the advantage that any temporary building heaters in the room 2 operate with the higher operating efficiency, the higher the temperature of the replacement air coming to them is.
  • the apparatus 1 comprises fastening means 18, with which the air receive duct 4 can be detachably and substantially air-tightly fastened to the vent of the low-pressure purification device 17. Thanks to the fastening means 18, the apparatus 1 and low-pressure purification device 17 can be moved and transported separately and only connected to each other in the room 2. To move the apparatus, it can be equipped with wheels 20. If necessary, the low-pressure air purification device 17 can also be used without the apparatus 1.
  • the second air vent 7 of the apparatus 1 is equipped with a pipe output fitting 19 that is dimensioned for connection to any generally used ventilation pipe. This way, the air in the air vent 7 can be conveyed away from the apparatus 1.
  • the second air vent 7 is connected to a normal ventilation duct 21 of the room 2, which is isolated from the ventilation machine of the room by plugging, for instance. This way, the heat of the return air and the pressure equalization gain can be evenly distributed in the room 2, which is advantageous in large and multiform rooms, in particular.
  • Another advantage may be derived from the fact that the ventilation ducts of the room 2 can be kept under overpressure all the time, in which case any dust caused by an operation in the room 2 will not enter the ventilation ducts.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic representation of a second apparatus and method for adjusting the air pressure of a room.
  • the principle of the apparatus 1 and method does not differ per se from what is shown in Figure 1 , but now the air filter unit 15 and fan 16 are accommodated in the same shell with the air distribution casing 5. This way, the apparatus 1 forms an assembly that is capable of independent operation, can be used to adjust the pressure difference between the room 2 and its surroundings and purifies the air in the room 2.
  • Heat recovery 22 with which thermal energy is recovered from the air removed from the room 2, can be arranged in the first air vent 5. This thermal energy can be utilized in heating the air flowing in the second air vent 7, for instance. It should be noted that heat recovery 22 can also be arranged in the apparatus shown in Figure 1 and those described in its description.
  • features disclosed in this application may be used as such, regardless of other features.
  • features disclosed in this application may be combined in order to provide different combinations.
  • the apparatus of the invention is characterised in that it comprises an air receive duct that is arranged to receive air from the room, an air distribution casing connected to the receive duct, first and second air vents connected to the air distribution casing and arranged to convey air coming from the receive duct out of the apparatus, and a control means arranged to adjust the flow resistance of the second air vent in relation to that of the first air vent.
  • the method of the invention is characterised by connecting the air receive duct to receive air from the room, conveying air from the receive duct to the air distribution casing, conveying a first part of the air from the air distribution casing to the first air vent and through it out of the room, and conveying a second part of the air from the air distribution casing to the second air vent and through it back to the room, and adjusting the flow resistance of the second air vent in relation to that of the first air vent.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Ventilation (AREA)
  • Air Conditioning Control Device (AREA)
  • Duct Arrangements (AREA)
EP13196151.8A 2012-12-13 2013-12-09 Apparatus and method for adjusting air pressure of room Active EP2743598B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI20126303A FI125673B (sv) 2012-12-13 2012-12-13 Anordning och förfarande för reglering av luftrycket i ett rumsutrymme

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2743598A2 EP2743598A2 (en) 2014-06-18
EP2743598A3 EP2743598A3 (en) 2018-04-04
EP2743598B1 true EP2743598B1 (en) 2020-10-21

Family

ID=49911124

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP13196151.8A Active EP2743598B1 (en) 2012-12-13 2013-12-09 Apparatus and method for adjusting air pressure of room

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US20140170953A1 (sv)
EP (1) EP2743598B1 (sv)
CA (1) CA2836170A1 (sv)
FI (1) FI125673B (sv)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP6721241B2 (ja) * 2017-03-01 2020-07-08 株式会社イシダ 物品振分システム
KR102145359B1 (ko) * 2020-01-02 2020-08-28 (주) 한독크린텍 캐빈필터 유닛

Family Cites Families (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS63238350A (ja) * 1987-03-25 1988-10-04 Hitachi Ltd 建屋内負圧制御装置
US4841733A (en) * 1988-01-07 1989-06-27 Dussault David R Dri-Pc humidity and temperature controller
GB2260793A (en) * 1991-10-23 1993-04-28 Colt Int Licensing Apparatus for braking a member, particularly an opening ventilator flap biased to one of two positions
JP2001020547A (ja) * 1999-07-12 2001-01-23 Aiken Kogyo Kk 空気清浄機付き喫煙ルーム
US7059536B2 (en) * 2002-07-19 2006-06-13 Mestek, Inc. Air circulation system
GB2421686B (en) * 2002-08-19 2007-02-21 Kent Tooling & Components Ltd Thermally-actuated cartridge and fire damper
US7251953B2 (en) * 2004-07-27 2007-08-07 Air Innovations, Inc. Environmental control unit for hospital room
US7484668B1 (en) * 2005-10-03 2009-02-03 Building Protection Systems, Inc. Building protection system and method
US7758407B2 (en) * 2006-09-26 2010-07-20 Siemens Industry, Inc. Ventilation control based on occupancy
US8326464B2 (en) * 2008-08-29 2012-12-04 Trane International Inc. Return fan control system and method
EP2454532B1 (en) * 2009-07-17 2018-09-12 Technical University of Denmark Device and method for reducing spread of microorganisms and airborne health hazardous matter and/or for protection from microorganisms and airborne health hazardous matter
JP2013511695A (ja) * 2009-11-19 2013-04-04 フィパック・リサーチ・アンド・ディベロップメント・カンパニー 向上されたエネルギー効率を有するダクト付き換気フードを運転するための方法および装置

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Title
None *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2743598A3 (en) 2018-04-04
CA2836170A1 (en) 2014-06-13
FI125673B (sv) 2016-01-15
FI20126303A (sv) 2014-06-14
EP2743598A2 (en) 2014-06-18
US20140170953A1 (en) 2014-06-19

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