Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
  • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F15B11/00—Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor
  • F15B11/16—Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor with two or more servomotors
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
  • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
  • B66C23/00—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
  • B66C23/62—Constructional features or details
  • B66C23/72—Counterweights or supports for balancing lifting couples
  • B66C23/78—Supports, e.g. outriggers, for mobile cranes
  • B66C23/80—Supports, e.g. outriggers, for mobile cranes hydraulically actuated
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
  • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
  • B66C23/00—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
  • B66C23/88—Safety gear
  • B66C23/90—Devices for indicating or limiting lifting moment
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
  • E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
  • E02F9/08—Superstructures; Supports for superstructures
  • E02F9/085—Ground-engaging fitting for supporting the machines while working, e.g. outriggers, legs
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
  • E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
  • E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
  • E02F9/2004—Control mechanisms, e.g. control levers
  • E02F9/2012—Setting the functions of the control levers, e.g. changing assigned functions among operations levers, setting functions dependent on the operator or seat orientation
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
  • E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
  • E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
  • E02F9/2025—Particular purposes of control systems not otherwise provided for
  • E02F9/2041—Automatic repositioning of implements, i.e. memorising determined positions of the implement
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
  • E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
  • E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
  • E02F9/22—Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
  • E02F9/2221—Control of flow rate; Load sensing arrangements
  • E02F9/2225—Control of flow rate; Load sensing arrangements using pressure-compensating valves
  • E02F9/2228—Control of flow rate; Load sensing arrangements using pressure-compensating valves including an electronic controller
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
  • E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
  • E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
  • E02F9/22—Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
  • E02F9/2278—Hydraulic circuits
  • E02F9/2292—Systems with two or more pumps
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
  • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
  • F15B2211/30—Directional control
  • F15B2211/305—Directional control characterised by the type of valves
  • F15B2211/3056—Assemblies of multiple valves
  • F15B2211/3059—Assemblies of multiple valves having multiple valves for multiple output members
  • F15B2211/30595—Assemblies of multiple valves having multiple valves for multiple output members with additional valves between the groups of valves for multiple output members

Definitions

• Hydraulic circuit for working machines and working machine Hydraulic circuit for working machines and working machine .
• the present invention relates to a hydraulic circuit for working machines and a working machine.
• the present invention basically concerns the working machines equipped with a stabilizing system with stabilizers implemented by means of hydraulic cylinders.
• Stabilization step (the machine is stabilized in order to ensure its stability in the working conditions )
• Aerial step air movement through movable arms or other equipments to move people or loads
• actuators usually consisting of cylinders or hydraulic motors. Said actuators are activated and controlled by means of valves that are intended to isolate, dosing or deflect the energy vector produced by the energy generation system that provides pressure and hydraulic flow to the extent required .
• Proportional distributors have the purpose of finely dosing the power conveyed to the actuators in response to signals provided by a control unit to which to a control panel provided with levers joystick operable by an operator can also be connected.
• the stabilization step is intended to provide a sufficiently broad supporting base to the machine to enable it to operate safely, that is, without risk of overturning.
• This is achieved by means of stabilizers that are placed on the ground and suitably adjusted to reach a safety attitude.
• the stabilizers are implemented as long as an inclinometer of the machine does not indicate a verticality error less than a value that is determined on the basis of the local safety regulations (commonly 2 to 5 degrees) and sensors intended to check the contact of the stabilizers with the ground does not detect the stabilization (that is, a firm contact of the stabilizers with the ground) .
• Equally critical are the other operational phases of the machine that may require movements controlled with precision.
• proportional valves also for managing the phase translation and/or the aerial phases.
• proportional distributors are particularly expensive and require a relatively complex and consequently expensive control system, which results in a corresponding complexity of the control unit and, therefore, a relatively high cost of the latter.
• the proportional valves are equal in number to the movements requiring fine adjustment or control. Consequently, the number of such components of the hydraulic circuit is greater than the number of simultaneous movements requiring the proportional control.
• DE102005048280A1 discloses a hydraulic circuit that can equip ' a working machine.
• DE19633191A1 discloses a valve for hydraulic circuits.
• the main purpose of the present invention is to propose a hydraulic circuit for working machines that meets all the requirements listed above.
• Fig.l is a simplified block diagram of a hydraulic circuit in accordance with a possible embodiment of the present invention.
• FIG.2 schematically shows a hydraulic circuit in accordance with the present invention corresponding to the block diagram of fig.l;
• - Fig.3A is a schematic side view of a crawler crane base provided with the circuit of fig.2;
• Fig.3b is a schematic plan view of the base and the stabilizers of the crawler crane shown Fig.3A;
• FIG.4 is a simplified block diagram of a circuit in accordance with a further possible embodiment of the invention.
• a hydraulic circuit in accordance with the present invention is particularly intended to equip working machines comprising a stabilizing system which operates in a phase which excludes the execution of other phases.
• the machine may be a crawler crane (1) of the type shown in Fig. 3A and 3B, comprising a self-propelled base having tracks (2) actuated by a hydraulic motor, an arm (3) operated by hydraulic actuators, and a plurality of stabilizers (4) also operated by hydraulic actuators.
• a translation step in which the tracks are driven to move the machine to the selected working point and then spaced to increase the base width
• a stabilization phase in which the actuators connected with the tracks ( 2) are disabled and the stabilizers (4) are extracted in order to have the machine stabilized in the desired safety configuration once reached the working point
• an aerial phase in which operate only the actuators for moving the arm (3) are enabled, and all the other actuators are disabled.
• the actuators controlling the stabilizers (4) and the arm (3) are disabled; when , the actuators controlling the stabilizers (4) are enabled, the hydraulic motor driving the tracks (2) and actuators driving the arm (3) are disabled; and, when the actuators driving the arm (3) are enabled, the hydraulic motor driving the tracks (2) and the actuators controlling the stabilizers (4) are disabled.
• a hydraulic circuit in accordance with the present invention comprises:
• control unit (C) connected to the power unit (P), to the proportional distribution unit (D) and to the flow diverter (DF) ;
• control panel (CO) connected to the control unit (C) .
• the flow diverter (DF) can also be of the manually operated type.
• the actuators of the group (GA) are marked by references (Al, A2, A3, A4 ) ; the actuators of the group (GT) are marked by references (Tl, T2, T3, T4), and the actuators of the group (GS) are marked by references (SI, S2, S3, S 4 ) .
• the actuators (Al, A2, A3, A4 ) of the group (GA) are four in number and control the movements of the arm (3);
• the actuators (Tl , T2, T3, T4) of the group (GT) are four in number and control the movements of the tracks and the distance between the tracks to adjust the base width and / or perform auxiliary functions;
• actuators (SI, S2, S3, S4) of the group ( GS) are also four in number and control the movements of the stabilizers (4).
• the actuators (Al, A2, A3, A ) of the group (GA) control the various sections of the articulated arm (3) to place and move it as desired
• the actuators (Tl, T2, T3, T4) of the group (GT) are hydraulic motors for driving the tracks (2) and actuators which approach or move away the same tracks to vary the width of the base depending on the working condition of the machine (tracks close when the machine translates/tracks spaced when the machine is parked in the selected working point )
• actuators (SI, S2, S3, S4) of the group (GS) determine the extraction or retraction of the stabilizers (4) which are conventionally constituted by telescopic arms hinged to the frame of the machine and which are retracted when the machine is in motion and are extracted when the machine is parked and it is necessary to stabilize it in order have a safety machine configuration.
• the proportional valves (Dl, D2, D3, D4) of the unit (D) are four in number.
• the number of proportional valves of the unit (D) is equal to the maximum number of contemporaneous proportional actuations executable by any of the actuator groups (GA, GT, GS) served by the power unit (P) .
• each of the groups (GA, GT, GS) comprises four actuators operable simultaneously for each of which the control is provided by means of a corresponding proportional distributor, and since the use of the actuators of a group excludes the use of the actuators of the other groups, the proportional valves are four in number (which corresponds to the maximum number of f actuators of any group that can be activated simultaneously) .
• the execution of a phase excludes the execution of the other phases, there is a maximization of the use of the proportional distributors by diverting the action of the same proportional distributors on the group of actuators that must be active in the selected working phase.
• the control panel (CO) comprises a multi-position selector (S) (for example, the selector can assume three positions corresponding to three groups of actuators served by proportional distributors) and more joystick-type command levers (Jl, J2, J3, J4 ) (for example, four joystick-type command levers, i.e. one joystick-type command levers for each proportional distributor of the unit D) .
• the position of the selector (S) determines, by means of the diverter (DF) , the hydraulic connection of the proportional distributors of the unit (D) with the chosen group of actuators (GA, GT, GS) .
• the flow diverter (DF) has inputs corresponding in number to the number of distributors of the unit (D) and a number of outputs corresponding to the number of groups of actuators served by the proportional distributors.
• a first step the operator moves the selector of the control panel (CO) in the position corresponding to the stabilization phase and enables the start of this phase by acting on an appropriate button of the same panel (CO) .
• the control unit (C) activates the individual actuators (SI, S2, S3, S4) of the group (GS) for a predetermined and adjustable time, to obtain the extraction of the stabilizers (4).
• a third step the joysticks are enabled and the operator adjusts the extension of each actuator (SI, S2, S3, S4) to position the machine in the desired attitude (in the absence of an electronic inclinometer, an analog inclinometer can be used and the operator will adjust the attitude of the machine on the basis of the indications provided by the analog inclinometer by acting on each actuator using the joysticks that control the proportional distributors each of which in turn controls a corresponding actuator of the group GS) .
• This step can be performed with the control panel (CO) at a safety distance from the working machine.
• the control unit (C) can be programmed to perform the following: by means of the control panel (CO) it is started the return phase of the stabilizers (4), phase that can be executed only if the machine is in a rest safety state; then, the control unit (C) simultaneously operates the actuators of all the stabilizers at identical speeds to obtain the return of the latter in their rest position, and stops the actuators when the respective sensors (ST) detect the lack of contact with the ground; when all the stabilizers are raised, the unit (C) commands their return to the respective initial positions.
• the control panel (CO) it is started the return phase of the stabilizers (4), phase that can be executed only if the machine is in a rest safety state
• the control unit (C) simultaneously operates the actuators of all the stabilizers at identical speeds to obtain the return of the latter in their rest position, and stops the actuators when the respective sensors (ST) detect the lack of contact with the ground; when all the stabilizers are raised, the unit (C) commands their return to the respective initial positions.
• the stabilization phase can be managed completely automatically by the control unit (C) that interacts with the electronic inclinometer and with the sensors (ST) . It is noted that this mode of operation can be implemented via software without intervening on the architecture of the hydraulic circuit .
• the group (GA) comprises a single actuator (Al)
• the group (GT) comprises two actuators (Tl, T2)
• the group (GS) comprises three actuators (SI, S2, S3)
• the unit (D) comprises three proportional distributors (Dl, D2, D3) because three is the maximum number of possible simultaneous actuations (i.e., the number of the actuators of the group GS) .
• use may be made, for example, of only three j oysticks .
• n max nD.

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• 2011
  • 2011-08-05 IT IT000164A patent/ITFI20110164A1/it unknown
• 2012
  • 2012-07-31 WO PCT/IT2012/000239 patent/WO2013021404A2/en active Application Filing
  • 2012-07-31 EP EP12773383.0A patent/EP2739862A2/de not_active Withdrawn

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