EP2734796A1 - Système et procédé de dégradation inverse d'un matériau magnétocalorique - Google Patents

Système et procédé de dégradation inverse d'un matériau magnétocalorique

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Publication number
EP2734796A1
EP2734796A1 EP12814189.2A EP12814189A EP2734796A1 EP 2734796 A1 EP2734796 A1 EP 2734796A1 EP 12814189 A EP12814189 A EP 12814189A EP 2734796 A1 EP2734796 A1 EP 2734796A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
temperature
magnetocaloric material
bed
heat transfer
magnetocaloric
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP12814189.2A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2734796A4 (fr
Inventor
Carl B. Zimm
Steven A. Jacobs
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Astronautics Corp of America
Original Assignee
Astronautics Corp of America
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Astronautics Corp of America filed Critical Astronautics Corp of America
Publication of EP2734796A1 publication Critical patent/EP2734796A1/fr
Publication of EP2734796A4 publication Critical patent/EP2734796A4/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B21/00—Machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/012—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials adapted for magnetic entropy change by magnetocaloric effect, e.g. used as magnetic refrigerating material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2321/00—Details of machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects
    • F25B2321/002—Details of machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects by using magneto-caloric effects
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2321/00—Details of machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects
    • F25B2321/002—Details of machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects by using magneto-caloric effects
    • F25B2321/0022—Details of machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects by using magneto-caloric effects with a rotating or otherwise moving magnet
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]

Definitions

  • the material is paramagnetic, rather than ferromagnetic. Near the Curie temperature, the coherent alignment of atomic spins in an applied field results in a decrease in the magnetic entropy of the material. If the material is thermally isolated, so that its total entropy is conserved, this decrease in its magnetic entropy is compensated by an increase in its thermal entropy, and its temperature rises. This rise in temperature upon exposure to a magnetic field is known as the magnetocaloric effect. When the applied field is removed, the magnetic entropy rises and the thermal entropy decreases, lowering the temperature of the material.
  • An illustrative method includes identifying at least partial degradation of a magnetocaloric material in a magnetic cooling system, wherein the magnetiocaloric material has a Curie temperature. The method also includes regenerating the magnetocaloric material by maintaining the magnetocaloric material at a
  • the regenerating temperature is different from the Curie temperature of the magnetocaloric material.
  • Another illustrative method includes forming at least one bed of a magnetic cooling system, wherein the at least one bed includes a magnetocaloric material, wherein the magnetocaloric material has a Curie temperature, and wherein a heat transfer fluid is configured to transfer heat to or from the magnetocaloric material in the at least one bed.
  • the method also includes forming at least one valve of the magnetic cooling system to control a flow of the heat transfer fluid through the at least one bed and either a heater or a heat exchanger, wherein flow of the heat transfer fluid between the at least one bed and the heater regenerates the magnetocaloric material by maintaining the magnetocaloric material at a
  • the regenerating temperature is different from the Curie temperature of the magnetocaloric material.
  • An illustrative apparatus includes a heat transfer fluid and a bed
  • the bed is configured to allow the heat transfer fluid to transfer heat to or from the
  • the apparatus also includes a heater configured to maintain the magnetocaloric material at a regenerating temperature for an amount of time to regenerate the magnetocaloric material, wherein the regenerating temperature is different from the Curie temperature of the magnetocaloric material.
  • An illustrative system includes a first subsystem and a second subsystem.
  • the first subsystem includes a first heat transfer fluid and a first bed having a first magnetocaloric material, wherein the first magnetocaloric material has a first Curie temperature.
  • the first subsystem also includes a first valve configured to control whether the first subsystem operates in regeneration mode or cooling mode.
  • the second subsystem includes a second heat transfer fluid and a second bed having a second magnetocaloric material, wherein the second magnetocaloric material has a second Curie temperature.
  • the second subsystem also includes a second valve configured to control whether the second subsystem operates in regeneration mode or cooling mode.
  • Fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating the magnetocaloric effect in gadolinium (Gd) in accordance with an illustrative embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating stages of an active magnetic regenerator cycle in accordance with an illustrative embodiment.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a comparison between the isothermal entropy change in a 1 .0 Tesla field (left panel) and heat capacity (right panel) of LaFeSiH and Gd in accordance with an illustrative embodiment.
  • Fig. 4 illustrates minimum and maximum fluid temperatures over the refrigeration cycle as functions of position in a magnetic refrigeration bed in accordance with an illustrative embodiment.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating the performance of a magnetic refrigeration prototype with 5-layer LaFeSiH beds as compared to a magnetic refrigeration prototype with single-layer Gd beds in accordance with an illustrative embodiment.
  • Fig. 6 illustrates a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) trace of a pristine sample of LaFeSiH in accordance with an illustrative embodiment.
  • Fig. 7 presents the DSC trace of the same material in Fig. 6 after being held close to its Curie temperature for over one year in accordance with an illustrative embodiment.
  • Fig. 8 is a diagram illustrating the recovery of age-split LaFeSiH by exposure to elevated temperatures in accordance with an illustrative embodiment.
  • Fig. 9 is a diagram illustrating the recovery of age-split LaFeSiH by exposure to lowered temperature in accordance with an illustrative embodiment.
  • FIG. 10 is a diagram of an active magnetic regenerator type refrigerator operating in cooling mode in accordance with an illustrative embodiment.
  • FIG. 1 1 is a diagram of an active magnetic regenerator type refrigerator operating in recovery mode in accordance with an illustrative embodiment.
  • FIG. 12 is a diagram of an active magnetic regenerator cooling system with two dual stage subsystems in accordance with a first illustrative embodiment.
  • FIG. 13 is a diagram of an active magnetic regenerator cooling system with two dual stage subsystems in accordance with a second illustrative embodiment.
  • a magnetic refrigerator uses the magnetocaloric effect to pump heat out of a colder system and exhaust that heat to a warmer environment.
  • the magnetocaloric effect refers to the rise in temperature of a material upon exposure to a magnetic field. When the applied field is removed, the magnetic entropy rises and the thermal entropy decreases, lowering the temperature of the material. This temperature change is shown in Fig. 1 for gadolinium (Gd), which is a
  • magnetocaloric material with a Curie temperature of about 60 °F. With this material initially at a temperature of 60 °F, application of a 2-Tesla field, for example, will cause a temperature rise of 10 °F. The temperature change increases as the strength of the applied field is increased.
  • Modern room-temperature MR systems may employ an Active Magnetic Regenerator (AMR) cycle to perform cooling.
  • AMR Active Magnetic Regenerator
  • An early implementation of the AMR cycle can be found in U.S. Patent No. 4,332,135, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • the AMR cycle has four stages, as shown schematically in Fig. 2.
  • the MR system in Fig. 2 includes a porous bed of magnetocaloric material (MCM) and a heat transfer fluid, which exchanges heat with the MCM as it flows through the bed.
  • MCM magnetocaloric material
  • heat transfer fluid which exchanges heat with the MCM as it flows through the bed.
  • the left side of the bed is the cold side, while the hot side is on the right.
  • MCM magnetocaloric material
  • the hot and cold sides can be reversed.
  • the timing and direction (hot-to-cold or cold-to-hot) of the fluid flow is coordinated with the application and removal of a magnetic field.
  • this fluid is circulated through a hot side heat exchanger, where it exhausts its heat to the ambient environment.
  • the fluid flow is terminated and the magnetic field is removed. This causes the bed to cool further.
  • the final stage of the cycle (“hot-to-cold-flow"), fluid at a fixed temperature ⁇ ⁇ , (the hot inlet temperature) is pumped through the bed from the hot side to the cold side in the continued absence of the magnetic field.
  • T Co the cold outlet temperature
  • this colder fluid is circulated through a cold side heat exchanger, where it picks up heat from the refrigerated system, allowing this system to maintain its cold temperature.
  • the cycle time The time that it takes to complete execution of the four stages of the AMR cycle is called the cycle time, and its inverse is known as the cycle frequency.
  • the "temperature span" of the MR system is defined as ⁇ ⁇ , - T Q , which is the difference in the inlet fluid temperatures.
  • the AMR cycle is analogous to a simple vapor compression cycle, where gas compression (which causes the gas to heat) plays the role of magnetization, and where free expansion of the gas (which drops the gas temperature) plays the role of demagnetization.
  • Fig. 2 illustrates the operation of a single-bed MR system, in alternative embodiments, multiple beds, each undergoing the same AMR cycle, may be combined in a single system to increase the cooling power, reduce the system size, or otherwise improve the implementation of the AMR cycle.
  • a magnetic field of 1 - 2 Tesla is utilized to effectively exploit the magnetocaloric effect for refrigeration.
  • This field is usually provided by an assembly of powerful NdFeB magnets.
  • the remanent magnetization of the highest grade of NdFeB magnets is about 1 .5 Tesla.
  • the use of a stronger field than this would improve MR performance, but to achieve fields in excess of the remanent magnetization, a large (and potentially prohibitive) increase in magnet size and weight is required.
  • 1 .5 Tesla is the field strength that provides a roughly optimum balance between MR system size and performance.
  • magnets with remanent magnetizations greater than 1 .5 Tesla may be obtained. In this case, the optimum field strength of an MR system will increase accordingly.
  • the permanent magnet assembly is generally the most expensive component in the MR.
  • the magnetocaloric material used in the MR should possess the strongest possible magnetocaloric effect. This material should also avoid the use of any toxic, reactive, or rare (and therefore expensive) constituents.
  • the former consideration rules out the commercial use of Gd, for example, which is nontoxic, inert, and inexpensive but has a weak magnetocaloric effect.
  • Lanthanum iron silicon hydride (LaFeSiH) is one of the most promising magnetocalonc materials for use in commercial MR systems.
  • LaFeSiH A description of LaFeSiH can be found in an article by Fujita et al. titled “Itinerant- electron metamagnetic transition and large magnetocaloric effects in La(Fe x Sii -x )i3 compounds and their hydrides," Physical Review B 67 (2003), the entire disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein. This material has a strong
  • Fig. 3 shows the two most important measures of magnetocaloric strength, the isothermal entropy change (left panel) in a 1 .0 Tesla field and heat capacity (right panel) of LaFeSiH. For comparison, the same properties for Gd are also shown. Because of its greatly enhanced magnetocaloric strength, MR systems employing LaFeSiH can be much more compact than a system employing Gd. Although LaFeSiH has the rare earth metal La (Lanthanum) as a constituent, it remains inexpensive as La is one of the most abundant of these elements.
  • La rare earth metal La
  • the temperature span will be substantial, typically about 30 °C (54 °F) or larger.
  • the overall span supported by an MR system may be large, the temperature within a given axial section of a bed in the system will remain within a relatively narrow range over the refrigeration cycle.
  • Fig. 4 shows the theoretical minimum and maximum fluid
  • each layer contains a
  • the Curie temperature of LaFeSiH can be easily controlled between ⁇ 60 °C (the range of interest for room temperature MR systems) by varying the hydrogen (H) content, making it ideal for use in a layered bed.
  • Fig. 5 shows the measured cooling power of a prototype MR system as a function of temperature span with beds formed from 5 layers of LaFeSiH.
  • fewer or more layers may be used.
  • the figure also shows the performance of identical beds with a single layer of Gd under the same operating conditions.
  • the layered LaFeSiH beds provide over three times the cooling power of the Gd beds.
  • LaFeSiH appears to be an ideal material for use in a MR, its properties are not stable. This material has been shown to undergo a gradual deterioration of its magnetocaloric strength when it is stored at a temperature very close to its Curie point, as described in an article by A. Barcza et al. entitled “Stability and magnetocaloric properties of sintered La(Fe,Mn,Si)i3H z alloys", presented at the IEEE International Magnetics Conference (Taipei, Taiwan) 201 1 , session ED-07 (hereinafter "A. Barcza et al.”), the entire disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein.
  • Fig. 6 illustrates the DSC trace of a pristine sample of LaFeSiH, which has a single, sharp peak. The figure also illustrates the width of the peak in the DSC trace.
  • Fig. 7 shows the DSC trace of the same sample after it has been kept close to its Curie temperature for over one year. When kept at a temperature close to its Curie temperature, the DSC trace shows that the ferromagnetic to paramagnetic phase change broadens in width and declines in height. Eventually, the initially large and sharp transition of this material will split into two broad, shallow peaks ("age-splitting"), as illustrated in Fig. 7 and in A.
  • Barcza et al. The age-splitting of the DSC trace is accompanied by a reduction in the entropy change of the material, as measured by magnetometry and as also illustrated in A. Barcza et al.
  • the rate at which the splitting occurs depends on temperature. For LaFeSiH with a 2 °C curie point stored at 2 °C, significant broadening of the peak takes about 10 days, and a split peak takes about 60 days to form. For LaFeSiH material with a 20 °C curie point stored at 20 °C, a split peak develops in about 10 days. For material with a 32 °C curie point stored at 32 °C, a split peak develops in about 5 days.
  • the ageing process for LaFeSiH appears to not depend on the synthesis method, as long as the hydrogen content is less than 1 .5 per formula unit.
  • the age- splitting process was seen in material that was arc melted, then annealed for several weeks to form the 1 -13 phase, then hydrided.
  • the age-splitting process was also seen in material that was rapidly solidified by melt spinning or atomization, and then annealed for a few hours or less to form the 1 -13 phase, and then hydrided.
  • the ageing process was seen in different samples of LaFeSiH with slightly different compositions, such as Lai.29(Fe 0 .88Si 0 . i2)i3 H y and Lai.
  • the value of y can be between approximately 0.8 and 1 .5. Alternatively, a different range of y values may be used. As discussed herein, different values of y can be used to generate magnetocaloric materials having different Curie temperatures.
  • the magnetocaloric material When used in an MR system, the magnetocaloric material will inevitably be exposed to temperatures close to its Curie temperature. Indeed, in a layered bed, the material in a layer is selected to have a Curie temperature equal to the average temperature seen by that layer during the MR cycle. Thus, if partially hydrogenated LaFeSiH, or more generally RE(TM x Sii -x )i3Hy, is used in an MR system, its magnetocaloric properties will degrade over time. In spite of its significant advantages over other magnetocaloric materials, this degradation in the
  • the regenerating temperature used to recover the magnetocaloric material can be less than a maximum temperature at which hydrogen may begin to leave the magnetocaloric material. The maximum temperature is approximately 180 °C.
  • RE(TM x Sii -x )i3Hy materials can be used in suitably modified MR systems, which forms the basis of the subject matter described herein. In the usual mode of operation of an MR system with layered beds of
  • the material layers will remain close to their respective Curie temperatures, which will cause deterioration of the magnetocaloric material.
  • the portion of the magnetocaloric material with Curie point near ambient temperature may also deteriorate.
  • Applicants have developed a modified MR system that is configured to hold the layers of magnetocaloric material at a temperature that differs from the Curie temperature of the magnetocaloric material to reverse whatever age-splitting degradation may have occurred and to recover their full magnetocaloric effect.
  • the temperature at which the magnetocaloric material is held which can be higher or lower than the Curie temperature of the magnetocaloric material, can differ from the Curie temperature by 10° C, 25° C, 50° C, 100° C, etc. depending on the desired rate of recovery, the system capacity, etc. In an illustrative embodiment, temperature at which the magnetocaloric material is held can differ from the Curie temperature by approximately 10° C.
  • an MR system employs RE(TM x Sii -x )i3Hy as the magnetocaloric material and has a heating element plumbed into the flow system.
  • the heating element can be activated.
  • the MR system would then circulate heated fluid through the magnetocaloric material, completely reversing any age-splitting that may have occurred since the last high-temperature treatment.
  • a heater can be plumbed in parallel with the cold heat exchanger.
  • flow is directed through the CHEX and the HHEX, as shown in Fig. 10.
  • an AMR type refrigerator is operating in cooling mode, including one or more demagnetized beds providing cooling to a cold heat exchanger in thermal contact with the load to be cooled.
  • One or more magnetized beds are rejecting heat to a hot heat exchanger.
  • each bed comprises layers of RE(TMxSi1 -x)13Hy with Curie points approximately ranging from Tc to Th, where Th > Tc.
  • Fig. 1 1 illustrates an AMR type refrigerator operating in recovery mode.
  • a heater in series with the beds heats the beds to more than 10 C above the highest Curie point of the material in the beds, and the heat exchangers are bypassed.
  • a valve switches flow away from the cold heat exchanger and redirects the flow to the heater, as shown in Fig. 1 1 and discussed in more detail below.
  • a second valve may be added to switch flow away from the hot heat exchanger when in recovery mode (also see Fig. 1 1 ). These two valves thermally isolate the MR system so it may be heated to a temperature approximately 10° C higher than the Curie point of all magnetocaloric materials in the system using a relatively small amount of heater power.
  • a cooling system in addition to having a heating element, can include two independent MR subsystems.
  • the first MR subsystem can provide cooling as in Fig. 10, while simultaneously the beds of the second subsystem undergo heat treatment as in Fig. 1 1 , to reverse age-splitting. After a certain duration under these operating conditions (e.g., 1 hour, 2 hours, 4 hours, 12 hours, etc.), the MR subsystems can be switched, with the second subsystem providing cooling, and the first subsystem undergoing heat treatment. Under periods of peak cooling demand, both MR subsystems could provide cooling power.
  • the system can incorporate more than two subsystems, with some subsystems providing cooling power while the remaining subsystems undergo heat treatment.
  • the cooling system can have two stages, with each stage containing layered AMR beds.
  • the cold stage can have Curie temperatures ranging from T c to T m
  • the hot stage can have Curie temperatures ranging from T m to T h , where T h > T m > T c .
  • T c may have a value of 10 °C
  • T m may have a value of 25 °C
  • T h may have a value of 40 °C.
  • different temperature values may be used.
  • the cold stage can operate in cooling mode, generating a cold outlet fluid stream with temperature near T c .
  • This cold fluid instead of flowing through the cold side heat exchanger, can be directed through the hot stage to bring the hot stage temperature near T c . Because T c is well below all Curie temperatures in the hot stage, exposure to this temperature would reverse any age-splitting in the hot stage.
  • the hot stage can operate in cooling mode and can therefore generate a hot outlet fluid stream with a temperature near T h .
  • This hot fluid instead of flowing through the hot side heat exchanger, can be directed through the cold stage, bringing its temperature to approximately T h . Because this temperature is well above all Curie temperatures in the cold stage, exposure to this temperature would reverse any age-splitting of the cold stage material.
  • the system can include two
  • each subsystem having two stages, a hot stage and a cold stage as in the above-described embodiment.
  • both subsystems can be run in parallel, with each providing cooling, as shown in Fig. 12.
  • the stages connected to the pump and hot HEX have LaFeSiH as the magnetocaloric material with Curie points ranging from Th to Tm.
  • the stages connected to the cold HEX have LaFeSiH MCM with Curie points ranging from Tm to Tc.
  • the MCM with Curie point at Tm is at the end of the bed that is connected to another bed.
  • one subsystem could be run in cooling mode, while the other subsystem could be run in recovery mode to restore the performance of its magnetocaloric material as shown in Fig. 13.
  • the lower subsystem is providing cooling power, while the upper subsystem is in recovery mode. At least a portion of the cold outlet fluid stream emerging from the demagnetized beds of the lower subsystem is diverted into the hot stage beds of the upper subsystem.
  • part of the hot outlet fluid stream of the magnetized beds of the lower subsystem is diverted to the cold stage beds of the upper subsystem.
  • This embodiment can also be modified to incorporate more than two subsystems, with some subsystems providing cooling power while the remaining subsystems undergo heat treatment.
  • Each subsystem in this generalized case could have two stages as described above.
  • the possibly multiple beds of a magnetic refrigeration system can be designed to be easily removable and replaceable from the system. Beds that have been degraded from age-splitting can then be removed and replaced with pristine beds.
  • the degraded beds can be returned to pristine condition through exposure to temperatures sufficiently far from the Curie temperatures of all the layers they contain.
  • This device could be a simple flow loop with a heater, capable of circulating fluid at an elevated temperature through the degraded beds, or an oven for holding the beds at an elevated temperature. Once restored to pristine condition, these beds can then be re-installed in the magnetic refrigeration system.
  • Any of the operations described herein can be performed by a computing system that includes a processor, a memory, a transmitter, a receiver, a display, a user interface, and/or any other computer components known to those of skill in the art. Any type of computing system known to those of skill in the art may be used. In one embodiment, any of the operations described herein can be coded into instructions that are stored on a computer-readable medium. A computing system can be utilized to execute the instructions such that the operations are performed.
  • the beds of a magnetic refrigerator were packed with five layers of La(Feo.885Sio. n5)H y material, with each layer having a different value of y and therefore a different Curie point.
  • the Curie points of the layers were initially 8° C, 1 1 ° C, 15° C, 18° C and 21 ° C.
  • the machine was tested under a standard set of operating conditions, where the cycle frequency was 3.33 Hz, the flow rate was 6 lit/min, the hot inlet temperature was 25° C, and the cooling load, provided by an electrical heater, was 400 watts.
  • the LaFeSiH in the beds was suffused with 35° C aqueous fluid for 80 hours to bring the material to its initial state.
  • the temperature span of the machine with pristine material under the standard operating conditions was found to be 13.4° C.
  • the machine was then left in a non-operating state at an ambient temperature of 22° C for ten days. In this state, the materials with Curie temperatures of 18° C and 21 ° C would be expected to undergo age-splitting degradation, and indeed, the
  • operably connected or “operably coupled” to each other to achieve the desired functionality
  • any two components capable of being so associated can also be viewed as being “operably couplable”, to each other to achieve the desired functionality.
  • operably couplable include but are not limited to physically mateable and/or physically interacting components and/or wirelessly interactable and/or wirelessly interacting components and/or logically interacting and/or logically interactable components.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Hard Magnetic Materials (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Magnetic Means (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé qui comprend l'identification d'une dégradation au moins partielle d'un matériau magnétocalorique dans un système de refroidissement magnétique, le matériau magnétocalorique ayant une température de Curie. Le procédé comprend également la régénération du matériau magnétocalorique par le maintien du matériau magnétocalorique à une température de régénération, la température de régénération étant différente de la température de Curie du matériau magnétocalorique.
EP12814189.2A 2011-07-19 2012-07-18 Système et procédé de dégradation inverse d'un matériau magnétocalorique Withdrawn EP2734796A4 (fr)

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US201161509381P 2011-07-19 2011-07-19
PCT/US2012/047168 WO2013012908A1 (fr) 2011-07-19 2012-07-18 Système et procédé de dégradation inverse d'un matériau magnétocalorique

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KR (1) KR20140089508A (fr)
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WO2013012908A1 (fr) 2013-01-24
JP2014521050A (ja) 2014-08-25
RU2014105818A (ru) 2015-08-27
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US20130019610A1 (en) 2013-01-24
EP2734796A4 (fr) 2015-09-09

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