EP2727457B1 - Cutting machine - Google Patents

Cutting machine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2727457B1
EP2727457B1 EP13187544.5A EP13187544A EP2727457B1 EP 2727457 B1 EP2727457 B1 EP 2727457B1 EP 13187544 A EP13187544 A EP 13187544A EP 2727457 B1 EP2727457 B1 EP 2727457B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
knife
cutting
cutting element
rotation
machine according
Prior art date
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Application number
EP13187544.5A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2727457A1 (en
Inventor
Pascal Gautron
Maxime Robreteau
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Kuhn Audureau SAS
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Kuhn Audureau SAS
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Priority to PL13187544T priority Critical patent/PL2727457T3/en
Publication of EP2727457A1 publication Critical patent/EP2727457A1/en
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Publication of EP2727457B1 publication Critical patent/EP2727457B1/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
    • A01D34/00—Mowers; Mowing apparatus of harvesters
    • A01D34/01—Mowers; Mowing apparatus of harvesters characterised by features relating to the type of cutting apparatus
    • A01D34/412—Mowers; Mowing apparatus of harvesters characterised by features relating to the type of cutting apparatus having rotating cutters
    • A01D34/63—Mowers; Mowing apparatus of harvesters characterised by features relating to the type of cutting apparatus having rotating cutters having cutters rotating about a vertical axis
    • A01D34/64—Mowers; Mowing apparatus of harvesters characterised by features relating to the type of cutting apparatus having rotating cutters having cutters rotating about a vertical axis mounted on a vehicle, e.g. a tractor, or drawn by an animal or a vehicle
    • A01D34/66—Mowers; Mowing apparatus of harvesters characterised by features relating to the type of cutting apparatus having rotating cutters having cutters rotating about a vertical axis mounted on a vehicle, e.g. a tractor, or drawn by an animal or a vehicle with two or more cutters
    • A01D34/664—Disc cutter bars
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G3/00—Cutting implements specially adapted for horticultural purposes; Delimbing standing trees
    • A01G3/04—Apparatus for trimming hedges, e.g. hedge shears
    • A01G3/0426—Machines for pruning vegetation on embankments and road-sides
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F5/00—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes
    • E02F5/28—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes for cleaning watercourses or other ways
    • E02F5/282—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes for cleaning watercourses or other ways with rotating cutting or digging tools

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a cutting machine, in particular a hedge trimmer, comprising a housing having a front edge and carrying cutting members rotated by means of a transmission and describing, during their rotation, cutting paths. respective ones extending, at least partially, in front of the front edge, at least a first cutting member and a second cutting member adjacent to the first cutting member each having a plate each carrying at least one knife, and at least one knife being a pivoting knife mounted pivotably about an axis integral with the corresponding plate and allowing said pivoting knife to retract by pivoting about said axis.
  • a hedge trimmer of this type is known from the document FR 2 932 949 A1 .
  • two adjacent cutting members are designed so that the cutting paths of their respective knives overlap partially to obtain a regular cut of the hedges. Due to the use of a gear train for the animation of the cutting members, it is possible to make the latter work in the same plane without their respective knives colliding.
  • the cutting members have between them a constant angular orientation avoiding at any time that a knife of a cutting member does not overlap a knife of an adjacent cutting member. This implies that during the advancement of the housing in the vegetation to be cut, a branch pushed against the front edge of the housing is severed by a single knife, or severed by the knives of cutting members adjacent to different times . This results in significant cutting forces, especially when the branches have a large diameter, and a cut lacking sharpness.
  • Another cutting machine is known from the document GB 2,083,736 A .
  • This machine is a mower designed to cut grass. It comprises a housing housing two cutting members each having a tray carrying knives. The respective cutting paths of these cutting members are superimposed so as to cut a continuous width of grass.
  • a knife of a cutting member overlaps a knife of the adjacent cutting member. This overlap takes place on a line passing through the axes of rotation respective cutting members, which axes of rotation are placed behind a front edge of the housing. In fact, the overlapping of the knives takes place behind this front edge.
  • This arrangement may be suitable on a machine for cutting grass because the blades of grass can bend to pass under the housing and reach the cutting members.
  • the present invention aims a cutting machine that does not have the aforementioned drawbacks.
  • an important feature of the invention lies in the fact that during the rotation of the cutting members, a knife of the first cutting member overlaps another knife of the second cutting member adjacent to the first cutting member, in front of the front edge of the housing.
  • the branches pushed against the front edge of the housing are severed simultaneously by the knife carried by the first cutting member and the other knife of the second cutting member.
  • This is particularly advantageous for the size of large diameter branches whose cutting is facilitated by the shearing action generated by each knife on both sides of the branch.
  • the cutting force experienced by each of these knives is reduced.
  • the overlap of these knives gives a knife-to-knife effect that increases the sharpness of the waist.
  • at least one of these overlapping knives being pivotally mounted on the corresponding plate, this pivoting knife can retract if it encounter an obstacle or branch too hard to cut. Damage to this knife is reduced.
  • the first cutting member and the second cutting member adjacent to the first cutting member each comprise a plate each carrying at least one pivoting knife, and during the rotation of the cutting members, the at least one pivoting knife of the first cutting member overlaps the at least one pivoting knife of the second cutting member, in front of the front edge of the housing.
  • these two knives at the time of overlapping in front of the housing, encounter an obstacle or a too hard to cut branch, each can retract by pivoting about its respective axis of articulation to the corresponding plate. Damage to these two knives is reduced. However, it could happen that one of these knives, due to a particular orientation or configuration of the obstacle, does not retract completely and in this case undergoes a permanent deformation.
  • the machine (1) is a cutting machine. These include a hedge trimmer designed to cut foliage and branches.
  • the machine (1) is intended to be placed at the end of an articulated arm (2) supported by a platform (3) placed at the rear of a tractor (4) that can move in a direction of advancement (AT).
  • AT direction of advancement
  • the articulated arm (2) carries a cutting tool (5).
  • This cutting tool (5) comprises a housing (6) having a front edge (15).
  • This housing (6) carries cutting members (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d) each rotatable about an axis of rotation (8).
  • the axes of rotation (8) are substantially parallel to each other.
  • the cutting members (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d) describe respective cutting paths (14) which extend, at least partially, in front of the front edge (15) of the housing (6).
  • the cutting tool (5) can operate essentially in a vertical position but can also work horizontally or in an inclined position by means of the articulated arm (2) which makes it possible to move the cutting tool (5) and to make it act in three dimensions.
  • the cutting members (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d) are preferably aligned along a length of the housing (6).
  • the cutting members (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d) are advantageously arranged under the housing (6).
  • the cutting members (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d) are rotated by means of a transmission (10).
  • the transmission (10) comprises meshing means ensuring a synchronization in rotation of the cutting members (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d).
  • These meshing means can follow different embodiments.
  • transmission (10) comprises toothed wheels (11) housed in the housing (6), which toothed wheels (11) carry the cutting members (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d).
  • the toothed wheels (11) are schematized by their original meshing circles.
  • the transmission (10) has gears (12), also represented by their primitive circles on the figure 2 , which gears (12) connect the gears (11) to each other so as to form a gear train which extends along the length of the housing (6).
  • the transmission (10) comprises a toothed shaft which connects the toothed wheels (11) between them. Such a toothed shaft extends for example along the length of the housing (6) and transmits its rotational movement to the toothed wheels (11) by angle returns.
  • the transmission (10) comprises one or more toothed belts transmitting a rotation of one or more toothed driving pulleys to driven toothed pulleys each of which is integral with a cutting member (7a, 7b).
  • the transmission (10) is set in motion for example by means of a drive motor, such as a hydraulic motor, preferably located on the side of the casing (6) opposite to that where the cutting members (7a) are distributed. , 7b, 7c, 7d).
  • each plate (13) is of elliptical shape.
  • Each plate (13) carries at least one knife (9).
  • At least one knife (9) is a pivoting knife mounted pivotably about an axis (16) integral with the corresponding plate (13) and allowing said pivoting knife to retract by pivoting about said axis (16), particularly when the knife (9) meets a stone or a pole.
  • the axis (16) is substantially parallel to the axis of rotation (8) of the corresponding cutting member (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d).
  • the axis (16) carried by the plate (13) is distinct from the axis of rotation (8) of this plate (13).
  • the invention provides that during the rotation of the cutting members (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d), a knife (9) of the first cutting member (7a and 7c respectively) overlaps with another knife (9) of the second member cutting section (7b or 7d) adjacent to the first cutting member (7a or 7c), in front of the front edge (15) of the housing (6).
  • This characteristic makes it possible in particular to design the cutting members (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d) so that the cutting paths (14) of the knives (9) have large cutting diameters, since these cutting diameters are not limited by the risk of interference between knives that exists when these knives do not overlap. Large cutting diameters result in a high linear speed of the knives (9), which benefits the sharpness of the cut and the workflow.
  • the first cutting member (7a respectively 7c) and the second cutting member (7b respectively 7d) adjacent to the first cutting member (7a respectively 7c) each comprise a plate (13) each carrying at least one pivoting knife, and during the rotation of the cutting members (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d), the at least one pivoting knife of the first cutting member (7a respectively 7c) overlaps the at least one pivoting knife of the second cutting member (7b or 7d), in front of the front edge (15) of the housing (6).
  • each cutting member (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d) comprises a plate (13) each carrying at least one knife (9), said at least one knife (9) of each member cutting (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d) is a pivoting knife mounted pivotably about an axis integral with the corresponding plate (13) and allowing said at least one knife (9) to retract by pivoting about said axis, and during the rotation of the section (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d), said at least one pivoting knife of a cutting member (7a or 7c respectively) overlaps said at least one pivoting knife of another cutting member (7b or 7d) adjacent to said member section (7a or 7c), in front of the front edge (15) of the housing (6).
  • the cutting tool (5) carries four cutting members (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d).
  • Each cutting member (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d) carries at least one knife (9), in particular two knives (9), these two knives (9) being in particular diametrically opposite with respect to the axis of rotation (8) said cutting member (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d).
  • each knife (9) is a pivoting knife mounted pivotably about the axis (16) of the corresponding plate (13) and allowing said pivoting knife to retract by pivoting about said axis ( 16).
  • At least two cutting members (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d) each comprise a plate (13) each carrying at least one knife (9), and the plates (13) of these at least two cutting members (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d) are rotated in the same plane (P).
  • This characteristic makes it possible to standardize and simplify the construction of the cutting tool (5) by the use of identical drive means and plates (13) for these at least two cutting members (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d).
  • the at least one first cutting member (7a and 7c respectively) and the at least one second cutting member (7b or 7d) adjacent to this first cutting member (7a and 7c respectively), each having a plate (13) carrying each at least one knife (9), at least one of these knives (9) being a knife pivoting about an axis (16) integral with the corresponding plate (13), and a knife (9) of the first cutting member ( 7a respectively 7c) overlapping another knife (9) of the second cutting member (7b or 7d) in front of the front edge (15) of the housing (6) can be designed so that these first and second cutting members (7a respectively 7c, 7b respectively 7d) are rotated in a same plane (P).
  • each carrying at least one knife pivoting about an axis (16) secured to the respective plate (13), and the at least one pivoting knife of the first cutting member (7a or 7c respectively) overlapping the at least one pivoting knife of the second member section (7b or 7d) in front of the front edge (15) of the housing (6) can be designed so that these first and second cutting members (7a respectively 7c, 7b respectively 7d) are rotated in a same plane (P).
  • each cutting member (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d) comprises a plate (13) each carrying at least one knife (9), and that the plates (13) are all rotated in the same plane (P).
  • the construction of the cutting tool (5) is in fact standardized and simplified by the use of drive means and trays (13) identical for all cutting members (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d).
  • the synchronization in rotation of the cutting members (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d) obtained by the meshing means that comprises the transmission (10), ensures the maintenance over time of the overlapping knives (9) overlapping.
  • This synchronization also prevents interference between neighboring cutting elements (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d), insofar as the cutting members (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d), in particular their knives (9), are in good condition. and not deformed.
  • At least one cutting member (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d) has a lower knife (9i) and an upper knife (9s), and the upper knife (9s) is closer than the lower knife (9i) of the plane (P) of rotation of said cutting member (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d).
  • This characteristic can be obtained by adding a spacer between the lower knife (9i) and the plate (13), or by using a thicker spacer at the lower knife (9i) than at the level the upper knife (9s).
  • the plate (13) may comprise a boss or bulge at level of the lower knife (9i) so as to move it away from the plate (13) more than the upper knife (9s).
  • the first cutting member (7a or 7c respectively) comprises a lower knife (9i) and an upper knife (9s), and that the upper knife (9s) of the first cutting member (7a or 7c respectively) overlaps during the rotation of the latter, the other knife (9) of the second cutting member (7b or 7d) adjacent to the first cutting member (7a respectively 7c), in front of the front edge (15) of the housing (6 ).
  • This provision is apparent from figure 3 .
  • first cutting member (7a respectively 7c) comprises a lower knife (9i) and an upper knife (9s), and that the lower knife (9i) of the first cutting member (7a respectively 7c) overlaps, during the rotation of the latter, the other knife (9) of the second cutting member (7b or 7d) adjacent to the first cutter member (7a respectively 7c), in front of the front edge (15) of the housing (6) .
  • each of these cutting members (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d) defines, during its rotation about the corresponding axis of rotation (8), a plant size plane which passes through the lower knife ( 9i).
  • the size planes of the adjacent cutting members (7a and 7b), (7b and 7c), (7c and 7d) may be little distant from one another, or even coincide. It is therefore possible to guarantee both a safe operation, without risk of collision of the knives (9s, 9i), and a regular face size.
  • the synchronization of said adjacent cutting members (7a and 7b), (7c and 7d) may in particular be chosen so that the upper knife (9s) of a cutting member cutting of said pair of adjacent cutting members (7a and 7b), (7c and 7d) overlaps the lower knife (9i) of the other cutter of said pair (7a and 7b), (7c and 7d), in front of the front edge (15) of the housing (6).
  • Such an arrangement allows, in addition to the aforementioned advantages, a clean and precise cut of plants in front of the housing (6), as well as reduced cutting forces, by a knife effect - against-knife.
  • each cutting member (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d) comprises a lower knife (9i) and an upper knife (9s), and the upper knife (9s) is closer than the lower knife (9i) of the plane (P ) of rotation of the cutting member (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d) to which said upper knife (9s) and said lower knife (9i) are connected.
  • each of the cutting members (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d) is thus designed.
  • the upper knife (9s) of a cutting member of each pair of adjacent cutting members (7a and 7b), (7b and 7c), (7c and 7d) overlaps the lower knife. (9i) of the other cutting member of said pair (7a and 7b), (7b and 7c), (7c and 7d). This allows particularly sharp cutting over the entire working width of the machine (1), and reduced cutting forces for all cutting members (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d).
  • the knives (9s, 9i) of a cutting member (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d) are diametrically opposed to the axis of rotation (8), and that the axes of rotation (8) of the successive cutting members (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d) are separated by a substantially constant distance, the upper knife (9s ) of the cutting member (7b) overlaps the lower knife (9i) of the cutting member (7c) in the rear portion of the housing (6).
  • overlapping overlapping knives (9s, 9i) take place simultaneously, that is to say that the overlap of the knives (9s, 9i) of the cutting elements (7a) and (7b), that of the knives ( 9s, 9i) of the members (7b) and (7c), finally that of the knives (9s, 9i) of the cutting members (7c) and (7d), take place at the same time, as is apparent from the figure 2 .
  • the transmission (10) may comprise meshing means, in particular gears (12), in number and variable dimensions, without departing from the scope of the invention. It is preferable, however, that the cutting members (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d) rotate in the same direction and therefore that the number of gears (12) between the gears (11) is odd.
  • the cutting members (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d) can rotate in both possible directions and it can therefore be provided to reverse the direction of rotation of the drive motor without departing from the scope of the invention. .

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Description

La présente invention concerne une machine de coupe, notamment une tailleuse de haies, comportant un carter présentant un bord frontal et portant des organes de coupe animés en rotation au moyen d'une transmission et décrivant, au cours de leur rotation, des trajectoires de coupe respectives s'étendant, au moins partiellement, en avant du bord frontal, au moins un premier organe de coupe et un deuxième organe de coupe adjacent au premier organe de coupe comportant chacun un plateau portant chacun au moins un couteau, et au moins un couteau étant un couteau pivotant monté à pivotement autour d'un axe solidaire du plateau correspondant et permettant audit couteau pivotant de s'escamoter par pivotement autour dudit axe.The present invention relates to a cutting machine, in particular a hedge trimmer, comprising a housing having a front edge and carrying cutting members rotated by means of a transmission and describing, during their rotation, cutting paths. respective ones extending, at least partially, in front of the front edge, at least a first cutting member and a second cutting member adjacent to the first cutting member each having a plate each carrying at least one knife, and at least one knife being a pivoting knife mounted pivotably about an axis integral with the corresponding plate and allowing said pivoting knife to retract by pivoting about said axis.

Une tailleuse de haies de ce type est connue du document FR 2 932 949 A1 . Sur cette machine, deux organes de coupe adjacents sont conçus de sorte que les trajectoires de coupe de leurs couteaux respectifs se recouvrent partiellement afin d'obtenir une coupe régulière des haies. En raison de l'emploi d'un train d'engrenages pour l'animation des organes de coupe, il est possible de faire travailler ces derniers dans un même plan sans que leurs couteaux respectifs ne s'entrechoquent. Ainsi, les organes de coupe présentent entre eux une orientation angulaire constante évitant à tout moment qu'un couteau d'un organe de coupe ne chevauche un couteau d'un organe de coupe adjacent. Ceci implique qu'au cours de l'avancement du carter dans la végétation à tailler, une branche poussée contre le bord frontal du carter est sectionnée par un seul couteau, ou bien sectionnée par les couteaux d'organes de coupe adjacents à des instants différents. Il en résulte des efforts de coupe importants, notamment lorsque les branches ont un fort diamètre, et une coupe manquant de netteté.A hedge trimmer of this type is known from the document FR 2 932 949 A1 . On this machine, two adjacent cutting members are designed so that the cutting paths of their respective knives overlap partially to obtain a regular cut of the hedges. Due to the use of a gear train for the animation of the cutting members, it is possible to make the latter work in the same plane without their respective knives colliding. Thus, the cutting members have between them a constant angular orientation avoiding at any time that a knife of a cutting member does not overlap a knife of an adjacent cutting member. This implies that during the advancement of the housing in the vegetation to be cut, a branch pushed against the front edge of the housing is severed by a single knife, or severed by the knives of cutting members adjacent to different times . This results in significant cutting forces, especially when the branches have a large diameter, and a cut lacking sharpness.

Une autre machine de coupe est connue du document GB 2 083 736 A . Cette machine est du type faucheuse conçue pour couper de l'herbe. Elle comporte un carter abritant deux organes de coupe comportant chacun un plateau portant des couteaux. Les trajectoires de coupe respectives de ces organes de coupe se superposent de manière à couper une largeur continue d'herbe. De plus, un couteau d'un organe de coupe chevauche un couteau de l'organe de coupe adjacent. Ce chevauchement a lieu sur une ligne passant par les axes de rotation respectifs des organes de coupe, lesquels axes de rotation sont placés en arrière d'un bord frontal du carter. De fait, le chevauchement des couteaux a lieu en arrière de ce bord frontal. Cet agencement peut convenir sur une machine pour couper de l'herbe car les brins d'herbe peuvent se courber pour passer sous le carter et atteindre les organes de coupe. Cette conception se révèle a contrario problématique sur une machine de coupe du type tailleuse de haies conçue pour couper des branches dont la rigidité les pousse et les maintient contre le bord frontal du carter avançant dans la végétation. Ces branches ne peuvent alors pas atteindre convenablement les organes de coupe, en particulier les couteaux chevauchants, d'où un front de coupe discontinu, voire une coupe impossible. En sus, il n'est pas prévu sur cette machine connue, que les couteaux chevauchants aient une liberté de mouvement par rapport à leurs plateaux respectifs. Ces couteaux peuvent donc facilement être endommagés en cas de rencontre avec un obstacle. S'ils viennent à être endommagés, les couteaux chevauchants peuvent s'entrechoquer et, ne pouvant s'escamoter, provoquer de graves dommages aux organes de coupe et à leurs moyens d'entraînement.Another cutting machine is known from the document GB 2,083,736 A . This machine is a mower designed to cut grass. It comprises a housing housing two cutting members each having a tray carrying knives. The respective cutting paths of these cutting members are superimposed so as to cut a continuous width of grass. In addition, a knife of a cutting member overlaps a knife of the adjacent cutting member. This overlap takes place on a line passing through the axes of rotation respective cutting members, which axes of rotation are placed behind a front edge of the housing. In fact, the overlapping of the knives takes place behind this front edge. This arrangement may be suitable on a machine for cutting grass because the blades of grass can bend to pass under the housing and reach the cutting members. This design proves a contrario problematic on a hedge trimmer type cutting machine designed to cut branches whose rigidity pushes them and holds against the front edge of the housing advancing in the vegetation. These branches can not then properly reach the cutting members, in particular the overlapping knives, resulting in a discontinuous cutting edge, or even an impossible cut. In addition, it is not expected on this known machine that the overlapping knives have freedom of movement relative to their respective trays. These knives can easily be damaged in case of encounter with an obstacle. If they come to be damaged, the overlapping knives can clash and, being unable to retract, cause serious damage to the cutting members and their means of training.

La présente invention a pour but une machine de coupe qui ne présente pas les inconvénients précités.The present invention aims a cutting machine that does not have the aforementioned drawbacks.

A cet effet, une importante caractéristique de l'invention réside dans le fait qu'au cours de la rotation des organes de coupe, un couteau du premier organe de coupe chevauche un autre couteau du deuxième organe de coupe adjacent au premier organe de coupe, en avant du bord frontal du carter. De cette manière, les branches poussées contre le bord frontal du carter, sont sectionnées simultanément par le couteau porté par le premier organe de coupe et par l'autre couteau du deuxième organe de coupe. Ceci est particulièrement avantageux pour la taille de branches de fort diamètre dont la coupe est facilitée par l'action de cisaillement engendrée par chaque couteau de part et d'autre de la branche. L'effort de coupe subi par chacun de ces couteaux est réduit. De plus, le chevauchement de ces couteaux donne un effet de couteau - contre-couteau qui augmente la netteté de la taille. Par ailleurs, l'un au moins de ces couteaux chevauchants étant monté à pivotement sur le plateau correspondant, ce couteau pivotant peut s'escamoter s'il rencontre un obstacle ou une branche trop dure à couper. Les dommages subis par ce couteau sont ainsi réduits.For this purpose, an important feature of the invention lies in the fact that during the rotation of the cutting members, a knife of the first cutting member overlaps another knife of the second cutting member adjacent to the first cutting member, in front of the front edge of the housing. In this way, the branches pushed against the front edge of the housing, are severed simultaneously by the knife carried by the first cutting member and the other knife of the second cutting member. This is particularly advantageous for the size of large diameter branches whose cutting is facilitated by the shearing action generated by each knife on both sides of the branch. The cutting force experienced by each of these knives is reduced. In addition, the overlap of these knives gives a knife-to-knife effect that increases the sharpness of the waist. Furthermore, at least one of these overlapping knives being pivotally mounted on the corresponding plate, this pivoting knife can retract if it encounter an obstacle or branch too hard to cut. Damage to this knife is reduced.

Selon une caractéristique avantageuse de l'invention, le premier organe de coupe et le deuxième organe de coupe adjacent au premier organe de coupe comportent chacun un plateau portant chacun au moins un couteau pivotant, et au cours de la rotation des organes de coupe, le au moins un couteau pivotant du premier organe de coupe chevauche le au moins un couteau pivotant du deuxième organe de coupe, en avant du bord frontal du carter. De cette manière, si ces deux couteaux, au moment de se chevaucher en avant du carter, rencontrent un obstacle ou une branche trop dure à couper, chacun peut s'escamoter par pivotement autour de son axe respectif d'articulation au plateau correspondant. Les dommages subis par ces deux couteaux sont ainsi réduits. Il pourrait toutefois se produire que l'un de ces couteaux, en raison d'une orientation ou d'une configuration particulière de l'obstacle, ne s'escamote pas complètement et subisse dans ce cas une déformation permanente. Ceci peut par exemple arriver si l'obstacle exerce sur le couteau un effort comportant une composante perpendiculaire au plan de rotation de l'organe de coupe correspondant. Cette composante tend alors à faire fléchir le couteau. Dès lors, ce couteau détérioré pourrait s'entrechoquer avec le couteau chevauchant de l'organe de coupe adjacent. L'énergie du choc provoquerait alors un pivotement de ce couteau chevauchant, éventuellement complété par un pivotement du couteau détérioré dans la mesure où celui-ci comporte encore cette possibilité en dépit des dommages subis. L'énergie du choc ne serait que faiblement répercutée sur le carter et la transmission qu'il abrite, ces derniers étant ainsi préservés de dommages considérables requérant une remise en état fort onéreuse.According to an advantageous characteristic of the invention, the first cutting member and the second cutting member adjacent to the first cutting member each comprise a plate each carrying at least one pivoting knife, and during the rotation of the cutting members, the at least one pivoting knife of the first cutting member overlaps the at least one pivoting knife of the second cutting member, in front of the front edge of the housing. In this way, if these two knives, at the time of overlapping in front of the housing, encounter an obstacle or a too hard to cut branch, each can retract by pivoting about its respective axis of articulation to the corresponding plate. Damage to these two knives is reduced. However, it could happen that one of these knives, due to a particular orientation or configuration of the obstacle, does not retract completely and in this case undergoes a permanent deformation. This can happen for example if the obstacle exerts on the knife a force comprising a component perpendicular to the plane of rotation of the corresponding cutting member. This component then tends to bend the knife. As a result, the damaged knife could clash with the overlapping knife of the adjacent cutter. The energy of the shock would then cause a pivoting of the overlapping knife, possibly completed by a pivoting of the damaged knife to the extent that it still includes this possibility despite the damage suffered. The energy of the shock would be only slightly reflected on the housing and the transmission that it shelters, these being thus preserved of considerable damage requiring a very expensive reinstatement.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention ressortiront de la description ci-après avec référence aux dessins annexés qui représentent un exemple non limitatif de réalisation de la machine selon l'invention.Other features and advantages of the invention will emerge from the following description with reference to the accompanying drawings which show a non-limiting embodiment of the machine according to the invention.

Sur ces dessins :

  • la figure 1 représente une vue en perspective d'une machine selon l'invention attelée à un tracteur ;
  • la figure 2 représente une vue de dessus d'un outil de coupe de la machine de la figure 1 ;
  • la figure 3 représente une vue de face d'un outil de coupe de la machine de la figure 1.
On these drawings:
  • the figure 1 represents a perspective view of a machine according to the invention coupled to a tractor;
  • the figure 2 represents a top view of a machine cutting tool from the figure 1 ;
  • the figure 3 represents a front view of a machine cutting tool from the figure 1 .

Telle qu'elle est représentée sur la figure 1, la machine (1) selon l'invention est une machine de coupe. Il s'agit notamment une tailleuse de haies conçue pour couper des feuillages et des branchages. La machine (1) est destinée à être placée à l'extrémité d'un bras articulé (2) supporté par une plateforme (3) placée à l'arrière d'un tracteur (4) pouvant se déplacer dans une direction d'avancement (A). Dans la description qui suit, le terme « avant » est à rapporter à cette direction d'avancement (A). Le bras articulé (2) porte un outil de coupe (5). Cet outil de coupe (5) comporte un carter (6) présentant un bord frontal (15). Ce carter (6) porte des organes de coupe (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d) pouvant tourner chacun autour d'un axe de rotation (8). Les axes de rotation (8) sont sensiblement parallèles entre eux. Au cours de leur rotation autour de leurs axes de rotation (8) respectifs, les organes de coupe (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d) décrivent des trajectoires de coupe (14) respectives qui s'étendent, au moins partiellement, en avant du bord frontal (15) du carter (6). Ainsi, lorsque l'outil de coupe avance dans la végétation à tailler, des végétaux tels que des branches poussés contre le bord frontal (15), sont sectionnés sur la portion des trajectoires de coupe (14) dépassant ledit bord frontal (15). L'outil de coupe (5) peut fonctionner essentiellement en position verticale mais peut également travailler de manière horizontale ou en position inclinée par l'intermédiaire du bras articulé (2) qui permet de déplacer l'outil de coupe (5) et le faire agir dans les trois dimensions. Les organes de coupe (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d) sont de préférence alignés suivant une longueur du carter (6). Lorsque le bras articulé (2) se trouve dans une configuration telle que le carter (6) est sensiblement horizontal, les organes de coupe (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d) sont avantageusement disposés sous le carter (6). Les organes de coupe (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d) sont animés en rotation au moyen d'une transmission (10). La transmission (10) comporte des moyens d'engrènement assurant une synchronisation en rotation des organes de coupe (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d). Ces moyens d'engrènement peuvent suivre différentes variantes de réalisation. Suivant une variante de réalisation illustrée par la figure 2, la transmission (10) comporte des roues dentées (11) logées dans le carter (6), lesquelles roues dentées (11) portent les organes de coupe (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d). Les roues dentées (11) sont schématisées par leurs cercles primitifs d'engrènement. La transmission (10) comporte des engrenages (12), eux aussi représentés par leurs cercles primitifs sur la figure 2, lesquels engrenages (12) relient les roues dentées (11) entre elles de manière à former un train d'engrenages qui s'étend suivant la longueur du carter (6). Suivant une variante de réalisation non représentée, la transmission (10) comporte un arbre denté qui relie les roues dentées (11) entre elles. Un tel arbre denté s'étend par exemple suivant la longueur du carter (6) et transmet son mouvement de rotation aux roues dentées (11) par des renvois d'angle. Suivant une autre variante de réalisation non représentée, la transmission (10) comporte une ou plusieurs courroies crantées transmettant une rotation d'une ou plusieurs poulies crantées motrices à des poulies crantées menées dont chacune est solidaire d'un organe de coupe (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d) respectif. Suivant une autre variante de réalisation non représentée, cette ou ces courroies crantées sont remplacées par une ou plusieurs chaînes coopérant avec des pignons remplaçant la ou les poulies motrices et les poulies menées. La transmission (10) est mise en mouvement par exemple au moyen d'un moteur d'entraînement, tel qu'un moteur hydraulique, situé de préférence du côté du carter (6) opposé à celui où se répartissent les organes de coupe (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d).As she is represented on the figure 1 , the machine (1) according to the invention is a cutting machine. These include a hedge trimmer designed to cut foliage and branches. The machine (1) is intended to be placed at the end of an articulated arm (2) supported by a platform (3) placed at the rear of a tractor (4) that can move in a direction of advancement (AT). In the description that follows, the term "before" is to be reported to this direction of advancement (A). The articulated arm (2) carries a cutting tool (5). This cutting tool (5) comprises a housing (6) having a front edge (15). This housing (6) carries cutting members (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d) each rotatable about an axis of rotation (8). The axes of rotation (8) are substantially parallel to each other. During their rotation around their respective axes of rotation (8), the cutting members (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d) describe respective cutting paths (14) which extend, at least partially, in front of the front edge (15) of the housing (6). Thus, when the cutting tool advances in the vegetation to be cut, plants such as branches pushed against the front edge (15), are cut on the portion of the cutting paths (14) protruding from said front edge (15). The cutting tool (5) can operate essentially in a vertical position but can also work horizontally or in an inclined position by means of the articulated arm (2) which makes it possible to move the cutting tool (5) and to make it act in three dimensions. The cutting members (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d) are preferably aligned along a length of the housing (6). When the articulated arm (2) is in a configuration such that the housing (6) is substantially horizontal, the cutting members (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d) are advantageously arranged under the housing (6). The cutting members (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d) are rotated by means of a transmission (10). The transmission (10) comprises meshing means ensuring a synchronization in rotation of the cutting members (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d). These meshing means can follow different embodiments. According to an embodiment variant illustrated by the figure 2 transmission (10) comprises toothed wheels (11) housed in the housing (6), which toothed wheels (11) carry the cutting members (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d). The toothed wheels (11) are schematized by their original meshing circles. The transmission (10) has gears (12), also represented by their primitive circles on the figure 2 , which gears (12) connect the gears (11) to each other so as to form a gear train which extends along the length of the housing (6). According to an alternative embodiment not shown, the transmission (10) comprises a toothed shaft which connects the toothed wheels (11) between them. Such a toothed shaft extends for example along the length of the housing (6) and transmits its rotational movement to the toothed wheels (11) by angle returns. According to another embodiment not shown, the transmission (10) comprises one or more toothed belts transmitting a rotation of one or more toothed driving pulleys to driven toothed pulleys each of which is integral with a cutting member (7a, 7b). , 7c, 7d) respectively. According to another embodiment not shown, this or these toothed belts are replaced by one or more chains cooperating with gears replacing the drive pulleys and driven pulleys. The transmission (10) is set in motion for example by means of a drive motor, such as a hydraulic motor, preferably located on the side of the casing (6) opposite to that where the cutting members (7a) are distributed. , 7b, 7c, 7d).

Au moins un premier organe de coupe (7a respectivement 7c) et un deuxième organe de coupe (7b respectivement 7d) adjacent au premier organe de coupe (7a respectivement 7c), c'est-à-dire disposé immédiatement à côté du premier organe de coupe (7a respectivement 7c), comportent chacun un plateau (13). Dans l'exemple de réalisation des figures, chaque plateau (13) est de forme elliptique. Chaque plateau (13) porte au moins un couteau (9). Au moins un couteau (9) est un couteau pivotant monté à pivotement autour d'un axe (16) solidaire du plateau (13) correspondant et permettant audit couteau pivotant de s'escamoter par pivotement autour dudit axe (16), notamment lorsque le couteau (9) rencontre une pierre ou un poteau. L'axe (16) est sensiblement parallèle à l'axe de rotation (8) de l'organe de coupe (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d) correspondant. L'axe (16) porté par le plateau (13) est distinct de l'axe de rotation (8) de ce plateau (13).At least one first cutting member (7a and 7c respectively) and a second cutting member (7b or 7d) adjacent to the first cutting member (7a or 7c respectively), that is to say disposed immediately adjacent to the first cutting member; section (7a respectively 7c), each comprise a plate (13). In the embodiment of the figures, each plate (13) is of elliptical shape. Each plate (13) carries at least one knife (9). At least one knife (9) is a pivoting knife mounted pivotably about an axis (16) integral with the corresponding plate (13) and allowing said pivoting knife to retract by pivoting about said axis (16), particularly when the knife (9) meets a stone or a pole. The axis (16) is substantially parallel to the axis of rotation (8) of the corresponding cutting member (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d). The axis (16) carried by the plate (13) is distinct from the axis of rotation (8) of this plate (13).

L'invention prévoit qu'au cours de la rotation des organes de coupe (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d), un couteau (9) du premier organe de coupe (7a respectivement 7c) chevauche un autre couteau (9) du deuxième organe de coupe (7b respectivement 7d) adjacent au premier organe de coupe (7a respectivement 7c), en avant du bord frontal (15) du carter (6). Cette caractéristique permet notamment de concevoir les organes de coupe (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d) de telle sorte que les trajectoires de coupe (14) des couteaux (9) aient des diamètres de coupe importants, puisque ces diamètres de coupe ne sont pas limités par le risque d'interférence entre couteaux qui existe lorsque ces couteaux ne se chevauchent pas. Des diamètres de coupe importants engendrent une grande vitesse linéaire des couteaux (9), ce qui bénéficie à la netteté de la coupe et au débit de chantier. Des diamètres de coupe importants rendent également possible une zone de surcoupe (Zs) relativement large entre organes de coupe (7a et 7b), (7c et 7d) adjacents, d'où un effet de couteau - contre-couteau marqué lors de la coupe des végétaux situés entre lesdits organes de coupe (7a et 7b), (7c et 7d) adjacents. Cet effet participe à la netteté de la coupe. Cette zone de surcoupe (Zs) représentée en hachures sur la figure 2 est définie comme l'intersection entre les surfaces circulaires délimitées par les trajectoires de coupe (14) des organes de coupe (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d) adjacents. Enfin, de grands diamètres de coupe engendrent une cote (C) importante entre le bord frontal (15) du carter (6) et l'extrémité avant des trajectoires de coupe (14), facteur très favorable pour un débit de chantier élevé.The invention provides that during the rotation of the cutting members (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d), a knife (9) of the first cutting member (7a and 7c respectively) overlaps with another knife (9) of the second member cutting section (7b or 7d) adjacent to the first cutting member (7a or 7c), in front of the front edge (15) of the housing (6). This characteristic makes it possible in particular to design the cutting members (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d) so that the cutting paths (14) of the knives (9) have large cutting diameters, since these cutting diameters are not limited by the risk of interference between knives that exists when these knives do not overlap. Large cutting diameters result in a high linear speed of the knives (9), which benefits the sharpness of the cut and the workflow. Large cutting diameters also make possible a relatively large overcut area (Zs) between adjacent cutting members (7a and 7b), (7c and 7d), resulting in a marked knife-to-knife effect during cutting. plants located between said adjacent cutting members (7a and 7b), (7c and 7d). This effect contributes to the sharpness of the cut. This zone of overlapping (Zs) represented in hatching on the figure 2 is defined as the intersection between the circular surfaces delimited by the cutting paths (14) of adjacent cutting members (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d). Finally, large cutting diameters generate a significant dimension (C) between the front edge (15) of the housing (6) and the front end of the cutting paths (14), a very favorable factor for a high worksite output.

Selon une caractéristique avantageuse de l'invention, le premier organe de coupe (7a respectivement 7c) et le deuxième organe de coupe (7b respectivement 7d) adjacent au premier organe de coupe (7a respectivement 7c) comportent chacun un plateau (13) portant chacun au moins un couteau pivotant, et au cours de la rotation des organes de coupe (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d), le au moins un couteau pivotant du premier organe de coupe (7a respectivement 7c) chevauche le au moins un couteau pivotant du deuxième organe de coupe (7b respectivement 7d), en avant du bord frontal (15) du carter (6).According to an advantageous characteristic of the invention, the first cutting member (7a respectively 7c) and the second cutting member (7b respectively 7d) adjacent to the first cutting member (7a respectively 7c) each comprise a plate (13) each carrying at least one pivoting knife, and during the rotation of the cutting members (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d), the at least one pivoting knife of the first cutting member (7a respectively 7c) overlaps the at least one pivoting knife of the second cutting member (7b or 7d), in front of the front edge (15) of the housing (6).

Selon une autre caractéristique avantageuse de l'invention, chaque organe de coupe (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d) comporte un plateau (13) portant chacun au moins un couteau (9), ledit au moins un couteau (9) de chaque organe de coupe (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d) est un couteau pivotant monté à pivotement autour d'un axe solidaire du plateau (13) correspondant et permettant audit au moins un couteau (9) de s'escamoter par pivotement autour dudit axe, et au cours de la rotation des organes de coupe (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d), ledit au moins un couteau pivotant d'un organe de coupe (7a respectivement 7c) chevauche ledit au moins un couteau pivotant d'un autre organe de coupe (7b respectivement 7d) adjacent audit organe de coupe (7a respectivement 7c), en avant du bord frontal (15) du carter (6). Dans l'exemple de réalisation des figures, l'outil de coupe (5) porte quatre organes de coupe (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d). Chaque organe de coupe (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d) porte au moins un couteau (9), notamment deux couteaux (9), ces deux couteaux (9) étant notamment diamétralement opposés par rapport à l'axe de rotation (8) dudit organe de coupe (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d).According to another advantageous characteristic of the invention, each cutting member (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d) comprises a plate (13) each carrying at least one knife (9), said at least one knife (9) of each member cutting (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d) is a pivoting knife mounted pivotably about an axis integral with the corresponding plate (13) and allowing said at least one knife (9) to retract by pivoting about said axis, and during the rotation of the section (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d), said at least one pivoting knife of a cutting member (7a or 7c respectively) overlaps said at least one pivoting knife of another cutting member (7b or 7d) adjacent to said member section (7a or 7c), in front of the front edge (15) of the housing (6). In the embodiment of the figures, the cutting tool (5) carries four cutting members (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d). Each cutting member (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d) carries at least one knife (9), in particular two knives (9), these two knives (9) being in particular diametrically opposite with respect to the axis of rotation (8) said cutting member (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d).

Dans l'exemple de réalisation des figures, chaque couteau (9) est un couteau pivotant monté à pivotement autour de l'axe (16) du plateau (13) correspondant et permettant audit couteau pivotant de s'escamoter par pivotement autour dudit axe (16).In the embodiment of the figures, each knife (9) is a pivoting knife mounted pivotably about the axis (16) of the corresponding plate (13) and allowing said pivoting knife to retract by pivoting about said axis ( 16).

Selon une caractéristique avantageuse de l'invention qui ressort de la figure 3, au moins deux organes de coupe (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d) comportent chacun un plateau (13) portant chacun au moins un couteau (9), et les plateaux (13) de ces au moins deux organes de coupe (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d) sont animés en rotation dans un même plan (P). Cette caractéristique permet de standardiser et simplifier la construction de l'outil de coupe (5) par l'emploi de moyens d'entraînement et de plateaux (13) identiques pour ces au moins deux organes de coupe (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d).According to an advantageous characteristic of the invention which emerges from the figure 3 at least two cutting members (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d) each comprise a plate (13) each carrying at least one knife (9), and the plates (13) of these at least two cutting members (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d) are rotated in the same plane (P). This characteristic makes it possible to standardize and simplify the construction of the cutting tool (5) by the use of identical drive means and plates (13) for these at least two cutting members (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d). ).

Notamment, le au moins un premier organe de coupe (7a respectivement 7c) et le au moins un deuxième organe de coupe (7b respectivement 7d) adjacent à ce premier organe de coupe (7a respectivement 7c), comportant chacun un plateau (13) portant chacun au moins un couteau (9), au moins un de ces couteaux (9) étant un couteau pivotant autour d'un axe (16) solidaire du plateau (13) correspondant, et un couteau (9) du premier organe de coupe (7a respectivement 7c) chevauchant un autre couteau (9) du deuxième organe de coupe (7b respectivement 7d) en avant du bord frontal (15) du carter (6), peuvent être conçus de sorte que ces premier et deuxième organes de coupe (7a respectivement 7c, 7b respectivement 7d) soient animés en rotation dans un même plan (P).In particular, the at least one first cutting member (7a and 7c respectively) and the at least one second cutting member (7b or 7d) adjacent to this first cutting member (7a and 7c respectively), each having a plate (13) carrying each at least one knife (9), at least one of these knives (9) being a knife pivoting about an axis (16) integral with the corresponding plate (13), and a knife (9) of the first cutting member ( 7a respectively 7c) overlapping another knife (9) of the second cutting member (7b or 7d) in front of the front edge (15) of the housing (6) can be designed so that these first and second cutting members (7a respectively 7c, 7b respectively 7d) are rotated in a same plane (P).

Notamment aussi, le au moins un premier organe de coupe (7a respectivement 7c) et le au moins un deuxième organe de coupe (7b respectivement 7d) adjacent à ce premier organe de coupe (7a respectivement 7c), comportant chacun un plateau (13) portant chacun au moins un couteau pivotant autour d'un axe (16) solidaire du plateau (13) respectif, et le au moins un couteau pivotant du premier organe de coupe (7a respectivement 7c) chevauchant le au moins un couteau pivotant du deuxième organe de coupe (7b respectivement 7d) en avant du bord frontal (15) du carter (6), peuvent être conçus de sorte que ces premier et deuxième organes de coupe (7a respectivement 7c, 7b respectivement 7d) soient animés en rotation dans un même plan (P).In particular, the at least one first cutting member (7a and 7c respectively) and the at least one second cutting member (7b or 7d) adjacent to the first cutting member (7a and 7c respectively), each having a plate (13). each carrying at least one knife pivoting about an axis (16) secured to the respective plate (13), and the at least one pivoting knife of the first cutting member (7a or 7c respectively) overlapping the at least one pivoting knife of the second member section (7b or 7d) in front of the front edge (15) of the housing (6), can be designed so that these first and second cutting members (7a respectively 7c, 7b respectively 7d) are rotated in a same plane (P).

Enfin, tel que cela ressort de la figure 3, il est envisageable que chaque organe de coupe (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d) comporte un plateau (13) portant chacun au moins un couteau (9), et que les plateaux (13) soient tous animés en rotation dans un même plan (P). La construction de l'outil de coupe (5) se trouve de fait standardisée et simplifiée par l'emploi de moyens d'entraînement et de plateaux (13) identiques pour tous les organes de coupe (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d).Finally, as is apparent from the figure 3 it is conceivable that each cutting member (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d) comprises a plate (13) each carrying at least one knife (9), and that the plates (13) are all rotated in the same plane (P). The construction of the cutting tool (5) is in fact standardized and simplified by the use of drive means and trays (13) identical for all cutting members (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d).

La synchronisation en rotation des organes de coupe (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d) obtenue par les moyens d'engrènement que comporte la transmission (10), garantit le maintien dans le temps du chevauchement des couteaux (9) chevauchants. Cette synchronisation évite également les interférences entre organes de coupe (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d) voisins, dans la mesure où les organes de coupe (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d), notamment leurs couteaux (9), sont en bon état et non déformés.The synchronization in rotation of the cutting members (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d) obtained by the meshing means that comprises the transmission (10), ensures the maintenance over time of the overlapping knives (9) overlapping. This synchronization also prevents interference between neighboring cutting elements (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d), insofar as the cutting members (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d), in particular their knives (9), are in good condition. and not deformed.

Selon une caractéristique importante de l'invention, visible sur la figure 3, au moins un organe de coupe (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d) comporte un couteau inférieur (9i) et un couteau supérieur (9s), et le couteau supérieur (9s) est plus proche que le couteau inférieur (9i) du plan (P) de rotation dudit organe de coupe (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d). Cette caractéristique peut être obtenue par l'ajout d'une entretoise entre le couteau inférieur (9i) et le plateau (13), ou par l'utilisation d'une entretoise plus épaisse au niveau du couteau inférieur (9i) qu'au niveau du couteau supérieur (9s). Alternativement, le plateau (13) peut comporter un bossage ou renflement au niveau du couteau inférieur (9i) de manière à éloigner celui-ci du plateau (13) davantage que le couteau supérieur (9s).According to an important characteristic of the invention, visible on the figure 3 at least one cutting member (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d) has a lower knife (9i) and an upper knife (9s), and the upper knife (9s) is closer than the lower knife (9i) of the plane (P) of rotation of said cutting member (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d). This characteristic can be obtained by adding a spacer between the lower knife (9i) and the plate (13), or by using a thicker spacer at the lower knife (9i) than at the level the upper knife (9s). Alternatively, the plate (13) may comprise a boss or bulge at level of the lower knife (9i) so as to move it away from the plate (13) more than the upper knife (9s).

Il est en particulier envisageable que le premier organe de coupe (7a respectivement 7c) comporte un couteau inférieur (9i) et un couteau supérieur (9s), et que le couteau supérieur (9s) du premier organe de coupe (7a respectivement 7c) chevauche, au cours de la rotation de ce dernier, l'autre couteau (9) du deuxième organe de coupe (7b respectivement 7d) adjacent au premier organe coupe (7a respectivement 7c), en avant du bord frontal (15) du carter (6). Cette disposition ressort de la figure 3.It is in particular conceivable that the first cutting member (7a or 7c respectively) comprises a lower knife (9i) and an upper knife (9s), and that the upper knife (9s) of the first cutting member (7a or 7c respectively) overlaps during the rotation of the latter, the other knife (9) of the second cutting member (7b or 7d) adjacent to the first cutting member (7a respectively 7c), in front of the front edge (15) of the housing (6 ). This provision is apparent from figure 3 .

Une autre alternative prévoit que le premier organe de coupe (7a respectivement 7c) comporte un couteau inférieur (9i) et un couteau supérieur (9s), et que le couteau inférieur (9i) du premier organe de coupe (7a respectivement 7c) chevauche, au cours de la rotation de ce dernier, l'autre couteau (9) du deuxième organe de coupe (7b respectivement 7d) adjacent au premier organe coupe (7a respectivement 7c), en avant du bord frontal (15) du carter (6).Another alternative provides that the first cutting member (7a respectively 7c) comprises a lower knife (9i) and an upper knife (9s), and that the lower knife (9i) of the first cutting member (7a respectively 7c) overlaps, during the rotation of the latter, the other knife (9) of the second cutting member (7b or 7d) adjacent to the first cutter member (7a respectively 7c), in front of the front edge (15) of the housing (6) .

Selon une caractéristique préférentielle de l'invention visible sur la figure 3, il est prévu au moins une paire d'organes de coupe (7a et 7b), (7b et 7c), (7c et 7d) adjacents ayant chacun un couteau inférieur (9i) et un couteau supérieur (9s), et le couteau supérieur (9s) est plus proche que le couteau inférieur (9i) du plan (P) de rotation de l'organe de coupe (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d) auquel ledit couteau supérieur (9s) et ledit couteau inférieur (9i) sont reliés. Grâce au décalage de ces couteaux (9s, 9i), il est possible, moyennant une synchronisation appropriée desdits organes de coupe (7a et 7b), (7b et 7c), (7c et 7d) adjacents, d'éviter les interférences entre leurs couteaux (9s, 9i) respectifs. De plus, chacun de ces organes de coupe (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d) définit, au cours de sa rotation autour de l'axe de rotation (8) correspondant, un plan de taille des végétaux qui passe par le couteau inférieur (9i). Les plans de taille des organes de coupe (7a et 7b), (7b et 7c), (7c et 7d) adjacents peuvent être peu distants l'un de l'autre, voire confondus. Il est donc possible de garantir à la fois un fonctionnement sûr, sans risque de collision des couteaux (9s, 9i), et un front de taille régulier.According to a preferred feature of the invention visible on the figure 3 there is provided at least one pair of adjacent cutting members (7a and 7b), (7b and 7c), (7c and 7d) each having a lower knife (9i) and an upper knife (9s), and the knife upper (9s) is closer than the lower knife (9i) of the plane (P) of rotation of the cutting member (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d) to which said upper knife (9s) and said lower knife (9i) are related. Thanks to the offset of these knives (9s, 9i), it is possible, by appropriate synchronization of said adjacent cutters (7a and 7b), (7b and 7c), (7c and 7d), to avoid interference between their knives (9s, 9i) respectively. In addition, each of these cutting members (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d) defines, during its rotation about the corresponding axis of rotation (8), a plant size plane which passes through the lower knife ( 9i). The size planes of the adjacent cutting members (7a and 7b), (7b and 7c), (7c and 7d) may be little distant from one another, or even coincide. It is therefore possible to guarantee both a safe operation, without risk of collision of the knives (9s, 9i), and a regular face size.

La synchronisation desdits organes de coupe (7a et 7b), (7c et 7d) adjacents peut notamment être choisie pour que le couteau supérieur (9s) d'un organe de coupe de ladite paire d'organes de coupe (7a et 7b), (7c et 7d) adjacents chevauche le couteau inférieur (9i) de l'autre organe de coupe de ladite paire (7a et 7b), (7c et 7d), en avant du bord frontal (15) du carter (6). Une telle disposition permet, outre les avantages précités, une coupe nette et précise des végétaux en avant du carter (6), ainsi que des efforts de coupe réduits, par un effet de couteau - contre-couteau.The synchronization of said adjacent cutting members (7a and 7b), (7c and 7d) may in particular be chosen so that the upper knife (9s) of a cutting member cutting of said pair of adjacent cutting members (7a and 7b), (7c and 7d) overlaps the lower knife (9i) of the other cutter of said pair (7a and 7b), (7c and 7d), in front of the front edge (15) of the housing (6). Such an arrangement allows, in addition to the aforementioned advantages, a clean and precise cut of plants in front of the housing (6), as well as reduced cutting forces, by a knife effect - against-knife.

Selon une caractéristique avantageuse de l'invention, visible sur la figure 3, chaque organe de coupe (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d) comporte un couteau inférieur (9i) et un couteau supérieur (9s), et le couteau supérieur (9s) est plus proche que le couteau inférieur (9i) du plan (P) de rotation de l'organe de coupe (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d) auquel ledit couteau supérieur (9s) et ledit couteau inférieur (9i) sont reliés. Dans l'exemple de réalisation des figures, chacun des organes de coupe (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d) est ainsi conçu. Grâce à ces décalages des couteaux (9s, 9i), il est possible, moyennant une conception appropriée de la transmission (10) pour assurer la synchronisation de tous les organes de coupe (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d), d'éviter toute interférence entre couteaux (9s, 9i). De plus, les plans de taille des végétaux, passant par les couteaux inférieurs (9i), peuvent être peu distants les uns des autres, voire confondus, d'où un front de taille régulier sur toute la largeur de travail de la machine (1).According to an advantageous characteristic of the invention, visible on the figure 3 each cutting member (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d) comprises a lower knife (9i) and an upper knife (9s), and the upper knife (9s) is closer than the lower knife (9i) of the plane (P ) of rotation of the cutting member (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d) to which said upper knife (9s) and said lower knife (9i) are connected. In the embodiment of the figures, each of the cutting members (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d) is thus designed. Thanks to these offsets of the knives (9s, 9i), it is possible, by means of an appropriate design of the transmission (10) to ensure the synchronization of all the cutting members (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d), to avoid any interference between knives (9s, 9i). In addition, the plant size plans, passing through the lower knives (9i), can be little distant from each other, or even confused, where a regular face size over the entire working width of the machine (1 ).

Dans ce cas, il est préférable que le couteau supérieur (9s) d'un organe de coupe de chaque paire d'organes de coupe (7a et 7b), (7b et 7c), (7c et 7d) adjacents chevauche le couteau inférieur (9i) de l'autre organe de coupe de ladite paire (7a et 7b), (7b et 7c), (7c et 7d). Ceci autorise une coupe particulièrement nette sur toute la largeur de travail de la machine (1), et des efforts de coupe réduits pour tous les organes de coupe (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d). Dans l'exemple de réalisation des figures, il y a au moins deux paires de couteaux (9s, 9i) chevauchants, notamment le couteau supérieur (9s) de l'organe de coupe (7a) qui chevauche le couteau inférieur (9i) de l'organe de coupe (7b), et le couteau supérieur (9s) de l'organe de coupe (7c) qui chevauche le couteau inférieur (9i) de l'organe de coupe (7d). Ces deux chevauchements ont lieu en avant du bord frontal (15) du carter (6). Etant donné que, dans cet exemple de réalisation, les couteaux (9s, 9i) d'un organe de coupe (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d) sont diamétralement opposés par rapport à l'axe de rotation (8), et que les axes de rotation (8) des organes de coupe (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d) successifs sont séparés d'une distance sensiblement constante, le couteau supérieur (9s) de l'organe de coupe (7b) chevauche le couteau inférieur (9i) de l'organe de coupe (7c) dans la partie arrière du carter (6). De plus, les chevauchements des couteaux (9s, 9i) chevauchants ont lieu simultanément, c'est-à-dire que le chevauchement des couteaux (9s, 9i) des organes de coupe (7a) et (7b), celui des couteaux (9s, 9i) des organes (7b) et (7c), enfin celui des couteaux (9s, 9i) des organes de coupe (7c) et (7d), ont lieu en même temps, ainsi qu'il ressort de la figure 2.In this case, it is preferable that the upper knife (9s) of a cutting member of each pair of adjacent cutting members (7a and 7b), (7b and 7c), (7c and 7d) overlaps the lower knife. (9i) of the other cutting member of said pair (7a and 7b), (7b and 7c), (7c and 7d). This allows particularly sharp cutting over the entire working width of the machine (1), and reduced cutting forces for all cutting members (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d). In the embodiment of the figures, there are at least two pairs of knives (9s, 9i) overlapping, including the upper knife (9s) of the cutting member (7a) which overlaps the lower knife (9i) of the cutting member (7b), and the upper knife (9s) of the cutting member (7c) which overlaps the lower knife (9i) of the cutting member (7d). These two overlaps take place in front of the front edge (15) of the housing (6). Since, in this embodiment, the knives (9s, 9i) of a cutting member (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d) are diametrically opposed to the axis of rotation (8), and that the axes of rotation (8) of the successive cutting members (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d) are separated by a substantially constant distance, the upper knife (9s ) of the cutting member (7b) overlaps the lower knife (9i) of the cutting member (7c) in the rear portion of the housing (6). In addition, overlapping overlapping knives (9s, 9i) take place simultaneously, that is to say that the overlap of the knives (9s, 9i) of the cutting elements (7a) and (7b), that of the knives ( 9s, 9i) of the members (7b) and (7c), finally that of the knives (9s, 9i) of the cutting members (7c) and (7d), take place at the same time, as is apparent from the figure 2 .

Selon une caractéristique particulièrement avantageuse de l'invention visible sur la figure 3, tous les couteaux supérieurs (9s) sont animés en rotation dans un même plan supérieur (Ps), et tous les couteaux inférieurs (9i) sont animés en rotation dans un même plan inférieur (Pi). Ainsi, le front de taille est parfaitement régulier.According to a particularly advantageous characteristic of the invention visible on the figure 3 , all the upper knives (9s) are rotated in the same upper plane (Ps), and all the lower knives (9i) are rotated in the same lower plane (Pi). Thus, the face is perfectly regular.

Plusieurs variantes de la machine de coupe selon l'invention sont envisageables, il peut notamment être prévu un nombre d'organes de coupe (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d) plus ou moins important, par exemple entre deux et six organes de coupe, éventuellement davantage, même si de manière optimale pour les travaux considérés il est préféré l'emploi de quatre organes de coupe (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d) formés de plateaux (13) munis de couteaux (9), cela sans sortir du cadre de l'invention.Several variants of the cutting machine according to the invention are conceivable, it may in particular be provided a number of cutting members (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d) more or less important, for example between two and six cutting members, possibly more, even if it is preferable for the work in question to use four cutting members (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d) formed of trays (13) provided with knives (9), without departing from the scope of the invention.

La transmission (10) peut comporter des moyens d'engrènement, notamment des engrenages (12), en nombre et dimensions variables, sans sortir du cadre de l'invention. Il est préférable cependant que les organes de coupe (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d) tournent dans le même sens et donc que le nombre d'engrenages (12) entre les roues dentées (11) soit impair.The transmission (10) may comprise meshing means, in particular gears (12), in number and variable dimensions, without departing from the scope of the invention. It is preferable, however, that the cutting members (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d) rotate in the same direction and therefore that the number of gears (12) between the gears (11) is odd.

Il est envisageable que les organes de coupe (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d) puissent tourner dans les deux sens possibles et il peut donc être prévu d'inverser le sens de rotation du moteur d'entraînement sans sortir du cadre de l'invention.It is conceivable that the cutting members (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d) can rotate in both possible directions and it can therefore be provided to reverse the direction of rotation of the drive motor without departing from the scope of the invention. .

Il peut être envisagé dans le cadre de l'invention diverses protections autour du carter (6), et il peut être prévu de munir le carter (6) ou/et le moteur d'entraînement d'un capot de protection et de divers moyens de sécurité permettant de protéger aussi bien le matériel que les personnes employant la machine (1).In the context of the invention, it is possible to envisage various protections around the housing (6), and provision may be made to provide the housing (6) and / or the drive motor with a protective cover and various means. of security to protect both equipment and people using the machine (1).

Bien entendu, l'invention n'est pas limitée aux exemples de réalisation décrits et illustrés, mais elle comprend aussi tous les équivalents techniques ainsi que leurs combinaisons.Of course, the invention is not limited to the embodiments described and illustrated, but it also includes all the technical equivalents and their combinations.

Claims (16)

  1. Cutting machine (1), in particular a hedge cutter, comprising a casing (6) having a frontal edge (15) and carrying cutting elements (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d) driven in rotation by means of a transmission shaft (10) and describing, during their rotation, respective cutting courses (14) extending at least partially in front of the frontal edge (15), at least a first cutting element (7a, 7c, respectively) and a second cutting element (7b, 7d, respectively) adjacent to the first cutting element (7a, 7c, respectively) each comprising a plate (13) each carrying at least one knife (9), and at least one knife (9) being a rotating knife mounted pivoting around an axis (16) rigidly fastened to the corresponding plate (13) and allowing the said rotating knife to retract by pivoting around the said axis (16), characterized in that during the rotation of the cutting elements (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d), a knife (9) of the first cutting element (7a, 7c, respectively) overlaps another knife (9) of the second cutting element (7b, 7d, respectively), in front of the frontal edge (15) of the casing (6).
  2. Cutting machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the first cutting element (7a, 7c, respectively) and the second cutting element (7b, 7d, respectively) adjacent to the first cutting element (7a, 7c, respectively) each comprise a plate (13) each carrying at least one rotating knife, and that during the rotation of the cutting elements (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d), the at least one rotating knife of the first cutting element (7a, 7c, respectively) overlaps the at least one rotating knife of the second cutting element (7b, 7d, respectively), in front of the frontal edge (15) of the casing (6).
  3. Cutting machine according to claim 1, characterized in that each cutting element (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d) comprises a plate (13) each carrying at least one knife (9), the said at least one knife (9) of each cutting element (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d) is a rotating knife mounted pivoting around an axis rigidly fastened to the corresponding plate (13) and allowing the said at least one knife (9) to retract by pivoting around the said axis, and that during the rotation of the cutting elements (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d), the said at least one rotating knife of a cutting element (7a, 7c, respectively) overlaps the said at least one rotating knife of another cutting element (7b, 7d, respectively) adjacent to the said cutting element (7a, 7c, respectively), in front of the frontal edge (15) of the casing (6).
  4. Cutting machine according to claim 1, characterized in that each knife (9) is a rotating knife mounted pivoting around the axis (16) of the corresponding plate (13) and allowing the said rotating knife to retract by pivoting around the said axis (16).
  5. Cutting machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the transmission shaft (10) comprises gearing means ensuring a rotary synchronization of the cutting elements (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d).
  6. Cutting machine according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that at least two cutting elements (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d) each comprise a plate (13) each carrying at least one knife (9), and that the plates (13) of those at least two cutting elements (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d) are driven in rotation in a same plane (P).
  7. Cutting machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that at least one cutting element (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d) comprises a lower knife (9i) and an upper knife (9s), and that the upper knife (9s) is closer than the lower knife (9i) to a / the rotation plane (P) of the said cutting element (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d).
  8. Cutting machine according to claim 7, characterized in that the first cutting element (7a, 7c, respectively) comprises a lower knife (9i) and an upper knife (9s), and that the upper knife (9s) of the first cutting element (7a, 7c, respectively) overlaps, during the rotation of the latter, the other knife (9) of the second cutting element (7b, 7d, respectively) adjacent to the first cutting element (7a, 7c, respectively), in front of the frontal edge (15) of the casing (6).
  9. Cutting machine according to claim 7, characterized in that the first cutting element (7a, 7c, respectively) comprises a lower knife (9i) and an upper knife (9s), and that the lower knife (9i) of the first cutting element (7a, 7c, respectively) overlaps, during the rotation of the latter, the other knife (9) of the second cutting element (7b, 7d, respectively) adjacent to the first cutting element (7a, 7c, respectively), in front of the frontal edge (15) of the casing (6).
  10. Cutting machine according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it comprises at least one pair of adjacent cutting elements (7a and 7b), (7b and 7c), (7c and 7d) each having a lower knife (9i) and an upper knife (9s), and that the upper knife (9s) is closer than the lower knife (9i) to a / the rotation plane (P) of the cutting element (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d) to which the said upper knife (9s) and the said lower knife (9i) are connected.
  11. Cutting machine according to claim 10, characterized in that the upper knife (9s) of a cutting element of the said pair (7a and 7b), (7c and 7d) overlaps the lower knife (9i) of the other cutting element of the said pair (7a and 7b), (7c and 7d), in front of the frontal edge (15) of the casing (6).
  12. Cutting machine according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that each cutting element (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d) comprises a lower knife (9i) and an upper knife (9s), and that the upper knife (9s) is closer than the lower knife (9i) to a / the rotation plane (P) of the cutting element (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d) to which the said upper knife (9s) and the said lower knife (9i) are connected.
  13. Cutting machine according to claim 12, characterized in that the upper knife (9s) of a cutting element of each pair of adjacent cutting elements (7a and 7b), (7b and 7c), (7c and 7d) overlaps the lower knife (9i) of the other cutting element of the said pair (7a and 7b), (7b and 7c), (7c and 7d).
  14. Cutting machine according to any one of claims 10 to 13, characterized in that all of the upper knives (9s) are driven in rotation in a same upper plane (Ps), and that all of the lower knives (9i) are driven in rotation in a same lower plane (Pi).
  15. Cutting machine according to any one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that it comprises at least two pairs of overlapping knives (9, 9s, 9i).
  16. Cutting machine according to any one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the overlaps of the overlapping knives (9, 9s, 9i) occur simultaneously.
EP13187544.5A 2012-10-31 2013-10-07 Cutting machine Active EP2727457B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL13187544T PL2727457T3 (en) 2012-10-31 2013-10-07 Cutting machine

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1260416A FR2997262B1 (en) 2012-10-31 2012-10-31 CUTTING MACHINE COMPRISING AN IMPROVED CUTTING TOOL

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EP2727457A1 EP2727457A1 (en) 2014-05-07
EP2727457B1 true EP2727457B1 (en) 2015-07-01

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FR (1) FR2997262B1 (en)
PL (1) PL2727457T3 (en)

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DK3841862T3 (en) * 2019-12-23 2024-05-13 Mulag Fahrzeugwerk Heinz Woessner Gmbh & Co Kg Rotating cutting head

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE682839A (en) * 1965-07-16 1966-12-01
DE2032206A1 (en) * 1970-06-30 1972-01-05 Josef Baut z GmbH, 7968 Saulgau Rotary mower
IE801960L (en) * 1980-09-19 1982-03-19 Murphy John Mowers
FR2923135B1 (en) * 2007-11-06 2010-01-01 Coupeco LAMIER AT BATI CURVILIGNE
FR2932949B1 (en) * 2008-06-26 2013-01-04 Kuhn Audureau Sa PERFECTED HEDGE SIZE MACHINE

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PL2727457T3 (en) 2015-12-31
EP2727457A1 (en) 2014-05-07
FR2997262B1 (en) 2015-05-15
DK2727457T3 (en) 2015-10-05
FR2997262A1 (en) 2014-05-02

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