EP2721231B1 - Article of the tent or shelter type - Google Patents
Article of the tent or shelter type Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2721231B1 EP2721231B1 EP12731571.1A EP12731571A EP2721231B1 EP 2721231 B1 EP2721231 B1 EP 2721231B1 EP 12731571 A EP12731571 A EP 12731571A EP 2721231 B1 EP2721231 B1 EP 2721231B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- article
- component
- film
- emissivity
- outer face
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical group O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- BFMKFCLXZSUVPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl but-3-enoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC=C BFMKFCLXZSUVPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011104 metalized film Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 33
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 14
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229920005601 base polymer Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 3
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005670 electromagnetic radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical group [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000037368 penetrate the skin Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006264 polyurethane film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H15/00—Tents or canopies, in general
- E04H15/32—Parts, components, construction details, accessories, interior equipment, specially adapted for tents, e.g. guy-line equipment, skirts, thresholds
- E04H15/54—Covers of tents or canopies
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H15/00—Tents or canopies, in general
- E04H15/32—Parts, components, construction details, accessories, interior equipment, specially adapted for tents, e.g. guy-line equipment, skirts, thresholds
- E04H15/34—Supporting means, e.g. frames
- E04H15/36—Supporting means, e.g. frames arch-shaped type
- E04H15/40—Supporting means, e.g. frames arch-shaped type flexible
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H15/00—Tents or canopies, in general
- E04H15/20—Tents or canopies, in general inflatable, e.g. shaped, strengthened or supported by fluid pressure
- E04H2015/207—Tents specially designed for insulation
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the technical field of the tent or shelter type articles comprising a roof element at least partially covering a shelter zone, more particularly those adapted to thermally isolate the user (s) arranged in the shelter zone in order to improve their comfort, especially in summer under hot weather.
- the tents also include an interior chamber covered by said roof element and acting as a shelter area.
- This difference in temperature between the shelter zone, especially the inner chamber, and the atmosphere is due, on the one hand, to a heat input by solar radiation and, on the other hand, to an insufficient ventilation of the zone shelter, especially the inner chamber.
- roof elements pass part of the incident solar radiation, which is composed of ultraviolet (UV) radiation, visible, and infra-red near the range of short wavelengths (ranging from 0.2 microns to 2 microns ).
- UV ultraviolet
- said roof elements do not allow far infrared radiation with long wavelengths (greater than 5 ⁇ m) emitted and reflected by the shelter zone, in particular by the walls of the inner chamber, the ground and possibly the users in said area , to escape to the outside of said shelter zone.
- US 3244186 a tent having a summer portion and a winter portion adapted to be interchanged by rotating 180 ° about its vertical axis without the need to return, from the inside to the outside, the latter.
- US 3244186 describes a variant in which the tent is provided on its outer face with a reflective coating, for example, a reflective aluminum paint and, on its inner side, with a heat-absorbing coating, for example, a black paint non-reflective.
- a reflective coating for example, a reflective aluminum paint
- a heat-absorbing coating for example, a black paint non-reflective.
- the inner face absorbs and stores more heat than the outer surface and re-emits more far infrared rays than the outer face thus causing the warming of the shelter zone that the tent covers.
- the object of the present invention is therefore to propose an article of the tent or shelter type making it possible to improve the thermal comfort in the shelter zone, in particular in the interior chamber, while retaining a light article that is easy to manufacture, foldable and having the basic characteristics of such type of article: waterproof and breathable, resistant to abrasion and tearing.
- the present invention overcomes the aforementioned problems in that it relates to an article of the tent or shelter type comprising a roof element at least partially covering a shelter area, said roof element comprising a main flexible panel having outer faces and internal opposite, the inner face being intended in operation to be oriented with respect to said shelter zone, the outer face being for its intended purpose in operation to be oriented with respect to the sun rays.
- the inner face has a far infra-red emissivity (%) ratio lower than the far infrared emissivity (%) of the outer face, and the outer face is arranged so that to reflect the sun's rays.
- the fraction of the solar radiation absorbed by the roof element is re-emitted more in the atmosphere than in the shelter zone.
- This technical effect can greatly mitigate the greenhouse effect observed in the state of the art since less far infrared rays will be re-emitted in the shelter zone and will be likely to accumulate.
- the thermal radiation in the shelter zone ground, users, possibly walls of the inner chamber
- correlatively the radiant temperature perceived by the user which improves its thermal comfort.
- the combination of reflective properties of the outer face with the difference in emissivity between the inner and outer faces of the main panel further mitigates the greenhouse effect that could occur in the shelter area. Indeed, a smaller portion of the incident solar rays will be transmitted and then re-transmitted in said shelter zone, in particular less radiation in the far infra-red will be likely to accumulate in said area. The thermal comfort of the user in the shelter area is thus further improved.
- Emissivity ( ⁇ ) is the property of the surface of a body to emit heat by radiation, expressed by the ratio between the energy radiated by this surface and that radiated by a black body at the same temperature.
- a Blackbody is theoretical object that absorbs all the electromagnetic radiation that it receives, at all wavelengths. No electromagnetic radiation passes through it and none are reflected.
- the emissivity thus depends on numerous parameters which are the temperature of the body in question, the direction of the radiation, the wavelength and especially the surface state of the inner and outer faces of the main panel.
- Radiation transmission is understood to mean the passage of radiation through a medium, without wavelength change, in particular through the main flexible panel.
- the solar rays according to the invention cover the solar spectrum, which includes in particular visible, near infra-red and ultra-violet rays.
- the far infra-red is a part of the thermal rays emitted by the different bodies, such as the floor, the main flexible panel, a possible interior chamber, objects arranged in the shelter area and finally, and most importantly , one or more users arranged in the shelter area.
- Deep infra-red waves penetrate the skin without damaging and heat the user's body tissues in a similar way to the sun but without the harmful ultraviolet radiation.
- Reflection, transmission, and absorption rates are defined as the fraction of incident radiation, in particular solar radiation, which is respectively reflected, transmitted or absorbed.
- Emissivity, reflection, transmission, and absorption form the radiative properties of the main flexible panel.
- the color of the outer face and / or the inner face does not affect the emissivity properties in the far infra-red of the main flexible panel.
- the emissivity of the white outer face of a textile panel has been evaluated to be of the same order as that of the colored outer surface (for example orange or green) of another textile panel, namely of the order of 83-85%.
- the article of the invention may be a tent, preferably in this case, the tent comprises an inner chamber.
- the article of the invention may also be a shelter comprising a roof element, such as an umbrella, an umbrella, an awning, a blind.
- the inner face of the main flexible panel is in contact at least locally with an air layer, ie a layer of air of minimum thickness when the shelter zone comprises an inner chamber, or directly in the air volume of the shelter area.
- the emissivity rate in the far infra-red of the inner and outer faces may be measured according to the method described below or according to standard NF EN 15976.
- the emissivity values are given in the present text within +/- 3 percentage points.
- the emissivity difference ⁇ (%) between the inner face and the outer face is preferably at least 3 percentage points, more preferably at least 6 percentage points.
- the main flexible panel is coated on its inner and / or outer face of a base polymer film, in particular not including any component having particular properties of emissivity or reflection.
- This basic polymer film has the function of blocking the pores of the inner face and / or the outer face of the main panel, to smooth it and improve its drape.
- This thread The base polymer also helps to provide the main flexible board with abrasion resistance and water impermeability properties.
- the weight / m 2 of a base polymer film is less than or equal to 100 g / m 2 , preferably less than or equal to 50 g / m 2 , and even more preferably less than or equal to 10 g / m 2 .
- the sum of the weights / m 2 of the two films is less than or equal to 200 g / m 2 , preferably less than or equal to 100 g / m 2 , and still preferably less than or equal to 20 g / m 2 .
- weight / m 2 of the films are given in the present text on the finished article when the films are dry (in particular the solvent or aqueous phase of the coating binder composition has been evaporated).
- the emissivity (%) of the far infra-red rays of the internal face is less than at least 10 percentage points, preferably less than 20 percentage points, at the emissivity rate (% ) far infra-red rays of the outer face.
- the shelter zone comprises an interior chamber at least partially covered by said roof element, said roof element and the interior chamber being arranged so as to be spaced at least locally by a distance (d) by a layer of air, preferably of a distance (d) greater than or equal to 7 mm.
- This layer of air disposed between the inner face of the main panel and the inner chamber is necessary in order not to alter the emissivity properties of said inner face and to maintain the attenuation of the greenhouse effect observed in the zone of shelter.
- the inner chamber is preferably obtained by assembling one or more pre-cut flexible panels, in particular textile panels.
- the main panel used in the composition of the roof element is suspended above the shelter area, the inner face of said main panel is thus in contact with a layer of air.
- the outer face of the main panel being intended to be oriented directly in view of the sun's rays, the outer face is in contact with the ambient air which thus also forms a kind of air layer on its surface.
- the external face of the main flexible panel has a reflection ratio of greater than or equal to 40%, measured according to standard NF EN 410.
- This arrangement also makes it possible to improve the effect sought in the context of the invention, namely to reduce the proportion of incident solar rays transmitted and then re-emitted into the shelter zone so as to limit the accumulation of far infra-red rays of light. this zone.
- the outer face of the main flexible panel is at least partially coated with a first reflecting component
- the inner face is at least partially coated with a second component
- said first and second components being selected so that said first component component has a far infra-red emissivity (%) greater than the emissivity of the far infra-red rays (%) of the second component.
- the first component and the second component are metal particles, optionally oxidized.
- the first component is titanium dioxide and the second component is an aluminum or silver powder.
- the external face is at least partially coated with a first film in at least one polymer and said first component, said film possibly being colored.
- the film can be colored by adding one or more color pigments.
- the base polymer film is disposed between the first film and the outer face of the main flexible panel.
- the inner face is at least partially coated with a second film in at least one polymer capable of rendering said inner surface impervious to water, said second film optionally comprising said second component.
- the base polymer film is disposed between the inner face and the second film.
- the weight / m 2 of the first film and / or the second film is less than or equal to 100 g / m 2 , preferably less than or equal to 50 g / m 2 , more preferably less than or equal to 10 g / m 2 .
- the polymer is chosen alone or in combination from the following polymers: polytetrafluoroethylene, polyurethane, polyethylene terephthalate, ethyl vinyl acetate (EVA).
- Said polymer corresponds to that used in the composition of the base film and / or the first film and / or the second film.
- Said polymer corresponds to the binder of the solvent or aqueous binder composition implemented by coating with the aid of, for example, a roller (s) and a sander (s) to form said films.
- the proportion by weight of the first component in said first film is less than or equal to 75%, preferably less than or equal to 50%.
- the proportion by weight of the first component relative to the total weight of the solvent or aqueous binder composition intended to form said first film is less than or equal to 25%, more preferably less than or equal to 20%.
- the proportion by weight of the second component in the second film is less than or equal to 75%, preferably less than or equal to 50%.
- the proportion by weight of the second component relative to the total weight of the solvent or aqueous binder composition intended to form said second film is less than or equal to 25%, more preferably less than or equal to 15%, and even more preferably less than or equal to 10%.
- the first and second films may be obtained by coating a polymeric composition comprising a polymer and respectively the first or the second component.
- the coating can be carried out in a known manner by a nap roller or a rake.
- the first and / or second films may also be hot rolled on the outer and / or inner side, respectively, of the main panel.
- the inner face is totally or partially coated with a metallized film, in particular an aluminized film.
- the aluminized film may be hot rolled on all or part of the inner face of the main flexible panel.
- the main flexible panel is a textile panel.
- the textile panels described herein may be formed of one or more pre-cut panels (s) formed from one or more fabrics and / or nonwovens and / or knits.
- the article of type tent 1, represented at figure 1 comprises a roof element 2 covering a shelter zone 3.
- the roof element 2 comprises a main flexible panel 4 having opposite outer faces 4a and 4b internal, the inner face 4b being intended in operation to be oriented to the eye of said said shelter zone 3.
- the internal face 4b has an emissivity (%) of the radii infra-red lower than the emissivity of the infra-red rays of the outer face 4a.
- the shelter zone 3 comprises an inner chamber 5, covered by the roof element 2, said roof element 2 and the inner chamber 5 being arranged so as to be spaced at least locally by a distance (d) by an air layer 6. In this specific example, the distance d is greater than or equal to 7 mm.
- the emissivity rate of the inner face 4b is less than at least 20 percentage points at the emissivity rate of the outer face 4a.
- the outer face 4a of the main flexible panel 4 is arranged so as to reflect the sun's rays, preferably the outer face 4a has a reflection ratio greater than or equal to 40% (measured according to NF EN 410).
- the outer face 4a is coated with a first polymer film 7 comprising oxidized metal particles, preferably titanium dioxide.
- the second inner face 4b is coated with a second polymer film 8 comprising unoxidized metal particles, preferably an aluminum powder.
- the first and second 7.8 polymer films are preferably in one or more polymers selected from the following polymers: polyethylene terephthalate, polyurethane, polytetrafluoroethylene, ethylvinyl acetate.
- the figure 4 thus illustrates the transmission and reflection properties of various samples of flexible panels measured according to standard NF EN 410.
- the sample No. 1 of the state of the art is a textile panel whose outer face is coated with no film and whose inner face is coated with a polyurethane film comprising no component having a particular reflection or emissivity function, in particular not comprising oxidized or non-oxidized metal particles.
- Sample No. 2 corresponds to a textile panel of which only the outer face has been coated with a polymer film comprising an aluminum powder.
- Sample No. 3 corresponds to a textile panel of which only the outer face has been coated with a polymer film comprising titanium dioxide.
- Sample No. 4 corresponds to the main flexible panel 4 according to the invention.
- the flexible textile panels from which samples 1 to 4 were prepared are the same, especially they are woven with polyester yarns.
- the proportion of titanium dioxide and aluminum powder is substantially the even in each of the polymer films.
- the polymer film is based on polyurethane.
- the outer faces 4a and inner 4b are also coated with a base polymer film, whose weight / m 2 is preferably less than or equal to 10 g / m 2 .
- the base polymer films are interposed respectively between the inner and outer faces and the first and second polymeric films comprising the first and second components.
- the proportion by weight of the first and second components respectively in the first and second films differ.
- the solvent or aqueous binder composition intended to form the first film comprises, relative to its total weight, between 15% and 20% by weight of TiO 2
- the solvent or aqueous binder composition intended to form the second film comprises, relative to its total weight between 4% and 12% by weight of silver powder.
- the absorption rate was deduced from the transmission and reflection rates.
- the transmission, reflection and absorption rates on the solar spectrum were measured by incident radiation emitted towards the outer face of the samples to be tested.
- the emissivity rate in the far infra-red of the inner and / or outer faces was measured according to a measurement method described below using an emissometer of INGLAS brand and having for reference TIR 100- 2.
- the transmission values and the reflection values are respectively given plus or minus 1 percentage point and 2 percentage points respectively.
- the emissivity rate of the outer face of a panel of the state of the art is high since it is 80%.
- the emissivity rate of the outer face of sample No. 2 is low since it is 55%, and the transmission of radiation on the solar spectrum is also low since it is 7%.
- the emissivity rate of the external face of the sample No. 3 is high since it is 79% and close to that of the sample No. 1 of the state of the art but has a good reflection of the solar rays since that it's 44%.
- the emissivity rates of the internal faces of samples Nos. 1, 2 and 3 are theoretically of the same order since none of these internal faces is coated with a film comprising a component having a reflection or emissivity function. special.
- the emissivity of the internal faces of samples Nos. 1, 2 and 3 is thus of the same order as that measured for the external face of sample No. 1, namely 80% to plus or minus 3%.
- the emissivity of the inner and outer faces of the samples No. 1 and No. 3 are of the same order, while the emissivity of the internal face of the sample No. 2, of the order of 80% to more or less than 3%, is significantly higher than that of the outer face coated with a film comprising aluminum particles, which is 55% to plus or minus 3%.
- the emissivity rate of the inner face 4b of the main flexible panel 4 is 58%, which is less than at least 20 percentage points at the emittance rate of 83% of the outer face 4a.
- the incident solar rays 9 arrive on the outer face 4a of the main panel 4, a portion 10 of these rays is reflected, another portion 11 is absorbed, and finally a last portion 12 is transmitted.
- the proportion of solar rays transmitted 12 in tent 1 (of the order of 8%) is lower than in the state of the art (of the order of 34%) because the outer face 4a is arranged in sort of reflect the sun's rays.
- the transmitted rays 12 in the shelter zone 3, as can be seen in figure 3 are reflected again or absorbed and then re-emitted in the far infra-red by the ground 13, the skin of a potential user 14 and the walls of the inner chamber 5 to form a radiation in the far infra-red represented by the arrows 15.
- spokes 15 are re-emitted by the walls of the inner chamber 5 to the main flexible panel 4, they are again absorbed by the main panel 4.
- the radiation thus absorbed by the panel 4 is further re-emitted by the face external 4a in the atmosphere that the inner face 4b to the shelter area 3.
- the greenhouse effect is thus considerably less than what is observed in the state of the art for a known tent equipped with a roof element comprising a main panel such as the sample No. 1.
- a wind tunnel study on the type 1 tent article described in Figures 1 to 3 has been performed compared to an article of the same structure comprising a roof element having a main panel of the state of the art (sample No. 1).
- Article 1 is arranged in a room with a ceiling arranged to emit radiation on the solar spectrum.
- the climatic parameters of the wind tunnel are determined in said room so as to reproduce a summer day in European latitudes with a very low wind.
- the energy emitted by the ceiling of said room is of the order of 600 watts / m 2 on the ground.
- Thermocouples, a black globe and radiative flow sensors are used to measure the temperature of the atmosphere (outside the said items), the radiant temperature in the shelter zone and the transmission rate of the room.
- article in the shelter zone the radiative flow sensors are placed on the outer face 4a of the main panel 4 as well as on the floor in the inner chamber 5 and equivalently for the article of the state of the art ).
- the radiant temperature is related to solar thermal radiation and / or infra-red far absorbed by the skin of a user, the sharp decrease in this criterion and allows a significant improvement in thermal comfort of the user since it feels less heat.
- the emission capacity of the solar radiation of the climatic wind tunnel in which this test was carried out was limited to 600 watts / m 2 on the ground, whereas the conditions of use in full summer with an entirely clear sky would be to be compared to an emission of 800-1000 watts / m 2 on the ground.
- the reduction of the thermal radiation as well as the radiant temperature compared to the state of the art should be even more important for these conditions of use.
- the far infrared emissivity levels described in the context of the present invention can be measured according to the European standard EN 15976 or else according to the test method described hereinafter.
- This method is an indirect measure of emissivity, and more particularly of hemispheric emissivity.
- a hemispherical black body at a temperature of 100 ° C., radiates towards a given face of a sample whose emissivity it is desired to measure.
- the reflected portion of the heat flux by said face of the sample is then measured using an emissometer.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Tents Or Canopies (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Description
La présente invention concerne le domaine technique des articles du type tente ou abri comprenant un élément de toit recouvrant au moins partiellement une zone d'abri, plus particulièrement ceux adaptés pour isoler thermiquement le ou les usagers disposés dans la zone d'abri afin d'améliorer leur confort, notamment en été sous de fortes chaleurs.The present invention relates to the technical field of the tent or shelter type articles comprising a roof element at least partially covering a shelter zone, more particularly those adapted to thermally isolate the user (s) arranged in the shelter zone in order to improve their comfort, especially in summer under hot weather.
Généralement, les tentes comprennent également une chambre intérieure recouverte par ledit élément de toit et faisant office de zone d'abri.Generally, the tents also include an interior chamber covered by said roof element and acting as a shelter area.
En été, on observe que la température dans ces zones d'abri exposées au soleil, en particulier dans les chambres intérieures, est plus élevée que la température à l'extérieur de ladite zone d'abri, également désignée dans le présent texte par température ambiante. Il a ainsi été mesuré, à titre d'exemple sous des latitudes européennes, une différence de température allant jusqu'à 15°C entre la température de l'air dans les zones hautes de la chambre intérieure et la température de l'air ambiant à l'extérieur dudit article du type tente. De plus, il a été constaté que la présence d'un rayonnement thermique dans la chambre intérieure implique que la température ressentie (température radiante) par un utilisateur est supérieure à celle effectivement mesurée dans ladite chambre, ce qui accentue encore l'inconfort dû à la chaleur.In summer, it is observed that the temperature in these sheltered areas exposed to the sun, especially in the inner chambers, is higher than the temperature outside said shelter area, also referred to in this text as temperature. room. For example, in European latitudes, a temperature difference of up to 15 ° C has been measured between the air temperature in the upper parts of the inner chamber and the ambient air temperature. outside said tent type article. In addition, it has been found that the presence of heat radiation in the inner chamber implies that the temperature felt (radiant temperature) by a user is greater than that actually measured in said chamber, which further accentuates the discomfort due to the heat.
Il résulte que l'usager ne peut rester dans une tente ou un abri exposé au soleil en pleine journée sans souffrir d'une chaleur encore plus importante que celle se trouvant à l'extérieur de ladite zone d'abri.It follows that the user can not stay in a tent or a shelter exposed to the sun in the middle of the day without suffering from a heat even more important than that being outside the said shelter zone.
Cette différence de température entre la zone d'abri, notamment la chambre intérieure, et l'ambiance est due, d'une part, à un apport de chaleur par rayonnement solaire et, d'autre part, à une ventilation insuffisante de la zone d'abri, en particulier de la chambre intérieure.This difference in temperature between the shelter zone, especially the inner chamber, and the atmosphere is due, on the one hand, to a heat input by solar radiation and, on the other hand, to an insufficient ventilation of the zone shelter, especially the inner chamber.
On observe ainsi un effet de serre, lié au rayonnement solaire, qui se produit dans la zone d'abri. Les éléments de toit laissent passer une partie du rayonnement solaire incident, lequel est composé de rayonnements ultra-violets (UV), visibles, et infra-rouges proches sur la gamme des longueurs d'ondes courtes (allant de 0,2 µm à 2µm). Cependant, lesdits éléments de toit ne permettent pas au rayonnement infra-rouge lointain ayant des grandes longueurs d'onde (supérieure à 5 µm) émis et réfléchis par la zone d'abri, en particulier par les parois de la chambre intérieure, le sol et éventuellement les usagers dans ladite zone, de s'échapper à l'extérieure de ladite zone d'abri.There is thus a greenhouse effect, related to solar radiation, that occurs in the shelter zone. Roof elements pass part of the incident solar radiation, which is composed of ultraviolet (UV) radiation, visible, and infra-red near the range of short wavelengths (ranging from 0.2 microns to 2 microns ). However, said roof elements do not allow far infrared radiation with long wavelengths (greater than 5 μm) emitted and reflected by the shelter zone, in particular by the walls of the inner chamber, the ground and possibly the users in said area , to escape to the outside of said shelter zone.
Ces rayons dans l'infra-rouge lointain réfléchis et émis par la zone d'abri sont alors en majorité emprisonnés dans cette dernière et s'y accumulent, augmentant ainsi la température à l'intérieur de la zone d'abri mais également sur les parois de la chambre intérieure lorsqu'elle est prévue. Cet effet de serre est encore plus important dans une chambre intérieure.These far infra-red rays reflected and emitted by the shelter zone are then mostly trapped in the latter and accumulate there, thus increasing the temperature inside the shelter zone but also on the walls of the inner chamber when provided. This greenhouse effect is even more important in an indoor room.
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La présente invention a ainsi pour objet de proposer un article de type tente ou abri permettant d'améliorer le confort thermique dans la zone d'abri, en particulier dans la chambre intérieure, tout en conservant un article léger, facile à fabriquer, pliable et présentant les caractéristiques de base d'un tel type d'article : imperméable à l'eau et perméable à l'air, résistant à l'abrasion et à la déchirure.The object of the present invention is therefore to propose an article of the tent or shelter type making it possible to improve the thermal comfort in the shelter zone, in particular in the interior chamber, while retaining a light article that is easy to manufacture, foldable and having the basic characteristics of such type of article: waterproof and breathable, resistant to abrasion and tearing.
La présente invention pallie les problèmes précités en ce qu'elle a pour objet un article du type tente ou abri comprenant un élément de toit recouvrant au moins partiellement une zone d'abri, ledit élément de toit comprenant un panneau souple principal ayant des faces externe et interne opposées, la face interne étant destinée en fonctionnement à être orientée au regard de ladite zone d'abri, la face externe étant quant à elle destinée en fonctionnement à être orientée au regard des rayons solaires.The present invention overcomes the aforementioned problems in that it relates to an article of the tent or shelter type comprising a roof element at least partially covering a shelter area, said roof element comprising a main flexible panel having outer faces and internal opposite, the inner face being intended in operation to be oriented with respect to said shelter zone, the outer face being for its intended purpose in operation to be oriented with respect to the sun rays.
De manière caractéristique, la face interne présente un taux d'émissivité (%) des rayons infra-rouges lointains inférieur au taux d'émissivité (%) des rayons infra-rouge lointains de la face externe, et la face externe est agencée en sorte de réfléchir les rayons solaires.Characteristically, the inner face has a far infra-red emissivity (%) ratio lower than the far infrared emissivity (%) of the outer face, and the outer face is arranged so that to reflect the sun's rays.
Avantageusement, la fraction du rayonnement solaire absorbé par l'élément de toit est ré-émis davantage dans l'ambiance que dans la zone d'abri. Cet effet technique permet d'atténuer fortement l'effet de serre observé dans l'état de la technique puisque moins de rayons infrarouges lointains vont être ré-émis dans la zone d'abri et seront susceptibles de s'accumuler. Ainsi, le rayonnement thermique dans la zone d'abri (sol, usagers, éventuellement parois de la chambre intérieure) est diminué et ainsi corrélativement la température radiante perçu par l'usager ce qui améliore son confort thermique.Advantageously, the fraction of the solar radiation absorbed by the roof element is re-emitted more in the atmosphere than in the shelter zone. This technical effect can greatly mitigate the greenhouse effect observed in the state of the art since less far infrared rays will be re-emitted in the shelter zone and will be likely to accumulate. Thus, the thermal radiation in the shelter zone (ground, users, possibly walls of the inner chamber) is decreased and thus correlatively the radiant temperature perceived by the user which improves its thermal comfort.
La combinaison des propriétés réfléchissantes de la face externe avec la différence d'émissivité entre les faces interne et externe du panneau principal permet d'atténuer encore l'effet de serre qui pourrait se produire dans la zone d'abri. En effet, une portion moins importante des rayons solaires incidents sera transmise puis ré-émise dans ladite zone d'abri, en particulier moins de rayonnement dans l'infra-rouge lointain sera susceptible de s'accumuler dans ladite zone. Le confort thermique de l'usager dans la zone d'abri est ainsi encore amélioré.The combination of reflective properties of the outer face with the difference in emissivity between the inner and outer faces of the main panel further mitigates the greenhouse effect that could occur in the shelter area. Indeed, a smaller portion of the incident solar rays will be transmitted and then re-transmitted in said shelter zone, in particular less radiation in the far infra-red will be likely to accumulate in said area. The thermal comfort of the user in the shelter area is thus further improved.
L'émissivité (ε) est la propriété de la surface d'un corps d'émettre de la chaleur par rayonnement, exprimée par le rapport entre l'énergie rayonnée par cette surface et celle rayonnée par un corps noir à la même température. Un corps noir est objet théorique qui absorbe tous les rayonnements électromagnétiques qu'il reçoit, à toutes les longueurs d'onde. Aucun rayonnement électromagnétique ne le traverse et aucun n'est réfléchi.Emissivity (ε) is the property of the surface of a body to emit heat by radiation, expressed by the ratio between the energy radiated by this surface and that radiated by a black body at the same temperature. A Blackbody is theoretical object that absorbs all the electromagnetic radiation that it receives, at all wavelengths. No electromagnetic radiation passes through it and none are reflected.
L'émissivité dépend ainsi de nombreux paramètres qui sont la température du corps en question, la direction du rayonnement, la longueur d'onde et surtout l'état de surface des faces interne et externe du panneau principal.The emissivity thus depends on numerous parameters which are the temperature of the body in question, the direction of the radiation, the wavelength and especially the surface state of the inner and outer faces of the main panel.
On comprend par réflexion le phénomène par lequel une onde tombant sur la surface de séparation de deux milieux de propagation doués de propriétés différentes retourne dans le milieu d'où elle provient, s'agissant en particulier du panneau souple principal, la face externe fait office de premier milieu tandis que l'air ambiant dans lequel débouche la face externe fait office de second milieu.The phenomenon by which a wave falling on the separation surface of two propagation media endowed with different properties returns to the medium from which it originates, in particular with regard to the main flexible panel, the external face serves as a reflection. in the middle while the ambient air into which the outer face opens acts as a second medium.
On comprend par transmission d'un rayonnement, le passage d'un rayonnement à travers un milieu, sans changement de longueur d'onde, en particulier à travers le panneau souple principal.Radiation transmission is understood to mean the passage of radiation through a medium, without wavelength change, in particular through the main flexible panel.
Les rayons solaires selon l'invention, couvrent le spectre solaire, lequel comprend notamment les rayons visibles, infra-rouges proches ainsi que les ultra-violets.The solar rays according to the invention cover the solar spectrum, which includes in particular visible, near infra-red and ultra-violet rays.
L'infra-rouge lointain (IRL) est une partie des rayons thermiques émis par les différents corps, tels que le sol, le panneau souple principal, une éventuelle chambre intérieure, des objets disposés dans la zone d'abri et enfin, et surtout, un ou plusieurs usagers disposés dans la zone d'abri. Les ondes dans l'infra-rouge lointain pénètrent la peau sans dommage et réchauffent les tissus du corps de l'usager de façon semblable au soleil mais sans la radiation nuisible des ultra-violets.The far infra-red (IRL) is a part of the thermal rays emitted by the different bodies, such as the floor, the main flexible panel, a possible interior chamber, objects arranged in the shelter area and finally, and most importantly , one or more users arranged in the shelter area. Deep infra-red waves penetrate the skin without damaging and heat the user's body tissues in a similar way to the sun but without the harmful ultraviolet radiation.
On comprend par infra-rouge lointains, tout rayonnement ayant des longueurs d'onde supérieure ou égale à 5µm.It is understood by far infrared, any radiation having wavelengths greater than or equal to 5 .mu.m.
On comprend par absorption d'un rayonnement, la pénétration, la rétention et l'assimilation dudit rayonnement dans l'épaisseur d'un matériau, dans le cas de la présente invention dans le panneau souple principal.It is understood by absorption of radiation, penetration, retention and assimilation of said radiation in the thickness of a material, in the case of the present invention in the main flexible panel.
Les taux de réflexion, transmission, et absorption se définissent comme la fraction du rayonnement incident, en particulier du rayonnement solaire, qui est respectivement réfléchie, transmise ou absorbée.Reflection, transmission, and absorption rates are defined as the fraction of incident radiation, in particular solar radiation, which is respectively reflected, transmitted or absorbed.
L'émissivité, la réflexion, la transmission, et l'absorption forment les propriétés radiatives du panneau souple principal.Emissivity, reflection, transmission, and absorption form the radiative properties of the main flexible panel.
On comprend, par ambiance, tout ce qui est disposé à l'extérieur de l'article selon l'invention ; la face externe est en particulier destinée en fonctionnement à être orientée vers les rayons émis par le soleil.It is understood, by atmosphere, all that is arranged outside the article according to the invention; the outer face is particularly intended in operation to be oriented towards the rays emitted by the sun.
Il convient de noter que la couleur de la face externe et/ou de la face interne n'influe pas sur les propriétés d'émissivité dans l'infra-rouge lointain du panneau souple principal. En effet, l'émissivité de la face externe blanche d'un panneau textile a été évaluée comme étant du même ordre que celle de la face externe colorée (par exemple orange ou verte) d'un autre panneau textile, à savoir de l'ordre de 83-85%.It should be noted that the color of the outer face and / or the inner face does not affect the emissivity properties in the far infra-red of the main flexible panel. Indeed, the emissivity of the white outer face of a textile panel has been evaluated to be of the same order as that of the colored outer surface (for example orange or green) of another textile panel, namely of the order of 83-85%.
L'article selon l'invention peut être une tente, de préférence dans ce cas, la tente comprend une chambre intérieure. L'article selon l'invention peut être également un abri comprenant un élément de toit, tel qu'un parasol, un parapluie, un auvent, un store.The article of the invention may be a tent, preferably in this case, the tent comprises an inner chamber. The article of the invention may also be a shelter comprising a roof element, such as an umbrella, an umbrella, an awning, a blind.
La face interne du panneau souple principal est en contact au moins localement avec une couche d'air, soit une couche d'air d'épaisseur minimum lorsque la zone d'abri comporte une chambre intérieure, soit directement dans le volume d'air de la zone d'abri.The inner face of the main flexible panel is in contact at least locally with an air layer, ie a layer of air of minimum thickness when the shelter zone comprises an inner chamber, or directly in the air volume of the shelter area.
Le taux d'émissivité dans l'infra-rouge lointain des faces interne et externe peut être mesuré selon la méthode décrite ci-après ou selon la norme NF EN 15976.The emissivity rate in the far infra-red of the inner and outer faces may be measured according to the method described below or according to standard NF EN 15976.
Les valeurs d'émissivité sont données dans le présent texte à +/- 3 points de pourcentage près.The emissivity values are given in the present text within +/- 3 percentage points.
La différence d'émissivité ε (%) entre la face interne et la face externe est de préférence au moins de 3 points de %, encore de préférence au moins de 6 points de %.The emissivity difference ε (%) between the inner face and the outer face is preferably at least 3 percentage points, more preferably at least 6 percentage points.
De préférence, le panneau souple principal est revêtu selon sa face interne et/ou externe d'un film polymère de base, en particulier ne comprenant aucun composant ayant des propriétés particulières d'émissivité ou de réflexion. Ce film polymère de base a pour fonction de boucher les pores de la face interne et/ou de la face externe du panneau principal, de l'aplanir et d'améliorer son drapé. Ce fil polymère de base contribue également à conférer au panneau souple principal des propriétés de résistance à l'abrasion et d'imperméabilité à l'eau. De préférence, le poids/m2 d'un film polymère de base est inférieur ou égal à 100 g/m2, de préférence inférieur ou égal à 50 g/m2, et encore de préférence inférieur ou égal à 10 g/m2. Pour le cas où le panneau souple principal comprend deux films polymère de base disposés respectivement sur ses faces interne et externe, la somme des poids/m2 des deux films est inférieure ou égale à 200 g/m2, de préférence inférieure ou égale à 100 g/m2, et encore de préférence inférieure ou égale à 20 g/m2.Preferably, the main flexible panel is coated on its inner and / or outer face of a base polymer film, in particular not including any component having particular properties of emissivity or reflection. This basic polymer film has the function of blocking the pores of the inner face and / or the outer face of the main panel, to smooth it and improve its drape. This thread The base polymer also helps to provide the main flexible board with abrasion resistance and water impermeability properties. Preferably, the weight / m 2 of a base polymer film is less than or equal to 100 g / m 2 , preferably less than or equal to 50 g / m 2 , and even more preferably less than or equal to 10 g / m 2 . In the case where the main flexible panel comprises two base polymer films disposed respectively on its inner and outer faces, the sum of the weights / m 2 of the two films is less than or equal to 200 g / m 2 , preferably less than or equal to 100 g / m 2 , and still preferably less than or equal to 20 g / m 2 .
Les valeurs de poids/m2 des films sont données dans le présent texte sur l'article fini lorsque les films sont secs (en particulier la phase solvant ou aqueuse de la composition liante d'enduction a été évaporée).The values of weight / m 2 of the films are given in the present text on the finished article when the films are dry (in particular the solvent or aqueous phase of the coating binder composition has been evaporated).
Dans une variante, le taux d'émissivité (%) des rayons infra-rouge lointains de la face interne est inférieur au moins de 10 points de %, de préférence inférieure au moins de 20 points de %, au taux d'émissivité (%) des rayons infra-rouge lointains de la face externe.In a variant, the emissivity (%) of the far infra-red rays of the internal face is less than at least 10 percentage points, preferably less than 20 percentage points, at the emissivity rate (% ) far infra-red rays of the outer face.
Plus la différence d'émissivité entre les faces externe et interne est importante, plus le rayonnement thermique dans la zone d'abri sera réduit, améliorant ainsi le confort thermique de l'usager.The greater the emissivity difference between the outer and inner faces, the greater the thermal radiation in the shelter zone will be reduced, thus improving the thermal comfort of the user.
Dans une variante, la zone d'abri comprend une chambre intérieure recouverte au moins partiellement par ledit élément de toit, ledit élément de toit et la chambre intérieure étant agencés en sorte d'être espacés au moins localement d'une distance (d) par une couche d'air, de préférence d'une distance (d) supérieure ou égale à 7 mm.In a variant, the shelter zone comprises an interior chamber at least partially covered by said roof element, said roof element and the interior chamber being arranged so as to be spaced at least locally by a distance (d) by a layer of air, preferably of a distance (d) greater than or equal to 7 mm.
Cette couche d'air disposée entre la face interne du panneau principal et la chambre intérieure est nécessaire afin de ne pas altérer les propriétés d'émissivité de ladite face interne et conserver l'atténuation de l'effet de serre observé dans la zone d'abri.This layer of air disposed between the inner face of the main panel and the inner chamber is necessary in order not to alter the emissivity properties of said inner face and to maintain the attenuation of the greenhouse effect observed in the zone of shelter.
La chambre intérieure est de préférence obtenue par l'assemblage d'un ou plusieurs panneaux souples pré-découpés, notamment des panneaux textiles.The inner chamber is preferably obtained by assembling one or more pre-cut flexible panels, in particular textile panels.
Lorsque l'article selon l'invention ne comprend pas de telle chambre intérieure, le panneau principal entrant dans la composition de l'élément de toit, est suspendu au-dessus de la zone d'abri, la face interne dudit panneau principal est ainsi en contact avec une couche d'air.When the article according to the invention does not include such an interior chamber, the main panel used in the composition of the roof element, is suspended above the shelter area, the inner face of said main panel is thus in contact with a layer of air.
La face externe du panneau principal étant destinée à être orientée directement au regard des rayons solaires, la face externe est en contact avec l'air ambiant qui forme ainsi en quelque sorte également une couche d'air à sa surface.The outer face of the main panel being intended to be oriented directly in view of the sun's rays, the outer face is in contact with the ambient air which thus also forms a kind of air layer on its surface.
Dans une variante, la face externe du panneau souple principale présente un taux de réflexion supérieure ou égale à 40%, mesuré selon la norme NF EN 410.In a variant, the external face of the main flexible panel has a reflection ratio of greater than or equal to 40%, measured according to standard NF EN 410.
Cette disposition permet encore d'améliorer l'effet recherché dans le cadre de l'invention à savoir diminuer la proportion des rayons solaires incidents transmise puis réémise dans la zone d'abri en sorte de limiter l'accumulation des rayons infra-rouges lointains de cette zone.This arrangement also makes it possible to improve the effect sought in the context of the invention, namely to reduce the proportion of incident solar rays transmitted and then re-emitted into the shelter zone so as to limit the accumulation of far infra-red rays of light. this zone.
Dans une variante, la face externe du panneau souple principal est revêtue au moins partiellement d'un premier composant réfléchissant, et la face interne est revêtue au moins partiellement d'un second composant, lesdits premier et second composants étant sélectionnés en sorte que ledit premier composant présente une émissivité des rayons infra-rouges lointains (%) supérieure à l'émissivité des rayons infra-rouges lointains (%) du second composant.In a variant, the outer face of the main flexible panel is at least partially coated with a first reflecting component, and the inner face is at least partially coated with a second component, said first and second components being selected so that said first component component has a far infra-red emissivity (%) greater than the emissivity of the far infra-red rays (%) of the second component.
Dans une variante, le premier composant et le second composant sont des particules métalliques, éventuellement oxydées.In a variant, the first component and the second component are metal particles, optionally oxidized.
Dans une variante, le premier composant est du dioxyde de titane et le second composant est une poudre d'aluminium ou d'argent.In a variant, the first component is titanium dioxide and the second component is an aluminum or silver powder.
Dans une variante, la face externe est revêtue au moins partiellement d'un premier film dans au moins un polymère et ledit premier composant, ledit film étant éventuellement coloré.In a variant, the external face is at least partially coated with a first film in at least one polymer and said first component, said film possibly being colored.
Le film peut être coloré par l'ajout d'un ou plusieurs pigments de couleur.The film can be colored by adding one or more color pigments.
De préférence, le film polymère de base est disposé entre le premier film et la face externe du panneau souple principal.Preferably, the base polymer film is disposed between the first film and the outer face of the main flexible panel.
Dans une variante, la face interne est revêtue au moins partiellement d'un second film dans au moins un polymère apte à rendre ladite face interne imperméable à l'eau, ledit second film comprenant éventuellement ledit second composant.In a variant, the inner face is at least partially coated with a second film in at least one polymer capable of rendering said inner surface impervious to water, said second film optionally comprising said second component.
De préférence, le film polymère de base est disposé entre la face interne et le second film.Preferably, the base polymer film is disposed between the inner face and the second film.
De préférence, le poids/m2 du premier film et/ou du second film est inférieur ou égal à 100 g/m2, de préférence inférieur ou égal à 50 g/m2, encore de préférence inférieur ou égal à 10 g/m2.Preferably, the weight / m 2 of the first film and / or the second film is less than or equal to 100 g / m 2 , preferably less than or equal to 50 g / m 2 , more preferably less than or equal to 10 g / m 2 .
Dans une variante, le polymère est choisi seul ou en combinaison parmi les polymères suivants : polytétrafluoroéthylène, polyuréthane, polyéthylène téréphtalate, éthyl vinyl acétate (EVA).In a variant, the polymer is chosen alone or in combination from the following polymers: polytetrafluoroethylene, polyurethane, polyethylene terephthalate, ethyl vinyl acetate (EVA).
Ledit polymère correspond à celui entrant dans la composition du film de base et/ou du premier film et/ou du second film.Said polymer corresponds to that used in the composition of the base film and / or the first film and / or the second film.
Ledit polymère correspond au liant de la composition liante solvantée ou aqueuse mise en oeuvre par enduction à l'aide par exemple de rouleau(x) lécheur(s) et de râcle(s) pour former lesdits films.Said polymer corresponds to the binder of the solvent or aqueous binder composition implemented by coating with the aid of, for example, a roller (s) and a sander (s) to form said films.
Dans une variante, la proportion en poids du premier composant dans ledit premier film est inférieure ou égale à 75%, de préférence inférieure ou égale à 50%.In a variant, the proportion by weight of the first component in said first film is less than or equal to 75%, preferably less than or equal to 50%.
Les valeurs précitées sont données sur l'article fini.The above values are given on the finished article.
De préférence, la proportion en poids du premier composant par rapport au poids total de la composition liante solvantée ou aqueuse destinée à former ledit premier film est inférieure ou égale à 25%, encore de préférence inférieure ou égale à 20%.Preferably, the proportion by weight of the first component relative to the total weight of the solvent or aqueous binder composition intended to form said first film is less than or equal to 25%, more preferably less than or equal to 20%.
Dans une variante, la proportion en poids du second composant dans le second film est inférieure ou égale à 75%, de préférence inférieure ou égale à 50%.In a variant, the proportion by weight of the second component in the second film is less than or equal to 75%, preferably less than or equal to 50%.
Les valeurs précitées sont données sur l'article fini.The above values are given on the finished article.
De préférence, la proportion en poids du second composant par rapport au poids total de la composition liante solvantée ou aqueuse destinée à former ledit second film est inférieure ou égale à 25%, encore de préférence inférieure ou égale à 15%, et encore de préférence inférieure ou égale à 10%.Preferably, the proportion by weight of the second component relative to the total weight of the solvent or aqueous binder composition intended to form said second film is less than or equal to 25%, more preferably less than or equal to 15%, and even more preferably less than or equal to 10%.
Dans les variantes de réalisation décrites ci-dessus, les premier et second films peuvent être obtenus par enduction d'une composition polymérique comprenant un polymère et respectivement le premier ou le second composant. L'enduction peut être effectuée de manière connue par un rouleau lécheur ou une râcle.In the embodiments described above, the first and second films may be obtained by coating a polymeric composition comprising a polymer and respectively the first or the second component. The coating can be carried out in a known manner by a nap roller or a rake.
Les premier et/ou second films peuvent également être laminés à chaud sur la face externe et/ou interne, respectivement, du panneau principal.The first and / or second films may also be hot rolled on the outer and / or inner side, respectively, of the main panel.
Dans une variante, la face interne est revêtue totalement ou partiellement d'un film métallisé, notamment un film aluminisé.In a variant, the inner face is totally or partially coated with a metallized film, in particular an aluminized film.
Dans ce cas, le film aluminisé peut être laminé à chaud selon tout ou partie de la face interne du panneau souple principal.In this case, the aluminized film may be hot rolled on all or part of the inner face of the main flexible panel.
Dans une variante, le panneau souple principal est un panneau textile.In a variant, the main flexible panel is a textile panel.
Les panneaux textiles décrits dans le présent texte peuvent être formés d'un ou plusieurs panneaux pré-découpé(s), formés à partir d'un ou plusieurs tissus et/ou nontissés et/ou tricots.The textile panels described herein may be formed of one or more pre-cut panels (s) formed from one or more fabrics and / or nonwovens and / or knits.
La présente invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture d'un exemple de réalisation, cité à titre non limitatif, et illustré par les figures décrites ci-après et annexées à la présente, dans lesquelles :
- La
figure 1 est une représentation schématique et en perspective d'un exemple d'article du type tente selon l'invention, - La
figure 2 est une représentation selon le plan de coupe II-II effectué à lafigure 1 , du panneau souple principal, - La
figure 3 est une représentation schématique de l'atténuation de l'effet de serre observé dans la zone d'abri de l'article décrit à lafigure 1 , et - La
figure 4 est un tableau illustrant les propriétés de transmission et de réflexion du rayonnement solaire ainsi que l'émissivité dans l'infra-rouge lointain de différents échantillons (n°2-4) de panneaux souples principaux comparativement à un panneau souple principal de l'état de la technique (échantillon 1).
- The
figure 1 is a diagrammatic representation in perspective of an example of an article of the tent type according to the invention, - The
figure 2 is a representation according to the sectional plane II-II made at thefigure 1 , of the main flexible panel, - The
figure 3 is a schematic representation of the attenuation of the greenhouse effect observed in the shelter zone of the article described infigure 1 , and - The
figure 4 is a table illustrating the transmission and reflection properties of solar radiation as well as the far-infrared emissivity of different samples (No. 2-4) of main flexible panels compared to a main flexible panel of the state of the technique (sample 1).
L'article du type tente 1, représenté à la
La face externe 4a du panneau souple principal 4 est agencée en sorte de réfléchir les rayons solaires, de préférence la face externe 4a présente un taux de réflexion supérieure ou égale à 40% (mesurée selon la norme NF EN 410).The
Dans cet exemple précis, la face externe 4a est revêtue d'un premier film polymère 7 comprenant des particules métalliques oxydées, de préférence du dioxyde de titane. La seconde face interne 4b est revêtue d'un second film polymère 8 comprenant des particules métalliques non oxydées, de préférence une poudre d'aluminium. Les premier et second films 7,8 polymères sont de préférence dans un ou plusieurs polymères sélectionnés parmi les polymères suivants : polyéthylène téréphtalate, polyuréthane, polytétrafluoroéthylène, éthylvinyl acétate.In this specific example, the
La
Dans une variante, la proportion en poids des premier et second composants respectivement dans les premier et second films diffèrent. Dans ce cas, la composition liante solvantée ou aqueuse destinée à former le premier film comprend par rapport à son poids total entre 15% et 20% en poids de TiO2, et la composition liante solvantée ou aqueuse destinée à former le second film comprend par rapport à son poids total entre 4% et 12% en poids de poudre d'argent.In a variant, the proportion by weight of the first and second components respectively in the first and second films differ. In this case, the solvent or aqueous binder composition intended to form the first film comprises, relative to its total weight, between 15% and 20% by weight of TiO 2 , and the solvent or aqueous binder composition intended to form the second film comprises, relative to its total weight between 4% and 12% by weight of silver powder.
Le taux d'absorption a été déduit des taux de transmission et de réflexion. Les taux de transmission, de réflexion et d'absorption sur le spectre solaire ont été mesurés par un rayonnement incident émis en direction de la face externe des échantillons à tester. Le taux d'émissivité dans l'infra-rouge lointain des faces interne et/ou externe a été mesurée selon une méthode de mesure décrite ci-dessous à l'aide d'un émissomètre de la marque INGLAS et ayant pour référence TIR 100-2.The absorption rate was deduced from the transmission and reflection rates. The transmission, reflection and absorption rates on the solar spectrum were measured by incident radiation emitted towards the outer face of the samples to be tested. The emissivity rate in the far infra-red of the inner and / or outer faces was measured according to a measurement method described below using an emissometer of INGLAS brand and having for reference TIR 100- 2.
Les valeurs de transmission, de réflexion et d'émissivité sont données à plus ou moins 3% près.The values of transmission, reflection and emissivity are given within plus or minus 3%.
De préférence, les valeurs de transmission et les valeurs de réflexion sont données respectivement à plus ou moins 1 point de % près et 2 points de % près.Preferably, the transmission values and the reflection values are respectively given plus or minus 1 percentage point and 2 percentage points respectively.
On observe ainsi que le taux d'émissivité de la face externe d'un panneau de l'état de la technique est élevé puisqu'il est de 80%. Le taux d'émissivité de la face externe de l'échantillon n° 2 est faible puisqu'il est de 55%, ainsi que la transmission des rayons sur le spectre solaire est également faible puisqu'elle est de 7%. Le taux d'émissivité de la face externe de l'échantillon n° 3 est élevé puisque de 79% et proche de celui de l'échantillon n°1 de l'état de la technique mais présente une bonne réflexion des rayons solaires puisque celle-ci est de 44%.It is thus observed that the emissivity rate of the outer face of a panel of the state of the art is high since it is 80%. The emissivity rate of the outer face of sample No. 2 is low since it is 55%, and the transmission of radiation on the solar spectrum is also low since it is 7%. The emissivity rate of the external face of the sample No. 3 is high since it is 79% and close to that of the sample No. 1 of the state of the art but has a good reflection of the solar rays since that it's 44%.
Les taux d'émissivité des faces internes des échantillons N° 1, 2 et 3 sont théoriquement du même ordre puisque qu'aucune de ces faces internes n'est revêtue d'un film comprenant un composant ayant une fonction de réflexion ou d'émissivité particulière. L'émissivité des faces internes des échantillons N° 1, 2 et 3 est ainsi du même ordre que celle mesurée pour la face externe de l'échantillon n°1, à savoir 80% à plus ou moins 3 % près. Ainsi, l'émissivité des faces internes et externes des échantillons N°1 et N°3 sont du même ordre, tandis que l'émissivité de la face interne de l'échantillon N°2, de l'ordre de 80% à plus ou moins 3% près, est nettement supérieure à celle de la face externe revêtue d'un film comprenant des particules en aluminium, laquelle est de 55% à plus ou moins 3% près.The emissivity rates of the internal faces of samples Nos. 1, 2 and 3 are theoretically of the same order since none of these internal faces is coated with a film comprising a component having a reflection or emissivity function. special. The emissivity of the internal faces of samples Nos. 1, 2 and 3 is thus of the same order as that measured for the external face of sample No. 1, namely 80% to plus or minus 3%. Thus, the emissivity of the inner and outer faces of the samples No. 1 and No. 3 are of the same order, while the emissivity of the internal face of the sample No. 2, of the order of 80% to more or less than 3%, is significantly higher than that of the outer face coated with a film comprising aluminum particles, which is 55% to plus or minus 3%.
Le taux d'émissivité de la face interne 4b du panneau souple principal 4 (échantillon n°4) est de 58% ce qui est inférieur au moins de 20 points de pourcentage au taux d'émissivité de 83% de la face externe 4a.The emissivity rate of the
En fonctionnement, les rayons solaires incidents 9 arrivent sur la face externe 4a du panneau principal 4, une partie 10 de ces rayons est réfléchie, une autre partie 11 est absorbée, et enfin une dernière partie 12 est transmise. Ainsi, la proportion des rayons solaires transmis 12 dans la tente 1 (de l'ordre de 8%) est plus faible que dans l'état de la technique (de l'ordre de 34%) car la face externe 4a est agencée en sorte de réfléchir les rayons solaires. Les rayons transmis 12 dans la zone d'abri 3, tel que cela est visible à la
Une étude en soufflerie climatique sur l'article du type tente 1 décrit dans les
Il est à noter que les capacités d'émission du rayonnement solaire de la soufflerie climatique dans laquelle été réalisé cet essai étaient limitées à 600 watts/m2 au sol, alors que les conditions d'usage en plein été avec un ciel entièrement dégagé seraient à rapprocher d'une émission de 800-1000 watts/m2 au sol. La réduction du rayonnement thermique ainsi que de la température radiante par rapport à l'état de la technique devrait encore être plus important pour ces conditions d'usage.It should be noted that the emission capacity of the solar radiation of the climatic wind tunnel in which this test was carried out was limited to 600 watts / m 2 on the ground, whereas the conditions of use in full summer with an entirely clear sky would be to be compared to an emission of 800-1000 watts / m 2 on the ground. The reduction of the thermal radiation as well as the radiant temperature compared to the state of the art should be even more important for these conditions of use.
Les taux d'émissivité dans l'infra-rouge lointain décrits dans le cadre de la présente invention peuvent être mesurés selon la norme européenne EN 15976 ou encore selon la méthode d'essai décrite ci-après.The far infrared emissivity levels described in the context of the present invention can be measured according to the European standard EN 15976 or else according to the test method described hereinafter.
Cette méthode est une mesure indirecte de l'émissivité, et plus particulièrement de l'émissivité hémisphérique. Ainsi, un corps noir hémisphérique, à une température de 100°C, rayonne vers une face donnée d'un échantillon dont on souhaite mesurer l'émissivité. La portion réfléchie du flux thermique par ladite face de l'échantillon est alors mesurée à l'aide d'un émissomètre. L'émissivité est ainsi déduite de la loi de Kirchoff de conservation de l'énergie : (1=tau + alpha +rho), dans laquelle tau est le coefficient de transmission, rho est le coefficient de réflectivité et alpha est le coefficient d'absorption. Partant du postulat que les panneaux souples principaux des échantillons 1 à 4 sont opaques au rayonnement infra-rouge lointain, tau est nul dans cette gamme de longueur d'onde (correspond donc à l'infra-rouge lointain). On considère de plus que la longueur d'onde est monochromatique car l'on se place dans l'infra-rouge lointain pour la réflexion et l'émissivité de sorte que l'émissivité (epsilon) est égale à la valeur alpha dans la loi de Kirchoff énoncée ci-dessus, ainsi l'émissivité vaut 1-rho. La mesure de l'émissivité est effectuée avec un émissomètre TIR100-2 de la marque INGLAS. Deux étalons de faible émissivité et de forte émissivité, respectivement, sont utilisés au préalable pour calibrer la méthode de mesure. On mesure ainsi plus précisément l'émissivité hémisphérique des rayons infra-rouges lointains, qui correspond effectivement à la production de chaleur radiante.This method is an indirect measure of emissivity, and more particularly of hemispheric emissivity. Thus, a hemispherical black body, at a temperature of 100 ° C., radiates towards a given face of a sample whose emissivity it is desired to measure. The reflected portion of the heat flux by said face of the sample is then measured using an emissometer. The emissivity is thus deduced from Kirchoff's law of conservation of energy: (1 = tau + alpha + rho), where tau is the transmission coefficient, rho is the reflectivity coefficient and alpha is the coefficient of absorption. Starting from the assumption that the main soft panels of samples 1 to 4 are opaque to far infrared radiation, tau is zero in this wavelength range (thus corresponds to the far infra-red). We also consider that the wavelength is monochromatic because we place ourselves in the far infra-red for reflection and emissivity so that the emissivity (epsilon) is equal to the alpha value in the law from Kirchoff stated above, so the emissivity is worth 1-rho. The measurement of the emissivity is carried out with a TIR100-2 emissometer of the mark INGLAS. Two standards of low emissivity and high emissivity, respectively, are used beforehand to calibrate the measurement method. The hemispherical emissivity of the far infra-red rays is thus more accurately measured, which effectively corresponds to the production of radiant heat.
Claims (14)
- An article (1) of the tent or shelter type including a roof element (2) at least partially covering a shelter area (3), said roof element including a flexible main panel (4) having opposite outer (4a) and inner (4b) faces, the inner face (4b) being intended during operation to be oriented across from said shelter area (3), the outer face (4a) being intended during operation to be oriented across from the sun's rays, characterized in that the inner face (4b) has an emissivity rate (%) of far infrared rays lower than the emissivity rate (%) of far infrared rays of the outer face (4a), and in that the outer face (4a) is arranged so as to reflect the solar rays.
- The article (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the emissivity rate (%) of the far infrared rays of the inner face (4b) is less than at least 10 % points, preferably less than at least 20 % points, at the emissivity rate (%) of the far infrared rays of the outer face (4a).
- The article (1) according to either of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the shelter area (3) includes an inner room (5) at least partially covered by said roof element (2), said roof element (2) and the inner room (5) being arranged so as to be spaced apart at least locally by a distance (d) by a layer of air (6), preferably by a distance (d) greater than or equal to 7 mm.
- The article (1) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the outer face (4a) of the main flexible panel has a reflection rate greater than or equal to 40%, measured according to standard NF EN 410.
- The article (1) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the outer face (4a) of the main flexible panel (4) is at least partially coated with a first reflective component, and the inner face (4b) is at least partially coated with a second component, said first and second components being selected such that said first component has an emissivity of far infrared rays (%) greater than the emissivity of the far infrared rays (%) of the second component.
- The article (1) according to claim 5, characterized in that the first component and the second component are metal particles, optionally oxidized.
- The article (1) according to either of claims 5 and 6, characterized in that the first component is titanium dioxide and the second component is a powder of aluminum or silver.
- The article according to one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that the outer face (4a) is at least partially coated with a first film (7) of a first polymer and said first component, said film (7) optionally being colored.
- The article (1) according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the inner face is at least partially coated with a second film (8) in at least one polymer capable of making said inner face impermeable to water, said second film optionally including said second component.
- The article (1) according to either of claims 8 and 9, characterized in that the polymer is chosen alone or in combination from among the following polymers: polytetrafluoroethylene, polyurethane, polyethylene terephthalate, ethyl vinyl acetate (EVA).
- The article (1) according to one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that the proportion by weight of the first component in said first film (7) is less than or equal to 75%, preferably less than or equal to 50%.
- The article according to one of claims 9 to 11, characterized in that the proportion by weight of the second component in the second film (8) is less than or equal to 75%, preferably less than or equal to 50%.
- The article (1) according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the inner face (4b) is completely or partially coated with a metallized film, in particular an aluminized film.
- The article (1) according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the main flexible panel (4) is a textile panel.
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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SI201230185T SI2721231T1 (en) | 2011-06-16 | 2012-06-14 | Article of the tent or shelter type |
PL12731571T PL2721231T3 (en) | 2011-06-16 | 2012-06-14 | Article of the tent or shelter type |
HRP20150397TT HRP20150397T1 (en) | 2011-06-16 | 2015-04-10 | Article of the tent or shelter type |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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FR1155264A FR2976608B1 (en) | 2011-06-16 | 2011-06-16 | TYPE OF TENT OR SHELTER |
PCT/FR2012/051332 WO2012172256A2 (en) | 2011-06-16 | 2012-06-14 | Article of the tent or shelter type |
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EP2721231A2 EP2721231A2 (en) | 2014-04-23 |
EP2721231B1 true EP2721231B1 (en) | 2015-01-14 |
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EP12731571.1A Active EP2721231B1 (en) | 2011-06-16 | 2012-06-14 | Article of the tent or shelter type |
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US (1) | US9371665B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2721231B1 (en) |
KR (1) | KR101567996B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN103597153B (en) |
BR (1) | BR112013030539B1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2534792T3 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2976608B1 (en) |
HR (1) | HRP20150397T1 (en) |
PL (1) | PL2721231T3 (en) |
PT (1) | PT2721231E (en) |
RS (1) | RS53955B1 (en) |
RU (1) | RU2559972C2 (en) |
SI (1) | SI2721231T1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2012172256A2 (en) |
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US8997767B2 (en) * | 2011-10-28 | 2015-04-07 | Richard W. Hotes | Multi-layer shelter insulation system |
US9340994B2 (en) * | 2012-08-28 | 2016-05-17 | Alaska Structures, Inc. | Portable shelter with outer vinyl and low emissivity layers |
US9702164B2 (en) * | 2012-10-17 | 2017-07-11 | Gary N. Benninger | Tent |
US10829889B1 (en) | 2014-01-24 | 2020-11-10 | Emisshield, Inc. | Thermal enhancement additives useful for fabrics |
FR3017149B1 (en) * | 2014-01-31 | 2016-02-19 | Decathlon Sa | SOLAR PROTECTION DEVICE |
FR3026728B1 (en) * | 2014-10-02 | 2018-12-14 | Decathlon | ISOTHERMAL ARTICLE, IN PARTICULAR SELF-SWELLING AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING SUCH ISOTHERMAL ARTICLE |
US10145139B2 (en) * | 2015-02-13 | 2018-12-04 | Innovative Outdoor Solutions, Inc. | Insulating fabric for outdoor activity shelters |
FR3035907B1 (en) * | 2015-05-07 | 2018-01-26 | Application Des Gaz | ROOF AND / OR PARTITION ELEMENT FOR TENT TYPE ARTICLE HAVING OPAQUE FILM |
US10299462B1 (en) * | 2015-09-23 | 2019-05-28 | Mark Hartelius | Collapsible pet house |
US9890555B1 (en) * | 2016-07-07 | 2018-02-13 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Portable shelter |
SG10201605646PA (en) * | 2016-07-11 | 2018-02-27 | Yeang Jason | A shelter and a method of forming the same. |
RU2645038C1 (en) * | 2016-09-07 | 2018-02-15 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Национальный исследовательский Московский государственный строительный университет" (НИУ МГСУ) | Tent with high level of safety |
KR101925433B1 (en) * | 2018-04-12 | 2018-12-06 | 주식회사 아이두젠 | Fly for one touch tent |
USD858675S1 (en) * | 2018-06-26 | 2019-09-03 | Huangshan City Huilingyang Outdoor Products Co. | Tent |
USD872208S1 (en) * | 2018-12-03 | 2020-01-07 | Wenjie Zhu | Tent |
USD916223S1 (en) * | 2020-08-21 | 2021-04-13 | Guangzhou Sidianjin Trading Co., Ltd. | Tent |
TWD219811S (en) * | 2020-12-10 | 2022-07-11 | 南韓商全球無限股份有限公司 | tent |
USD989903S1 (en) * | 2020-12-10 | 2023-06-20 | Seung Woo Seo | Tent |
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CN1072559C (en) * | 1995-04-11 | 2001-10-10 | W·L·戈尔及同仁股份有限公司 | Infrared reflective coverings |
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DE10160569A1 (en) * | 2001-12-10 | 2003-06-26 | Bayer Ag | Laminate used as foil, panel e.g. partition or roofing, pipe for liquid or gas transport or building profile, has transparent thermoplastic or lacquer layer with UV absorber, thermoplastic layer with colorant and thermoplastic layer |
DE20306171U1 (en) * | 2003-04-17 | 2003-07-03 | Pozzi Carlo Maurizio | Awning canvas for a trailer or a similar item contains metal powder distributed at least within certain parts of its volume |
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2011
- 2011-06-16 FR FR1155264A patent/FR2976608B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2012
- 2012-06-14 PL PL12731571T patent/PL2721231T3/en unknown
- 2012-06-14 RS RS20150251A patent/RS53955B1/en unknown
- 2012-06-14 CN CN201280027718.9A patent/CN103597153B/en active Active
- 2012-06-14 WO PCT/FR2012/051332 patent/WO2012172256A2/en active Application Filing
- 2012-06-14 KR KR1020137033386A patent/KR101567996B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2012-06-14 RU RU2013154087/03A patent/RU2559972C2/en active
- 2012-06-14 US US14/122,254 patent/US9371665B2/en active Active
- 2012-06-14 PT PT127315711T patent/PT2721231E/en unknown
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- 2012-06-14 BR BR112013030539-8A patent/BR112013030539B1/en active IP Right Grant
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KR20140033134A (en) | 2014-03-17 |
KR101567996B1 (en) | 2015-11-10 |
CN103597153A (en) | 2014-02-19 |
ES2534792T3 (en) | 2015-04-28 |
EP2721231A2 (en) | 2014-04-23 |
WO2012172256A3 (en) | 2013-02-28 |
US9371665B2 (en) | 2016-06-21 |
US20140190540A1 (en) | 2014-07-10 |
WO2012172256A2 (en) | 2012-12-20 |
CN103597153B (en) | 2016-01-13 |
PT2721231E (en) | 2015-05-18 |
HRP20150397T1 (en) | 2015-05-08 |
RU2559972C2 (en) | 2015-08-20 |
BR112013030539B1 (en) | 2020-12-22 |
BR112013030539A2 (en) | 2017-03-01 |
FR2976608B1 (en) | 2015-05-15 |
RS53955B1 (en) | 2015-08-31 |
PL2721231T3 (en) | 2015-06-30 |
RU2013154087A (en) | 2015-06-10 |
SI2721231T1 (en) | 2015-05-29 |
FR2976608A1 (en) | 2012-12-21 |
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