EP2718567B1 - Torsionsantriebskompressor mit freiem kolben - Google Patents

Torsionsantriebskompressor mit freiem kolben Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2718567B1
EP2718567B1 EP12725537.0A EP12725537A EP2718567B1 EP 2718567 B1 EP2718567 B1 EP 2718567B1 EP 12725537 A EP12725537 A EP 12725537A EP 2718567 B1 EP2718567 B1 EP 2718567B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
piston
compressor
motor
pistons
torsion
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP12725537.0A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2718567A1 (de
Inventor
Edo B. Wissink
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nederlandse Organisatie voor Toegepast Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek TNO
Original Assignee
Nederlandse Organisatie voor Toegepast Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek TNO
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Priority to EP12725537.0A priority Critical patent/EP2718567B1/de
Publication of EP2718567A1 publication Critical patent/EP2718567A1/de
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Publication of EP2718567B1 publication Critical patent/EP2718567B1/de
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B11/00—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines without rotary main shaft, e.g. of free-piston type
    • F01B11/004—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines without rotary main shaft, e.g. of free-piston type in which the movement in the two directions is obtained by two single acting piston motors, each acting in one direction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B19/00—Machines or pumps having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B17/00
    • F04B19/003—Machines or pumps having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B17/00 free-piston type pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B35/00—Piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by the driving means to their working members, or by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors, not otherwise provided for
    • F04B35/04—Piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by the driving means to their working members, or by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors, not otherwise provided for the means being electric
    • F04B35/045—Piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by the driving means to their working members, or by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors, not otherwise provided for the means being electric using solenoids

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a free piston type compressor.
  • the invention further relates to an air conditioning system.
  • the invention further relates to a heat pump or liquid pump.
  • US32886911 which is considered to be the closest prior art, relates to compressors anti more specifically to reciprocating piston compressors driven by linear electric motors.
  • the compressor comprises a compressor comprising:
  • EP1903215 relates to an electromagnetic reciprocationg: fluid device comprising: a movable member having a permanent magnet and reciprocable along a predetermined axis, as well as an electromagnetic drive unit for driving the movable member along the predetermined axis.
  • a second piston is slidable relative to a second cylinder along a longitudinal axis of a second fixed cylinder which is parallel to and apart a predetermined distance from a longitudinal axis of the a fixed cylinder.
  • US5818131 discloses a reciprocating motor and/or a compressor using such a motor, comprising: two opposing magnetic driving members with coaxial poles; a reciprocating member, serving as a piston in the compressor, with magnetic poles disposed movably between and coaxial with said driving members; and means for energizing said driving members and/or reciprocationg member to generate an alternating electromagnetic field therebetween; wherein said poles of each said driving member include an outer one of a first polarity and an inner one of a second polarity located within said outer one, and said reciprocating member has complimentary poles arranged therebetween to form a push-and-pull driving force pair for said reciprocationg member to reciurocate.
  • US4002935 discloses a linear motor which employs a pair of axially spaced permanent magnets providing magnetic fields which actuate an energized moving coil coupled to provide an oscillatory output.
  • the pair of annular permanent magnets are utilized in a unique manner to provide spaced first and second substantially annular poles having opposite polarities.
  • the pair of annular magnets are maintained in a fixed, axially spaced orientation by a supporting structure which also providers a magnetic circuit between the pair of magnets.
  • Movable coil means is supported for axial movement by the supporting means and is radially spaced from the first and second annular poles.
  • the coil means includes a first coil notion which is magnetically coupled with the first annular pole and a second coil portion magnetically coupled with the second annular bole.
  • An alternating current source is electrically connected through input means to the coil means to provide the oscillatory output.
  • US6379125 relates to a linear compressor which compresses and externally supplies gas by driving a piston fit within a cylinder to move back and forth by a linear motor.
  • a linear compressor for generating a compressed gas includes two pairs of pistons and cylinders provided coaxially and facing opposite to each other, a shaft provided with a piston at each of its both ends, an elastic member coupled to the shaft for retuning the piston departed from the neutral point to the neutral point, and a linear motor for forcing the shaft to axially move back and forth to generate a compressed gas alternately by the two pairs of pistons and cylinders.
  • WO0031418 discloses a reciprocating compressor with a linear motor, comprising a cylinder; a pair of pistons provided inside the cylinder and axially_ aligned to each other; a linear motor driving the pistons in opposite directions; a suction valve provided in at least one of the pistons, controlling the gas admission to the inside of the cylinder; and a discharge valve provided in order to control the discharge of the gas admitted inside the cylinder, at least one of the pistons being provided, on its top face, with a respective discharge valve, in order to control the axial discharge of the gas through said piston.
  • the free piston type torsion drive compressor comprises a first piston and a second piston interconnected with a torsion body and elastic bending elements, said first piston and said second piston being driven by a first motor and a second motor by applying force in opposite circumferential directions, so that in use the first piston and second piston displace along a displacement direction wherein the said motors drive the first piston and the second piston in said opposite circumferential directions transversal to the displacement direction.
  • the compressor according to the invention comprises two opposite moving pistons which are adapted to move with substantially the same speed. More in particular, it is found that when the pistons are connected with elastic elements a rotational displacement of the pistons is translated into axial displacement accurately.
  • a free piston type compressor/pump it may comprise the first piston and the second piston, positioned in opposite sides and both connected to a torsion body and elastic bending elements.
  • the torsion body may comprise a central torsion rod encircled by a set of elastic bending elements for controlling the axial displacement.
  • the pistons are driven by the motor(s) which causes them to rotate with alternating direction with a frequency, which is equal to the natural frequency of the mechanical assembly of the pistons and the torsion body.
  • the motor(s) drive the motion by applying driving force in circumference direction. This means the motor(s) takes care for continuous natural torsion vibration.
  • the elastic elements, also connected to the piston convert this alternating rotational displacement in an alternating axial displacement of the piston, which may also be referred to as 'a piston stroke'. Accordingly, movement of the piston has a rotating component (the driving direction) and an axial component (the stroke). The speed of rotation is higher than the axial speed. Pistons move in axially opposite directions during operation. During operation the torsion body and the elastic bending elements undergo an elastic deformation. In Future embodiments the torsion bar and the elastic bending elements may be integrated.
  • First embodiment is the use of two motors. Each piston is directly driven by its own motor and the piston is an integrated part of the electromotor, called the rotor.
  • second embodiment of the drive system is the use of single central positioned motor. The motor is positioned in between the pistons.
  • the first motor and the second motor may be adapted to rotate with the same frequency having the opposite phases. This results in an opposite axial movement of the pistons.
  • This technical measure is based on the insight that when the first motor and the second motor are adapted to rotate with the same frequency having the opposite phases for both translation and rotation, the overall vibration of the compressor is very small.
  • the motor is positioned centrally between the pistons, whereby each motor side is provided with its own torsion bar and elastic bending elements connected to the piston.
  • the first piston and the second piston are adapted to rotate with the same frequency having synchronous phases. Both pistons move in opposite phase to the central motor. This results in an opposite axial movement of the pistons.
  • the stroke of the compressor is mechanically controlled, which is advantageous. More in particular, it is found that the speed of rotation of the compressor according to the invention is much higher that the speed of translation. Accordingly, a relatively small motor(s) may be used. This may substantially reduce the manufacturing costs of the compressor according to the invention.
  • the torsion based compressor may have the following additional advantages:
  • the motors of the compressor according to the invention may be adapted to deliver a substantially limited force or energy for compensating for the energy loss of the compression process. Accordingly, the efficiency of the compressor of the invention is increased.
  • the compressor comprises two opposite interconnected pistons, where each piston is also part of the electromotor, the rotor.
  • a first connection element is a torsion body provided in the centre to control the torsion stiffness.
  • An exemplar embodiment is given in Figure 2 .
  • a second connection element may comprise a set of flexible rods, required to control the axial movement of the pistons.
  • Flexible rods may be provided to transform the rotation to a controlled translation in accordance with the invention.
  • Figure 4 shows the torsion drive system positioned in a cylinder liner with the static parts of the motors (windings).
  • the air conditioning system comprises a free piston type compressor according to any one of the preceding claims.
  • FIG. 1 presents in a schematic way an embodiment of the compressor with a central positioned motor.
  • the compressor 10 according to the invention comprises a first free piston 2a and a second free piston 2b interconnected by a torsion body 3a and 3b, and elastic bending element 4a and 4b to the central electromotor 5.
  • the driving force is applied transversely to the direction of the expected displacement D of the first free piston and the second free piston.
  • the capacity of such compressor may easily be adjusted by adjusting the vibration amplitude, by changing driving power/amplitude of the torsion vibration.
  • the movement of the pistons 2a, 2b in the direction D is enabled by opposite driving directions of the motor
  • the motor 5 rotates with a substantially the same frequency having the opposite phases of the pistons.
  • the motors thus couple the driving force to the pistons via the torsion body 3a, 3b.
  • the torsion rods are implemented from a material which undergoes elastic deformation when driven by the motor.
  • the opposite phase of the motor with the piston enables a well-balanced design.
  • Dead volume reduces the volumetric efficiency, especially at high compression ratios.
  • a principal disadvantage of a linear motor known from the prior art is that it has to change direction instead of continued rotation.
  • the motor is directly coupled to the piston, so the translation speed equals the piston speed.
  • the average speed of the piston of a refrigeration compressor is low, typically 2 m/s for a small commercially available compressor up to 5.5 m/s for a large industrial compressor.
  • a free piston type torsion drive compressor (or pump) is provided, wherein the dead volume is mechanically controlled and wherein the engine speed of the electromotor exceeds the piston speed.
  • the principle of the torsion drive is based on the reduction of the length of a straight flexible elements in X-direction, when it is loaded.
  • the pistons When two pistons are connected by a straight flexible element, the pistons create a sliding guide which allows substantially no rotation. Loading causes bending of the flexible (elastic) element. Loading gives vertical displacement ⁇ y and an axial displacement ⁇ x, which is a second order effect. This has a number of advantageous properties:
  • the torsion drive technology uses the elastic properties of dynamically loaded components. At maximum capacity the material stress is found to be well below the fatigue limit. This means that the elastic elements and the torsion bar have substantially unlimited lifetime.
  • the technology can be combined with common valve plates. It is also mentioned that the lifetime of the compressor is not limited by the frequency of the start/stop cycles.
  • Figure 2 , 3 and 4 present in a schematic way an embodiment of the compressor having integrated electro motors.
  • the pistons are part of the electromotor, the rotors.
  • the pistons are connected by a torsion bar in the center, see 23, which may be encircled by a set of elastic rods 33 required to control the displacement of both pistons 21, 22 in Figure 2 or 31a, 31b in Figure 3 , respectively.
  • the first free piston 21 and the second free piston 22 are interconnected by a torsion body 23, which may be implemented as an elastic torsion spring. It will be appreciated that other per se known embodiments of an elastic spring may be used. For the clarity reasons the complete motors driving the torsion body are not depicted.
  • the free pistons 21, 22 when the alternating driving force is applied to the torsion body 23 the free pistons 21, 22 will rotate to and fro and translate back and forth along the translation direction D which is substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis L of the compressor 20.
  • Figure 3 shows the sets of elastic rods controlling the movement of the pistons.
  • view 30a a shortening of the compressor is illustrated upon the elastic bending of the rods 33 driven by the torsion force by the electromotor on the pistons.
  • the free pistons will rotate and translate in the opposite directions as is depicted by the respective arrows.
  • FIG 30c a second shortened condition of the compressor is shown when the free pistons 31a, 31b are driven by the torsion force of the electro motors in opposite direction with respect to the direction shown in view 30a.
  • the weight of the piston, or more particularly, the torsion inertia of the pistons, and the stiffness of the torsion bar are selected so that the natural torsion vibrating frequency equals about 50 Hz. This substantially improves operating parameters of the device according to the invention.
  • Figure 4 presents schematically a complete design of the torsion drive compressor 40 according to a further aspect of the invention.
  • the torsion bar 47 is cooperating with the elastic elements 45.
  • the compressor has a fully symmetrical design in both the static and the dynamic modes.
  • the compressor comprises two integrated oscillating electromotors, wherein the piston is arranged as a rotor with integrated permanent magnets 48.
  • the stator windings are schematically given by 41.
  • the motors may be canned motors.
  • the stator windings are physically separated from the refrigerant/liquid by a cylinder liner. This has an advantage that in the case of application as compressor, it is suitable for operating with different refrigerants, including ammonia.
  • the cylinder liner 43 encloses all moving components, except the valve plates 49.
  • the cylinder liner is part of the hermetically sealed outer shell of the compressor.
  • the compressor according to the invention may operate with a refrigeration capacity of 0.5 to 5 kW. This corresponds to a compressor with an effective length of 500 mm and a piston diameter of 65mm.
  • the compressor is hermetic, oil free, compatible with all refrigerants and has a step less capacity from 0 to 100%. This combination is very useful for application with natural refrigerants and enables new combinations of technologies, gas compression and sorption cycles.
  • the torsion drive compressor is able to increase the efficiency of the compressor itself and of an overall system using the compressor.
  • the low internal friction, the step less capacity control, the absence of a frequency controller and other part load losses gives a significantly improved energetic efficiency of the compressor.
  • the efficiency of the system will be increased by the used of a natural refrigerant like ammonia and the absence of oil. As oil free system has the following positive effects"
  • hybrid heat pimps based on vapor compression and absorption technology. Sorption cycles do not function properly with oil circulating in the system, so the absence of oil is advantageous.
  • the hybrid pump may be used to increase efficiency and application range of the compressor. As it may use two independent energy sources (electric and heat), it is easier for heat pumps of the type discussed above to handle peak loads.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Compressors, Vaccum Pumps And Other Relevant Systems (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Kompressor (10) mit freiem Kolben, umfassend einen ersten Kolben (2a) und einen zweiten Kolben (2b) verbunden mit einem Torsionskörper (3a, 3b) und elastischen Biegeelementen (4a, 4b), wobei der erste Kolben (2a) und der zweite Kolben (2b) von einem ersten Motor (5) und einem zweiten Motor (5) angetrieben werden durch Anwenden von Kraft in entgegengesetzte Umfangsrichtungen, sodass, bei Verwendung, der erste Kolben (2a) und der zweite Kolben (2b) sich entlang einer Verschieberichtung (D) verschieben, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Motoren den ersten Kolben (2a) und den zweiten Kolben (2b) in die entgegengesetzten Umfangsrichtungen quer zu der Verschieberichtung (D) antreiben.
  2. Kompressor (10) nach Anspruch 1, mit einem integrierten Motor (5), wobei der Torsionskörper (3a, 3b) eine mittlere Torsionsstange (3a, 3b), umgeben von einem Satz elastischer Stangen (4a, 4b) zur Steuerung der Verschiebung, umfasst.
  3. Kompressor (10) nach Anspruch 1, mit einem mittig positioniert integrierten Motor (5), wobei jeder Kolben (2a, 2b) mit seinem eigenen Satz an Torsionsstangen (3a, 3b) und elastischen Biegeelementen (4a, 4b) verbunden ist, wobei im Betriebszustand sich der Motor (5) in eine entgegengesetzte Phase wie die beiden Kolben (2a, 2b) bewegt.
  4. Kompressor (10) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei der erste Motor (5) und der zweite Motor (5) geeignet sind, um sich mit derselben Frequenz mit entgegengesetzten Phasen zu drehen.
  5. Kompressor (10) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei Rotoren der jeweiligen Motoren (5) mit den jeweiligen freien Kolben (2a, 2b) integriert sind.
  6. Kompressor (10) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei der Torsionskörper (3a, 3b) geeignet ist, einer elastischen Verformung unterzogen zu werden.
  7. Klimatisierungssystem, umfassend einen Kompressor (10) mit freiem Kolben nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche.
  8. Wärme- oder Flüssigkeitspumpe, umfassend einen Kompressor (10) mit freiem Kolben nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche 1-6.
EP12725537.0A 2011-05-23 2012-05-23 Torsionsantriebskompressor mit freiem kolben Not-in-force EP2718567B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP12725537.0A EP2718567B1 (de) 2011-05-23 2012-05-23 Torsionsantriebskompressor mit freiem kolben

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP11167100A EP2527653A1 (de) 2011-05-23 2011-05-23 Kolbenverdichter mit freiem Kolben
PCT/NL2012/050357 WO2012161575A1 (en) 2011-05-23 2012-05-23 A free piston type torsion drive compressor
EP12725537.0A EP2718567B1 (de) 2011-05-23 2012-05-23 Torsionsantriebskompressor mit freiem kolben

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2718567A1 EP2718567A1 (de) 2014-04-16
EP2718567B1 true EP2718567B1 (de) 2015-07-29

Family

ID=46208135

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP11167100A Withdrawn EP2527653A1 (de) 2011-05-23 2011-05-23 Kolbenverdichter mit freiem Kolben
EP12725537.0A Not-in-force EP2718567B1 (de) 2011-05-23 2012-05-23 Torsionsantriebskompressor mit freiem kolben

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP11167100A Withdrawn EP2527653A1 (de) 2011-05-23 2011-05-23 Kolbenverdichter mit freiem Kolben

Country Status (3)

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US (1) US20140099216A1 (de)
EP (2) EP2527653A1 (de)
WO (1) WO2012161575A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2921704A1 (de) 2014-03-17 2015-09-23 Nederlandse Organisatie voor toegepast- natuurwetenschappelijk onderzoek TNO Flüssigkeitspumpe mit freiem Kolben
CN112324563B (zh) * 2020-09-27 2022-01-07 山东休普动力科技股份有限公司 一种双绕组自由活塞直线发电机及控制方法

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1099223A (en) * 1964-09-04 1968-01-17 British Oxygen Co Ltd Compressors
US4002935A (en) * 1975-05-15 1977-01-11 A. O. Smith Corporation Reciprocating linear motor
JPH04121477U (ja) 1991-04-16 1992-10-29 サンデン株式会社 フリーピストン型コンプレツサー
WO1998001675A1 (fr) * 1996-07-09 1998-01-15 Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. Compresseur lineaire
US5818131A (en) * 1997-05-13 1998-10-06 Zhang; Wei-Min Linear motor compressor and its application in cooling system
BR9805280A (pt) * 1998-11-24 2000-06-06 Brasil Compressores Sa Compressor alternativo com motor linear
JP4603433B2 (ja) * 2005-07-11 2010-12-22 日東工器株式会社 電磁往復動流体装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2527653A1 (de) 2012-11-28
EP2718567A1 (de) 2014-04-16
US20140099216A1 (en) 2014-04-10
WO2012161575A1 (en) 2012-11-29

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