EP2710171A2 - Wetting agent for electrolytic applications and use thereof - Google Patents
Wetting agent for electrolytic applications and use thereofInfo
- Publication number
- EP2710171A2 EP2710171A2 EP12728175.6A EP12728175A EP2710171A2 EP 2710171 A2 EP2710171 A2 EP 2710171A2 EP 12728175 A EP12728175 A EP 12728175A EP 2710171 A2 EP2710171 A2 EP 2710171A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- wetting agent
- application
- wetting
- surfactant
- galvanic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- -1 alkyl glycosides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920000136 polysorbate Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003139 biocide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229930182470 glycoside Natural products 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940068965 polysorbates Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000008051 alkyl sulfates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940045714 alkyl sulfonate alkylating agent Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- MGIYRDNGCNKGJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N isothiazolinone Chemical compound O=C1C=CSN1 MGIYRDNGCNKGJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000008052 alkyl sulfonates Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005599 alkyl carboxylate group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- YFSUTJLHUFNCNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N perfluorooctane-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F YFSUTJLHUFNCNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 28
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 9
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- YFSUTJLHUFNCNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-heptadecafluorooctane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F YFSUTJLHUFNCNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229940100555 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 5
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- BEGLCMHJXHIJLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylisothiazolinone Chemical compound CN1SC=CC1=O BEGLCMHJXHIJLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229950008882 polysorbate Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 description 4
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N D-glucitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005246 galvanizing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000002335 preservative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 4
- JNYAEWCLZODPBN-JGWLITMVSA-N (2r,3r,4s)-2-[(1r)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]oxolane-3,4-diol Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1O JNYAEWCLZODPBN-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WBIQQQGBSDOWNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1S(O)(=O)=O WBIQQQGBSDOWNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229920001213 Polysorbate 20 Polymers 0.000 description 3
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000002280 amphoteric surfactant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003093 cationic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 3
- KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L chromic acid Substances O[Cr](O)(=O)=O KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- JOPOVCBBYLSVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(6+) Chemical class [Cr+6] JOPOVCBBYLSVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229940060296 dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- AWJWCTOOIBYHON-UHFFFAOYSA-N furo[3,4-b]pyrazine-5,7-dione Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=N1 AWJWCTOOIBYHON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000010486 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003871 sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- ZORQXIQZAOLNGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-difluorocyclohexane Chemical compound FC1(F)CCCCC1 ZORQXIQZAOLNGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YNDGLMYLSGEDHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,4,3-trioxathiane 3,3-dioxide Chemical compound O=S1(=O)OCCOO1 YNDGLMYLSGEDHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VUWCWMOCWKCZTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-thiazol-4-one Chemical class O=C1CSN=C1 VUWCWMOCWKCZTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PORQOHRXAJJKGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-3(2H)-isothiazolone Chemical compound CCCCCCCCN1SC(Cl)=C(Cl)C1=O PORQOHRXAJJKGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XZIIFPSPUDAGJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-chloro-2-n,2-n-diethylpyrimidine-2,4-diamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)C1=NC(N)=CC(Cl)=N1 XZIIFPSPUDAGJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-IOVATXLUSA-N D-xylopyranose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1COC(O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-IOVATXLUSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001219 Polysorbate 40 Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001214 Polysorbate 60 Polymers 0.000 description 2
- HVUMOYIDDBPOLL-XWVZOOPGSA-N Sorbitan monostearate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1O HVUMOYIDDBPOLL-XWVZOOPGSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJCWFDPJFXGQBN-RYNSOKOISA-N [(2R)-2-[(2R,3R,4S)-4-hydroxy-3-octadecanoyloxyoxolan-2-yl]-2-octadecanoyloxyethyl] octadecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)[C@H]1OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC IJCWFDPJFXGQBN-RYNSOKOISA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N arabinose Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C=O PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SRSXLGNVWSONIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 SRSXLGNVWSONIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940092714 benzenesulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- DMSMPAJRVJJAGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzo[d]isothiazol-3-one Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)NSC2=C1 DMSMPAJRVJJAGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-D-Pyranose-Lyxose Natural products OC1COC(O)C(O)C1O SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- DHNRXBZYEKSXIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloromethylisothiazolinone Chemical compound CN1SC(Cl)=CC1=O DHNRXBZYEKSXIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002016 disaccharides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- SMVRDGHCVNAOIN-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium;1-dodecoxydodecane;sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCOCCCCCCCCCCCC SMVRDGHCVNAOIN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- YRIUSKIDOIARQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl benzenesulfonate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 YRIUSKIDOIARQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl benzenesulfonate;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004043 dyeing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006266 etherification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011381 foam concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930182830 galactose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930182478 glucoside Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005660 hydrophilic surface Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002951 idosyl group Chemical class C1([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O1)CO)* 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UGKDIUIOSMUOAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron nickel Chemical compound [Fe].[Ni] UGKDIUIOSMUOAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000468 ketone group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000053 low toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012567 medical material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 1
- JPMIIZHYYWMHDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N octhilinone Chemical compound CCCCCCCCN1SC=CC1=O JPMIIZHYYWMHDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002898 organic sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentamethylene Natural products C1CCCC1 RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000256 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000244 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000249 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monopalmitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010483 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monopalmitate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001818 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010989 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001816 polyoxyethylene sorbitan tristearate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010988 polyoxyethylene sorbitan tristearate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940068977 polysorbate 20 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940101027 polysorbate 40 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940113124 polysorbate 60 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940099511 polysorbate 65 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940068968 polysorbate 80 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940113171 polysorbate 85 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WFRUBUQWJYMMRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium;1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-heptadecafluorooctane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F WFRUBUQWJYMMRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002453 shampoo Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940080264 sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019333 sodium laurylsulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000008234 soft water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001570 sorbitan monopalmitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011071 sorbitan monopalmitate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940031953 sorbitan monopalmitate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019337 sorbitan trioleate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960000391 sorbitan trioleate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000606 toothpaste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003420 transacetalization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002888 zwitterionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K23/00—Use of substances as emulsifying, wetting, dispersing, or foam-producing agents
- C09K23/56—Glucosides; Mucilage; Saponins
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K23/00—Use of substances as emulsifying, wetting, dispersing, or foam-producing agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
- C25D11/02—Anodisation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
- C25D11/38—Chromatising
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/04—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of chromium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/12—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of nickel or cobalt
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/22—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of zinc
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/30—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of tin
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/46—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of silver
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/48—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of gold
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/50—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of platinum group metals
Definitions
- the invention relates to a wetting agent for galvanic applications and its use.
- Galvanic processes for surface coatings on objects have long been known. Galvanic processes can give objects special functional and / or decorative surface properties, such as, for example, Hardness, corrosion resistance, metallic appearance, gloss etc.
- the metal is deposited on the cathode-connected object from a galvanic bath which contains at least the metal to be deposited as a salt in solution.
- the object to be coated usually consists of a metallic material. If the basic material
- CONFIRMATION COPY is not electrically conductive, a metallization of the surface is required.
- Galvanic baths containing, for example, nickel or chromium are used in technical applications mostly for the production of particularly hard mechanically resistant layers.
- chromium to articles is of particular technical relevance, this being done either for decorative applications or as a hardening coating of the articles in technical applications.
- decorative applications in particular a bright and highly reflective chromium layer is desired.
- the applied chromium layers should be wear-resistant, abrasion-resistant, heat-resistant and corrosion-resistant.
- Such chrome-plated objects are, for example, pistons, cylinders, liners or axle bearings.
- Galvanic plating is usually carried out in electroplating baths containing chromium (VI) salts and sulfuric acid using insoluble lead / antimony or lead / tin anodes.
- chromium (VI) salt in this case, in particular CrO3 is known.
- a major problem in galvanic applications such as chromium plating using chromium (VI) solutions, is gas evolution, particularly of hydrogen, due to the low efficiency of 15% -25%, and to a lesser extent, anodic oxygen evolution Formation of acidic, corrosive and sometimes also toxic spray mist leads. As a result of this evolution of gas, for example, a chromic acid mist is entrained, which is severely detrimental to health and requires intensive extraction of the surface of the galvanic bath.
- chromic acid mist surface-active substances are used in chromium plating baths, which reduces the surface tension to form a foam blanket used.
- surfactants are also referred to as wetting agents.
- the exiting hydrogen is extracted via the bath surface. To prevent high concentration of hydrogen over the bath surface, slow release of hydrogen is desirable.
- WO 2008/028932 A1 describes long-chain alkylmonosulphonic acids, long-chain alkyldisulphonic acids, long-chain alkylpolysulphonic acids, salts of the long-chain Alkylmonosulfonic acids, salts of long-chain alkyl disulfonic acids and salts of long-chain Aikyipoiysuifonklaren as constituents of fluorosurfactant-free, long-term stable and biodegradable additives for chromic acid solutions disclosed that act on the surface tension demeaning and thus improve the chromium deposition process.
- the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a wetting agent which overcomes the disadvantages of the known wetting agents.
- the wetting agent comprises as surface-active substance a biodegradable surfactant, wherein the surfactant is present dissolved in water in a concentration of 1: 1 to 1:10.
- a surfactant is understood as meaning a substance which reduces the surface tension of a liquid or the interfacial tension between two phases and makes possible or supports the formation of dispersions or acts as a solubilizer.
- Surfactants generally consist of a hydrophobic ("water-repellent") hydrocarbon radical and a hydrophilic ("water-loving") moiety. The formation of foam is due to the properties of surfactants.
- the surfactant molecules form a two-layer film in which the hydrophobic ends of the surfactants form the two surfaces. The hydrophilic ends point into the film.
- wetting agents are understood to mean substances or mixtures of substances which bring about the reduction of the interfacial tension between a solid surface and a liquid.
- the concentration is 1: 2 to 1: 6, preferably 1: 2 to 1: 4.
- the surfactant is a nonionic surfactant.
- nonionic surfactants are surfactants which contain no dissociable functional groups and therefore do not separate into ions in water.
- the nonionic surfactant is a sugar surfactant.
- sugar surfactants are understood to mean nonionic surfactants in which carbohydrates form the hydrophilic portion of the surfactant molecule.
- the hydrophobic component is fatty alcohols or fatty acids which, depending on the desired property of the surfactants, are chemically differently linked to the carbohydrates.
- Sugar surfactants consist of a polar water-soluble head group and a nonpolar liposoluble tail. They can be divided into ethers, esters, amines and amides by the chemical bond between the sugar and the alkyl group.
- the HLB values of sugar surfactants depend on the degree of polymerization of the sugar as a polar group and the number and length of the alkyl chains. Molecules with multiple alkyl chains are very hydrophobic. If the head group is a disaccharide, the surfactant is more hydrophilic.
- the HLB value (hydrophilic-lipophilic balance) indicates the mass ratio between the polar and the non-polar part. Surfactants with a low HLB value have good fat-dissolving properties, a high HLB value causes good wetting of hydrophilic surfaces. Due to different HLB values, stable emulsions - O / W to W / O systems can be built up.
- sugar surfactants in the wetting agent according to the invention is advantageous because sugar surfactants show a very good biodegradability.
- the sugar surfactant is selected from a group consisting of alkyl glycosides, alkyl polyglycosides, sorbitan tan fatty acid esters and polysorbates.
- alkyl glycosides used according to the invention are compounds known per se, the preparation of which is disclosed in numerous publications, such as in US Pat. Nos. 3,547,828 A, 3,772,269 A, 3,839,318 A and European Patent Applications EP 0 301 298 A, EP 0 357 969 A, EP 0 362 671 A and the German patent application DE 39 27 919 A is described.
- the reaction products of glycoses and alcohols, referred to as alkyl glycosides can be prepared either by direct reaction with an excess of the alcohol and an acid catalyst or by transacetalization with concomitant use of a lower alcohol solvent and reactant.
- the alkyl glycosides used according to the invention are reaction products of the glycoses glucose, fructose, mannose, galactose, toloses, gulose, allose, altrose, idose, arabinose, xylose, lyxose and ribose and alcohols having 8 to 14 carbon atoms, wherein the glycoses can be linked together glycosidically.
- Alkyl polyglycosides are completely made of renewable raw materials of sugar and fatty alcohols. They are biodegradable and have low toxicity. Alkylpolyglycosides are resistant to hydrolysis and, due to their HLB value of> 10, have a good dirt-dissolving and soil-carrying capacity. They are strongly foaming and have no skin-irritating ingredients.
- Known industrially important Alkylpolyglucoside have a chain length of Ci 2 - C ⁇ 6 with an average degree of oligomerization of 1, 4th These consist predominantly of monoglucosides, with an additional but decreasing content of diglucosides, triglucosides and polyglucosides.
- the net assets, characteristic differences between the APG's show due to their chain length.
- the longer APG's here require significantly less time to complete wetting.
- the network capacity is also pH-dependent.
- the foaming power of APG's is also chain length dependent, with APG's are characterized with a chain length of C 12 -C 1-6 as compared to, for example, fatty alcohols lethoxylaten by particularly high intensity, especially in soft water.
- APG's also show synergistic effects when used with other surfactants, such as anionic surfactants. As a result, a specific degree of foaming can be set.
- sorbitan fatty acid esters is understood to mean a group of four mono-fatty acid esters and one triflic acid ester of sorbitol or of 1,4-sorbitan anhydride (sorbitan for short), it being possible to form sorbitol from sorbitol by dehydration.
- sorbitan fatty acid esters occur both as cyclic furanose (five-membered ring) and as cyclic pyranose form (six-membered ring). Since in sorbitol or sorbitan mo- lekül more OH groups are present, different isomers can arise in the representation.
- sorbitan fatty acids are sorbitan monostearate, sorbitan tristearate, sorbitan monolaurate, sorbitan monooleate and sorbitan monopalmitate.
- Polysorbates are understood to be chemical compounds which are formed by the etherification of sorbitan fatty acid esters with polyethylene glycol. They are surface active and are used as wetting agents.
- the different polysorbate types differ in fatty acid, the average number of polyoxyethylene units in the molecule and the degree of esterification.
- the following polysorbates are known:
- Poiysorbate 20 (polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate) (trade name Tween® 20), poly-sorbate 21 (polyoxyethylene (4) sorbitan monolaurate), polysorbate 40 (polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monopalmitate), polysorbate 60 (polyoxyethylene ( 20) - sorbitan monostearate), polysorbate 61 (polyoxyethylene (4) sorbitan monostearate), polysorbate 65 (polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan tristearate), polysorbate 80 (polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate), polysorbate 81 (polyoxyethylene ( 5) sorbitan monooleate), polysorbate 85 (polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan trioleate), polysorbate 120 (polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monoisostearate).
- the surfactant is an anionic surfactant.
- Anionic surfactants are surfactants which have a negatively charged functional group. where the nonpolar part is an alkyl radical and the polar functional group is -COO " (carboxylate), -SO 3 " (sulfonate) or -SO 4 2 " (sulfate)
- the anionic surfactant is selected from a group consisting of alkyl sulfates, secondary alkyl sulfonates and secondary alkyl benzene sulfonates.
- Sulfonic acids are organic sulfur compounds having the general structure R-SO 2 -OH, where R is an organic radical. Their salts and esters of general formula I are called sulfonates, where X may be an organic radical or a cation.
- alkanesulfonic acids in which the radical group R of the general formula I is aliphatic are referred to as alkanesulfonic acids and their salts and esters as alkylsulfonates or else as alkanesulfonates.
- Alkylbenzenesulfonates are a group of chemical compounds with the chemical formula CnH 2n + iC 6 H 4 -S0 3 " .
- the most well-known examples are linear alkylbenzenesulfonates (LAS), but they are less linear but rather secondary alkylbenzenesulfonates.
- Benzenesulfonic acid dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid or sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (sodium salt), benzenesulfonic acid, Cio-13-alkyl derivatives, n-alkyl-benzenesulfonates, dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid dodecyl ester.
- Fatty acid sulfates are sulfates of fatty alcohols having the general formula RO-SO 3 X.
- the fatty alcohols are obtained by reduction from fatty acids, often coconut oil.
- the alcohols are reacted with sulfur trioxide or concentrated sulfuric acid to the fatty alcohol sulfates. They are to be distinguished from sulfonates, which, however, have an RS bond.
- Fatty alcohol sulfates are very soluble in water, little sensitive to water hardness and very readily biodegradable (even under anaerobic conditions).
- fatty alcohol sulfates constitute a preferred embodiment of the invention.
- fatty alcohol sulfates are good foaming agents.
- a known representative of FAS is sodium dodecylpoly (oxyethylene) sulfate (sodium lauryl ether sulfate, SLES), which is an ether sulfate and is the ethoxylated form of sodium lauryl sulfate.
- SLES is used as a foaming agent in many personal hygiene products as well as in the production of foam concrete. SLES is used in toothpastes, shampoos, cosmetics, shower gels, liquid soaps etc.
- amphoteric or cationic surfactants are also conceivable, these having to be foaming agents according to the invention and also having to show good biodegradability.
- Amphoteric surfactants which are also referred to as zwitterionic surfactants, are surfactants which possess both a negatively and positively charged functional group. Like any surfactant, the amphoteric surfactants are composed of a polar and a nonpolar part.
- the non-polar part is an alkyl group, the polar part usually a carboxylate group (R-COO " ) together with a quaternary ammonium group (R 4 N + ).
- Cationic surfactants are surfactants which have a positively charged functional group. Like any surfactant, the cationic surfactants are composed of a polar and a nonpolar part. A non-polar part different alkyl groups. The polar group is usually a quaternary ammonium unit.
- the wetting agent further comprises a biocide, this being designed as a pot preservative.
- a pot preservative is understood by EU and Swiss chemical legislation to be products for protecting finished products (except food and feed) in containers against microbial damage for the purpose of extending their shelf life. The preservability of the wetting agent according to the invention against microbial decomposition is thus ensured by adding a pot preservative.
- the pot preservative is an isothiazolinone.
- isothiazolinones are heterocyclic organic compounds that occupy an important position within biocides.
- the basic substance of the substance group, isothiazolinone is a compound which contains a sulfur atom as well as a nitrogen atom and a keto group (thiaazocyclopentenone) in a cyclopentene five-membered ring.
- Five isothiazolinone derivatives are used to a significant extent:
- Methylisothiazolinone (MIT, MI), chloromethylisothiazolinone (CMIT, CMI), benzisothiazolinone (BIT), octylisothiazolinone (OIT, Ol), dichloroctylisothiazolinone (DCOIT, DCOI).
- methylisothiazolinone Preferably, we use methylisothiazolinone.
- the use of other biocides is conceivable.
- the wetting agent is used in galvanic applications.
- galvanic applications are understood to mean galvanotechniques, the electroforming (also called electroforming), the electrolytic production of metallic objects, and the electroplating, the production of metallic coatings, being known.
- decorative and functional electroplating In general, a distinction is made between decorative and functional electroplating.
- the former is mainly used to beautify objects and must have certain minimum technical properties for this purpose.
- decorative electroplating include plastic plating, the chrome plating of tubular steel furniture and motorcycles, and the gilding of jewelery and cutlery.
- the functional electroplating technique is used for corrosion protection, wear protection, catalysis or the improvement of electrical conductivity and the reduction of friction forces.
- Examples include the galvanizing of screws, the coating of machine parts with hard chrome, the production of metallic, usually nickel or platinum-containing catalysts for the chemical industry or fuel cells and the gold plating and silvering of electrical contacts and the smoothing of e.g. medical materials and materials.
- Electrical contacts - so-called pins - made of different copper materials are usually tin-plated.
- a nickel or copper barrier layer is usually applied before the tinning.
- the wetting agent according to the invention can be used in the following exemplary galvanic applications:
- Anodic oxidation in the case of aluminum also anodizing
- strip galvanizing pickling, firing, blackening, chromating, electrolytic galvanizing, dyeing of metal, pulsed electrode position, frame galvanizing, plastic electroplating, Circuit board manufacturing, phosphating, tampon plating, drum plating, veralizing, chrome plating and stiffening.
- the wetting agent is used in electroplating baths with the following electrolytes:
- the wetting agent according to the invention thus comprises at least one biodegradable surfactant which allows foam formation during galvanic application, the foam formed having a stability which enables a slower release of the hydrogen formed during the galvanic application.
- the wetting agent is resistant to degradation and has no influence on the galvanic application, so that the workpieces machined with the galvanic application are not impaired by the use of the wetting agent according to the invention.
- the wetting agent according to the invention shows a good biodegradability, so that a separate disposal of the wetting agent after the application is eliminated.
- the consumption of the wetting agent is to a comparable extent, as with the use of PFOS-containing wetting agents.
- wetting agent according to the invention exerts no influence on the result of the galvanic application by a reduced consumption and by its chemical inert properties.
- the wetting agent comprises sodium dodecylpoly (oxyethylene) sulfate, which is present in a concentration of 1: 4 in an aqueous solution, and methylisothiazolinone in a concentration customary for pot preservatives, up to 0.01% by weight.
- the concentration of the wetting agent in the new batch is 2 g / l in a conventional electrolytic bath solution for the chrome plating of workpieces.
- a surface tension of ⁇ 30 mN / m is desired, which is determined by means of a tensiometer. If this is no longer given during the process, the further supply of the wetting agent according to the invention is necessary.
- the wetting agent diluted in a 1: 1 aqueous solution supplied by means of a dosing device can be done by Dosiergetätes, such as a dosimeter, which is connected via a control loop with the tensiometer and thus ensures an addition depending on the specific surface tension.
- the wetting agent comprises an alkylpolyglucoside of general formula II having a chain length of C 12 -C 16 and an oligomeric rating wheel of 1, 4.
- alkylpolyglucoside of general formula II having a chain length of C 12 -C 16 and an oligomeric rating wheel of 1, 4.
- n 12 to 16
- methyl isothiazolinone is also conceivable, and this can be added in a concentration of up to 0.01% by weight.
- the determination of the surface surface tension by Tensiometer For the preparation of the electrolytic solution for chromium plating 3.5 g / l of the wetting agent are used, then the determination of the surface surface tension by Tensiometer.
- the desired surface tension should be ⁇ 30 mN / m.
- a 1: 1 diluted aqueous solution of the wetting agent is fed via a metering device of the electrolyte solution until the desired surface tension is achieved. Subsequent adjustment of the desired surface tension reduces excessive foaming prior to starting the galvanic application.
- the surface tension is further controlled by means of a tensiometer, with wetting agent being supplied as a function of the surface tension via a control circuit.
- the wetting agent is a polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate (polysorbate 20).
- polysorbate 20 sorbitan monolaurate
- the wetting agent may also contain methylisothiazolinone, which may be added in a concentration of up to 0.01% by weight.
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Abstract
The invention relates to a wetting agent and to its use. The wetting agent of the invention for electroplating applications comprises a biodegradable surfactant which is present in a solution in water, in a concentration from 1:1 to 1:10, and allows foam to be formed during the electroplating application, the stability of the foam formed allowing retarded release of the hydrogen that is formed during the galvanic application. This wetting agent is stable to degradation and has no effect at all on the electroplating application, so that the workpieces processed with the galvanic application are unaffected by the use of the wetting agent of the invention. Moreover, the wetting agent of the invention exhibits good biodegradability, removing any need for separate disposal of the wetting agent after the application. Moreover, the level of consumption of the wetting agent is comparable with that when using PFOS-containing wetting agents. All in all, the wetting agent of the invention provides a simple, eco-friendly and at the same time cost-effective alternative to the known PFOS-free wetting agents, with the wetting agent of the invention exerting no effect on the outcome of the electroplating application, by virtue of reduced wetting agent consumption and by virtue of the chemically inert properties of said wetting agent.
Description
Netzmittel für elektrolytische Anwendungen und dessen Verwendung Wetting agent for electrolytic applications and its use
GEBIET DER ERFINDUNG FIELD OF THE INVENTION
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Netzmittel für galvanische Anwendungen sowie dessen Verwendung. The invention relates to a wetting agent for galvanic applications and its use.
TECHNOLOGISCHER HINTERGRUND TECHNOLOGICAL BACKGROUND
Galvanische Prozesse zur Oberflächenbeschichtungen auf Gegenstände sind lange bekannt. Durch galvanische Prozesse können Gegenständen spezielle funktio- nelle und/oder dekorative Oberflächeneigenschaften verliehen werden, wie z.B. Härte, Korrosionsbeständigkeit, metallisches Aussehen, Glanz etc. Galvanic processes for surface coatings on objects have long been known. Galvanic processes can give objects special functional and / or decorative surface properties, such as, for example, Hardness, corrosion resistance, metallic appearance, gloss etc.
Dabei wird aus einem galvanischen Bad, welches zumindest das abzuscheidende Metall als Salz in Lösung enthält, das Metall mittels Gleichstrom auf dem als Ka- thode geschalteten Gegenstand abgeschieden. Dabei besteht der zu beschichtende Gegenstand meist aus einem metallischen Material. Sofern das Grundmaterial In this case, the metal is deposited on the cathode-connected object from a galvanic bath which contains at least the metal to be deposited as a salt in solution. In this case, the object to be coated usually consists of a metallic material. If the basic material
BESTÄTIGUNGSKOPIE
nicht elektrisch leitend ist, ist eine Metallisierung der Oberfläche erforderlich. Galvanische Bäder, welche beispielsweise Nickel oder Chrom enthalten, dienen bei technischen Anwendungen zumeist zur Erzeugung besonders harter mechanisch widerstandsfähiger Schichten. CONFIRMATION COPY is not electrically conductive, a metallization of the surface is required. Galvanic baths containing, for example, nickel or chromium are used in technical applications mostly for the production of particularly hard mechanically resistant layers.
Die Aufbringung von Chrom auf Gegenständen ist hierbei von besonderer technischer Relevanz, wobei diese entweder für dekorative Anwendungen oder als härtende Beschichtung der Gegenstände in technischen Anwendungen erfolgt. Bei dekorativen Anwendungen wird insbesondere eine helle und hoch reflektierende Chromschicht gewünscht. Im Falle der technischen Anwendungen sollen die aufgebrachten Chromschichten verschleißarm, abrasionstabil, hitzebeständig und korrosionsbeständig sein. Solche verchromten Gegenstände sind beispielsweise Kolben, Zylinder, Laufbuchsen oder Achslager. The application of chromium to articles is of particular technical relevance, this being done either for decorative applications or as a hardening coating of the articles in technical applications. In decorative applications, in particular a bright and highly reflective chromium layer is desired. In the case of technical applications, the applied chromium layers should be wear-resistant, abrasion-resistant, heat-resistant and corrosion-resistant. Such chrome-plated objects are, for example, pistons, cylinders, liners or axle bearings.
Die galvanische Verchromung erfolgt üblicherweise in galvanischen Bädern, welche Chrom(VI)-Salze und Schwefelsäure unter Verwendung unlöslicher Blei/Antimonoder Blei/Zinn-Anoden enthalten. Als Chrom(VI)-Salz ist hierbei insbesondere CrO3 bekannt. Galvanic plating is usually carried out in electroplating baths containing chromium (VI) salts and sulfuric acid using insoluble lead / antimony or lead / tin anodes. As chromium (VI) salt in this case, in particular CrO3 is known.
Ein wesentliches Problem bei galvanischen Anwendungen, wie etwa der Verchromung mittels Chrom(VI)-Lösungen, ist eine aufgrund des geringen Wirkungsgrades von 15%— 25% auftretende Gasentwicklung, insbesondere von Wasserstoff, und in geringem Maße auch durch die anodische Sauerstoffentwicklung, die zur Bildung saurer, korrodierender und zum Teil auch toxischer Sprühnebel führt. Durch diese Gasentwicklung wird beispielsweise ein Chromsäurenebel mitgerissen, der stark gesundheitsschädigend ist und eine intensive Absaugung der Oberfläche des galvanischen Bades erforderlich macht. A major problem in galvanic applications, such as chromium plating using chromium (VI) solutions, is gas evolution, particularly of hydrogen, due to the low efficiency of 15% -25%, and to a lesser extent, anodic oxygen evolution Formation of acidic, corrosive and sometimes also toxic spray mist leads. As a result of this evolution of gas, for example, a chromic acid mist is entrained, which is severely detrimental to health and requires intensive extraction of the surface of the galvanic bath.
Um diesen auftretenden Chromsäurenebel einzuschränken, werden oberflächenaktive Substanzen in Verchromungsbäder eingesetzt, die die Oberflächenspannung unter Bildung einer Schaumdecke herabsetzt, eingesetzt. Solche oberflächenaktiven Substanzen werden auch als Netzmittel bezeichnet.
Weiterhin besteht die Gefahr einer Knallgasreaktion bei übermäßigem Austritt von Wasserstoff. Um eine entsprechende Prozesssicherheit zu gewährleisten erfolgt eine Absaugung des austretenden Wasserstoffs über der Badoberfläche. Um eine hohe Konzentration des Wasserstoffs über der Badoberfläche zu verhindern, ist ein verlangsamte Freisetzung des Wasserstoffs wünschenswert. To limit this occurring chromic acid mist, surface-active substances are used in chromium plating baths, which reduces the surface tension to form a foam blanket used. Such surfactants are also referred to as wetting agents. Furthermore, there is the danger of a detonating gas reaction with excessive leakage of hydrogen. In order to ensure appropriate process safety, the exiting hydrogen is extracted via the bath surface. To prevent high concentration of hydrogen over the bath surface, slow release of hydrogen is desirable.
So wurde in der US 4,006,064 vorgeschlagen, quarternäre Ammoniumperfluoral- kansulfonate als oberflächenaktive Substanz bei der Verchromung einzusetzen. Die bekannteste dieser Verbindungen ist das chemisch verwandte PFOS (Perfluoroc- tansulfonsäure), welches insbesondere bei der Verchromung eingesetzt wurde. Daher enthielten bisherige Netzmittel zumeist PFOS (Perfluoroctansulfonat), welches das Anion des Salzes der Perfluoroctansulfonsäure ist und zu den perfluorierten Tensiden gehört. Dieses wird üblicherweise als Natrium- oder Kalium- Perfluoroctansulfonat im Handel angeboten. Dieses perfluorierten Tensid wurde jedoch zwischenzeitlich auf Grund seiner karzinogenen Eigenschaften verboten. For example, it has been proposed in US Pat. No. 4,006,064 to use quaternary ammonium perfluoroalkanesulfonates as a surface-active substance in chromium plating. The best known of these compounds is the chemically related PFOS (perfluorocentanesulfonic acid), which was used in particular in the chrome plating. Therefore, previous wetting agents mostly contained PFOS (perfluorooctanesulfonate), which is the anion of the salt of perfluorooctanesulfonic acid and belongs to the perfluorinated surfactants. This is usually sold as sodium or potassium perfluorooctane sulfonate commercially. However, this perfluorinated surfactant has since been banned because of its carcinogenic properties.
Neuere Netzmittel für Verchromungsprozesse sind jetzt zwar meist PFOS-frei und sollten gemäß Gesetzgeber unschädlich und biologisch abbaubar sein, bilden aber bei längerem Gebrauch eine störende Ölschicht oder Klumpenbildung in den Ver- chromungsbädern. Zudem wurde auch von ungewollten Beizangriffen durch die Abbauprodukte dieser Stoffe berichtet. Ein Beispiel hierfür dürfte die Verwendung von Fettaminethern darstellen, deren Abbauprodukte jedoch nicht die gewünschte biologische Abbaubarkeit zeigen. Although newer wetting agents for chrome plating processes are now mostly PFOS-free and should be harmless and biodegradable according to the legislature, they form an interfering oil layer or lumps in the encrustation baths on prolonged use. In addition, unwanted pickling attacks were reported by the degradation products of these substances. An example of this is probably the use of fatty amine ethers, but their degradation products do not show the desired biodegradability.
Zudem wird von einem erhöhten Verbrauch dieser neuen Netzmittel berichtet, der in der Regel um ein vielfaches höher gegenüber den PFOS haltigen Netzmitteln ist. Aus der DE 10 2006 025847 A1 wiederum ist die Verwendung von Phosphinsäuren als grenzflächenaktive Substanz in galvanischen Bädern bekannt. In addition, an increased consumption of these new wetting agents is reported, which is usually much higher than the PFOS-containing wetting agents. From DE 10 2006 025847 A1, in turn, the use of phosphinic acids as surface-active substance in electroplating baths is known.
Mit der WO 2008/028932 A1 werden langkettige Alkylmonosulfonsäuren, langketti- ge Alkyldisulfonsäuren, langkettige Alkylpolysulfonsäuren, Salze der langkettigen
Alkylmonosulfonsäuren, Salze der langkettigen Alkyldisulfonsäuren und Salze der langkettigen Aikyipoiysuifonsäuren als Bestandteile von fluortensidfreien, langzeit- stabilen und biologisch abbaubaren Additiven für Chromsäurelösungen offenbart, die auf die Oberflächenspannung erniedrigend wirken und somit den Chromab- scheidungsprozess verbessern. WO 2008/028932 A1 describes long-chain alkylmonosulphonic acids, long-chain alkyldisulphonic acids, long-chain alkylpolysulphonic acids, salts of the long-chain Alkylmonosulfonic acids, salts of long-chain alkyl disulfonic acids and salts of long-chain Aikyipoiysuifonsäuren as constituents of fluorosurfactant-free, long-term stable and biodegradable additives for chromic acid solutions disclosed that act on the surface tension demeaning and thus improve the chromium deposition process.
Es wäre daher in hohem Maße wünschenswert ein Netzmittel einzusetzen, welches gegenüber den PFOS-haltigen Netzmitteln einen vergleichbaren Verbrauch gewährleistet, biologisch abbaubar ist und keine Beeinträchtigung des galvanischen Prozesses sowie der beschichteten Oberfläche gewährleistet. It would therefore be highly desirable to use a wetting agent which ensures comparable consumption to the PFOS-containing wetting agents, is biodegradable and ensures no impairment of the galvanic process and the coated surface.
DARSTELLUNG DER ERFINDUNG PRESENTATION OF THE INVENTION
Die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung besteht daher darin ein Netzmittel anzugeben, welches die aufgezeigten Nachteile der bekannten Netzmittel überwindet. The object of the present invention is therefore to provide a wetting agent which overcomes the disadvantages of the known wetting agents.
Die Aufgabe wird durch ein Netzmittel gemäß dem Hauptanspruch gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen sind in den abhängigen Ansprüchen angegeben. The object is achieved by a wetting agent according to the main claim. Advantageous embodiments are specified in the dependent claims.
Erfindungsgemäß umfasst das Netzmittel als oberflächenaktive Substanz ein biologisch abbaubares Tensid, wobei das Tensid in einer Konzentration von 1 :1 bis 1 :10 in Wasser gelöst vorliegt. According to the invention, the wetting agent comprises as surface-active substance a biodegradable surfactant, wherein the surfactant is present dissolved in water in a concentration of 1: 1 to 1:10.
Unter einem Tensid wird im Sinne der Erfindung eine Substanz verstanden, die die Oberflächenspannung einer Flüssigkeit oder die Grenzflächenspannung zwischen zwei Phasen herabsetzen und die Bildung von Dispersionen ermöglichen oder unterstützen bzw. als Lösungsvermittler wirken. Tenside bestehen allgemein aus einem hydrophoben („wasserabweisenden") Kohlenwasserstoffrest und einem hydrophilen („wasserliebenden") Molekülteil. Die Bildung von Schaum ist auf die Eigenschaften von Tensiden zurückzuführen. Die Tensidmolekule bilden einen aus zwei Schichten bestehenden Film, bei dem die hydrophoben Enden der Tenside die beiden Oberflächen bilden. Die hydrophilen Enden weisen in den Film hinein.
Unter Netzmitteln werden im Sinne der Erfindung Stoffe oder Stoffgemische verstanden, die die Herabsetzung der Grenzflächenspannung zwischen einer festen Oberfläche und einer Flüssigkeit bewirken. For the purposes of the invention, a surfactant is understood as meaning a substance which reduces the surface tension of a liquid or the interfacial tension between two phases and makes possible or supports the formation of dispersions or acts as a solubilizer. Surfactants generally consist of a hydrophobic ("water-repellent") hydrocarbon radical and a hydrophilic ("water-loving") moiety. The formation of foam is due to the properties of surfactants. The surfactant molecules form a two-layer film in which the hydrophobic ends of the surfactants form the two surfaces. The hydrophilic ends point into the film. In the context of the invention, wetting agents are understood to mean substances or mixtures of substances which bring about the reduction of the interfacial tension between a solid surface and a liquid.
In einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung beträgt die Konzentration 1:2 bis 1 :6, vorzugsweise 1 :2 bis 1 :4. In an advantageous embodiment, the concentration is 1: 2 to 1: 6, preferably 1: 2 to 1: 4.
Gemäß einem Aspekt der Erfindung ist das Tensid ein nichtionisches Tensid. In one aspect of the invention, the surfactant is a nonionic surfactant.
Unter nichtionische Tenside werden im Sinne der Erfindung Tenside verstanden, die keine dissoziierbaren funktionellen Gruppen enthalten und sich daher im Wasser nicht in Ionen auftrennen. For the purposes of the invention, nonionic surfactants are surfactants which contain no dissociable functional groups and therefore do not separate into ions in water.
In einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist das nichtionische Tensid ein Zuckerten- sid. In one embodiment of the invention, the nonionic surfactant is a sugar surfactant.
Unter Zuckertensiden werden im Sinne der Erfindung nicht nichtionische Tenside verstanden, bei denen Kohlenhydrate den hydrophilen Anteil des Tensidmoleküls bilden. Als hydrophobe Komponente fungieren Fettalkohole oder Fettsäuren, die je nach gewünschter Eigenschaft der Tenside mit den Kohlenhydraten chemisch unterschiedlich verknüpft sind. For the purposes of the invention, sugar surfactants are understood to mean nonionic surfactants in which carbohydrates form the hydrophilic portion of the surfactant molecule. The hydrophobic component is fatty alcohols or fatty acids which, depending on the desired property of the surfactants, are chemically differently linked to the carbohydrates.
Zuckertenside bestehen aus einer polaren wasserlöslichen Kopfgruppe und einem unpolaren fettlöslichen Schwanz. Sie können anhand der chemischen Bindung zwischen dem Zucker und der Alkylgruppe in Ether, Ester, Amine und Amide eingeteilt werden. Die HLB-Werte von Zuckertensiden hängen von dem Polymerisationsgrad des Zuckers als polare Gruppe und der Anzahl und Länge der Alkylketten ab. Moleküle mit mehreren Alkylketten sind sehr hydrophob. Ist die Kopfgruppe ein Disac- charid, ist das Tensid hydrophiler. Sugar surfactants consist of a polar water-soluble head group and a nonpolar liposoluble tail. They can be divided into ethers, esters, amines and amides by the chemical bond between the sugar and the alkyl group. The HLB values of sugar surfactants depend on the degree of polymerization of the sugar as a polar group and the number and length of the alkyl chains. Molecules with multiple alkyl chains are very hydrophobic. If the head group is a disaccharide, the surfactant is more hydrophilic.
Der HLB-Wert (Hydrophil-Lipophil-Balance) gibt das Masse-Verhältnis zwischen dem polaren und dem unpolaren Teil an. Tenside mit einem niedrigen HLB-Wert
haben gute fettlösende Eigenschaften, ein hoher HLB-Wert bewirkt eine gute Benetzung hydrophiler Oberflächen. Aufgrund unterschiedlicher HLB-Werte lassen sich stabile Emulsionen - O/W bis W/O Systeme aufbauen. The HLB value (hydrophilic-lipophilic balance) indicates the mass ratio between the polar and the non-polar part. Surfactants with a low HLB value have good fat-dissolving properties, a high HLB value causes good wetting of hydrophilic surfaces. Due to different HLB values, stable emulsions - O / W to W / O systems can be built up.
Der Einsatz von Zuckertensiden im erfindungsgemäßen Netzmittel ist vorteilhaft, da Zuckertenside eine sehr gute biologische Abbaubarkeit zeigen. The use of sugar surfactants in the wetting agent according to the invention is advantageous because sugar surfactants show a very good biodegradability.
In einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist das Zuckertensid ausgewählt aus einer Gruppe bestehend aus Alkylglycosiden, Alkylpolyglycosiden, Sorbi- tanfettsäureester und Polysorbaten. In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the sugar surfactant is selected from a group consisting of alkyl glycosides, alkyl polyglycosides, sorbitan tan fatty acid esters and polysorbates.
Die erfindungsgemäß verwendeten Alkylglycoside sind an sich bekannte Verbindungen, deren Herstellung in zahlreichen Druckschriften, wie in den US- Patentschriften US 3547828 A, US3772269 A, US 3839318 A und den europäischen Patentanmeldungen EP 0 301 298 A, EP 0 357 969 A, EP 0 362 671 A sowie der deutschen Offenlegungsschrift DE 39 27 919 A beschrieben wird. Dabei können die als Alkylglycoside bezeichneten Reaktionsprodukte aus Glycosen und Alkoholen entweder durch direkte Umsetzung mit einem Überschuß des Alkohols und einer Säure als Katalysator oder durch Umacetalisierung unter Mitverwendung eines niederen Alkohols als Lösungsmittel und Reaktionspartner hergestellt werden. Bei den erfindungsgemäß verwendeten Alkylglykosiden handelt es sich um Reaktionsprodukte aus den Glycosen Glucose, Fructose, Mannose, Galactose, Ta- lose, Gulose, Allose, Altrose, Idose, Arabinose, Xylose, Lyxose und Ribose und Alkoholen mit 8 bis 14 C-Atomen, wobei die Glycosen miteinander glycosidisch verknüpft sein können. The alkyl glycosides used according to the invention are compounds known per se, the preparation of which is disclosed in numerous publications, such as in US Pat. Nos. 3,547,828 A, 3,772,269 A, 3,839,318 A and European Patent Applications EP 0 301 298 A, EP 0 357 969 A, EP 0 362 671 A and the German patent application DE 39 27 919 A is described. The reaction products of glycoses and alcohols, referred to as alkyl glycosides, can be prepared either by direct reaction with an excess of the alcohol and an acid catalyst or by transacetalization with concomitant use of a lower alcohol solvent and reactant. The alkyl glycosides used according to the invention are reaction products of the glycoses glucose, fructose, mannose, galactose, toloses, gulose, allose, altrose, idose, arabinose, xylose, lyxose and ribose and alcohols having 8 to 14 carbon atoms, wherein the glycoses can be linked together glycosidically.
Alkylpolyglycoside (APG's) bestehen vollständig aus den nachwachsenden Rohstoffen Zucker und Fettalkoholen. Sie sind biologisch abbaubar und haben eine geringe Toxizität. Alkylpolyglycoside sind hydrolysebeständig und besitzen aufgrund ihres HLB-Wertes von >10 ein gutes Schmutzlöse- und Schmutztragevermögen. Sie sind stark schäumend und besitzen keine hautreizenden Inhaltsstoffe.
Bekannte technisch wichtige Alkylpolyglucoside haben eine Kettenlänge von C-i2- C\6 mit einem durchschnittlichen Oligomerisationsgrad von 1 ,4. Diese bestehen überwiegend aus Monoglucosiden, mit einem zusätzlichen, aber abnehmenden Gehalt an Diglucosiden, Triglucosiden und Polyglucosiden. Alkyl polyglycosides (APG's) are completely made of renewable raw materials of sugar and fatty alcohols. They are biodegradable and have low toxicity. Alkylpolyglycosides are resistant to hydrolysis and, due to their HLB value of> 10, have a good dirt-dissolving and soil-carrying capacity. They are strongly foaming and have no skin-irritating ingredients. Known industrially important Alkylpolyglucoside have a chain length of Ci 2 - C \ 6 with an average degree of oligomerization of 1, 4th These consist predominantly of monoglucosides, with an additional but decreasing content of diglucosides, triglucosides and polyglucosides.
Schon sehr geringe Mengen von APG 's beeinflussen sowohl die Oberflächenspannung, als auch die Grenzflächenspannung nachhaltig. Even very small amounts of APG influence 's both the surface tension and the interfacial tension sustainable.
Im Netzvermögen zeigen sich charakteristische Unterschiede zwischen den APG's aufgrund ihrer Kettenlänge. Die längerkettigen APG's benötigen hierbei deutlich weniger Zeit zum vollständigen Benetzen. Das Netzvermögen ist zudem pH-Wert abhängig. Das Schaumvermögen der APG's ist auch Kettenlängenabhängig, wobei APG's mit einer eine Kettenlänge von C12-C16 sich im Vergleich zu z.B. Fettalkoho- lethoxylaten durch besonders hohe Intensität, vor allem in weichem Wasser auszeichnen. The net assets, characteristic differences between the APG's show due to their chain length. The longer APG's here require significantly less time to complete wetting. The network capacity is also pH-dependent. The foaming power of APG's is also chain length dependent, with APG's are characterized with a chain length of C 12 -C 1-6 as compared to, for example, fatty alcohols lethoxylaten by particularly high intensity, especially in soft water.
Vorteilhafterweise kann somit über die Kettenlänge des Alkohols und den Oligome- risierungsgrad die Funktion und Eigenschaft des APG's entsprechend den Bedürfnissen angepasst werden. Advantageously, therefore on the chain length of the alcohol and the oligomers, the function and property of APG's risierungsgrad according to the needs to be adapted.
APG's zeigen zudem synergistische Effekte bei der Verwendung mit anderen Ten- siden, wie etwa anionischen Tensiden. Dadurch kann ein gezielter Grad der Schaumbildung eingestellt werden. APG's also show synergistic effects when used with other surfactants, such as anionic surfactants. As a result, a specific degree of foaming can be set.
Unter dem Begriff der Sorbitanfettsäureester wird eine Gruppe von vier MonoFettsäure-Estern und einem Trifettsäureester des Sorbits bzw. des 1 ,4- Sorbitanhydrid (kurz Sorbitan) verstanden, wobei Sorbitan aus Sorbit durch Wasserentzug gebildet werden kann. The term sorbitan fatty acid esters is understood to mean a group of four mono-fatty acid esters and one triflic acid ester of sorbitol or of 1,4-sorbitan anhydride (sorbitan for short), it being possible to form sorbitol from sorbitol by dehydration.
Die Sorbitanfettsäureester kommen sowohl als cyclische Furanose- (Fünfring), als auch als cyclische Pyranose-Form (Sechsring) vor. Da im Sorbit- bzw. Sorbitanmo-
lekül mehrere OH-Gruppen vorhanden sind, können bei der Darstellung verschiedene Isomere entstehen. The sorbitan fatty acid esters occur both as cyclic furanose (five-membered ring) and as cyclic pyranose form (six-membered ring). Since in sorbitol or sorbitan mo- lekül more OH groups are present, different isomers can arise in the representation.
Bekannte Vertreter der Sorbitanfettsäuren sind Sorbitanmonostearat, Sorbi- tantristearat, Sorbitanmonolaurat, Sorbitanmonooleat und Sorbitanmonopalmitat. Unter Polysorbaten werden chemische Verbindungen verstanden, die durch Ve- retherung von Sorbitanfettsäureestern mit Polyethylenglycol entstehen. Sie sind grenzflächenaktiv und werden als Netzmittel verwendet. Known representatives of the sorbitan fatty acids are sorbitan monostearate, sorbitan tristearate, sorbitan monolaurate, sorbitan monooleate and sorbitan monopalmitate. Polysorbates are understood to be chemical compounds which are formed by the etherification of sorbitan fatty acid esters with polyethylene glycol. They are surface active and are used as wetting agents.
Die verschiedenen Polysorbat-Typen unterscheiden sich in der Fettsäure, der mittleren Zahl der Polyoxyethyleneinheiten im Molekül und dem Grad der Veresterung. Bekannt sind folgende Polysorbate: The different polysorbate types differ in fatty acid, the average number of polyoxyethylene units in the molecule and the degree of esterification. The following polysorbates are known:
Poiysorbat 20 (Polyoxyethylen-(20)-sorbitanmonolaurat) (Handelsname Tween® 20), Poiysorbat 21 (Polyoxyethylen-(4)-sorbitanmonolaurat), Poiysorbat 40 (Polyo- xyethylen-(20)-sorbitanmonopalmitat), Poiysorbat 60 (Polyoxyethylen-(20)- sorbitanmonostearat), Poiysorbat 61 (Polyoxyethylen-(4)-sorbitanmonostearat), Poiysorbat 65 (Polyoxyethylen-(20)-sorbitantristearat), Poiysorbat 80 (Polyoxyethy- len-(20)-sorbitanmonooleat), Poiysorbat 81 (Polyoxyethylen-(5)-sorbitanmonooleat), Poiysorbat 85 (Polyoxyethylen-(20)-sorbitantrioleat), Poiysorbat 120 (Polyoxyethy- len-(20)-sorbitanmonoisostearat). Poiysorbate 20 (polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate) (trade name Tween® 20), poly-sorbate 21 (polyoxyethylene (4) sorbitan monolaurate), polysorbate 40 (polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monopalmitate), polysorbate 60 (polyoxyethylene ( 20) - sorbitan monostearate), polysorbate 61 (polyoxyethylene (4) sorbitan monostearate), polysorbate 65 (polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan tristearate), polysorbate 80 (polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate), polysorbate 81 (polyoxyethylene ( 5) sorbitan monooleate), polysorbate 85 (polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan trioleate), polysorbate 120 (polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monoisostearate).
Gemäß einem anderen Aspekt der Erfindung ist das Tensid ein anionisches Tensid. In another aspect of the invention, the surfactant is an anionic surfactant.
Als anionische Tenside bezeichnet man Tenside, die eine negativ geladene funktionelle Gruppe besitzen. , wobei als unpolarer Teil ein Alkylrest dient und die polare, funktionelle Gruppe -COO"(Carboxylat), -S03 "(Sulfonat) oder -SO4 2" (Sulfat) ist. In einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist das anionische Tensid ausgewählt aus einer Gruppe bestehend aus Alkylsulfaten, sekundären Alkylsulfonaten und sekundären Alkylbenzolsulfonaten.
Sulfonsäuren sind organische Schwefelverbindungen mit der allgemeinen Struktur R-SO2-OH, wobei R ein organischer Rest ist. Ihre Salze und Ester mit der allgemeinen Formel I heißen Sulfonate, dabei kann X ein organischer Rest oder ein Kation sein. Anionic surfactants are surfactants which have a negatively charged functional group. where the nonpolar part is an alkyl radical and the polar functional group is -COO " (carboxylate), -SO 3 " (sulfonate) or -SO 4 2 " (sulfate) In another embodiment of the invention, the anionic surfactant is selected from a group consisting of alkyl sulfates, secondary alkyl sulfonates and secondary alkyl benzene sulfonates. Sulfonic acids are organic sulfur compounds having the general structure R-SO 2 -OH, where R is an organic radical. Their salts and esters of general formula I are called sulfonates, where X may be an organic radical or a cation.
Sulfonsäuren, bei denen die Restgruppe R der allgemeinen Formel I aliphatisch ist, bezeichnet man als Alkansulfonsäuren und deren Salze und Ester als Alkylsulfona- te oder auch als Alkansulfonate. Sulfonic acids in which the radical group R of the general formula I is aliphatic are referred to as alkanesulfonic acids and their salts and esters as alkylsulfonates or else as alkanesulfonates.
Alkylbenzolsulfonate (ABS) sind eine Gruppe chemischer Verbindungen mit der chemischen Formel CnH2n+i-C6H4-S03 ". Bekannteste Vertreter sind hierbei lineare Alkylbenzolsulfonate (LAS), wobei es jedoch weniger um lineare, sondern eher um sekundäre Alkylbenzolsulfonate handelt. Alkylbenzenesulfonates (ABS) are a group of chemical compounds with the chemical formula CnH 2n + iC 6 H 4 -S0 3 " . The most well-known examples are linear alkylbenzenesulfonates (LAS), but they are less linear but rather secondary alkylbenzenesulfonates.
Einige Vertreter der linearen Alkylbenzolsulfosäuren und -sulfonate sind: Some representatives of the linear alkylbenzenesulfonic acids and sulfonates are:
Benzolsulfonsäure, Dodecylbenzolsulfonsäure bzw. Natriumdodecylbenzolsulfonat (Natriumsalz), Benzolsulfonsäure, Cio-13-Alkylderivate, n-Alkyl-benzolsulfonate, Dodecylbenzolsulfonsäure, Dodecylbenzolsulfonsäure, Benzolsulfonsäuredodecy- lester. Benzenesulfonic acid, dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid or sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (sodium salt), benzenesulfonic acid, Cio-13-alkyl derivatives, n-alkyl-benzenesulfonates, dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid dodecyl ester.
Fettalkoholsulfate (FAS), häufig auch Alkylsulfate genannt, sind Sulfate von Fettal- koholen mit der allgemeinen Formel R-O-SO3X. Die Fettalkohole werden durch Reduktion aus Fettsäuren, häufig Kokosöl, gewonnen. Die Alkohole werden mit Schwefeltrioxid oder konzentrierter Schwefelsäure zu den Fettalkoholsulfaten umgesetzt. Sie sind von Sulfonaten zu unterscheiden, die hingegen über eine R-S- Bindung verfügen.
Fettalkoholsulfate sind gut wasserlöslich, wenig empfindlich gegenüber Wasserhärte und sehr gut biologisch abbaubar (auch unter anaeroben Bedingungen). Aufgrund ihrer guten (auch anaeroben) Abbaubarkeit, der nachwachsenden Rohstoffbasis und einer energieärmeren Produktion stellen Fettalkoholsulfate eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform der Erfindung dar. Zudem sind Fettalkoholsulfate gute Schaumbildner. Fatty acid sulfates (FAS), often called alkyl sulfates, are sulfates of fatty alcohols having the general formula RO-SO 3 X. The fatty alcohols are obtained by reduction from fatty acids, often coconut oil. The alcohols are reacted with sulfur trioxide or concentrated sulfuric acid to the fatty alcohol sulfates. They are to be distinguished from sulfonates, which, however, have an RS bond. Fatty alcohol sulfates are very soluble in water, little sensitive to water hardness and very readily biodegradable (even under anaerobic conditions). Owing to their good (also anaerobic) degradability, the renewable raw material base and a low-energy production, fatty alcohol sulfates constitute a preferred embodiment of the invention. In addition, fatty alcohol sulfates are good foaming agents.
Ein bekannter Vertreter der FAS ist Natriumdodecylpoly(oxyethylen)sulfat (Natriumlaurylethersulfat, engl. Sodium Laureth Sulfate, SLES), welches ein Ethersulfat ist und die ethoxylierte Form von Natriumlaurylsulfat darstellt. A known representative of FAS is sodium dodecylpoly (oxyethylene) sulfate (sodium lauryl ether sulfate, SLES), which is an ether sulfate and is the ethoxylated form of sodium lauryl sulfate.
Durch seine zusätzlich schäumende Eigenschaft wird SLES in vielen Körperhygieneprodukten, aber auch zur Herstellung von Schaumbeton, als Schaumbildner verwendet. SLES wird in Zahnpasten, Shampoos, Kosmetika, Duschgels, Flüssigseifen etc. eingesetzt. Due to its additional foaming properties, SLES is used as a foaming agent in many personal hygiene products as well as in the production of foam concrete. SLES is used in toothpastes, shampoos, cosmetics, shower gels, liquid soaps etc.
Neben den aufgezählten anionischen und nichtionischen Tensiden ist auch der Einsatz amphoterer oder kationischer Tenside denkbar, wobei diese erfindungsgemäß Schaumbildner sein und zudem ein gute biologische Abbaubarkeit zeigen müssen. In addition to the enumerated anionic and nonionic surfactants, the use of amphoteric or cationic surfactants is also conceivable, these having to be foaming agents according to the invention and also having to show good biodegradability.
Unter amphoteren Tensiden, welche auch als zwitterionische Tenside bezeichnet werden, versteht man Tenside, die sowohl eine negativ als auch eine positiv geladene funktionelle Gruppe besitzen. Wie jedes Tensid sind auch die amphoteren Tenside aus einem polaren und einem unpolaren Teil aufgebaut. Als unpolarer Teil dient eine Alkylgruppe, als polarer Teil meist eine Carboxylat-Gruppe (R-COO") zusammen mit einer quartären Ammonium-Gruppe (R4N+). Amphoteric surfactants, which are also referred to as zwitterionic surfactants, are surfactants which possess both a negatively and positively charged functional group. Like any surfactant, the amphoteric surfactants are composed of a polar and a nonpolar part. The non-polar part is an alkyl group, the polar part usually a carboxylate group (R-COO " ) together with a quaternary ammonium group (R 4 N + ).
Als kationische Tenside bezeichnet man Tenside, die eine positiv geladene funktionelle Gruppe besitzen. Wie jedes Tensid sind auch die kationischen Tenside aus einem polaren und einem unpolaren Teil aufgebaut. Als unpolarer Teil dienen ver-
schiedene Alkylgruppen. Die polare Gruppe ist meistens eine quartäre Ammonium- Einheit. Cationic surfactants are surfactants which have a positively charged functional group. Like any surfactant, the cationic surfactants are composed of a polar and a nonpolar part. A non-polar part different alkyl groups. The polar group is usually a quaternary ammonium unit.
Des Weiteren ist für den Fachmann verständlich, dass in Abhängigkeit vom gewünschten Grad der Schaumbildung auch eine Kombination mehrerer Tenside, auch aus verschiedenen Kategorien im erfindungsgemäßen Netzmittel denkbar ist. Furthermore, it is understandable to the person skilled in the art that, depending on the desired degree of foam formation, it is also conceivable to use a combination of a plurality of surfactants, also from different categories, in the wetting agent according to the invention.
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung umfasst das Netzmittel weiterhin ein Biozid, wobei dieses als Topf-Konservierungsmittel ausgeführt ist. Unter einem Topf-Konservierungsmittel versteht man hierbei nach dem Chemikalienrecht der EU und der Schweiz Produkte zum Schutz von Fertigerzeugnissen (außer Lebensund Futtermitteln) in Behältern gegen mikrobielle Schädigung zwecks Verlängerung ihrer Haltbarkeit. Durch Zugabe eines Topf-Konservierungsmittels wird somit die Haltbarkeit des erfindungsgemäßen Netzmittels gegen mikrobielle Zersetzung gesichert. In a further embodiment of the invention, the wetting agent further comprises a biocide, this being designed as a pot preservative. A pot preservative is understood by EU and Swiss chemical legislation to be products for protecting finished products (except food and feed) in containers against microbial damage for the purpose of extending their shelf life. The preservability of the wetting agent according to the invention against microbial decomposition is thus ensured by adding a pot preservative.
In einer Ausgestaltung der vorbeschriebenen Ausführungsform ist das Topf- Konservierungsmittel ein Isothiazolinon. In one embodiment of the above-described embodiment, the pot preservative is an isothiazolinone.
Diese Isothiazolinone sind heterocyclische organische Verbindungen, die innerhalb der Biozide eine wichtige Position einnehmen. Die Grundsubstanz der Stoffgruppe, Isothiazolinon, ist eine Verbindung, die in einem Cyclopenten-Fünfring ein Schwefel- sowie ein Stickstoff-Atom und eine Ketogruppe enthält (Thiaazocyclopentenon). Fünf Isothiazolinonderivate werden in bedeutendem Umfang eingesetzt: These isothiazolinones are heterocyclic organic compounds that occupy an important position within biocides. The basic substance of the substance group, isothiazolinone, is a compound which contains a sulfur atom as well as a nitrogen atom and a keto group (thiaazocyclopentenone) in a cyclopentene five-membered ring. Five isothiazolinone derivatives are used to a significant extent:
Methylisothiazolinon (MIT, MI), Chlormethylisothiazolinon (CMIT, CMI), Benzisothi- azolinon (BIT), Octylisothiazolinon (OIT, Ol), Dichloroctylisothiazolinon (DCOIT, DCOI). Methylisothiazolinone (MIT, MI), chloromethylisothiazolinone (CMIT, CMI), benzisothiazolinone (BIT), octylisothiazolinone (OIT, Ol), dichloroctylisothiazolinone (DCOIT, DCOI).
Vorzugsweise wir erfindungsgemäß Methylisothiazolinon verwendet. Jedoch ist auch der Einsatz anderer Biozide denkbar.
Erfindungsgemäß wird das Netzmittel in galvanischen Anwendungen verwendet. Preferably, according to the invention, we use methylisothiazolinone. However, the use of other biocides is conceivable. According to the wetting agent is used in galvanic applications.
Unter galvanischen Anwendungen werden im Sinne der Erfindung Galvanotechniken verstanden, wobei die Galvanoplastik (auch Galvanoformung genannt), die e- lektrolytischen Herstellung von metallischen Gegenständen, und die Galvanostegie (engl, electroplating), die Herstellung metallischer Überzüge, bekannt sind. For the purposes of the invention, galvanic applications are understood to mean galvanotechniques, the electroforming (also called electroforming), the electrolytic production of metallic objects, and the electroplating, the production of metallic coatings, being known.
Generell wird zwischen dekorativer und funktionaler Galvanotechnik unterschieden. Erstere dient vorwiegend der Verschönerung von Gegenständen und muss für diesen Zweck gewisse technische Mindesteigenschaften besitzen. Beispiele für die dekorative Galvanotechnik sind die Kunststoffgalvanisierung, die Verchromung von Stahlrohrmöbeln und Motorrädern und die Vergoldung von Schmuck und Essbesteck. In general, a distinction is made between decorative and functional electroplating. The former is mainly used to beautify objects and must have certain minimum technical properties for this purpose. Examples of decorative electroplating include plastic plating, the chrome plating of tubular steel furniture and motorcycles, and the gilding of jewelery and cutlery.
Die funktionelle Galvanotechnik dient dem Korrosionsschutz, dem Verschleißschutz, der Katalyse oder der Verbesserung elektrischer Leitfähigkeit und der Reduzierung von Friktionskräften. Beispiele hierfür sind die Verzinkung von Schrauben, die Beschichtung von Maschinenteilen mit Hartchrom, die Herstellung von metallischen, meist nickel- oder platinhaltigen Katalysatoren für die chemische Industrie oder Brennstoffzellen sowie die Vergoldung und Versilberung von elektrischen Kontakten und das Glätten von z.B. medizinischen Materialien und Werkstoffen. Elektrische Kontakte - sogenannte Pins - aus unterschiedlichen Kupferwerkstoffen werden zumeist galvanisch verzinnt. Um zu verhindern, dass Stoffe des Grundmaterials durch die Zinnschicht hindurch diffundieren, wird vor der Verzinnung in der Regel eine Nickel- oder Kupfer-Sperrschicht aufgetragen. The functional electroplating technique is used for corrosion protection, wear protection, catalysis or the improvement of electrical conductivity and the reduction of friction forces. Examples include the galvanizing of screws, the coating of machine parts with hard chrome, the production of metallic, usually nickel or platinum-containing catalysts for the chemical industry or fuel cells and the gold plating and silvering of electrical contacts and the smoothing of e.g. medical materials and materials. Electrical contacts - so-called pins - made of different copper materials are usually tin-plated. In order to prevent substances of the base material from diffusing through the tin layer, a nickel or copper barrier layer is usually applied before the tinning.
Das erfindungsgemäße Netzmittel kann in den nachfolgenden beispielhaften galvanischen Anwendungen verwendet werden: The wetting agent according to the invention can be used in the following exemplary galvanic applications:
Anodische Oxidation (bei Aluminium auch Eloxieren), Bandgalvanisieren, Beizen, Brennen, Brünieren, Chromatieren, Elektrolytisches Galvanisieren, Färben von Metall, Gepulste Elektrodeposition, Gestellgalvanisieren, Kunststoffgalvanisierung,
Leiterplattenherstellung, Phosphatieren, Tampongalvanisieren, Trommelgalvanisie- rung, Veralisieren, Verchromen und Verstahlen. Anodic oxidation (in the case of aluminum also anodizing), strip galvanizing, pickling, firing, blackening, chromating, electrolytic galvanizing, dyeing of metal, pulsed electrode position, frame galvanizing, plastic electroplating, Circuit board manufacturing, phosphating, tampon plating, drum plating, veralizing, chrome plating and stiffening.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform findet das Netzmittel Anwendung in galvani- sehen Bädern mit den nachfolgenden Elektrolyten: In a preferred embodiment, the wetting agent is used in electroplating baths with the following electrolytes:
Aluminiumelektrolyte, Antimonelektrolyte, Bleielektrolyte, Bronzeelektrolyte, Cadmi- umelektrolyte, Cobaltelektrolyte, Chromelektrolyte, Eisenelektrolyte, Goldelektroly- te, Indiumelektrolyte, Kupferelektrolyt, Manganelektrolyte, Messingelektrolyte, Ni- ckelelektrolyte, Nickel-Eisen-Elektrolyte, Palladiumelektrolyte, Platinelektrolyte, Rheniumelektrolyte, Rhodiumelektrolyte, Rutheniumelektrolyte, Silberelektrolyte, Wismutelektrolyte, Wolframelektrolyte, Zinkelektrolyte und Zinnelektrolyte. Aluminum electrolytes, antimony electrolytes, lead electrolytes, bronze electrolytes, cadmium electrolytes, cobalt electrolytes, chromium electrolytes, iron electrolytes, gold electrolytes, indium electrolytes, copper electrolyte, manganese electrolytes, brass electrolytes, nickel electrolytes, nickel-iron electrolytes, palladium electrolytes, platinum electrolytes, rhenium electrolytes, rhodium electrolytes, ruthenium electrolytes, Silver electrolytes, bismuth electrolytes, tungsten electrolytes, zinc electrolytes and tin electrolytes.
Das erfindungsgemäße Netzmittel umfasst somit zumindest ein biologisch abbau- bares Tensid, welches eine Schaumbildung während der galvanischen Anwendung ermöglicht, wobei der gebildete Schaum eine Stabilität aufweist, die eine verlangsamte Freisetzung des während der galvanischen Anwendung gebildeten Wasserstoffs ermöglicht. Das Netzmittel ist dabei abbaustabil und hat keinerlei Einfluss auf die galvanische Anwendung, sodass die mit der galvanischen Anwendung bearbei- teten Werkstücke durch den Einsatz des erfindungsgemäßen Netzmittels nicht beeinträchtigt werden. Zudem zeigt das erfindungsgemäße Netzmittel eine gute biologische Abbaubarkeit, sodass eine gesonderte Entsorgung des Netzmittels nach der Anwendung entfällt. Weiterhin liegt der Verbrauch des Netzmittels in vergleichbarem Ausmaß, wie bei der Verwendung PFOS-haltiger Netzmittel. Im Ergebnis wird mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Netzmittel eine einfache, umweltverträgliche und zugleich kostengünstige Alternative zu den bekannten PFOS-freien Netzmitteln bereitgestellt, wobei das erfindungsgemäße Netzmittel sich durch einen verringerten Verbrauch und durch seine chemische inerten Eigenschaften keinen Einfluss auf das Ergebnis der galvanischen Anwendung ausübt. The wetting agent according to the invention thus comprises at least one biodegradable surfactant which allows foam formation during galvanic application, the foam formed having a stability which enables a slower release of the hydrogen formed during the galvanic application. The wetting agent is resistant to degradation and has no influence on the galvanic application, so that the workpieces machined with the galvanic application are not impaired by the use of the wetting agent according to the invention. In addition, the wetting agent according to the invention shows a good biodegradability, so that a separate disposal of the wetting agent after the application is eliminated. Furthermore, the consumption of the wetting agent is to a comparable extent, as with the use of PFOS-containing wetting agents. As a result, a simple, environmentally friendly and at the same time cost-effective alternative to the known PFOS-free wetting agents is provided with the wetting agent according to the invention, wherein the wetting agent according to the invention exerts no influence on the result of the galvanic application by a reduced consumption and by its chemical inert properties.
Die vorgenannten sowie die beanspruchten und in den Ausführungsbeispielen beschriebenen erfindungsgemäß zu verwendenden Materialien unterliegen in ihrer
Materialauswahl und technischen Konzeption keinen besonderen Ausnahmebedingungen, so dass die in dem Anwendungsgebiet bekannten Auswahlkriterien uneingeschränkt Anwendung finden können The abovementioned and the claimed materials which are to be used according to the invention and described in the exemplary embodiments are subject in their Material selection and technical design no special conditions, so that the well-known in the field of application selection criteria can apply without restriction
Weitere Einzelheiten, Merkmale und Vorteile des Gegenstandes der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen, sowie aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung, in der - beispielhaft - Ausführungsbeispiele dargestellt sind. Auch einzelne Merkmale der Ansprüche oder der Ausführungsformen können mit anderen Merkmalen anderer Ansprüche und Ausführungsformen kombiniert werden. Further details, features and advantages of the subject matter of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims, as well as from the following description in which - exemplary embodiments are shown. Also, individual features of the claims or of the embodiments may be combined with other features of other claims and embodiments.
DETAILLIERTE BESCHREIBUNG VON AUSFÜHRUNGSBEISPIELEN DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
In einem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel umfasst das Netzmittel Natriumdodecylpoly(oxyethylen)sulfat, welches in einer Konzentration von 1 :4 in einer wässrigen Lösung vorliegt und Methylisothiazolinon in einer für Topfkonservierungsmittel üblichen Konzentration bis zu 0,01 Gew.%. In a first embodiment, the wetting agent comprises sodium dodecylpoly (oxyethylene) sulfate, which is present in a concentration of 1: 4 in an aqueous solution, and methylisothiazolinone in a concentration customary for pot preservatives, up to 0.01% by weight.
Beim Einsatz des Netzmittels in einem Verchromungsbad beträgt die Konzentration des Netzmittels beim Neuansatz 2g/l in einer herkömmlichen Elektrolytbadlösung zur Verchromung von Werkstücken. When using the wetting agent in a chrome plating bath, the concentration of the wetting agent in the new batch is 2 g / l in a conventional electrolytic bath solution for the chrome plating of workpieces.
Während der galvanischen Abscheidung ist eine Oberflächenspannung von <30 mN/m erwünscht, welche mittels eines Tensiometers bestimmt wird. Sofern diese während des Prozesses nicht mehr gegeben ist, ist die weitere Zuführung des erfindungsgemäßen Netzmittels notwendig. Dafür wird das Netzmittel verdünnt in einer 1 :1 wässrigen Lösung mittels eines Dosiergerätes zugeführt. Vorteilhafterweise kann dies mittels Dosiergetätes, wie etwa eines Dosimeters erfolgen, welches über einen Regelkreis mit dem Tensiometer verbunden ist und so eine Zugabe in Abhängigkeit zur bestimmten Oberflächenspannung gewährleistet. During the electrodeposition, a surface tension of <30 mN / m is desired, which is determined by means of a tensiometer. If this is no longer given during the process, the further supply of the wetting agent according to the invention is necessary. For this, the wetting agent diluted in a 1: 1 aqueous solution supplied by means of a dosing device. Advantageously, this can be done by Dosiergetätes, such as a dosimeter, which is connected via a control loop with the tensiometer and thus ensures an addition depending on the specific surface tension.
In einem weiteren Ausführungsbeispiel umfasst das Netzmittel ein Alkylpolyglukosid der allgemeinen Formel II mit einer Kettenlänge von C12-C16 und einem Oligomeri-
sierungsrad von 1 ,4. Beispielhaft ist ein Alkylglukosid auf Glukosebasis, welches einen Bestandteil der Alkylpolyglukosids ist, in der Formel II dargestellt, wobei n = 12 bis 16 ist. Auch in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel ist zudem der Einsatz von Methy- lisothiazolinon denkbar, wobei dies in einer Konzentration von bis zu 0,01 Gew.% zugegeben werden kann. In a further embodiment, the wetting agent comprises an alkylpolyglucoside of general formula II having a chain length of C 12 -C 16 and an oligomeric rating wheel of 1, 4. Illustrative is a glucose-based alkyl glucoside which is a component of the alkyl polyglucosides represented by Formula II wherein n = 12 to 16. Also in this embodiment, the use of methyl isothiazolinone is also conceivable, and this can be added in a concentration of up to 0.01% by weight.
Formel II Formula II
Zum Ansatz der Elektrolytlösung zur Verchromung werden 3,5 g/l des Netzmittels angesetzt, danach erfolgt die Bestimmung der Oberflächenflächenspannung mittels Tensiometer. Die gewünschte Oberflächenspannung sollte <30 mN/m betragen. Zur Einstellung der gewünschten Oberflächenspannung wird eine 1 :1 verdünnte wässrige Lösung des Netzmittels über ein Dosiergerät der Elektrolytlösung zugeführt bis die gewünschte Oberflächenspannung erzielt ist. Durch die nachträgliche Einstellung der gewünschten Oberflächenspannung wird eine übermäßige Schaumbildung vor Beginn der galvanischen Anwendung vermindert. For the preparation of the electrolytic solution for chromium plating 3.5 g / l of the wetting agent are used, then the determination of the surface surface tension by Tensiometer. The desired surface tension should be <30 mN / m. To set the desired surface tension, a 1: 1 diluted aqueous solution of the wetting agent is fed via a metering device of the electrolyte solution until the desired surface tension is achieved. Subsequent adjustment of the desired surface tension reduces excessive foaming prior to starting the galvanic application.
Während der galvanischen Anwendung erfolgt weiterhin eine Kontrolle der Oberflächenspannung mittels Tensiometer, wobei über einen Regelkreislauf Netzmittel in Abhängigkeit von der Oberflächenspannung zugeführt wird. During the galvanic application, the surface tension is further controlled by means of a tensiometer, with wetting agent being supplied as a function of the surface tension via a control circuit.
In einer alternativen Ausgestaltung des oben beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispiels umfasst das Netzmittel ein Alkylpolyglukosid der allgemeinen Formel II mit einer Kettenlänge von n=8 bis 12 und einem Oligomerisierungsgrad von 1 ,2. Zum Elektrolytansatz werden hierbei 4,5 g/l zugegeben und die Oberflächenspannung nachfolgend wie oben angegeben eingestellt. In an alternative embodiment of the embodiment described above, the wetting agent comprises an alkylpolyglucoside of the general formula II having a chain length of n = 8 to 12 and a degree of oligomerization of 1.2. 4.5 g / l are added to the electrolyte batch and the surface tension is subsequently set as indicated above.
In einem weiteren Ausführungsbeispiel ist das Netzmittel einPolyoxyethylen(20)- sorbitan-monolaurat (Polysorbat 20). Zum Elektrolytansatz werden hierbei 1 ml/l
zugegeben und die Oberflächenspannung nachfolgend wie oben angegeben eingestellt. Vorteilhafterweise kann das Netzmittel auch Methylisothiazolinon enthalten, wobei dies in einer Konzentration von bis zu 0,01 Gew.% zugegeben werden kann.
In another embodiment, the wetting agent is a polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate (polysorbate 20). To the electrolyte approach here are 1 ml / l added and the surface tension subsequently adjusted as indicated above. Advantageously, the wetting agent may also contain methylisothiazolinone, which may be added in a concentration of up to 0.01% by weight.
Claims
Netzmittel für galvansiche Anwendungen umfassend ein biologisch abbaubares Tensid, das aus der Gruppe ausgewählt ist, die aus nichtionischen Ten- siden und anionischen Tensiden aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Alkylsulfa- ten, sekundären Alkylsulfonaten, sekundären Alkylbenzolsulfonaten und Al- kylcarboxylaten besteht, wobei das Tensid in einer Konzentration von 1 :1 bis 1 :10 in Wasser gelöst vorliegt. A wetting agent for galvans comprising a biodegradable surfactant selected from the group consisting of nonionic surfactants and anionic surfactants selected from the group consisting of alkyl sulfates, secondary alkyl sulfonates, secondary alkylbenzenesulfonates, and alkyl carboxylates, the surfactant being in a concentration of 1: 1 to 1: 10 dissolved in water.
Netzmittel nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Konzentration 1 :2 bis 1 :6, vorzugsweise 1 :2 bis 1 :4 beträgt. Wetting agent according to claim 1, characterized in that the concentration is 1: 2 to 1: 6, preferably 1: 2 to 1: 4.
Netzmittel nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das nichtionische Tensid ein Zuckertensid ist. Wetting agent according to claim 1, characterized in that the nonionic surfactant is a sugar surfactant.
Netzmittel nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Zuckertensid ausgewählt ist aus einer Gruppe bestehend aus Alkylglycosiden, Al- kylpolygkykosiden, Sorbitanfettsäureester und Polysorbaten. Wetting agent according to claim 3, characterized in that the sugar surfactant is selected from a group consisting of alkyl glycosides, alkyl polyglycosides, sorbitan fatty acid esters and polysorbates.
Netzmittel nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, weiterhin umfassend ein Biozid. Wetting agent according to one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising a biocide.
Netzmittel nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Biozid ein Isothiazolinon ist. Wetting agent according to claim 5, characterized in that the biocide is an isothiazolinone.
Verwendung eines Netzmittels nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6 in galvanischen Anwendungen. Use of a wetting agent according to one of claims 1 to 6 in galvanic applications.
Verwendung eines Netzmittels nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Netzmittel in galvanischen Bädern verwendet wird.
Use of a wetting agent according to claim 7, characterized in that the wetting agent is used in galvanic baths.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102011102052A DE102011102052A1 (en) | 2011-05-19 | 2011-05-19 | Wetting agent for electrolytic application and its use |
PCT/EP2012/002151 WO2012156102A2 (en) | 2011-05-19 | 2012-05-21 | Wetting agent for electrolytic applications and use thereof |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP2710171A2 true EP2710171A2 (en) | 2014-03-26 |
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ID=46319682
Family Applications (1)
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EP12728175.6A Withdrawn EP2710171A2 (en) | 2011-05-19 | 2012-05-21 | Wetting agent for electrolytic applications and use thereof |
Country Status (5)
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US (1) | US20140107230A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2710171A2 (en) |
CN (1) | CN103687983A (en) |
DE (1) | DE102011102052A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2012156102A2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (8)
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BR112016030814A2 (en) * | 2014-07-04 | 2017-08-22 | Basf Se | PROCESS FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC DEPOSITION OF A ZINC OR ZINC ALLOY COATING ON A METALLIC SUBSTRATE, METALLIC SUBSTRATE COATED WITH ZINC OR ZINC ALLOY, AQUEOUS ALKALINE GALVANIZING BATH, AND, USE OF A ZINC GALVANIZING BATH ADDITIVE |
CN104593835B (en) * | 2015-02-04 | 2017-10-24 | 广东羚光新材料股份有限公司 | The neutral tin plating electrolyte electroplated for chip components and parts termination electrode |
DE102015002008A1 (en) * | 2015-02-20 | 2016-08-25 | Dräger Safety AG & Co. KGaA | Electrochemical gas sensor and electrolyte for an electrochemical gas sensor |
US10718060B2 (en) | 2015-06-25 | 2020-07-21 | Basf Se | Additive for alkaline zinc plating |
CN105018979A (en) * | 2015-08-24 | 2015-11-04 | 苏州昕皓新材料科技有限公司 | Application of sorbitan palmitate |
CN105463523A (en) * | 2015-12-23 | 2016-04-06 | 苏州市金星工艺镀饰有限公司 | Electroplate liquid capable of suppressing growth of tin whiskers of coating and application thereof |
CN110947338B (en) * | 2019-12-09 | 2021-10-12 | 南京科技职业学院 | Alkyl glycoside sulfobetaine type amphoteric surfactant and preparation method thereof |
CN113818056B (en) * | 2021-09-18 | 2023-05-26 | 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 | Iminodisuccinic acid cyanide-free silver plating process additive and application method thereof |
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- 2011-05-19 DE DE102011102052A patent/DE102011102052A1/en not_active Withdrawn
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- 2012-05-21 WO PCT/EP2012/002151 patent/WO2012156102A2/en active Application Filing
- 2012-05-21 CN CN201280035950.7A patent/CN103687983A/en active Pending
- 2012-05-21 US US14/118,666 patent/US20140107230A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2012-05-21 EP EP12728175.6A patent/EP2710171A2/en not_active Withdrawn
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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DE102011102052A1 (en) | 2012-11-22 |
WO2012156102A2 (en) | 2012-11-22 |
CN103687983A (en) | 2014-03-26 |
WO2012156102A3 (en) | 2013-06-20 |
US20140107230A1 (en) | 2014-04-17 |
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