EP2703909A1 - Paired balance wheel - hairspring resonator - Google Patents

Paired balance wheel - hairspring resonator Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2703909A1
EP2703909A1 EP12182973.3A EP12182973A EP2703909A1 EP 2703909 A1 EP2703909 A1 EP 2703909A1 EP 12182973 A EP12182973 A EP 12182973A EP 2703909 A1 EP2703909 A1 EP 2703909A1
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European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
axis
balance
resonator
spiral
ppm
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EP12182973.3A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Thierry Hessler
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Swatch Group Research and Development SA
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Swatch Group Research and Development SA
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Priority to EP12182973.3A priority Critical patent/EP2703909A1/en
Priority to EP13179958.7A priority patent/EP2703910B1/en
Priority to US14/011,892 priority patent/US9030920B2/en
Priority to RU2013140777A priority patent/RU2643195C2/en
Priority to JP2013182787A priority patent/JP6328392B2/en
Priority to CN201310397316.4A priority patent/CN103676600B/en
Publication of EP2703909A1 publication Critical patent/EP2703909A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/20—Compensation of mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04C—ELECTROMECHANICAL CLOCKS OR WATCHES
    • G04C3/00—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means
    • G04C3/04—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means wherein movement is regulated by a balance
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/04—Oscillators acting by spring tension
    • G04B17/06—Oscillators with hairsprings, e.g. balance
    • G04B17/063—Balance construction
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/04—Oscillators acting by spring tension
    • G04B17/06—Oscillators with hairsprings, e.g. balance
    • G04B17/066—Manufacture of the spiral spring
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/20—Compensation of mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/22—Compensation of mechanisms for stabilising frequency for the effect of variations of temperature

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a paired balance spring - spiral resonator and more specifically a spiral formed from monocrystalline quartz.
  • the document EP 1 519 250 describes the manufacture of a monocrystalline quartz spiral. However, a spiral quartz monocrystalline is not easy to match in practice.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome all or part of the disadvantages mentioned above by proposing an improved pairing of a quartz spiral with its balance.
  • the invention relates to a resonator comprising a spiral formed in a monocrystalline quartz crystal of x, y, z crystallographic axes, the x axis being the electric axis and the y axis the axis. mechanical, and cooperating with a balance characterized in that the coefficient of expansion of the balance is between +6 ppm. ° C -1 and +12 ppm. ° C -1 for a cutting angle of the spiral with respect to the axis z of said monocrystalline quartz crystal between -5 ° and + 5 ° in order to pair the balance with the hairspring.
  • the invention relates to a resonator 1 of the balance 3-spiral type 5.
  • the balance 3 and the spiral 5 are preferably mounted on the same axis 7.
  • E the Young's modulus of the spiral, h its height, e its thickness and L its developed length.
  • the thermal dependence also includes a possible contribution of the maintenance system such as, for example, a Swiss lever escapement (not shown) cooperating with the ankle 9 of the plate 11 also mounted on the axis 7.
  • a Swiss lever escapement (not shown) cooperating with the ankle 9 of the plate 11 also mounted on the axis 7.
  • the invention more particularly relates to a resonator 1 in which the hairspring 5 is formed from a quartz monocrystal of crystallographic axes x, y, z, the x axis being the electric axis and the y axis. the mechanical axis.
  • the height h of the turns has substantially the same orientation as the crystallographic axis z. More precisely, the height h forms, with the axis z, an angle ⁇ which can be positive or negative. The modification of this angle 0 makes it possible to vary the characteristics of the spiral 5 without having to modify the geometry.
  • a coefficient of expansion ⁇ b of the balance 3 should be substantially equal to +9 ppm. ° C -1 to obtain a substantially equal thermal coefficient at + 0.06 Sj -1 . ° C -1 which is well below the COSC conditions equal to ⁇ 0.6 sj -1 . ° C -1 .
  • the expansion coefficient ⁇ b of the balance 3 is between +6 ppm. ° C -1 and +12 ppm. ° C - 1 .
  • the balance 3 may notably comprise titanium and / or durimphy (symbol AFNOR: Z2NKD 18-09-05) and / or platinum.
  • durimphy may be slightly sensitive to magnetic fields depending on its temperature of return.

Abstract

The resonator (1) has a balance spring (5) formed in a single crystal quartz with three crystallographic axes, where the first and second axes are electrical axis and mechanical axis, respectively. The thermal expansion coefficient of a balance (3) lies between + 6 part per million degree Celsius -1 and + 9.9 part per million degree Celsius -1. Cut angle ranging between - 5 degree and + 5 degree is formed between the balance spring and the third axis of the single crystal quartz such that the resonator is less sensitive to temperature variation. A portion of the balance is made of titanium, platinum or durimphy.

Description

Domaine de l'inventionField of the invention

L'invention se rapporte à un résonateur balancier - spiral appairé et plus précisément un spiral formé à partir de quartz monocristallin.The invention relates to a paired balance spring - spiral resonator and more specifically a spiral formed from monocrystalline quartz.

Arrière-plan de l'inventionBackground of the invention

Le document EP 1 519 250 décrit la fabrication d'un spiral en quartz monocristallin. Toutefois, un spiral en quartz monocristallin n'est pas facile à appairer dans la pratique.The document EP 1 519 250 describes the manufacture of a monocrystalline quartz spiral. However, a spiral quartz monocrystalline is not easy to match in practice.

Résumé de l'inventionSummary of the invention

Le but de la présente invention est de pallier tout ou partie les inconvénients cités précédemment en proposant un appairage amélioré d'un spiral en quartz avec son balancier.The object of the present invention is to overcome all or part of the disadvantages mentioned above by proposing an improved pairing of a quartz spiral with its balance.

A cet effet, l'invention se rapporte à un résonateur comportant un spiral formé dans un cristal de quartz monocristallin d'axes cristallographiques x, y, z, l'axe x, étant l'axe électrique et l'axe y l'axe mécanique, et coopérant avec un balancier caractérisé en ce que le coefficient de dilatation du balancier est compris entre +6 ppm.°C-1 et +12 ppm.°C-1 pour un angle de coupe du spiral par rapport à l'axe z dudit cristal de quartz monocristallin compris entre -5° et +5° afin d'appairer le balancier avec le spiral.For this purpose, the invention relates to a resonator comprising a spiral formed in a monocrystalline quartz crystal of x, y, z crystallographic axes, the x axis being the electric axis and the y axis the axis. mechanical, and cooperating with a balance characterized in that the coefficient of expansion of the balance is between +6 ppm. ° C -1 and +12 ppm. ° C -1 for a cutting angle of the spiral with respect to the axis z of said monocrystalline quartz crystal between -5 ° and + 5 ° in order to pair the balance with the hairspring.

Conformément à d'autres caractéristiques avantageuses de l'invention :

  • le coefficient de dilatation du balancier est sensiblement égale à +9 ppm.°C-1 pour un angle de coupe du spiral par rapport à l'axe z dudit cristal de quartz monocristallin sensiblement égale à +2° ;
  • le balancier comporte du titane et/ou du durimphy et/ou du platine.
According to other advantageous features of the invention:
  • the coefficient of expansion of the balance is substantially equal to +9 ppm. ° C -1 for a cutting angle of the spiral with respect to the z axis of said single-crystal quartz crystal substantially equal to + 2 °;
  • the balance comprises titanium and / or durimphy and / or platinum.

Description sommaire des dessinsBrief description of the drawings

D'autres particularités et avantages ressortiront clairement de la description qui en est faite ci-après, à titre indicatif et nullement limitatif, en référence aux dessins annexés, dans lesquels :

  • les figures 1 et 2 représentent schématiquement l'angle de coupe θ d'un spiral dans un monocristal de quartz selon l'invention ;
  • la figure 3 représente schématiquement un résonateur balancier - spiral selon l'invention.
Other particularities and advantages will emerge clearly from the description which is given hereinafter, by way of indication and in no way limiting, with reference to the appended drawings, in which:
  • the Figures 1 and 2 schematically represent the cutting angle θ of a hairspring in a quartz single crystal according to the invention;
  • the figure 3 schematically represents a balance-spring resonator according to the invention.

Description détaillée des modes de réalisation préférésDetailed Description of the Preferred Embodiments

Comme illustré à la figure 3, l'invention se rapporte à un résonateur 1 du type balancier 3 - spiral 5. Le balancier 3 et le spiral 5 sont préférentiellement montés sur le même axe 7. Dans un tel résonateur 1, le moment d'inertie I du balancier 3 répond à la formule : I = mr 2

Figure imgb0001

dans laquelle m représente la masse et r le rayon de giration qui dépend évidemment du coefficient de dilatation α b du balancier.As illustrated in figure 3 , the invention relates to a resonator 1 of the balance 3-spiral type 5. The balance 3 and the spiral 5 are preferably mounted on the same axis 7. In such a resonator 1, the moment of inertia I of the balance 3 responds to the formula: I = mr 2
Figure imgb0001
in which m represents the mass and r the radius of gyration, which obviously depends on the coefficient of expansion α b of the pendulum.

De plus, la constante élastique C du spiral 5 répond à la formule : C = Ehe 3 12 ⁢ L

Figure imgb0002

dans laquelle E est le module d'Young du spiral, h sa hauteur, e son épaisseur et L sa longueur développée.In addition, the elastic constant C of the spiral 5 corresponds to the formula: VS = ehe 3 12 ⁢ The
Figure imgb0002
in which E is the Young's modulus of the spiral, h its height, e its thickness and L its developed length.

Enfin, la fréquence f du résonateur 1 balancier-spiral répond à la formule : f = 1 2 ⁢ π ⁢ C I

Figure imgb0003
Finally, the frequency f of the spring-balance resonator 1 corresponds to the formula: f = 1 2 ⁢ π ⁢ VS I
Figure imgb0003

Bien entendu, il est souhaité que la variation de la fréquence en fonction de la température d'un résonateur soit sensiblement nulle. La variation de la fréquence en fonction de la température dans le cas d'un résonateur balancier-spiral suit sensiblement la formule suivante : Δ ⁢ f f ⁢ 1 Δ ⁢ T = 1 2 ∂ E ∂ T ⁢ 1 E + 3 ⋅ α s - 2 ⋅ α b

Figure imgb0004

où :

  • Δ ⁢ f f = 1 Δ ⁢ T
    Figure imgb0005
     est la variation de fréquence en fonction de la température;
  • ∂ E ∂ T ⁢ 1 E
    Figure imgb0006
     est la variation du module d'Young en fonction de la température, c'est-à-dire le coefficient thermoélastique (CTE) du spiral ;
  • α s le coefficient de dilatation du spiral, exprimé en ppm.°C-1 ;
  • α b le coefficient de dilatation du balancier, exprimé en ppm.°C-1 ;
Of course, it is desired that the variation of the frequency as a function of the temperature of a resonator is substantially zero. The variation of the frequency as a function of the temperature in the case of a balance-spring resonator substantially follows the following formula: Δ ⁢ f f ⁢ 1 Δ ⁢ T = 1 2 ∂ E ∂ T ⁢ 1 E + 3 ⋅ α s - 2 ⋅ α b
Figure imgb0004
or :
  • Δ ⁢ f f = 1 Δ ⁢ T
    Figure imgb0005
     is the frequency variation as a function of temperature;
  • ∂ E ∂ T ⁢ 1 E
    Figure imgb0006
     is the variation of the Young's modulus as a function of the temperature, that is to say the thermoelastic coefficient (CTE) of the spiral;
  • α s the coefficient of expansion of the spiral, expressed in ppm. ° C -1 ;
  • α b the pendulum expansion coefficient, expressed in ppm ° C -1 ;

Les oscillations de tout résonateur destiné à une base de temps ou de fréquence devant être entretenues, la dépendance thermique comprend également une contribution éventuelle du système d'entretien comme, par exemple, un échappement à ancre suisse (non représenté) coopérant avec la cheville 9 du plateau 11 également monté sur l'axe 7.Oscillations of any resonator for a time base or frequency to be maintained, the thermal dependence also includes a possible contribution of the maintenance system such as, for example, a Swiss lever escapement (not shown) cooperating with the ankle 9 of the plate 11 also mounted on the axis 7.

Comme illustré aux figures 1 et 2, l'invention concerne plus particulièrement un résonateur 1 dans lequel le spiral 5 est formé à partir d'un monocristal de quartz d'axes cristallographiques x, y, z, l'axe x, étant l'axe électrique et l'axe y l'axe mécanique. On peut voir à ces figures que la hauteur h des spires a sensiblement la même orientation que l'axe cristallographique z. Plus précisément la hauteur h forme, avec l'axe z, un angle θ qui peut être positif ou négatif. La modification de cet angle 0 permet de faire varier les caractéristiques du spiral 5 sans avoir à en modifier la géométrie.As illustrated in Figures 1 and 2 the invention more particularly relates to a resonator 1 in which the hairspring 5 is formed from a quartz monocrystal of crystallographic axes x, y, z, the x axis being the electric axis and the y axis. the mechanical axis. It can be seen from these figures that the height h of the turns has substantially the same orientation as the crystallographic axis z. More precisely, the height h forms, with the axis z, an angle θ which can be positive or negative. The modification of this angle 0 makes it possible to vary the characteristics of the spiral 5 without having to modify the geometry.

On comprend donc à partir des formules (1)-(4) qu'il est possible d'appairer le spiral 5 avec le balancier 3 afin que la fréquence f du résonateur 1 soit quasiment insensible aux variations de température. L'utilisation du quartz pour la fabrication d'un spiral 5 offre également l'avantage, outre ses excellentes caractéristiques thermiques, de posséder aussi d'excellentes propriétés mécaniques et chimiques, en particulier au niveau du vieillissement et de la très faible sensibilité aux champs magnétiques.It is thus understood from formulas (1) - (4) that it is possible to match the hairspring 5 with the balance 3 so that the frequency f of the resonator 1 is almost insensitive to temperature variations. The use of quartz for the manufacture of a spiral 5 also offers the advantage, besides its excellent thermal characteristics, of also possessing excellent mechanical and chemical properties, in particular in terms of aging and the very low sensitivity to magnetic fields.

Pour un angle de coupe θ sensiblement égale à +2°, il a ainsi empiriquement été trouvé qu'un coefficient de dilatation α b du balancier 3 devait être sensiblement égale à +9 ppm.°C-1 pour obtenir un coefficient thermique sensiblement égale à + 0,06 S.j-1.°C-1 qui est très en-dessous des conditions COSC égalent à ± 0,6 s.j-1.°C-1.For a cutting angle θ substantially equal to + 2 °, it has thus empirically been found that a coefficient of expansion α b of the balance 3 should be substantially equal to +9 ppm. ° C -1 to obtain a substantially equal thermal coefficient at + 0.06 Sj -1 . ° C -1 which is well below the COSC conditions equal to ± 0.6 sj -1 . ° C -1 .

Plus généralement, pour que le coefficient thermique de résonateur 1 reste sensiblement à ± 0,1 s.f-1.°C-1, c'est-à-dire toujours dans les conditions COSC, et pour un angle θ de coupe du spiral 5 par rapport à l'axe z du cristal de quartz monocristallin compris entre -5° et +5°, le coefficient de dilatation α b du balancier 3 est compris entre +6 ppm.°C-1 et +12 ppm.°C-1.More generally, so that the thermal coefficient of resonator 1 remains substantially at ± 0.1 sf -1 ° C. -1 , that is to say always in the COSC conditions, and for a cutting angle θ of the hairspring 5 relative to the z-axis of the single-crystal crystal between -5 ° and + 5 °, the expansion coefficient α b of the balance 3 is between +6 ppm. ° C -1 and +12 ppm. ° C - 1 .

Pour respecter ces coefficients de dilatation α b, le balancier 3 peut notamment comporter du titane et/ou du durimphy (symbole AFNOR : Z2NKD 18-09-05) et/ou du platine. De plus, avantageusement, on notera que le durimphy peut être faiblement sensible aux champs magnétiques selon sa température de revenu.In order to respect these coefficients of expansion α b , the balance 3 may notably comprise titanium and / or durimphy (symbol AFNOR: Z2NKD 18-09-05) and / or platinum. In addition, advantageously, it will be noted that durimphy may be slightly sensitive to magnetic fields depending on its temperature of return.

Bien entendu, la présente invention ne se limite pas à l'exemple illustré mais est susceptible de diverses variantes et modifications qui apparaîtront à l'homme de l'art. En particulier, tout autre matériau du balancier 3 respectant les coefficients de dilatation expliqués ci-dessus peuvent être utilisés.Of course, the present invention is not limited to the illustrated example but is susceptible of various variations and modifications that will occur to those skilled in the art. In particular, any other material of the balance 3 respecting the expansion coefficients explained above can be used.

Claims (3)

Résonateur (1) comportant un spiral (5) formé dans un cristal de quartz monocristallin d'axes cristallographiques x, y, z, l'axe x, étant l'axe électrique et l'axe y l'axe mécanique, et coopérant avec un balancier (3) caractérisé en ce que le coefficient de dilatation (α b ) du balancier (3) est compris entre +6 ppm.°C-1 et +12 ppm.°C-1 pour un angle (θ) de coupe du spiral (5) par rapport à l'axe z dudit cristal de quartz monocristallin compris entre -5° et +5° afin d'appairer le balancier (3) avec le spiral (5).Resonator (1) comprising a spiral (5) formed in a monocrystalline quartz crystal of x, y, z crystallographic axes, the x axis being the electric axis and the y axis the mechanical axis, and cooperating with a pendulum (3) characterized in that the coefficient of expansion (α b ) of the balance (3) is between +6 ppm. ° C -1 and +12 ppm. ° C -1 for a cutting angle (θ) the spiral (5) with respect to the z axis of said monocrystalline quartz crystal between -5 ° and + 5 ° in order to pair the balance (3) with the spiral (5). Résonateur (1) selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé en ce que le coefficient de dilatation (α b ) du balancier (3) est sensiblement égale à +9 ppm.°C-1 pour un angle (θ) de coupe du spiral (5) par rapport à l'axe z dudit cristal de quartz monocristallin sensiblement égale à +2°.Resonator (1) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the coefficient of expansion (α b ) of the balance (3) is substantially equal to +9 ppm. ° C -1 for a cutting angle (θ) of the spiral (5 ) with respect to the z-axis of said monocrystalline quartz crystal substantially equal to + 2 °. Résonateur (1) selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que le balancier (3) comporte du titane et/ou du durimphy et/ou du platine.Resonator (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the rocker (3) comprises titanium and / or durimphy and / or platinum.
EP12182973.3A 2012-09-04 2012-09-04 Paired balance wheel - hairspring resonator Withdrawn EP2703909A1 (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP12182973.3A EP2703909A1 (en) 2012-09-04 2012-09-04 Paired balance wheel - hairspring resonator
EP13179958.7A EP2703910B1 (en) 2012-09-04 2013-08-09 Paired balance wheel - hairspring resonator
US14/011,892 US9030920B2 (en) 2012-09-04 2013-08-28 Resonator with matched balance spring and balance
RU2013140777A RU2643195C2 (en) 2012-09-04 2013-09-03 Resonator with matched balance spring and balance
JP2013182787A JP6328392B2 (en) 2012-09-04 2013-09-04 Resonator with adapted balance spring and balance
CN201310397316.4A CN103676600B (en) 2012-09-04 2013-09-04 There is the hairspring of coupling and the resonator of escapement

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EP12182973.3A EP2703909A1 (en) 2012-09-04 2012-09-04 Paired balance wheel - hairspring resonator

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EP2703909A1 true EP2703909A1 (en) 2014-03-05

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EP13179958.7A Active EP2703910B1 (en) 2012-09-04 2013-08-09 Paired balance wheel - hairspring resonator

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EP (2) EP2703909A1 (en)
JP (1) JP6328392B2 (en)
CN (1) CN103676600B (en)
RU (1) RU2643195C2 (en)

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EP3502786A1 (en) * 2017-12-22 2019-06-26 The Swatch Group Research and Development Ltd Balance for timepiece and method for manufacturing such a balance

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EP3502787A1 (en) * 2017-12-22 2019-06-26 The Swatch Group Research and Development Ltd Method for manufacturing a balance for a timepiece
EP3502786A1 (en) * 2017-12-22 2019-06-26 The Swatch Group Research and Development Ltd Balance for timepiece and method for manufacturing such a balance
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US11809137B2 (en) 2017-12-22 2023-11-07 The Swatch Group Research And Development Ltd Balance for timepieces and method for manufacturing the same

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CN103676600A (en) 2014-03-26
EP2703910B1 (en) 2019-05-08
EP2703910A2 (en) 2014-03-05
EP2703910A3 (en) 2014-05-14
US9030920B2 (en) 2015-05-12
RU2643195C2 (en) 2018-01-31
US20140064044A1 (en) 2014-03-06
CN103676600B (en) 2016-09-07
JP2014052374A (en) 2014-03-20
JP6328392B2 (en) 2018-05-23
RU2013140777A (en) 2015-03-10

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