Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D239/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings
  • C07D239/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings
  • C07D239/24—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D239/28—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D239/32—One oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen atom
  • C07D239/42—One nitrogen atom
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
  • C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
  • C07D401/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D403/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00
  • C07D403/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings
  • C07D403/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D403/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00
  • C07D403/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings
  • C07D403/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D405/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
  • C07D405/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings
  • C07D405/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D405/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
  • C07D405/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings
  • C07D405/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D405/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
  • C07D405/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing three or more hetero rings
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D409/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07D409/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
  • C07D409/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D413/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07D413/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
  • C07D413/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D417/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00
  • C07D417/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings
  • C07D417/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D417/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00
  • C07D417/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing three or more hetero rings

Definitions

• Glycolysis is a metabolic pathway in which sugars are degraded to generate energy (ATP).
• ATP energy
• the rate o f glycolysis is regulated by the enzymes hexokinase.
• phosphofructokinase, and pyruvate kinase These enzymes catalyze irreversible reactions, and each is controlled to meet metabolic needs.
• Phosphofructokinase is the most important control point in glycolysis, and the rate limiting enzyme 6-phosphofructo- l -kinase (PF - 1 ) normally controls the rate of glycolysis.
• PFKFB 6- phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase
• PFKFB3 Unlike normal healthy cells, cancer cells maintain a high glycolic rate for ATP production, even under aerobic conditions. The glycolic rate can be up to 200 times greater in malignant, rapidly-growing tumor cells. This is known as the Warburg effect.
• One of the four PFKFB isozymes, PFKFB3 is responsible for encoding an inducible form of 6- phosphofructose-2-kinase, iPFK-2.
• PFK.FB3 is expressed at high levels in tumor cell lines. Treatment with specific antisense oligonucleotides reverses this high expression of PFKFB3 in tumor cells, shrinking the tumors in vivo.
• PFKFB3 is also essential for Ras-mediated transformation, as shown in vitro by soft agar colony formation and in vivo by
• iPFK-2 which is encoded by PFKFB3. is a potent allosteric activator of PFK- 1 , the rate-limiting enzyme in glycolysis. iPFK-2 thus functions as an activator of anaerobic glycolysis within the hypoxic microenvironmenl of growing tumors. Blocking the activity of iPFK-2 can decrease tumor growth by reducing the extremely high rate of glycosis in cancer cells. Inhibition of i PFK-2 is thus useful for the treatment of a wide variety of cancers.
• Regulation of the rate of glycolysis by inhibiting iPFK-2 can also be useful in the treatment of a range of other disorders, including, but not limited to, metabolic disorders, autoimmune disorders, Alzheimer's disease, muscular dystrophy, and osteoarthritis.
• W is a branched or straight C M? aliphatic chain wherein up to two carbon units are optionally and independently replaced by -C(Qt) 2 -, -C(Q 2 ) 2 -, -CHQi-, -CHQ 2 -, -CO-, -CS-, -CONR' ⁇ -CONR A R A -.
• each R A is independently hydrogen, Cj.s aliphatic; cycloaliphatic,
• heterocycloaliphatic, aryl, or heteroaryl optionally substituted with 1 -3 of Qi, Q 2 , or Q3;
• . X 2, and X3 are each independently absent or are a cycloaliphatic
• Y is absent or is a branched or straight C 1.12 aliphatic chain wherein up to two carbon units are optionally and independently replaced by -C(Q
• each R Lt is independently hydrogen, C
• heterocycloaliphatic, aryl, or heteroaryl optionally substituted with 1 -3 of Qi, Q 2 , or Q3 ;
• Z is independently hydrogen, C
• L is absent or is NH, N(C
• Ring A is a monocyclic, bicyclic, or tricyclic cycloaliphatic, heterocycloaliphatic, aryl, or heteroaryl, any of which may be optionally substituted with 1 -3 of halo, -OH, oxo, -CF 3 , -OCF 3 , cyano, or a C
• each Q 2 is independently hydrogen, aliphatic, alkoxy, cycloaliphatic. aryl, arylalkyl, heterocyclic, or heteroaryl ring, each optionally including 1-3 substituents independently- selected from Q ;
• each Q 3 is halo, oxo, CN, N0 2 , NH 2 , CF 3 , OCF 3 , OH, -COOH or Ci-C alkyl optionally substituted with 1 -3 of halo, oxo, -CN. -N0 2 , -CF 3 , -OCF 3 , -OH, -SH, -S(0) 3 H, - NH 2 , or -COOH;
• the invention is directed to a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of formula I and a pharmaceutically acceptable earner, excipient, or diluent.
• the invention is directed to a method of treating a disease or disorder mediated by IPFK-2. comprising administering to a subject in need of such treatment a compound of formula I or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of formula I.
• the symbol "-" indicates a single bond, indicates a double bond, indicates a triple bond, and " " indicates a single or double bond.
• the symbol : vvw " refers to a group on a double bond as occupying either position on the terminus of a double bond to which the symbol is attached; that is. the geometry, E- or Z-, of the double bond is ambiguous. When a group is depicted as removed from its parent formula, the symbol will be used at the end of the bond which was theoretically cleaved in order to separate the group from its parent structural formula.
• the "R” group may reside on either the 5-membered or the 6-membered ring of the fused or bridged ring system.
• administration and variants thereof (e.g., “administering” a compound) in reference to a compound of the invention means introducing the compound or a prodrug of the compound into the system of the animal in need of treatment.
• a compound of the invention or prodrug thereof is provided in combination with one or more other active agents (e.g., surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, etc.)
• “administration” and its variants are each understood to include concurrent and sequential introduction of the Compound or prodrug thereof and other agents.
• “optional” or “optionally” means that the subsequently described event or circumstance may or may not occur, and that the description includes instances where said event or circumstance occurs and instances in which it does not.
• aliphatic encompasses the terms alkyl, alkenyl, and alkynyl.
• cycloaliphatic means a saturated or partially unsaturated monocyclic, bicyclic, or tricyclic hydrocarbon ring that has a single point of attachment to the rest of the molecule.
• Cycloaliphatic rings are 3- to 8-membered monocyclic rings (e.g., 3- to 6-membered rings).
• Cycloaliphatic rings also include 8- to 12-membered bicyclic hydrocarbon rings, (e.g., 10-membered bicyclic hydrocarbon rings).
• a cycloaliphatic group encompasses both "cycloalkyl” groups and "cycloalkenyF' groups.
• heterocycloaliphatic and “heterocyclic” encompass heterocycloalkyl groups and heterocycloalkenyl groups.
• heterocycloalkyl refers to a 3- to 10-membered mono cyclic or bicyclic (including fused and bridged) (e.g., 5- to 10-membered monocyclic or bicyclic) saturated ring structure, in which one or more of the ring atoms is a heteroatom (e.g.. N, O, S, or combinations thereof).
• heterocycloalkyl groups include, but are not limited to, optionally substituted piperidyl, piperazyl, telrahydropyranyl,
• a monocyclic heterocycloalkyl group may be fused with a phenyl moiety, such as tetrahydroisoquinoline.
• Heterocycloalkyl ring structures can be optionally substituted at any chemically viable position on the ring or rings.
• heterocycloalkenyl refers to a monocyclic or bicylic (e.g., 5- to 10-membered monocyclic or bicyclic) non-aromatic ring structure having one or more double bonds, and wherein one or more of the ring atoms is a heteroatom (e.g., N, O, S, or combinations thereof)-
• heterocycloalkenyls include, but are not limited to, 2- pyrrolyl, 3-pyrrolyl, 2-imidazolyl, and 2-pyrazolyl.
• Monocyclic heteroaliphatics, including both heterocycloakyls and heterocycloalkenyls are numbered according to standard chemical nomenclature. For instance:
• a heterocycloalkyl or heterocycloalkenyl group can be optionally substituted with one or more substituents. including, but not limited to, alkyl (e.g. carboxyalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, and haloalkyl, such as trifluoromethyl), alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, (cycloalkyl)alkyl, heterocycloalkyl (e.g., benzimidazolidinyl), (hetei ocycloalkyl)alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, alkoxy (wherein two alkoxy groups on the same atom or adjacent atoms may form a ring together with the atom(s) to which they are bound), cycloalkyloxy, heterocycloalkyloxy, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, aralkyloxy, heteroaralky!oxy. aroyl, heteroaroyl, amino, nitro, carboxy, alkoxy
• heterocycloalkyl alkylcarbonylamino, heteroarylcarbonylamino,
• heteroaralkylcarbonylamino cyano. halo, hydroxyl, acyh mercapto, sulfonyl (e.g..
• alkylsulfonyl or aryl sulfonyl sulfinyl (e.g., alkylsulfinyl).
• sulfanyl e.g., alkylsulfanyl
• sulfoxy urea, thiourea, sulfamoyl, sulfamide, oxo, and carbamoyl.
• substituted heterocycloaliphatics include, but are not limited to, alkoxycarbonylheterocycloalkyl (e.g., ethoxycarbonyltropane),
• alkoxycarbonylheterocycloalkyl e.g., ethoxycarbonylpiperidyl
• alkoxycarbonylheterocycloalkyl e.g., ethoxycarbonylpiperidyl
• a “heteroaryl” group refers to a monocyclic, bicyclic, or tricyclic ring structure having 4 to 1 5 ring atoms, wherein one or more of the ring atoms is a heteroatom (e.g., N, O, S, or combinations thereof), and wherein one or more rings of the bicyclic or tricyclic ring structure is aromatic.
• Heteroaryl groups include benzofused ring systems having 2 to 3 rings. Examples of benzofused groups include, but are not limited to, phenyl fused with one or two C .s heterocyclic moieties (e.g., indolizyl.
• indolyl isoindolyl, 3 H-indolyl, indolinyl. benzo[Z)] furyl, benzo[7>]thiophenyl : quinolinyl. or isoquinolinyl).
• heteroaryls include, but are not limited to azetidinyl, pyridyl, 1 H- indazolyl, furyl, pyrrolyl, thienyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, imidazolyl, tetrazolyl, benzofuryl, isoquinolinyl, benzthiazolyl, xanthene. thioxanthene.
• phenothiazine dihydroindole, benzo[l ,3]dioxole, benzo[Z>]furyl, benzo[Z>]thiophenyl, indazolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzthiazolyl, puryl, cinnolyl, quinolyl, quinazolyl.cinnolyl. phthalazyl, quinazolyi, quinoxalyL isoquinolyl, 4H-quinolizyl, benzo- l ,2,5-thiadiazolyl, and 1 ,8-naphthyridyl.
• Monocyclic heteroaryls include, but are not limited to, fury I, thiophenyl, 2H- pyrrolyl, pyrrolyl, oxazolyl, thazolyl. imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, isoxazolyl. isothiazolyl, 1 ,3,4- thiadiazolyl, 2H-pyranyl. 4-H-pranyl, pyridyl, pyridazyl. pyrimidyl, pyrazolyl, pyrazyl, and 1 ,3.5-triazyl. Monocyclic heteroaryls are numbered according to standard chemical nomenclature. For example:
• Bicyclic heteroaryls include, but are not limited to, indolizyl. indolyl, isoindolyl, 3H-indolyl, indolinyl, benzo[6]furyl, benzo[0]thiophenyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, indolizyl, isoindolyl, indazolyl. benzimidazyl. benzthiazolyl, purinyl, 4H-quinolizyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl. cinnolyl, phthalazyl. quinazolyi, quinoxalyl, 1 ,8-naphthyridyl. and pteridyl. Bicyclic heteroaryls are numbered according to standard chemical nomenclature. For example:
• Heteroaryls are optionally substituted with one or more substituents, including, but not limited to, aliphatic groups, including alkyl (e.g., alkoxyalkyl, carboxyalkyl.
• cyanoalkvl aminoaikyl, oxoalkyl. alkoxycarbonylalkyl. (cycloalkyl)alkyl heterocycloalkyl, (heterocycloalkyl)alkyl aralkyl, or haloalkyl. such as trinuoromethyl), alkenyl, and alkynyl; cycloaliphatic. including cycloalkyl (e.g., cyclopropyl.
• heterocycloaliphatic including heterocylcoalkyl (e.g., thiomorpholyl, piperazinyl, 1 ,3,5-trithianyl, morpholinyl, pyrrol l, 1 ,3-dioxolanyl, pyrazolidyl, or piperidinyl): aryl; heteroaryl (e.g., quinolyl, indolyl, 3H-indolyl, isoindolyl, benzo[Z>]-4H- pyranyl, cinnolyl, quinoxylyl.
• heterocylcoalkyl e.g., thiomorpholyl, piperazinyl, 1 ,3,5-trithianyl, morpholinyl, pyrrol l, 1 ,3-dioxolanyl, pyrazolidyl, or piperidinyl
• aryl e.g., quinolyl, ind
• benzimidazyl benzo- l ,2,5-tliiadiazolyl, benzo- 1 ,2,5- oxadiazolyl, or benzthiophenyl
• alkoxy cycloalkyloxy; heterocycloalkyloxy; aryloxy; heleroaryloxy; aralkyloxy; heteroaralkyloxy; aroyl; heferoaroyl
• amino e.g., carbonylamino, alkylcarbonylamino, alkylsul fonylamino, arylcarbonylamino, cycloalkylcarbonylamino, arylcarbonylamino, heteroarylcarbonylamino, (lieterocycloalkyl)carbonylamino,
• cycloalkylalkylcarbonylamino sul fanylamino, or (heterocycloalkyl)alkylcarbonylamino); nitro; carboxy; carbonyl (e.g., alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, aminocarbonyl,
• aminoalkylaminocarbonyl alkylcarbonyloxy; cyano; halo; hydroxyl; acyl; mercapto; sulfonyl (e.g., aminosulfonyl, alkylsul lbnyl, moipholinesLilfonyl, or arylsulfonyl); sulfinyl (e.g., alkylsulfinyl); sulfanyl (e.g., alkylsulfanyl); sulfoxy; urea; thiourea; sulfamoyl;
• substituted heteroaryls include, but are not limited to, haloheteroaryl, alkoxycarbonylheteroaryl, alkylaminoalkylaminocarbonylheteroaryl, dihalpheteroaryl, cyanoheteroaryl, aminoheteroaryl, alkylcaibonylaininoheteroaryl, cyanoalkylheteroaryl, alkoxyheteroaryl, aminosulfonylheteroaryl, alkylsulfonylheteroaryl, aminoheteroaryl, aminoheteroaryl, aminoheteroaryl, hydroxyalkylheteroaryl, alkoxyalkylheteroaryl, hydroxyheteroaryl, carboxyalkylheteroaryl, dialkylaminoalkylheteroaryl, heterocycloaliphaticheteroaryl, heteroarylaminocarbonylheteroaryl, nitroalkylhe
• alkylsulfonylaminoalkylheteroaryl heterocycloaliphaticcarbonylheteroaryl, alkylsulfonyla!kylheteroaryl, cyanoalkylheteroaryl, heterocycloaliphaticcarbonylheleroaryl, alkylcarbonylaminoheteroaryl.
• an "aryl” group used alone or as part of a larger moiety as in “aralkyl”, “aralkoxy”, or “aryloxyalkyl,” refers to monocyclic (e.g., phenyl), bicyclic (e.g., indenyl, naphthalenyl, tetrahydronaphthyl, or tetrahydroindenyl), tricyclic (e.g., fluorenyl, telrahydrofluorenyl, anthracenyl, or tetrahydroanthracenyl), or benzofused group with 3 rings.
• monocyclic e.g., phenyl
• bicyclic e.g., indenyl, naphthalenyl, tetrahydronaphthyl, or tetrahydroindenyl
• tricyclic e.g., fluorenyl, telrahydrofluorenyl,
• benzofused groups include, but are not limited to, phenyl fused with two or more C4. carbocyclic moieties.
• An aryl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents, including, but not limited to, aliphatic (e.g., alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl);
• cycloalkyl (cycloalkyl)alkyl; heterocycloalkyl; (heterocycloalkyl)alkyl; aryl; heteroaryl; alkoxy; cycloalkyloxy; heterocycloalkyloxy; aryloxy; heteroaryloxy; aralkyloxy;
• heteroaralkyloxy aroyl; heteroaroyl; amino; aniinoalkyl; nitro; carboxy; carbonyl (e.g., alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyl, aniinocarbonyl, (alkylamino)alkylarninocarbonyl, arylaminocarbonyl, heteroarylaminocarbonyl, or sulfonylcarbonyl); aryalkylcarbonyloxy; sulfonyl (e.g., alkylsulfonyl or aminosulfonyl); sulfinyl (e.g., alkylsulfinyl); sulfanyl (e.g., alkylsulfanyl); cyano; halo; hydroxyl; acyl; mercapto; sulfoxy; urea; thiourea; sulfamoyl; sulfamide; oxo; or carbamo
• substituted aryls include, but are not limited to, haloaryl,
• alkoxycarbonylaryl alkylaminoalkylaminocarbonylaryl, ,w-dihaloaryl, p-amino- '- alkoxycarbonylaryl, M-amino-w-cyanoaryl, aminoaryl, alkylcarbonylaminoaryl,
• cyanoalkylaryl alkoxyaryl, aniinosulfonylaryl, alkylsulfonylaryl, aminoaryl, p- a ⁇ o-m- aminoaryl.
• alkylsulfonylalkylaryl cyanoalkylaryl, heterocycloaliphaticcarbonylaryl,
• alkylcarbonylaminoaryl hydroxyalkylaryl. alkylcarbonylaryl. aminocarbonylaryl, alkylsulibnylaminoaryl, dialkylaminoaryl, alkylaryl, and trihaloalkylaryl.
• halogen or halo group refers to fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine.
• an "alkyl” group refers to a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group containing 1 to 8 (e.g., 1 to 6 or 1 to 4) carbon atoms.
• An alkyl group can be straight or branched. Examples of alkyl groups include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, n-heptyl, and 2-ethylhexyl.
• An alkyl group can be optionally substituted with one or more substituents, including, but not limited to, halo, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, alkoxy, aroyl, heteroaroyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyloxy, nitro, cyano, amino, acyl, sulfonyl, sulfinyl, sulfanyl, sulfoxy, urea, thiourea, sulfamoyl, sulfamide, oxo, carbamoyl, cycloalkyloxy,
• heterocycloalkyloxy aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, aralkyloxy. heteroarylalkoxy, and hydroxyl.
• substituted alkyls include, but are not limited to, alkylcarbonylalkyl, carboxyalkyl, cyanoalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, carbonylalkyl, carboxyalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, oxoalkyl, aralkyl, alkoxyaralkyl, (alkylsulfonylamino)alkyl,
• (sulfonylamino)alkyl carbonylaminoalkyl, aminocarbonylalkyl, cycloaliphaticalkyl, cyanoalkyl, aniinoalkyl, oxoalkyl, alkoxycarbonylalkyl. (alkoxycarbonylheterocycloalkyl)alkyl. (cycloalkyl)alklyl, (cycloalkenyl)alkyl,
• heterocycloalkyl alkyl
• haloalkyl alkyl
• an "alkoxy” group refers to an alkyl-O- group, wherein ; 'alkyl" has been defined previously. Moreover, an alkoxy group includes structures comprising two alkoxy groups on the same atom or adjacent atoms that form a ring together with the atom(s) to which they are bound.
• yield for each of the reactions described herein is expressed as a percentage of the theoretical yield.
• Certain compounds of Formula I have two or more asymmetric centers and therefore can exist in a number of stereoisomers configurations. Consequently, the compounds of the present invention can occur as mixtures of enantiomers and as individual (pure) enantiomers, as well as diastereomers and mixtures of different diastereomers.
• the present invention includes al l such enantiomers and diastereomers and mixtures thereof in all ratios.
• compounds of Formula I include a cycloalkyl group about which geometric cis/trans isomers are possible.
• the scope of the present invention includes all stereoisomers, as well as all geometric isomers and tautomeric forms ("tautomers") of the compounds of formula 1, and all mixtures thereof in any ratio. It will be appreciated by one skilled in the art that a single compound may exhibit more than one type of isomerism.
• Compounds of the present invention may be resolved into the pure enantiomers by methods known to those skilled in the art. for example by formation of diastereoisomeric salts which may be separated, for example, by crystallization; formation of diastereoisomeric derivatives or complexes which may be separated, for example, by crystallization, gas-liquid or liquid chromatography; selective reaction of one enantiomer with an enantiomer-specific reagent, for example enzymatic esterificalion; or gas-liquid or liquid chromatography in a chiral environment, for example on a chiral support with a bound chiral ligand or in the presence of a chiral solvent.
• the desired stereoisomer is converted into another chemical entity by one of the separation procedures described above, a further step is required to liberate the desired enantiomeric form.
• the specific stereoisomers may be synthesized by using an optically active starting material, by asymmetric synthesis using optically active reagents, substrates, catalysts or solvents, or by converting one stereoisomer into the other by asymmetric transformation or inversion.
• intermediates in the course of the synthesis may exist as racemic mixtures and be subjected to resolution by methods known to those skilled in the art, for example by formation of diastereoisomeric salts which may be separated, for example, by crystallization; formation of diastereoisomeric derivatives or complexes which may be separated, for example, by crystallization, gas-liquid or liquid chromatography; selective reaction of one enantiomer with an enanliomer-specific reagent, for example enzymatic esterification; or gas- liquid or liquid chromatography in a chiral environment, for example on a chiral support with a bound chiral ligand or in the presence of a chiral solvent.
• stereoisomers may be synthesized by asymmetric synthesis using optically active reagents, substrates, catalysts or solvents, or by converting one stereoisomer into the other by asymmetric transformation or inversion.
• a compound of the invention contains an alkenyl or alkenylene group
• geometric cis/trans (or Z/E) isomers are possible.
• the compounds of the invention exist as cis and trans configurations and as mixtures thereof.
• Cis/lrans isomers may be separated by conventional techniques well known to those skilled in the art, for example, chromatography and fractional crystallization.
• tautomeric isomerism ( ' tautomerism ' ) can occur.
• This can take the form of proton tautomerism in compounds of the invention containing, for example, an imino, keto. or oxime group, or so- called valence tautomerism in compounds which contain an aromatic moiety. It follows that a single compound may exhibit more than one type of isomerism. All such tautomeric forms are included within the scope of the present invention.
• Tautomers exist as mixtures of a tautomeric set in solution. In solid form, usually one tautomer predominates. Even though one tautomer may be described, the present invention includes all tautomers of the present compounds.
• compositions and methods of treatment that employ or contain compounds of formula I, either by themselves or in combination with additional agents, similarly encompass all stereoisomers, geometric isomers and tautomeric forms of the compounds, and mixtures thereof in any ratio.
• the compounds of the present invention may exist in unsolvated as well as solvated forms with pharmaceutically acceptable solvents such as water, ethanol, and the like. It should be understood that pharmaceutically acceptable solvents includes isotopically substituted solvents such as D 2 0, dc-DMSO and the like.
• the term 'solvate' is used herein to describe a complex comprising the compound of the invention and one or more
• the present invention also includes all pharmaceutically acceptable isolopically- labelled compounds, which are identical to those described by Formula I but wherein one or more atoms are replaced by atoms having an atomic mass or mass number different from the atomic mass or mass number usually found in nature.
• isotopes that may be incorporated into compounds of the invention include isotopes of hydrogen, carbon, chlorine, fluorine, iodine, nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, such as 2 H, 3 H, "C, l C, 1 C, 36 C1, I S F, l 23 I, .' 2: ⁇ , 13 N, N, "O, l 7 0, 1!i O and 35 S, respectively.
• compounds of the present invention prodrugs thereof, and pharmaceutical acceptable salts of the compounds or of the prodrugs which contain the aforementioned isotopes and/or other isotopes of other atoms are within the scope of the invention.
• Certain isotopically labeled compounds of the present invention such as, for example, those incorporating a radioactive isotope such as 3 H and > 4 C, are useful in drug and/or substrate tissue distribution studies. Tritium, i.e. 'T-I.. and carbon- 14, i.e. 1 C, are particularly preferred due their ease of preparation and detection.
• isotopically labeled compounds of formula I of this invention and prodrugs thereof can generally be prepared by carrying out the procedures disclosed in the Schemes and/or in the Examples by substituting a readily available isotopically labeled reagent for a non-isotopically labeled reagent.
• the compounds of the invention may be isolated and used per se or in the form of their pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates.
• Pharmaceutically acceptable salts as used herein in relation to the compounds of the present invention, include pharmacologically acceptable inorganic and organic salts of said compound. These salts can be prepared in situ during the final isolation and/or purification of a compound (or prodrug), or by separately reacting the compound (or prodrug) with a suitable organic or inorganic acid and isolating the salt thus formed.
• a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a compound of formula I may be readily prepared by mixing together solutions of the compound of Formula I and the desired acid or base, as appropriate. The salt may precipitate from solution and be collected by filtration or may be recovered by evaporation of the solvent. The degree of ionization in the salt may vary from completely ionized to almost non-ionized.
• the compounds of the invention may be isolated and used per se or in the form of their pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates.
• Pharmaceutically acceptable salts as used herein in relation to the compounds of the present invention, include pharmacologically acceptable inorganic and organic salts of said compound. These salts can be prepared in situ during the final isolation and/or purification of a compound (or prodrug), or by separately reacting the compound (or prodrug) with a suitable organic or inorganic acid and isolating the salt thus formed.
• a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a compound of Formula I may be readily prepared by mixing together solutions of the compound of Formula I and the desired acid or base, as appropriate. The salt may precipitate from solution and be collected by filtration or may be recovered by evaporation of the solvent. The degree of ionization in the salt may vary from completely ionized to almost non-ionized.
• Representative salts include, but are not limited to, acetate, aspartate, benzoate, besylate, bicarbonate/carbonate, bisulphate/sulphate, borate, camsylate, citrate, edisylate, esylate, formate, fumarate, gluceptate, gluconate, glucuronate. hexafluorophosphate, hibenzate, hydrochloride/chloride, hydrobromide/bromide, hydroiodide/iodide, isethionate, lactate, malate, maleate, malonale, mesylate, methylsulphate, naphthylate, 2-napsylate, nicotinate. nitrate, orotate, oxalate, palmitate, pamoate, phosphate/hydrogen
• phosphate/dihydrogen phosphate saccharate, stearate. succinate, tartrate, tosylate.
• salts include alkali or alkaline earth metal cations such as sodium, lithium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and the like, as well as non-toxic ammonium, quaternary ammonium and amine cations including, but not limited to, ammonium, tetramethylammonium, tetraethylammonium, lysine, arginine, benzathine, choline, tromethamine, diolamine, glycine, meglumine, olamine and the like.
• the invention further includes mixtures of salt forms.
• a "patient" for the purposes of the present invention includes humans and other animals, particularly mammals, and other organisms. The methods are thus applicable to both human therapy and veterinary applications.
• the patient is a mammal, and in a more specific embodiment, the patient is human.
• a " pharmaceutically acceptable salt” of a compound means a salt that is phannaceutically acceptable and that it possesses the desired pharmacological activity of the parent compound. It is understood that the pharmaceutically acceptable salts are nontoxic. Additional information on suitable pharmaceutically acceptable salts can be found in Remington 's Pharmaceutical Sciences, 17 1 ' 1 ed., Mack Publishing Company, Easton, PA, 1985, or S. M. Berge, et al., "Pharmaceutical Salts," J. Pharm. Sci., 1977;66: 1 -1 9, both of which are incorporated herein by reference.
• Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts include, but are not limited to, those formed with inorganic acids (e.g., hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, or the like) and those formed with organic acids (e.g., acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, propionic acid, hexanoic acid, cyclopentanepropionic acid, glycolic acid, pyruvic acid, lactic acid, oxalic acid, maleic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, benzoic acid, cinnamic acid, 3-(4- hydroxybenzoyl)benzoic acid, mandelic acid, methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, 1 ,2- ethanedisulfonic acid, 2-hydi xyethanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic
• Examples of a pharmaceutically acceptable base addition salt includes those formed when an acidic proton present in the parent compound is replaced by a metal ion, including, but not limited to. sodium, potassium, lithium, ammonium, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, manganese, aluminum, and the like. Specific salts are the ammonium, potassium, sodium, calcium, and magnesium salts. Salts derived from pharmaceutically acceptable organic non-toxic bases include, but are not limited to, salts of primary, secondary, and tertiary amines, substituted amines including naturally occurring substituted amines, cyclic amines, and basic ion exchange resins.
• organic bases include, but are not limited to, isopropylamine, Irimethylamine, diethylamine. triethylamine, tripropylamine, ethanolamine, 2-dirnethylaminoelhanoL 2-diethylaminoethanol, dicyclohexylamine, lysine, arginine, histidine, caffeine, procaine, hydrabamine. choline, betaine. ethylenediamine, glucosamine, methylglucamine, theobromine, purines, piperazine, piperidine, N- ethylpiperidine, tromethamine, /V-methylglucamine, polyamine resins, and the like.
• organic bases are isopropylamine, diethylamine. ethanolamine, trimethylamine, dicyclohexylamine, choline, and caffeine.
• a “therapeutically effective amount” is an amount of a compound of the invention that, when administered to a patient, ameliorates a symptom of the disease.
• the amount of a compound of the invention which constitutes a “therapeutically effective amount” will vary depending on the compound, the disease state and its severity, the age of the patient to be treated, and the like.
• the therapeutically effective amount can be determined routinely by one of ordinary skill in the art having regard to their knowledge and to this disclosure.
• preventing or “prevention” of a disease, disorder, or syndrome includes, but is not limited to, inhibiting the disease from occurring in a human, i.e.. causing the clinical symptoms of the disease, disorder, or syndrome not to develop in an animal that may be exposed to or predisposed to the disease, disorder, or syndrome but does not yet experience or display symptoms of the disease, disorder, or syndrome.
• treating includes, but is not limited to, (i) inhibiting the disease, disorder, or syndrome, i.e., arresting its development; and (ii) relieving the disease, disorder, or syndrome, i.e., causing regression of the disease, disorder, or syndrome.
• adjustments for systemic versus localized delivery, age, body weight, general health, sex, diet, time of administration, drug interaction, and the severity of the condition may be necessary and will be ascertainable with routine experimentation by one of ordinary skill in the art.
• the invention provides a compound of formula I.
• L is absent.
• L is NH
• W is a absent
• W is a branched or straight C i-n aliphatic chain. [00611 In another embodiment, W is -CH(CH 3 )-.
• Ring A is heteroaryl or aryl.
• W when W is a branched or straight C 1.12 aliphatic chain.
• W is -CI- CH3)-, L is absent, and Ring A is aryl or heteroaryl.
• X is a fused bicyclic cycloaliphatic, heterocycloaliphatic, aryl or heteroaryl and X 2 and X3 are absent. More particularly, in one embodiment, Xi is naphthalenyl, chromanyl, isochromanyl, thiocromanyl, isothiocromanyl,
• tetrahydroquinolinyl tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, tetraliydronaphthyl, indanyl, or indenyl, each of which is optionally and independently substituted with 1 -3 of halo, nitro, cyano, hydroxy, amino, C
• is a monocyclic cycloaliphatic, heterocycloaliphatic, aryl, or heteroaryl.
• is cyclohexyl, phenyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, piperidinyl, or pyrrolidinyl.
• X t is phenyl, pyridyl, or pyrimidinyl.
• X3 is absent or both X 2 and X 3 are absent.
• is phenyl or pyridyl. In another embodiment, when X
• Xi is phenyl or pyridyl and X 2 is present.
• X 2 is aryl or heteroaryl. More particularly, X 2 is pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, tetrazolyl, triazolyl, imidazolyl, or pyrazolyl.
• X 2 is attached to Xi at a position that is meta relative to the attachment point of W.
• is phenyl or pyridyl
• X 2 is pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, tetrazolyl, triazolyl, imidazolyl, or pyrazolyl
• W is -CH(CH3)-
• L is absent
• Ring A is aryl or heteroaryl.
• Xi is phenyl or pyridyl
• X 2 is pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, tetrazolyl, triazolyl, imidazolyl, or pyrazolyl
• X 3 is cycloaliphatic or heterocycloaliphatic. More particularly, X 3 is piperizinyl, piperidinyl. or morpholinyl.
• is phenyl or pyridyl and X 2 is pyridyl
• X 3 is piperizinyl, piperidinyl, or morpholinyl.
• Y is absent or is a branched or straight C M 2 aliphatic chain wherein up to two carbon units are optionally and independently replaced by -C(Qi) 2 -, -C(Q 2 ) 2 - : -CHQi-, -CHQr, -CO-, -CS-, -CONR R -, -CONR B NR B -, -C0 2 -, -OCO-, -NR 13 -.
• Y is a branched or straight C
• Z is H. In another embodiment, Z is C
• the compound of formula I is a compound of formula IA,
• the compound of formula I is a compound of formula IA-1 , IB-1 , or IC- 1 .
• is chosen from chromanyl, isochiomanyl, thiocromanyi, isothiocromanyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl. tetrahydronaphthyl, indanyl, or indenyl. each of which is optionally and independently substituted with 1-3 of halo, nitro. cyano. hydroxy, amino, C
• .6 alkoxy Ci.6 alkyl, Ci-6 alkylcarbonyl, Cj.r, alkoxycarbonyl, C
• is optionally substituted phenyl or pyridyl.
• Xi is optionally substituted phenyl or pyridyl and X2.
• X3. and Z have any of the meaning provided herein.
• the compound of formula 1 is a compound of formula IB-2 or IC-2
• and A 3 are N, and A 2 is CH or C-halo or A2 is N. and A
• R.2 is H, alkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy. or halo.
• the compound of formula I is a compound of formula ⁇ -3, IB-4, IC-3, or IC-4
• X2 is a six-membered ring.
• X2 is pyridyl or pyrimidinyl.
• X 3 is
• Another embodiment of a compound of formula I is a compound of formula IE
• Ring D is optionally substituted cyclohexyl, phenyl, pyt idyl, or pyrimidinyl.
• Another embodiment of a compound of formula IE and thus of formula I is a compound of formula I E- 1
• Ring D is phenyl or pyridyl optionally substituted with R which is H. alkyl, haloalkyl. alkoxy, haloalkoxy, halo. -OH, CN. N0 2 ; and Ring E is a aryl or heteroaryl
• Ring E is phenyl, or G/
• R 9 is selected from H, alkyl. haloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy. halo, -OH, CN, N0 2 , and NH; and R,o is selected from H,-CHOHCH 3! -CHOH(CH 3 ) 2 COMe, C0 2 Et, NHMe, NHEt,
• NMe 2 Nl3 ⁇ 4.
• NHCHMe 2 CH 2 OH, -CH 2 CO Et ; CH 2 C0 2 H. -CONH 2 , -NHCH 2 CH 2 CH 2 OH, ⁇
• the compound of formula IE-2 is a compound of formula IE-3
• Ring E, R , R9.. and R]o are as previously defined.
• Ring A is an optionally substituted monocyclic or bicyclic aryl or heteroaryl.
• Ring A is an optionally substituted phenyl.
• Ring A is wherein at least one of A, B, and C are N, NH, N(alkyl), S, SO,
• ol ' A, B, and C are CH, CM, or C(alkyl); and R 5 is H or alkyl.
• one ol ' A and C is N, S ; or 0.
• one of A and C is N and the other of A and C is S or O.
• Ring A is selectexd from the group consisting of phenyl substituted one, two. or three groups selected from halo, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, -CONH 2 , -CONHMe, -NH-CH 2 -CN ; -CN, -C0 2 alkyl, NH-CH 2 - CONHMe, CH2CONH-CH 2 CH 2 OH, 1 ,3-benzodioxol-5-yl, 2,2-difluoiO-l,3-benzodioxoI-5- yl, benzo[cJthiazol-5-yl.
• l,3-benzothiazol-6-yl 1-alkyl-l H-indol-6-yl, l-[2- (methyloxy)ethyl]-lH-indol-6-yl, 1 H-indol-4-yl , 1 -methyl- 1 H-indol-4-yl , lH-indol-5-yl , lH-indol-6-yl, l-methyl-2,3-dihydro-lH-indol-6-yl. lH-indol-7-yl.
• Ring A is N
• Het is a heteroaryl ring which is optionally substituted with 1 -3 ot " Q 3 ;
• R-3 is Q_;
• R 3 on adjacent carbon atoms are taken together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached to form a 5-6 membered cycloaliphatic or heteroaliphatic, saturated or unsaturated ring, which is optionally substituted with 1-3 of Q 2 .
• two instances of R 3 on adjacent carbon atoms are taken together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached form a benzo-fused furanyl or thiophenyl ring, which is optionally substituted with 1 -3 of Q 2 .
• W is a branched or straight C
• R, t is X
• A, B, and C are N, NH, N(alkyl), S, SO, S0 2 , or O and the others of ABC are CH, CH, or C(alkyl): and
• R 5 is 0, 1 , 2. or 3 groups independently selected from halo, -OH, oxo, -CF 3 , -OCF 3 , cyano, or a Ci_ s branched or straight aliphatic, wherein 1 -3 methylene groups of the aliphatic are optionally and independently replaced with -C(O)-, -0-, -NH-, -C(0)NH- or -C(0)0-, and wherein the aliphatic is optionally further substituted with 1 -3 of halo, cyano, OH, or Ci- 3 aliphatic.
• one of A and C is N, S, or O.
• one of A and C is and the other of A and C is S.
• the compound of formula 111 is a compound of formula IIIA, II I-
• the compound of formula HI is a compound of formula III- DJII-E, or 111-F.
• the compound of formula III is a compound of formul G. III-H, or III- J, wherein the variables have any of the definitions provided herein.
• the compound of formula I is a compound of formula IV, wherein the variables have any of the defintions provided herein.
• the compound of formula I is a compound of formula IV-A, wherein the variables have any of the defintions provided herein.
• the compound of fonnula IV-A is a compound of formula IV-B, wherein the variables have any of the definitions provided herein.
• the compound of formula I is a compound of formula V
• Ring A is as previously defined for a compound of formula I and R.6 is
• cycloaliphatic heterocycloaliphatic, aryl, or heteroaryl, each or which are optionally and independently substituted with 1 -3 of Qi, Q 2 , or Q 2 .
• each Q 2 is independently hydrogen, aliphatic, alkoxy, cycloaliphatic, aryl, arylalkyl, heterocyclic, or heteroaryl ring, each optionally including 1 -3 substituents independently selected from Q 3 ;
• each Q 3 is halo, oxo, CN, N0 2: H , CF 3 , OCF 3 , OH, -COOH or C1-C4 alkyl optionally substituted with 1 -3 of halo, oxo, -CN. -N0 2 , -CF 3 , -OCF3, -OH, -SH, -S(0) 3 H, - NH 2 , or -COOH.
• R 6 is selected from the group consisting of 2.3-dihydro-l H-inden-l -yl ,1 ,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-l -yl, naphthalen- l -yl, 6-nitro-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-4-yl), 3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-6-yl, 3,4-dihydro-2H- chromen-4-yl, 3,4-dihydro-2H-l -benzothiopyran-4-yl, furanyl, wherein each of the groups may be optionally substituted with one, two, or three groups selected from halo, nito, -NH- CO- e, -NH-CO-Et, alkyl, and alkoxy.
• the compound of formula V is a compound of formula VA.
• Ring A is as previously defined, X v C, N, or 0, and R )2 is one or two groups independently selected from alkyl, -NHCO e, -NHCOEt.
• the compound of formula V is a compound of formula VB.
• Ring A is as previously defined.
• the compound of formula I is one of the compounds listed in table 1 .
• the invention provides a pharmaceutical composition which comprises: ( 1 ) a compound, as a single stereoisomer or mixture of isomers thereof, according to any one of formula compounds of formula I. or according to any one of the above embodiments or a compound in Table 1 , optionally as a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and (2) a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, excipient, and/or diluent thereof.
• the invention provides a method of treating disease, disorder, or syndrome where the disease is associated with uncontrolled, abnormal, and/or unwanted cellular activities effected directly or indirectly by iPF -2 which method comprises administering to a human in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of any of the formulas described herein, a compound of any one of the above embodiments, or a compound from Table 1 , optionally as a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or
• the disease is cancer.
• the disease is cancer and the compound is a compound of formula I or a compound from Table 1 .
• the invention provides a method of treating a disease, disorder, or syndrome which method comprises administering to a patient a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of any of formula I, a compound of any one of the above
• the disease is cancer
• the Compound is the compound of formula 1 or a compound from Table I .
• the invention provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising an inhibitor of iPFK-2 according to the invention and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, excipient, or diluent.
• administration is by the oral route.
• Administration of the compounds of the invention, or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, in pure form or in an appropriate pharmaceutical composition, can be carried out via any of the accepted modes of administration or agents for serving similar utilities.
• administration can be, for example, orally, nasally, parenterally (intravenous, intramuscular, or subcutaneous), topically, transdermally, intravaginally, intravesically, intracistemally, or rectally, in the form of solid, semi-solid, lyophilized powder, or liquid dosage forms, such as for example, tablets, suppositories, pills, soft elastic and hard gelatin capsules, powders, solutions, suspensions, or aerosols, or the like, speci fically in unit dosage forms suitable for simple administration of precise dosages.
• compositions wi ll include a conventional pharmaceutical carrier or excipient and a compound of the invention as the/an active agent, and, in addition, may include carriers and adjuvants, etc.
• Adjuvants include preserving, wetting, suspending, sweetening, flavoring, perfuming, emulsifying, and dispensing agents. Prevention of the action of microorganisms can be ensured by various antibacterial and antifungal agents, for example, parabens, chlorobutanol, phenol, sorbic acid, and the like. It may also be desirable to include isotonic agents, for example sugars, sodium chloride, and the like. Prolonged absorption of the injectable pharmaceutical form can be brought about by the use of agents delaying absorption, for example, aluminum monostearate and gelatin.
• a pharmaceutical composition of the invention may also contain minor amounts of auxiliary substances such as wetting or emulsifying agents, pH buffering agents, antioxidants, and the like, such as. for example, citric acid, sorbitan monolaurate, triethanolamine oleate, butylalted hydroxytoluene, etc.
• auxiliary substances such as wetting or emulsifying agents, pH buffering agents, antioxidants, and the like, such as. for example, citric acid, sorbitan monolaurate, triethanolamine oleate, butylalted hydroxytoluene, etc.

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