Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
  • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
  • B02C13/00—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
  • B02C13/26—Details
  • B02C13/30—Driving mechanisms
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
  • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
  • B02C13/00—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
  • B02C13/26—Details
  • B02C13/286—Feeding or discharge

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the field of the treatment of materials of all origins, in particular by shredding using crushers or hammer mills, or the like, and relates to a pre-shredder or pre-shredder.
• the recovery of metal products from spent objects, especially motor vehicles, by crushers or grinders is generally carried out by introducing the objects into a hammer mill, via a introduction ramp equipped with a crushing drum; said hammer mill tears and shreds the material entering, by interaction with one or more anvils, ejects and / or discharges through screen walls mechanical waste obtained having a given size. This waste is then treated for disposal of unsuitable materials for reuse and sorting of the remaining materials according to their metallurgical characteristics.
• pre-shredders or pre-shredders that allow a dimensional reduction and a fractionation of objects and very bulky materials, in order to increase the density for transport, storage , or their burial, or their treatment in crushers, crushers or granulators of smaller size and whose feed opening is of smaller section.
• pre-shredders or pre-shredders existing to date are, however, also large size and high power, usually consisting of one or more rotors slow rotation, rotating in the same direction or opposite direction.
• shredding trees are usually two in number, have a large diameter, namely of the order of 500 to 600 millimeters, each weigh nearly 10 tons and each require for their training a power of the order of 250 kW.
• the length of the tree line of such machines is generally between 4 meters and 5 meters or more, for a useful working width of the order of 2 meters.
• shredding tools are mounted, generally by welding on the drive shaft of large section and are not interchangeable.
• the drive of these shafts, which are mounted at their ends in rolling bearings of large section, which are supported on the side walls of the shredder, is performed by reducing and motor assemblies, which are laterally fixed on both sides. other crankcase of these machines or their feed chute.
• the engines used are most often hydraulic motors, which are slow, very heavy and freely mounted on the ends of the shafts, or electric or hydraulic motors connected to said shafts by means of usual reducers or epicyclic reducers.
• the drive shafts must be maintained by bearings provided with rings or bearing, the drive or transmission members not being bearing and bearing on the ends of these shafts or being fixed on a frame or walls of the machine.
• a grinding device consisting, on the one hand, of a drive assembly and, on the other hand, by a grinding chamber demountably connected to the grinding chamber. driving assembly, the rotors of the grinding chamber being connected to the drive unit via flanges or flanges.
• Such device allows, of course, to partially solve the problem of maintenance interventions, but requires the implementation of complete subsets, any intervention on a grinding chamber causing the complete disassembly thereof and its replacement by an identical room, no element of the drive subassembly to ensure a direct function for guiding or supporting a rotor shaft, for example.
• the shafts of the rotors are mounted on specific rolling bearings, their guiding being provided completely independently of the drive assembly.
• the implementation of such a device is very expensive, requiring, in fact, the provision of grinding chamber complete, interchangeable, maintenance interventions are then performed in masked time.
• a rotor rotor assembly in which the cylinder forming the rotor is secured to the rotor of an electric motor, whose stator is fixed on a traversing axis forming the bearing simultaneously. of the cylinder forming the rotor.
• the present invention aims to overcome these disadvantages by providing a pre-shredder or pre-shredder to solve congestion and weight problems and an adaptation to different processing capabilities, while being of simple constitution and a low cost price.
• the pre-shredder or pre-shredder according to the invention which essentially consists of at least one drive assembly comprising a hydraulic or electric drive motor and a gearbox and at least one shredding assembly connected to the gear unit, is characterized in that the gear unit of the drive unit forms a fastening and support element for at least one shredding element and is constituted by a fixed part, fixed directly on the frame of the pre-assembly.
• the shredding element being fixed on the movable part of this reducer and being guided and maintained on the chassis, directly by the gearbox of the drive assembly, which provides support functions and rotational guidance of the shredding element.
• Figure 1 is a perspective view of a pre-shredder or pre-shredder according to the invention
• Figure 2 is a partial plan and sectional view showing a first embodiment of a pre-shredder or pre-shredder according to the invention
• Figure 3 is a view similar to that of Figure 2 of an alternative embodiment of the invention.
• Figure 4 is a partial view on a larger scale, similar to that of Figure 1, showing the pre-shredder or pre-shredder;
• FIG. 5 is a side elevational view of an alternative embodiment of the pre-shredder or pre-shredder according to FIGS. 1 and 4, and FIG. 6 is a view similar to that of FIG. 5 of another variant of FIG. embodiment of the invention.
• FIG. 1 of the appended drawings represents, by way of example, a pre-shredder or pre-shredder intended to be used in the field of the treatment of materials of all origins, in particular by shredding by means of crushers or crushers hammers, or the like.
• Such a pre-shredder or pre-shredder consists essentially of at least one drive assembly 1 comprising a hydraulic or electric drive motor 2 and a gearbox 3 and by at least one shredder element 4 connected to the gearbox 3, and is mounted on a frame 5, a feed chute or other support ( Figure 1).
• a pre-shredder or pre-shredder can be mounted upstream of a crusher or mill and directly feeds, at its output, said crusher or mill.
• the gearbox 3 of the drive assembly 1 of this pre-shredder or pre-shredder forms a fastening element and support of at least one shredding element 4, and is constituted by a fixed part 3 ', fixed directly to the chassis 5 of the pre- crusher or pre-shredder or on a support or a wall thereof, and by a movable portion 3 ", the shredding element 4 being fixed on the movable portion 3" of this reducer 3 and being guided and held on the frame 5, directly by the gearbox 3 of the drive assembly 1, which provides support functions and rotational guidance of the shredding element 4, so that the invention allows the economy of bearings or of separate bearings for said shredding element 4, resulting in simplification of assembly and cost reduction.
• the shredding element 4 is in the form of a tube with a large section wall or a solid shaft provided at at least one end of a flange or a fastening flange 13 on a flange or a corresponding flange 13 "of the mobile part 3" of the gearbox 3 ( Figures 2 and 3).
• the shredding element 4 may in particular be in the form of an interchangeable wear part.
• the gearbox 3 of the drive assembly 1 is a device known per se, comparable to the mechanisms known as translational gearboxes, of very compact construction and for transmitting very high torque at reduced speeds, while ensuring a high degree of stability. perfect adaptation of speed to reduction ratios.
• the gearbox 3 of the drive assembly 1, which consists essentially of a fixed part 3 'and a movable part 3 ", is advantageously fixed on the frame 5 of the pre-shredder or pre-shredder or on a wall or other element of the latter through the fixed part 3 ', on which is mounted the motor 2 which may be of the electric or hydraulic type, preferably the motor 2 will be a hydraulic motor. in the usual manner, by means of bolts, pins, screws or the like, whereby the shredding element 4 and the driving assembly 1 can be mounted on the frame 5, a wall or a another element of the machine without implementation of a sliding or rolling bearing, the support bearing and guide bearing function being provided directly by the drive assembly 1 and in particular by the gearbox 3.
• the mobile part 3 "of the gearbox 3 is mounted cantilevered on the frame 5 or wall or the like, with respect to the fixed part 3 'of this gear and forms a mounting bracket of the shredding element 4.
• this tube has a wall thickness sufficient to withstand the forces and is provided, either directly by welding of chipping tools 6, or by means of at least one flange 7, forming a tool holder, of fixed or moving shredding tools and interchangeable
• chipping tools mounted on such a flange 7 are very easily removable and can therefore be changed as simple wear elements.
• the invention makes it possible to avoid the provision of specific bearings for the shredding elements 4, the gearbox (s) 3 directly ensuring this function of holding and rolling bearings.
• the shredding element 4 according to the invention is thus, in fact, a simple interchangeable piece fixed on a flange or a flange of the movable part 3 "and requiring no specific mounting on rolling bearings and maintenance during a replacement, before their connection to gearbox 3.
• the fixed parts 3 'of the gear units 3 may be mounted on eccentric flanges cooperating with reaction arms or the like. It is thus possible to vary the spacing between two elements 4.
• the pre-shredder or pre-shredder is simply constituted by a drive assembly 1 comprising a hydraulic or electric drive motor 2 and a gearbox 3 and by an element shredder 4 provided with chipping tools.
• the shredding assembly works in the shredding chamber, cantilevered with respect to the frame 5 or to a wall, simply being supported by the gearbox 3.
• the shredding element 4 is advantageously fixed on the mobile part 3 "of the gearbox 3 via a flange or a flange 13 and is provided at its opposite end with a closure cover (not shown) or an assembly flange 9 fixed by
• a closure cover not shown
• an assembly flange 9 fixed by The provision of an assembly flange 9 allows the juxtaposition of a shredding element 4 mounted on one side of a frame or on a wall with a second shredding element 4 mounted on the frame.
• each shredding element then being connected to each other by bolting or by a form-fitting connection.
• This bolting is a conventional assembly in the field of mechanics and simply implements bolts passing through two adjacent flanges 9 and is therefore not described or shown in more detail.It is the same with respect to a form cooperation assembly which may be jab or the like.
• the adaptation of said element 4 to different embodiments can be performed quickly and without difficulty.
• FIG. 3 of the attached drawings represents an alternative embodiment of the invention, in which the pre-shredder or pre-shredder comprises two drive assemblies 1, arranged in opposition on a frame 5 or on a support or a wall of the latter, these drive assemblies 1 cooperating with a single shredding element 4 in the form of a strong wall tube section or a solid shaft provided at its ends with flanges or flanges for mounting on the flanges or flanges of the movable portion 3 "of the reducers 3.
• a single shredding element 4 in the form of a strong wall tube section or a solid shaft provided at its ends with flanges or flanges for mounting on the flanges or flanges of the movable portion 3 "of the reducers 3.
• Such an embodiment makes it possible to obtain pre-crushers or pre- shredders, whose working width is comparable to that of traditional pre-shredders or pre-shredders, while being of a much smaller size and weight and a cost also significantly lower.
• the pre-shredder or pre-shredder comprises two drive assemblies 1 each provided with at least one shredding element 4, these training units and shredding element 4 being connected in parallel to cooperate by interpenetration or not of their tools 6, the shredding elements 4 can be rotated in the same direction or in the opposite direction.
• the latter may comprise a movable flap 10 provided with teeth 1 1 constituting obstacles between the tools 6 of the shredding element 4, said movable flap 10 being pivotally mounted under or on said pre-shredder or pre-shredder and pivotally controlled by means of at least one actuator 12.
• the feeding of the pre-shredder or pre-shredder can be significantly improved by the possibility of direct intervention on the material to be treated, in particular to promote its progression in the machine or to perform a stripping.
• a part 3 'corresponding to one end of each shredding element 4 is mounted on the corresponding wall of the frame 5 by securing with a flange or a ring, not shown, sliding in a corresponding housing of said corresponding wall of the frame 5 and held against a rotation, while the fixed part 3 'assigned to the opposite end is advantageously secured directly with the corresponding wall.
• reaction arm which consists of a connecting rod or the like connected by its ends, respectively, to the corresponding flange or ring and to the frame 5 or to a wall thereof, is of a type known per se and does not require any additional description.
• FIG. 4 of the accompanying drawings shows an alternative embodiment of the invention, in which the walls of the frame 5 forming the supports of the shredding elements 4 are advantageously reversibly mounted with the side walls of the frame 5 on the support of said frame 5 , so as to allow a reversal of these elements 4 with the walls of the frame 5, about an axis perpendicular to their longitudinal axis.
• the walls 5 are machined and have fixing means such that they can be mounted on the support of the frame 5, both by their lower edge than by their upper edge.
• each side wall of the support frame 5 of the shredding elements 4 can be subdivided into a number of plates equal to the number of shredding elements 4, each plate being affected. supporting and guiding one end of a shredding element 4 and being connected to the neighboring plate (s), as well as to the rest of the chassis 5 by means of assembly means by bolting or other.
• assembly means by bolting or other.
• chassis side walls 5 subdivided into several plates, each provided with a reduction gear 3, mounted cantilevered, with a shredding element 4, by through its fixed part 3 ', on such a plate
• at least one plate thus equipped can be mounted in an articulated or sliding manner relative to the adjacent plate and be actuated by a jack in the direction of pivoting or sliding upwards with respect to said adjacent plate.
• a hinged plate with the shredding element 4 will be arranged upstream of the other plates, namely at the inlet of a pre-shredder or pre-shredder in the direction of a feed chute.
• a first shredding element 4 at the inlet of a pre-grinding or pre-shredding machine, in order to allow the introduction into this machine of relatively bulky products, for example of a larger size. to the width of a shredding element 4, these products then being crushed during the return to position of the element 4 by tilting or sliding in the service position of the pivoting plate supporting it.
• FIG. 5 of the accompanying drawings shows an alternative embodiment of the invention, in which the pre-shredder or pre-shredder comprises at least one shredding element 4 driven by a driving assembly 1, this shredding element 4 being mounted on the end of a frame 5 'in the form of a pair of support arms, the other end of which is hinged to the frame of a mill or to a feed ramp or the like via an axis 50 ', this frame 5' being pivotable about the axis 50 'via at least one jack 5 ⁇ .
• the distance of the shredding element 4 with respect to a feed ramp or a feed hopper, so that the pre-crushing or pre-shredding can be more or less important, for example depending on the strength of the products to grind.
• the shredding element 4 may be unique and cooperate with fixed counter-tools or, as shown in FIG. 5, can cooperate with a shredding element 4 identical in the same or different direction and speed of rotation, the axis of this second shredding element being able to simultaneously form the axis 50 'of pivoting of the frame 5' or an eccentric pivot axis of the frame 5.
• the counter-tools possibly cooperating with the chipping element 4 may be in the form of fixed or removable tools secured to movable supports under the action of a jack, so that said tools can be eclipsed to allow direct ejection or direct feeding of a mill downstream.
• the shredding element 4 provided at the pivoting end of the frame 5 ' has the same effect as a flap or crimper because it compresses the material against a wall preferably of the feed ramp and, because of the pivoting movement of the frame 5 ', it makes it possible to advance the material to be treated towards fixed counter-tools or towards the other shredder element 4.
• a portion of the feed ramp preferably located under the shredding element 4 pivotally mounted relative to the axis 50 ', is articulated to serve as a non-shredded or non-shredded products ejection valve, this pivoting portion of the feed ramp being actuated by preferably hydraulic cylinders.
• the chassis side walls 5 can advantageously be subdivided into two symmetrical parts 55 preferably along the axis line or close to this line connecting the axes. gear units 3 and shredding elements 4 and thus form at each of these axes bearing portions for receiving the fixed parts 3 'of said gear units 3, the two parts 55 of the frame 5 being connected to one another preferably to one another. one of their ends by a hinge pin 56 and preferably pivotable relative to each other about this axis 56 by means of at least one actuating cylinder 57.
• Such a mode of realization makes it possible to assemble and dismantle rapid reduction units 3 - shredding element (s) 4, by simply pivoting a portion 55 of the wall of the frame 5 relative to the other, so that the fixed parts 3 'of the gearbox 3 can be instantly maintained or cleared.
• One part can be connected to each other by tongue and groove.
• the bearings 3 ⁇ of the fixed parts 3 'of the reducers 3, as well as said fixed parts 3' may advantageously have a non-circular cylindrical section, namely oval or polygonal (FIG. 6), so that maintaining said fixed parts 3 'of the gear units 3 against rotation is automatically ensured.
• the bearings can simultaneously ensure a displacement of the fixed parts 3 ', due to the expansion of the shredding element or elements 4, the limitation of this expansion displacement of the fixed parts 3' being ensured by the prediction on the latter, on either side of the corresponding frame side wall 5 of an abutment stop (not shown).
• each shredding element 4 with its drive assembly 1 can be adjusted in position in the frame 5 by a simple rotation about the mounting axis on the walls of the frame 5, which will have the effect of causing a moving the shredding elements 4 in the direction of a reconciliation or spacing parallel to the bottom of the feed ramp or to a shredding element 4 neighbor.
• the shredding element 4 in the form of a tube with a large section wall or a solid shaft may present, in place of the flanges or end flanges, a drive means by interlocking in a correspondingly shaped housing of the free end of the movable part 3 "of the corresponding reducer 3.
• a drive means by interlocking in a correspondingly shaped housing of the free end of the movable part 3 "of the corresponding reducer 3.
• Such an embodiment of the shredding element 4 allows its dismounting by simple withdrawal of its drive means from the corresponding housing of the movable portion 3 '.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Food Science & Technology (AREA)
• Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)

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• 2011
  • 2011-02-01 WO PCT/FR2011/050200 patent/WO2012104495A1/fr active Application Filing
  • 2011-02-01 ES ES11708056.4T patent/ES2568794T3/es active Active
  • 2011-02-01 EP EP11708056.4A patent/EP2701847B1/de not_active Not-in-force

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