Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
  • B01D61/14—Ultrafiltration; Microfiltration
  • B01D61/145—Ultrafiltration
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
  • B01D61/14—Ultrafiltration; Microfiltration
  • B01D61/147—Microfiltration
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
  • B01D61/14—Ultrafiltration; Microfiltration
  • B01D61/16—Feed pretreatment
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
  • B01D61/14—Ultrafiltration; Microfiltration
  • B01D61/22—Controlling or regulating
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D2311/00—Details relating to membrane separation process operations and control
  • B01D2311/04—Specific process operations in the feed stream; Feed pretreatment
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D2311/00—Details relating to membrane separation process operations and control
  • B01D2311/10—Temperature control
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D2311/00—Details relating to membrane separation process operations and control
  • B01D2311/18—Details relating to membrane separation process operations and control pH control
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D2311/00—Details relating to membrane separation process operations and control
  • B01D2311/26—Further operations combined with membrane separation processes
  • B01D2311/263—Chemical reaction
  • B01D2311/2634—Oxidation
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D2311/00—Details relating to membrane separation process operations and control
  • B01D2311/26—Further operations combined with membrane separation processes
  • B01D2311/2642—Aggregation, sedimentation, flocculation, precipitation or coagulation
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D2317/00—Membrane module arrangements within a plant or an apparatus
  • B01D2317/02—Elements in series
  • B01D2317/025—Permeate series
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
  • C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
  • C02F1/444—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by ultrafiltration or microfiltration
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
  • C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
  • C02F1/5236—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using inorganic agents
  • C02F1/5245—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using inorganic agents using basic salts, e.g. of aluminium and iron
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
  • C02F1/66—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by neutralisation; pH adjustment
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
  • C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
  • C02F1/722—Oxidation by peroxides
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
  • C02F11/004—Sludge detoxification
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
  • C02F11/10—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by pyrolysis
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
  • C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
  • C02F11/18—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by thermal conditioning
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
  • C02F2209/02—Temperature
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
  • C02F2209/03—Pressure
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
  • C02F2209/06—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment pH
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
  • C02F2209/42—Liquid level
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
  • C02F2303/06—Sludge reduction, e.g. by lysis

Definitions

• the invention refers to treatment of sludge, which comprises chemical coagulants, such as sludge from water and waste water treatment plants. More specifically the invention refers to a method and a construction for treatment of sludge in connection to waterworks and wastewater treatment plants for purifying of water, whereby chemical coagulants are recovered from the sludge and recycled back and reused in the flocculation process.
• the resulting material is an organic concentrate which can be treated separately, such as by incineration, giving a low ash content.
• Sludge such as sludge obtained from waterworks and wastewater treatment plants, is often formed by addition of chemical coagulants into a polluted water mass.
• the coagulants bring about a flocculation of suspended substances, which makes it easier to separate these from the water mass, thus cleaning it.
• inorganic chemical coagulants such as trivalent metallic salts of iron or aluminum.
• the metallic ions hereby forms, under slow stirring, hydroxy floes, which encase and adsorb the suspended matter and the organic substances, dissolved in water. Additionally the phosphor dissolved in water, together with iron or aluminum, form an insoluble compound, which can be separated.
• the formed flocks are separated in different ways, such as through flotation, sedimentation or sand filtration.
• separated sludge is as a thin sludge pumped directly from the plant back to the recipient, to a sludge pond.
• the sludge is dewatered, for example in a centrifuge, to thereafter be deposited.
• Sludge from wastewater treatment plants is sometimes used as a soil improvement agent, but this method is often criticized, and even forbidden, as the sludge frequently contains unwanted substances, such as heavy metals.
• US 5,304,309 discloses a method for selective recycling of inorganic chemical coagulants in sludge from waterworks, whereby acid at first is added to the sludge in a first tank, a membrane with enclosed ion exchanger is immersed in the acidic sludge to adsorb metallic ions, and the membrane is transferred to a second tank to desorb metallic ions.
• Such a method is complicated and has very little efficiency in treating large amounts of thin sludge.
• EP 1 507 745 discloses a method for treatment of sludge with acid and high pressure and filtration. While providing an effective way for separating as trivalent metallic salts of iron or aluminum, the high pressure makes the method costly and cumbersome.
• the present invention deals with one or more of the above- identified deficiencies in the art singly or in any combination by providing a method and a construction according to the appended patent claims.
• the general solution according to the invention is first to treat the sludge with acid using low temperatures, such as below the boiling point of water at atmospheric pressure.
• the acid will dissolve any iron and aluminum components in the sludge and in a second step these components can be separated in a filtration process in the form of Al and Fe salts.
• the separated Al and Fe salts can then be recycled and reused as coagulants in the flocculation process.
• Fe ions are present in the coagulant, some of the Fe 3+ will be reduced to Fe 2+ .
• the divalent Fe will, like trivalent Fe, fixate impurities but not hydrolyze. This means that the outgoing water from the separation process will contain some iron (Fe 2+ ) and have an increased COD content.
• Fe ions are present both when Fe salts are used, but also when some types of Al salts are used (such as Kemira AVR).
• the Fe 2+ By adding an equivalent dosage of hydrogen peroxide to the divalent content into the flocculation process the Fe 2+ will be oxidized to Fe 3+ , which enables hydrolysis at the more neutral pH level of the flocculation basin, typically with a pH between 5-7.
• a method for treatment of sludge from waterworks or wastewater treatment plant comprising iron ions as inorganic chemical coagulants.
• the method comprising the steps of adding inorganic chemical coagulants, comprising iron ions, to a flocculation basin of the waterworks or wastewater treatment plant, leading to flocculation of particles which sediment to form a sludge in a flocculation basin, thus purifying the water, giving pure water.
• the method comprises adding an acid to said sludge, comprising precipitated inorganic chemical coagulants and precipitated organic substances, in such way that a first sludge mixture with pH below 3.5 is received, which includes said inorganic chemical coagulants in solution and said organic substances.
• the method further comprises feeding said obtained first sludge mixture to at least one membrane filtration process, in which a first concentrate and a first permeate are obtained and keeping a temperature of said sludge, said first sludge mixture, said first concentrate and said first permeate which is below the boiling point of water at atmospheric pressure.
• the method further comprises adding an oxidizing agent to the flocculation basin.
• the oxidizing agent such as hydrogen peroxide
• the oxidizing agent may be added to a concentration of 5 ppm to 60 ppm, such as 5 ppm to 10 ppm.
• the oxidizing agent is hydrogen peroxide (H202).
• the method further comprises the steps of re-circulating the permeate into the flocculation basin.
• the membrane filtration process is ultra filtration and/or micro filtration.
• the method further comprises the step of feeding said first concentrate to a second membrane filtration process, so that a second concentrate and a second permeate are obtained.
• the temperature of said sludge, said first sludge mixture, said first concentrate, said second concentrate and said first and second permeate is below 100°C, such as between about 40°C and about 90°C, such as between about 80°C and about 90°C.
• said first membrane filtration process and/or said second membrane filtration process are driven by a pressure higher than atmospheric pressure.
• the pressure is between about 1 bar and about 4 bar.
• the method further comprises the steps of separating the concentrate or the second concentrate and incinerating the concentrate.
• the method may optionally comprise the step of re-circulating the first and/or second permeate into the flocculation basin.
• the method further comprises the step of adding a base to said first concentrate or said second concentrate in a neutralization tank.
• the inorganic chemical coagulants in solution are trivalent aluminum and/or iron ions.
• a construction for treatment of sludge from waterworks or wastewater treatment plants comprises a first dissolution tank for addition of acid, connected in series with a membrane filtration unit and at least one sensor unit for monitoring a temperature of the sludge in the construction and a regulator unit for regulating the temperature of the sludge in the construction, wherein the sensor and the regulator are connected to ensure that said temperature of said sludge within said construction is below the boiling point of water at atmospheric pressure.
• said temperature of said sludge within said construction is below 100°C, such as about 40°C and about 90°C, preferably between about 80°C and about 90°C.
• said membrane filtration unit is ultra filtration and/or a micro filtration.
• said construction further comprises a second membrane filtration unit arranged in series with said first membrane filtration unit.
• said construction further comprises a neutralization tank (T8), arranged subsequent to said second membrane filtration unit.
• the construction further comprises a pH-meter/control.
• the present invention has the advantage over the prior art that it is possible to acidify the sludge at atmospheric pressure, which is simpler and safer compared to a pressurized system. Another advantage is that the lower temperatures reduces wear on the equipment, and enables less costly equipment.
• Yet another advantage is that Iron is reduced in a lower extent, which makes it possible to run the process without the need for oxidizing iron, which makes the process less costly.
• Fig. 1 is a schematic illustration of a construction according to an embodiment
• Fig. 2-4 are graphs showing process parameters
• Fig. 5 is a schematic illustration of a method according to an embodiment
• Fig. 6 is a schematic illustration of a construction according to an embodiment.
• Fig. 1 is a flowchart of an embodiment of a construction for treatment of sludge from waterworks or wastewater treatment plants.
• the sludge has a temperature below the boiling point of water at atmospheric pressure, such as below 100°C between about 40°C and about 90°C, such as between 40°C and 90°C, preferably between about 80°C and about 90°C, such as between 80°C and 90°C.
• the present inventor has surprisingly found that when using fresh sludge, i.e. sludge younger than 7 days, dissolution of metal hydroxides, such as aluminum hydroxide, is possible to obtain with acceptable rates, even in a process with a temperature below the boiling point of water at atmospheric pressure.
• Sludge comprising metal hydroxides, such as typical sludge from waterworks or wastewater treatment plants, age in a process which, in the case with
• Al(OH)3( am orphous) may be dissolved in sulphuric acid without the need for high temperatures or pressures.
• incoming water A is supplied to waterworks or wastewater treatment plant W/WTP.
• the water in flocculation basin 1 is allowed under stirring to react with a simultaneously incoming solution B of inorganic chemical coagulants.
• the chemical coagulants are aluminum or iron ions, which flocculate suspended substances in the water and organic substances and for wastewater treatment plants also phosphor. Thereafter the formed flocks are separated in a basin 2, where a thin sludge is formed on the base of the basin. Treated water in wastewater treatment plants is separated as outgoing pure water E.
• Fe 2+ is present in the water, it will fixate impurities just like Fe 3+ but it will not hydrolyze. This means that the outgoing water from the separation process will contain some iron (Fe 2+ ) and have an increased COD. Fe 2+ may be present both when when Fe salts are used as chemical coagulants, but also when some types of Al salts are used (such as the product AVR from Kemira).
• Hydrogen peroxide H 2 O 2 , denoted H
• H Hydrogen peroxide
• reaction 2 above Since Fe 3+ hydrolyze in the system and precipitate, reaction 2 above will be less likely to occur than reaction 1, which will shift the balance and effectively reduce the content of Fe 2+ in the system. This is advantageous, because it increases the amount of flocculated material. Thus, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and divalent Fe in the pure water (E) will then decrease.
• COD chemical oxygen demand
• E divalent Fe in the pure water
• the concentration of hydrogen peroxide is regulated to match the content of iron ions, so that no excess hydrogen peroxide remains in the system. This hydrogen peroxide might otherwise decompose polymers if they are used in the process.
• the inventors conducted experiments with addition of hydrogen peroxide (10, 20, 40 or 60 ppm, respectively) to a system comprising iron ions as inorganic chemical coagulants.
• Fe sulfate is less than the COD in permeate from the process. However, by adding 10 ppm hydrogen peroxide to the flocculation basin (1), the COD of the permeate can be lowered.
• Settled sludge is scraped or in another way transported to a sludge hopper 3.
• a received sludge CI from the waterworks or wastewater treatment plant W/WTP, or coming directly from an industrial process, is led to a dissolution-tank T6, for treatment of sludge in connection to waterworks or wastewater treatment plant W/WTP, or in connection with an industrial process, for purifying water.
• Sludge from other waterworks or wastewater treatment plants may also be treated in the dissolution- tank T6 according to the invention, which for example is transported thereto by lorry.
• the sludge mixture CI is led; irrespective which type of sludge, to the first dissolution-tank T6 with simultaneous supply of an acid F.
• the acid is sulphuric acid.
• the acid is stirred so that the metallic hydroxide in the obtained mixture is dissolved, i.e. free metallic ions (substantially Fe 3+ and Al 3+ ) are formed.
• the addition of acid is controlled via a pH-meter/control QC, which controls a pump PI for addition of acid. That metallic hydroxide is dissolved and metallic ions are set free when pH is decreased is well known.
• the first dissolution-tank T6 may also comprise a level gauge, for measuring the level and controlling the amount of sludge mixture CI entering the first dissolution-tank T6, such that the first dissolution-tank T6 comprises a constant volume of sludge.
• the amount of sludge in the first dissolution-tank T6 is regulated, e.g. by regulating the amount of sludge mixture CI entering the first dissolution-tank T6, such that the first dissolution-tank T6 comprises a constant volume of sludge.
• a sludge mixture G with acidic pH, which includes suspended substances, organic substances and inorganic ions, including Fe 3+ or Al 3+ .
• the acidic pH is below 3.5, preferably below 3.
• this acidic feed sludge CI is subjected to at least one membrane filtration process, so that a first concentrate J and a first permeate Pel are received.
• said first permeate Pel substantially includes the inorganic chemical coagulants in solution.
• a feed G of acidic sludge is pumped by the pump P3 to a construction of MF/UF Fl and a part I of the first concentrate J is led back in a feedback loop and the first concentrate J is separated from the process directly so that the process is run as a continuous process.
• the first concentrate J may then optionally be subject to a separate dewatering step, to increase the level of dry substance.
• the feed G of acidic sludge is regulated to compensate for the amount of first concentrate J and first permeate Pel exiting the system. This is advantageous, since it obliterate the need for stopping the process, which means drop of the capacity.
• the first concentrate J is recycled to tank T6.
• the process may thus be run in a discontinuous fashion, i.e. until the sludge in T6 is so thick that it cannot be pumped to the construction of MF/UF Fl .
• the tank T6 is then emptied and the process may restart.
• the first concentrate J is subject to washing, by adding water, before being transferred to the construction of MF/UF Fl . If several filters are present, the washing step is conducted just before the sludge is transferred to the last filter. Typically, the ratio of water added is 1 : 1 in relation to the amount of first concentrate J.
• the washing step is advantageous, since in increases the amount of coagulant that can be re-circulated in the process.
• the resulting first concentrate J is cleaner than the first concentrate J and the yield of recovered Fe or Al can exceed 90%.
• filtration units may be connected in series.
• the process may be run as a batch process, i.e. by re-circulating all I of the concentrate until the desired thickness has been obtained and the first concentrate J may be taken from the construction of MF/UF Fl .
• membrane filtration process designates a separation process where the driving force is constituted of a difference in chemical potential over the membrane.
• the driving force -the chemical potential- may however be achieved in different ways in different membrane processes; it may be an applied pressure, a difference in concentration or temperature, or a difference in electric potential.
• the mechanism of separation is based on solution theory, at which the solubility and diffusivity of the dissolved substances in the membrane are decisive. In one
• ceramic filters are used.
• the pressure is above atmospheric pressure, such as between about 1 bar and about 4 bar, preferably between 3 bar and 4 bar.
• MF micro filtration
• UF ultra filtration
• UF ultra filtration
• the mechanism of sieving is accordingly predominant; but the interaction between membrane and the dissolved substances is also of importance.
• the separation during micro filtration (MF) is completely based on a mechanism of sieving, and the size is totally the determining factor for what will pass through the membrane.
• MF-device suspended matter and colloids are mainly separated.
• MF a higher flux (flow per membrane area) is often obtained.
• This alternative is preferably utilized for treatment of sludge, which does not require a high separation of dissolved organic substances, for example if the amount of humus is low.
• a concentrate is received, which substantially includes in water suspended matter.
• MF/UF are membrane processes; where a driving pressure has to be present to divide the feed into a permeate and a concentrate.
• the membrane is preferably chosen in such way that also organic molecules are separated. This may be accomplished by choosing an ultra filtration membrane with low retention of spherical ions, such as trivalent aluminum and iron ions, and a high retention of chain shaped molecules, for instance organic substances, such as humus. Accordingly, the filtration through a first construction of membrane filtration Fl results in a first concentrate J of suspended substances and organic compounds and a first permeate Pel, substantially consisting of water with inorganic ions, such as Al 3+ and Fe 3+ , which pass through the relevant membrane.
• inorganic ions such as Al 3+ and Fe 3+
• the first permeate Pel now substantially relieved from substances originally contaminating the water, contains Al 3+ and Fe 3+ ions, and may be re-circulated as a precipitation agent to the flocculation part of waterworks or wastewater treatment plants or be used as chemical coagulant in another purification plant.
• the first permeate Pel may also be deposited in a storage tank T7.
• the permeate may be subject to heat exchange with the sludge CI, which saves energy.
• the pH will increase so that the Al 3+ and Fe 3+ will hydrolyze and precipitate.
• Fig. 2 is a graph showing the dependence of COD(Al), i.e. using Al , of the permeate in mg/1 0 2 in relation to temperature of the process, measured in °C. As can be seen, the COD(Al) decreases with decreasing temperature.
• Fig. 3 is a graph showing the dependence of COD(Al), i.e. using Al 3+ , of the permeate in mg/1 0 2 in relation to pH of the sludge in T6.
• the temperature is 80°C. It can be noted that COD(Al) increases with decreasing pH.
• Fig. 4 is a graph showing the flux of feed G in m 3 per hour, per area membrane of Fl, in m 2 , using an ultra filtration, in relation to temperature of the sludge, measured in °C. As can be seen, the flux decreases with decreasing temperature, but is still acceptable at a temperature as low as 40°C.
• An advantage with the present invention is thus that the process can be run at conditions providing lower COD(Al) of the permeate.
• filtration units are used.
• the more or less diluted permeate from the construction of MF/UF Fl, obtained as described above, may then be led to a second construction of membrane filtration F2.
• This second type of membrane filtration F2 is designed in such a way that, except for a second permeate Pe2, a second concentrate K, L is received, which will substantially contain the inorganic chemical coagulants in solution.
• the second permeate Pe2 is re-circulated as a precipitation agent.
• the precipitating effect of the permeate may be regulated by regulating pH.
• pH is relatively low and the ions are dissolved.
• pH is more neutral, typically between pH 5-7, which causes precipitation.
• the second permeate Pe2 may also be deposited in a storage tank T7.
• the permeate may be subject to heat exchange with the sludge CI, which saves energy.
• the second concentrate K, L is subject to washing, by adding water, and then subsequently pumped to an optional further filtration step, or discarded.
• the ratio of water added is 1 : 1 in relation to the amount of first concentrate J.
• the washing step is advantageous, since in increases the amount of coagulant that can be re-circulated in the process.
• the resulting first concentrate J is cleaner than the first concentrate J and the yield of recovered Fe or Al can exceed 90%.
• the first concentrate J is subject to washing, by adding water, before being transferred to the construction of MF/UF F2. If several filters are present, the washing step is conducted just before the sludge is transferred to the last filter. Typically, the ratio of water added is 1 : 1 in relation to the amount of first concentrate J.
• the washing step is advantageous, since in increases the amount of coagulant that can be re-circulated in the process.
• the resulting first concentrate J is cleaner than the first concentrate J and the yield of recovered Fe or Al can exceed 90%.
• the first concentrate J is led to the construction of MF/UF F2.
• a pressure meter/regulator PI controls a control valve VI on the outlet of a second concentrate K from the construction of MF/UF F2, such that a constant preset pressure on the feed is obtained.
• the difference between this pressure and the pressure obtained by the pump P3 will at the same time constitute the differential pressure over the construction of MF/UF Fl .
• a recirculation of the second concentrate K over the construction of MF/UF F2 is also possible by means of a pump P4.
• a certain predetermined level such as 15-20 % (by weight) dry substance, it is separated from the process.
• the process is run as a semi continuous batch process. This is advantageous, since it saves a separate dewatering step, which would have been needed if the level of dry substance in the concentrate would have been lower.
• the second concentrate K, L is separated form the process directly.
• the process may be run as a continuous process.
• the second concentrate K, L may then optionally be subject to a separate dewatering step, to increase the level of dry substance.
• the acidic second concentrate L from the construction of
• MF/UF F2 is led to a neutralizing tank T8, which is provided with an agitator.
• a base P preferably lime or sludge of lime is added to the neutralizing tank T8 until a neutral pH is obtained.
• a neutralized concentrate Q is thereafter tapped off or re-circulated.
• the concentrate I As the permeate Pel, Pe2, containing aluminum and iron ions, is separated and re-circulated and new acidified sludge is fed from the tank T6, the concentrate I, which is re-circulated, will contain more and more of suspended and dissolved substances. This will imply that the flux, i.e. the flow of concentrate J, will decrease. When the flux has reached a critical level, such as 15-20 % (by weight) dry substance, the process is stopped and the concentrate I may have to be separated from the process.
• a critical level such as 15-20 % (by weight) dry substance
• the first concentrate J from the device Fl of micro filtration (MF)/ultra filtration (UF), is preferably subjected to subsequent micro filtration (MF)/ultra filtration (UF) at device F2.
• the membrane type is chosen so that Al 3+ and Fe 3+ may pass, and thereby be re-circulated.
• the part of the first concentrate I, or the second concentrate K may be separated from the process, either semi-continuously or continuously, and incinerated.
• the first concentrate J and the second concentrate K, L comprise less organic salts due to the filtration in Fl and/or F2.
• Fig. 5 is a schematic illustration of a method 50 for treatment of sludge (CI) from waterworks or wastewater treatment plant (W/WTP), said sludge comprising precipitated inorganic chemical coagulants and precipitated organic substances.
• CI sludge
• W/WTP wastewater treatment plant
• the method 50 is suitably executed with a construction according to Fig. 1.
• the method 50 comprises a step of adding 51 inorganic chemical coagulants, comprising iron ions, to a flocculation basin 1 of the waterworks or wastewater treatment plant W/WTP, leading to flocculation of particles which sediment to form a sludge CI in a flocculation basin 2, thus purifying the water A, giving pure water E.
• the method 50 also comprises a step of adding 52 an acid F to said sludge CI, comprising precipitated inorganic chemical coagulants and precipitated organic substances, in such way that a first sludge mixture G with pH below 3.5 is received, which includes said inorganic chemical coagulants in solution and said organic substances.
• the method also comprises a step of feeding 53 said obtained first sludge mixture G to at least one membrane filtration process Fl, in which a first concentrate J and a first permeate Pel are obtained and a step of keeping 54 a temperature of said sludge CI, said first sludge mixture G, said first concentrate J and said first permeate Pel which is below the boiling point of water at atmospheric pressure.
• the method further comprises a step of adding 55 an oxidizing agent H, such as hydrogen peroxide to the flocculation basin 1.
• the hydrogen peroxide is added to a concentration of 5 ppm to 60 ppm, such as 5 ppm to 10 ppm.
• the temperature of the sludge CI, said first sludge mixture G, said first concentrate J, said second concentrate K, L and said first and second permeate Pel, Pe2 is below 100°C, such as between about 40°C and about 90°C, such as between about 80°C and about 90°C.
• the above mentioned membrane processes are carried out at the same time as an effective hydrolysis of the organic matter in the sludge is obtained.
• Hydrolysis implies that water molecules are bound in polymeric organic substances, which then are split up into smaller pieces. The decomposition into smaller molecules facilitates subsequent biological decomposition.
• a hydrolysis of an organic substance hardly ever occurs, when it gets in contact with water.
• a strong acid or at an elevated temperature which at the same time requires a pressurisation of the sludge, or a combination of the two, a hydrolysis of the organic substances, which usually can be found in sludge from waterworks and sludge from wastewater treatment plants, occur almost without exception.
• Hydrolysis of sludge is a method that, in recent times, is utilised more and more to increase the production of biogas in digester constructions, which at the same time imply that the amount of residual sludge is decreased.
• the usual hydrolysis procedure in this context, is thermal hydrolysis.
• Thermal hydrolysis in combination with addition of acid gives a more effective hydrolysis in a shorter period of time. Addition of acid and necessary subsequent neutralization is however often believed to be too costly.
• the addition of acid, the pressure that the recycling process requires, and the thermal energy that the elevation of pressure generates, is utilized.
• the present invention brings with it that the greater part of the used chemical coagulants, trivalent iron or aluminum, is separated from the organic compounds and suspended substances bound in sludge at the same time as the organic substances are effectively hydrolyzed.
• the chemical coagulants may be recovered and the amount of sludge is decreased, since the iron or aluminum hydroxide formed the by the chemical coagulant has been removed.
• the simultaneously accomplished hydrolysis of the organic substances increases the biological degradability, which partly improves the properties of the sludge as a soil improvement agent, partly increases the production of biogas and further reduces the residual amount of sludge in a subsequent digestion.
• the invention simultaneously replaces a costly investment and operation of a conventional construction of dewatering.
• the treatment of the sludge additionally leads to the fact that the tapped off concentrate may be hygienic.
• the term "hygienic” denotes that a bacterially contaminated solution is treated in such a way that the risk of transference of infection reaches an acceptable level.
• the object with the treatment is to kill off vegetative forms of disease generating microorganisms.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
• Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Separation Of Suspended Particles By Flocculating Agents (AREA)
• Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)

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• 2011
  • 2011-12-14 WO PCT/EP2011/072738 patent/WO2012146324A1/en active Application Filing
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