EP2697804B1 - Star-quad cable with shield - Google Patents
Star-quad cable with shield Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2697804B1 EP2697804B1 EP20120707984 EP12707984A EP2697804B1 EP 2697804 B1 EP2697804 B1 EP 2697804B1 EP 20120707984 EP20120707984 EP 20120707984 EP 12707984 A EP12707984 A EP 12707984A EP 2697804 B1 EP2697804 B1 EP 2697804B1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- shield
- conductors
- cores
- star
- core
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B11/00—Communication cables or conductors
- H01B11/02—Cables with twisted pairs or quads
- H01B11/06—Cables with twisted pairs or quads with means for reducing effects of electromagnetic or electrostatic disturbances, e.g. screens
- H01B11/10—Screens specially adapted for reducing interference from external sources
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B11/00—Communication cables or conductors
- H01B11/02—Cables with twisted pairs or quads
- H01B11/04—Cables with twisted pairs or quads with pairs or quads mutually positioned to reduce cross-talk
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B11/00—Communication cables or conductors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B11/00—Communication cables or conductors
- H01B11/005—Quad constructions
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B11/00—Communication cables or conductors
- H01B11/02—Cables with twisted pairs or quads
- H01B11/06—Cables with twisted pairs or quads with means for reducing effects of electromagnetic or electrostatic disturbances, e.g. screens
- H01B11/10—Screens specially adapted for reducing interference from external sources
- H01B11/1033—Screens specially adapted for reducing interference from external sources composed of a wire-braided conductor
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
- H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
- H01B7/18—Protection against damage caused by wear, mechanical force or pressure; Sheaths; Armouring
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a star quad cable for transmitting electrical signals with at least two pairs of electrical conductors, wherein each conductor comprises a core of an electrically conductive material and a conductor surrounding the wire conductor shell of an electrically insulating material, wherein the conductors in a Cross section of the star quad cable are arranged at the corners of a square, wherein the conductors of a pair are arranged at diagonally opposite corners of the square, wherein four conductors are twisted together according to a star quad array with a predetermined stranding factor, wherein one of the two pairs of Conductors radially outwardly surrounding screen is disposed of an electrically conductive material, wherein between the conductors and the screen, an additional insulator shell of an electrically insulating material is arranged, wherein the screen is constructed of a mesh of individual shield wires, gem according to the preamble of claim 1.
- a so-called "star quad” is a stranding element for conductors with, for example, copper wires.
- Four conductors of pairs of conductors are twisted together to form two cross-shaped stranded double conductors. Two opposing conductors form a pair, each transmitting an electrical signal on a pair.
- the four conductors in the cross section of the star quad are arranged at the corners of a square, wherein the conductors of a pair are arranged at diagonally opposite corners.
- the quad-core cable is one of the balanced cables.
- this cable four conductors are stranded with each other in a cross shape. This means that the opposite conductors each form a conductor pair. Due to the mutually perpendicular conductor pairs only very low crosstalk occurs.
- Another advantage of the star quad stranding is, in addition to the mechanical stabilization of the arrangement of the conductors relative to one another, the higher packing density than in a pair stranding.
- Stranding factor specifies the ratio of single-conductor length to cable length. For example, the stranding factor for telecommunication cables is about 1.02 to 1.04.
- the stranding factor correlates with a pitch resulting from the helical arrangement of the stranded conductors. The pitch or slope or pitch indicates a thread at an axial distance of two thread notches.
- the invention has for its object to improve a star quad cable of the type above in such a way that the electrical properties of the cable are not significantly affected by aging, nor by the load with bending and torsional stresses in a transfer of the four-wire cable.
- At least one, in particular four shielding wires or at least one, in particular four Schirmaderbündel are stranded radially surrounding the conductors, that in each case at least one of the stranded stranded conductors or one of the Schirmaderbündel in the axial direction in each case substantially parallel to a vein a conductor runs, in each case a Schirmader or a Schirmaderbündel on the one hand and a wire on the other hand in the axial direction parallel to each other, that the Schirmader or the Schirmaderbündel and the wire lie at any point in the cross section of the four-star cable on the same diagonal of the square and the shield wire or the shield wire bundle is arranged on a side of the wire facing away from the square.
- a particularly secure guidance of the shield wires or shielding wire bundles in parallel along a respective wire of a conductor even with bending and torsional loads of the four-wire cable is achieved in that the shield wires or Schirmaderbündel are stranded with a stranding factor, which corresponds to a stranding factor of the ladder.
- a further improvement of the transmission characteristic of the star quad cable by enabling additional electrical compensation currents on the screen is achieved by the fact that radially outward on the screen, a second screen is arranged, which is electrically conductively connected to the screen.
- a particularly large-scale conduction of equalizing currents across the second screen is achieved in that the second screen is formed as a sheath or foil of an electrically conductive material.
- a particularly good preservation of the flexibility of the star quad cable despite the second screen is achieved by the fact that the second screen is constructed from a network of individual second shield wires.
- a high number of electrical contact points between the second screen cores of the second screen and the screen cores of the radially inner screen are achieved by the second screen cores opposite to the screen cores of the screen, in particular with a stranding factor which corresponds to the stranding factor of the screen cores of the screen. are stranded.
- a star quad cable according to the invention comprises four conductors 10, 12, 14, 16, each having a core 18 made of an electrically conductive material and a conductor shell 20 made of an electrically insulating material.
- the conductors 10, 12, 14, 16 are twisted together to form a star quad array, ie at each point in the cross section of the four-wire cable are the conductors 10, 12, 14, 16 at a corner of a square 17.
- Each on a diagonal 19 of the square 17 opposite conductors 10, 12 and 14, 16 form a pair, ie the conductors 10, 12 form a first pair of conductors or a first conductor pair 12, 14 and the conductors 14, 16 form a second pair of conductors or a second pair of conductors 14, 16.
- the twist of the conductors 10, 12, 14, 16 is carried out with a predetermined stranding factor, which requires a corresponding pitch or pitch s.
- the lay length s is in this case the axial distance at which a conductor 10, 12, 14, 16 once helically winds completely around a longitudinal axis of the four-star cable.
- Fig. 2 a coordinate system with an x-axis 40 and a y-axis 42 is shown.
- the coordinate system 40, 42 is arranged such that the origin 44 of the coordinate system 40, 42 lies exactly on the longitudinal axis of the star quad cable, so that this longitudinal axis forms a z-direction in space for the coordinate system 40, 42.
- a first signal is transmitted to the first pair of conductors 10, 12, and a second signal is transmitted to the second pair of conductors 14, 16.
- a corresponding phase shift between the first and second signal and the previously described spatial arrangement of the conductors 10, 12, 14, 16 relative to each other in a star quad array is in a known manner, a high crosstalk attenuation between the two conductor pairs 10, 12 and 14, 16 achieved.
- the signals on the conductor pairs 10, 12 and 14, 16 have a phase shift of 180 °.
- the stranded conductor 10, 12,14, 16 radially surrounding the outside of a screen 22 is arranged, which is constructed of discrete or individual shield wires 23.
- a jacket 25 made of an electrically insulating material surrounds radially outside the entire structure of conductors 10, 12, 14, 16 and screen 22.
- an additional insulating jacket 24 is made arranged an electrically insulating material. This creates an additional spatial distance in the radial direction between the wires 18 of the conductors 10, 12, 14, 16 on the one hand and the screen 22 on the other. The resulting effect will be described below with reference to FIGS Fig. 3 and 4 explained.
- Fig. 3 a schematic sectional view of a conventional star quad cable with conductors 10, 12, 14, 16 with respective wires 18 and conductor shrouds 20 and a screen 22 is shown.
- the screen 22 is radially outward directly on the conductor shrouds 20 of the conductors 10, 12, 14, 16, so that there is a minimum radial distance between the wires 18 and the screen 22.
- Arrows show the distribution of an electric field when transmitting corresponding electrical signals via the conductors 10, 12, 14, 16, the greater the electric field, the larger the respective arrow is shown. It is off Fig. 3 to recognize that a strong electric field between the wires 18 of the second pair of conductors 14, 16 and the screen 22 is formed.
- Fig. 4 shows in an analog view like Fig. 3 the distribution of the electric field for a star quad cable formed with the additional insulator jacket 24.
- the screen 22 by the between the conductors 10, 12, 14, 16 on the one hand and the screen 22 on the other hand arranged additional Insulating jacket 24 a greater radial distance from the wires 18, as in the conventional embodiment of a star quad cable according to Fig. 3 ,
- Fig. 4 it turns out Fig. 4 in that the electric field is now concentrated between the conductors 10, 12, 14, 16.
- the effects described by a deterioration of the screen 22 in the star quad cable designed according to the invention accordingly have less of an influence on the electrical properties of the star quad cable in terms of signal transmission.
- degradation is an increase in attenuation for a useful signal in the quad-core cable.
- the transmission characteristics of the star quad cable are significantly less adversely affected.
- the star quad cable designed according to the invention is considerably more resistant to damage or aging of the screen 22 in terms of transmission characteristics for electrical signals.
- FIG. 5 and 6 For example, a frequency in [GHz] is plotted on a horizontal axis 26, and a transmission in [dB] is plotted on a vertical axis 28 for electrical signals.
- a first graph 30 in FIG Fig. 5 FIG. 12 illustrates the transmission 28 versus frequency 26 in common mode signal transmission (without phase shifting between the signals on the pairs of conductors 10, 12 and 14, 16) and a second graph 32 in FIG Fig. 5 FIG. 12 illustrates the transmission 28 versus frequency 26 in a differential mode signal (with phase shifting between signals on the pairs of conductors 10, 12 and 14, 16) for a conventional quad-core cable, respectively Fig. 3 ,
- FIG. 12 illustrates transmission 28 versus frequency 26 for common mode signal transmission (without phase shifting between the signals on the pairs of conductors 10, 12 and 14, 16) and a fourth graph 36 in FIG Fig. 6
- Figure 4 illustrates the transmission 28 as a function of the frequency 26 in a differential mode signal (with phase shift between the signals on the conductor pairs 10, 12 and 14, 16) for a star quad cable according to the invention, respectively Fig. 4
- the Graphs 30, 32, 34 and 36 are each from simulations for the arrangement according to the Fig. 3 and 4 won.
- second graph 32 can be seen occurs in a conventional star quad cable break in the transmission in push-pull at about 2.9 GHz. This burglary is no longer present in a star quad cable according to the invention, as seen from Fig. 6 , fourth graph 26 can be seen.
- This simulation result impressively shows the resounding and unexpected improvement in the electrical properties of the star quad cable according to the invention in the transmission of electrical signals. This improvement is already given here before damage or aging of the screen.
- a further improvement of the electrical properties or the transmission characteristics of the star quad cable for electrical signals is achieved by at least individual shield wires 23 each following one of the conductors 10, 12, 14, 16 in parallel.
- at least individual shield conductors 23 are stranded with the same lay length s or the same stranding factor as the conductors 10, 12, 14, 16.
- the shield core 23a helically winds around the conductors 10, 12, 14, 16 through the stranding such that the shield core 23a extends parallel to the conductor 14.
- the exact relative arrangement between the shield wire 23a and the conductor 14 is off Fig. 2 seen.
- the shield core 23a winds around the conductors 10, 12, 14, 16 such that at each location in the cross-section of the quad-core cable the conductors 14 and the shield core 23a are on a common diagonal 19 and the shield core 23a on one side of the conductor 14 is arranged, which faces away from the square 17.
- a shield current assigned to the conductor 14 can follow the conductor 14 without transition to another shield core 23.
- the electrical conduction of the shielding current across the shield 22 improves and overall the electrical properties and / or the transfer characteristic of the four-core cable for the transmission of electrical signals is improved. In particular, for example, results in a low Damping for the electrical useful signal transmitted by the star quad cable according to the invention.
- the square 17 has, for example, a side length a 48 of 0.83 mm.
- This side length a corresponds to the distance of the centers of two adjacent conductors 10, 12, 14, 16.
- n a 2 ⁇ cos 2 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ t + n - 1 ⁇ ⁇ 2 a 2 ⁇ sin 2 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ t + n - 1 ⁇ ⁇ 2 s ⁇ t
- ⁇ 0 °.
- the shield core 23a is preferred for guiding the shield current associated with the conductor 14, this shield current of the conductor 14 may also be guided by one of the two shield conductors 23 adjacent to the shield core 23a. Thus, should the shield core 23a be damaged due to bending or torsional loading, the shield current may still flow substantially parallel to the conductor 14 across the shield 22 along the shield conductors 23a without having to make a change to another shield core 23.
- a lay length s 46 is for example 40 mm.
- a second screen (not shown) made of an electrically conductive material is additionally arranged radially on the outside of the screen 22.
- This second screen is thereby electrically conductively connected to the screen 22 on its radially inner side, so that electrical compensation currents can flow over the second screen.
- manufacturing tolerances can be compensated which, for example, lead to the shield core 23a not being exactly parallel to the associated conductor 14 (FIG. Fig. 2 ) runs.
- the equalizing currents over the second screen By means of the equalizing currents over the second screen, aging phenomena or damage to the screen 22 can be compensated accordingly.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Communication Cables (AREA)
- Insulated Conductors (AREA)
- Shielding Devices Or Components To Electric Or Magnetic Fields (AREA)
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Sternvierer-Kabel zum Übertragen von elektrischen Signalen mit mindestens zwei Paaren von elektrischen Leitern, wobei jeder Leiter eine Ader aus einem elektrisch leitenden Werkstoff und einen die Ader radial umgebenden Leitermantel aus einem elektrisch isolierenden Werkstoff aufweist, wobei die Leiter in einem Querschnitt des Sternvierer-Kabels an den Ecken eines Quadrates angeordnet sind, wobei die Leiter eines Paares an diagonal gegenüberliegenden Ecken des Quadrats angeordnet sind, wobei jeweils vier Leiter gemäß einer Sternvierer-Anordnung mit einem vorbestimmten Verseilungsfaktor miteinander verdrillt sind, wobei ein die zwei Paare von Leitern radial außen umgebender Schirm aus einem elektrisch leitenden Werkstoff angeordnet ist, wobei zwischen den Leitern und dem Schirm ein zusätzlicher Isolatormantel aus einem elektrisch isolierenden Werkstoff angeordnet ist, wobei der Schirm aus einem Geflecht einzelner Schirmadern aufgebaut ist, gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The present invention relates to a star quad cable for transmitting electrical signals with at least two pairs of electrical conductors, wherein each conductor comprises a core of an electrically conductive material and a conductor surrounding the wire conductor shell of an electrically insulating material, wherein the conductors in a Cross section of the star quad cable are arranged at the corners of a square, wherein the conductors of a pair are arranged at diagonally opposite corners of the square, wherein four conductors are twisted together according to a star quad array with a predetermined stranding factor, wherein one of the two pairs of Conductors radially outwardly surrounding screen is disposed of an electrically conductive material, wherein between the conductors and the screen, an additional insulator shell of an electrically insulating material is arranged, wherein the screen is constructed of a mesh of individual shield wires, gem according to the preamble of claim 1.
Ein sogenannter "Sternvierer" ist ein Verseilelement für Leiter mit beispielsweise Kupferadern. Vier Leiter von Paaren von Leitern werden miteinander verdrillt und bilden dann zwei kreuzförmig verseilte Doppelleiter. Zwei gegenüberliegende Leiter bilden ein Paar, wobei auf einem Paar jeweils ein elektrisches Signal übertragen wird. Mit anderen Worten sind die vier Leiter im Querschnitt des Sternvierers an den Ecken eines Quadrates angeordnet, wobei die Leiter eines Paares an diagonal gegenüberliegenden Ecken angeordnet sind. Durch die hierdurch senkrecht zueinander stehenden Leiterpaare ergibt sich eine gewünschte hohe Übersprechdämpfung von einem Paar zu dem anderen Paar.A so-called "star quad" is a stranding element for conductors with, for example, copper wires. Four conductors of pairs of conductors are twisted together to form two cross-shaped stranded double conductors. Two opposing conductors form a pair, each transmitting an electrical signal on a pair. In other words, the four conductors in the cross section of the star quad are arranged at the corners of a square, wherein the conductors of a pair are arranged at diagonally opposite corners. By doing this vertically mutually standing conductor pairs results in a desired high crosstalk attenuation from one pair to the other pair.
Das Sternvierer-Kabel gehört zu den symmetrischen Kabeln. Bei diesem Kabel sind vier Leiter miteinander kreuzförmig verseilt. Das bedeutet, dass die gegenüberliegenden Leiter jeweils ein Leiterpaar bilden. Durch die senkrecht zueinander stehenden Leiterpaare findet nur sehr geringes Übersprechen statt. Ein weiterer Vorteil der Sternviererverseilung ist neben der mechanischen Stabilisierung der Anordnung der Leiter relativ zueinander die höhere Packdichte als bei einer Paarverseilung.The quad-core cable is one of the balanced cables. In this cable four conductors are stranded with each other in a cross shape. This means that the opposite conductors each form a conductor pair. Due to the mutually perpendicular conductor pairs only very low crosstalk occurs. Another advantage of the star quad stranding is, in addition to the mechanical stabilization of the arrangement of the conductors relative to one another, the higher packing density than in a pair stranding.
Durch die Verseilung werden die Leiter bzw. Einzeladern länger als das Kabel selbst. Der sogen. Verseilungsfaktor gibt das Verhältnis Einzelleiterlänge zu Kabellänge an. Der Verseilungsfaktor beträgt bei Fernmeldekabeln beispielsweise etwa 1,02 bis 1,04. Der Verseilungsfaktor korreliert mit einer Teilung bzw. Steigung bzw. Ganghöhe, die sich aus der schraubenartigen Anordnung der miteinander verseilten Leiter ergibt. Die Teilung bzw. Steigung bzw. Ganghöhe gibt bei einem Gewinde einen axialen Abstand von zwei Gewindekerben an.Due to the stranding, the conductors or individual cores become longer than the cable itself. Stranding factor specifies the ratio of single-conductor length to cable length. For example, the stranding factor for telecommunication cables is about 1.02 to 1.04. The stranding factor correlates with a pitch resulting from the helical arrangement of the stranded conductors. The pitch or slope or pitch indicates a thread at an axial distance of two thread notches.
Aus der gattungsgemäßen Druckschrift
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Sternvierer-Kabel der o.g. Art dahingehend zu verbessern, dass die elektrischen Eigenschaften des Kabels weder durch Alterung noch durch die Belastung mit Biege- und Torsionsspannungen bei einer Verlegung des Sternvierer-Kabels wesentlich negativ beeinflusst werden.The invention has for its object to improve a star quad cable of the type above in such a way that the electrical properties of the cable are not significantly affected by aging, nor by the load with bending and torsional stresses in a transfer of the four-wire cable.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch ein Sternvierer-Kabel der o.g. Art mit den in Anspruch 1 gekennzeichneten Merkmalen gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den weiteren Ansprüchen beschrieben.This object is achieved by a star quad cable og. Art solved with the features characterized in claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are described in the further claims.
Bei einem Sternvierer-Kabel der o.g. Art ist es erfindungsgemäß vorgesehen, dass mindestens eine, insbesondere vier Schirmadern oder mindestens ein, insbesondere vier Schirmaderbündel derart radial die Leiter umgebend verseilt sind, dass jeweils mindestens eine der verseilten Schirmadern bzw. eines der Schirmaderbündel in axialer Richtung jeweils im Wesentlichen parallel zu einer Ader eines Leiters verläuft, wobei jeweils eine Schirmader bzw. ein Schirmaderbündel einerseits und eine Ader andererseits in axialer Richtung derart parallel zueinander verlaufen, dass die Schirmader bzw. das Schirmaderbündel und die Ader an jeder Stelle im Querschnitt des Sternvierer-Kabels auf derselben Diagonale des Quadrats liegen und die Schirmader bzw. das Schirmaderbündel auf einer von dem Quadrat abgewandten Seite der Ader angeordnet ist.For a four-wire cable, the o.g. It is inventively provided that at least one, in particular four shielding wires or at least one, in particular four Schirmaderbündel are stranded radially surrounding the conductors, that in each case at least one of the stranded stranded conductors or one of the Schirmaderbündel in the axial direction in each case substantially parallel to a vein a conductor runs, in each case a Schirmader or a Schirmaderbündel on the one hand and a wire on the other hand in the axial direction parallel to each other, that the Schirmader or the Schirmaderbündel and the wire lie at any point in the cross section of the four-star cable on the same diagonal of the square and the shield wire or the shield wire bundle is arranged on a side of the wire facing away from the square.
Dies hat den Vorteil, dass Schirmströme reduziert und dadurch die übertragungstechnischen Eigenschaften des Sternvierer-Kabels auch bei Biege- und Torsionsbelastungen, die den Schirm mechanisch beeinflussen, erhalten bleiben. Setzungserscheinungen im Sternvierer-Kabel sind vermieden und ein Abisolieren des Sternvierer-Kabels ist vereinfacht, da eine Gefahr der Beschädigung der Adern beim Aufschneiden eines äußeren Isolationsmantels reduziert ist. Zusätzlich erzeugt der zusätzliche Isolatormantel eine radial Vorspannung auf die Leitermäntel der Adern, wodurch eine mechanische Stabilität der Sternviereranordnung bei Biege- und Torsionsbelastungen erhöht ist. Es wird weiterhin eine Verbesserung der Leitung von elektrischen Schirmströmen mit dementsprechender Verbesserung der elektrischen Eigenschaften des Sternvierer-Kabels erzielt, wobei gleichzeitig eine besonders gute Leitung von jeweils einer Ader zugeordneten Schirmströmen erreicht wird. Eine hohe mechanische Flexibilität des Sternvierer-Kabels mit im Wesentlichen unveränderter Anordnung der Leiter relativ zueinander auch bei Biege- und Torsionsbelastungen auf das Sternvierer-Kabel erzielt man dadurch, dass der Schirm aus einem Geflecht einzelner Schirmadern aufgebaut ist.This has the advantage that shield currents are reduced, thereby preserving the transfer characteristics of the quad-core cable, even under bending and torsion loads that mechanically influence the shield. Settling phenomena in the quad-core cable are avoided and stripping of the quad-core cable is simplified since there is a reduced risk of damaging the wires when cutting an outer insulation jacket. In addition, the additional insulator jacket generates a radial bias on the conductor sheaths of the cores, whereby a mechanical stability of the star quad assembly is increased in bending and torsional loads. It is further achieved an improvement in the management of electrical shielding currents with corresponding improvement in the electrical properties of the star quad cable, at the same time a particularly good line is achieved by each one core associated shielding currents. A high mechanical flexibility of the star quad cable with substantially unchanged arrangement of the conductors relative to each other even with bending and torsional stresses on the four-wire cable is achieved by the fact that the screen is constructed of a network of individual shield wires.
Eine besonders sichere Führung der Schirmadern bzw. Schirmaderbündel parallel entlang einer jeweiligen Ader eines Leiters auch bei Biege- und Torsionsbelastungen des Sternvierer-Kabels erzielt man dadurch, dass die Schirmadern bzw. Schirmaderbündel mit einem Verseilungsfaktor verseilt sind, welcher einem Verseilungsfaktor der Leiter entspricht.A particularly secure guidance of the shield wires or shielding wire bundles in parallel along a respective wire of a conductor even with bending and torsional loads of the four-wire cable is achieved in that the shield wires or Schirmaderbündel are stranded with a stranding factor, which corresponds to a stranding factor of the ladder.
Eine gute elektrische Leitfähigkeit bei gleichzeitig niedrigen Herstellungskosten erzielt man dadurch, dass die Adern aus Kupfer hergestellt sind.Good electrical conductivity coupled with low manufacturing costs is achieved by making the wires from copper.
Eine weitere Verbesserung der Übertragungscharakteristik des Sternvierer-Kabels durch die Ermöglichung von zusätzlichen elektrischen Ausgleichsströmen am Schirm erzielt man dadurch, dass radial außen auf dem Schirm ein zweiter Schirm angeordnet ist, welcher elektrisch leitend mit dem Schirm verbunden ist. Diese Ausgleichsströme ermöglichten einen Ausgleich von Fertigungstoleranzen, die ggf. dazu führen, dass Schirmadern und zugeordnete Leitung nicht exakt parallel zueinander verlaufen.A further improvement of the transmission characteristic of the star quad cable by enabling additional electrical compensation currents on the screen is achieved by the fact that radially outward on the screen, a second screen is arranged, which is electrically conductively connected to the screen. These equalizing currents made it possible to compensate for manufacturing tolerances which possibly lead to shielding wires and associated line not being exactly parallel to one another.
Eine besonders großflächige Leitung von Ausgleichsströmen über den zweiten Schirm wird dadurch erzielt, dass der zweite Schirm als Mantel oder Folie aus einem elektrisch leitenden Werkstoff ausgebildet ist.A particularly large-scale conduction of equalizing currents across the second screen is achieved in that the second screen is formed as a sheath or foil of an electrically conductive material.
Eine besonders gute Erhaltung der Flexibilität des Sternvierer-Kabels trotz des zweiten Schirmes erzielt man dadurch, dass der zweite Schirm aus einem Geflecht einzelner zweiter Schirmadern aufgebaut ist.A particularly good preservation of the flexibility of the star quad cable despite the second screen is achieved by the fact that the second screen is constructed from a network of individual second shield wires.
Eine hohe Anzahl von elektrischen Kontaktpunkten zwischen den zweiten Schirmadern des zweiten Schirmes und den Schirmadern des radial innen liegenden Schirmes erzielt man dadurch, dass die zweiten Schirmadern gegenläufig zu den Schirmadern des Schirms, insbesondere mit einem Verseilungsfaktor, welcher dem Verseilungsfaktor der Schirmadern des Schirmes entspricht, verseilt sind.A high number of electrical contact points between the second screen cores of the second screen and the screen cores of the radially inner screen are achieved by the second screen cores opposite to the screen cores of the screen, in particular with a stranding factor which corresponds to the stranding factor of the screen cores of the screen. are stranded.
Die Erfindung wird im Folgenden anhand der Zeichnung näher erläutert. Diese zeigt in:
- Fig. 1
- eine bespielhafte Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Sternvierer-Kabels perspektivischer Ansicht,
- Fig. 2
- das Sternvierer-Kabel gemäß
Fig. 1 in schematischer Schnittansicht, - Fig. 3
- eine schematische Schnittansicht eines herkömmlichen Sternvierer-Kabels mit einer graphischen Darstellung der Verteilung eines elektrischen Feldes,
- Fig. 4
- eine schematische Schnittansicht eines erfindungsgemäßen Sternvierer-Kabels mit einer graphischen Darstellung der Verteilung eines elektrischen Feldes,
- Fig. 5
- eine graphische Darstellung einer Transmission eines elektrischen Signals in Abhängigkeit von einer Frequenz für das herkömmliche Sternvierer-Kabel gemäß
Fig. 3 , - Fig. 6
- eine graphische Darstellung einer Transmission eines elektrischen Signals in Abhängigkeit von einer Frequenz für das erfindungsgemäße Sternvierer-Kabel gemäß
Fig. 4 und - Fig. 7
- eine vereinfachte schematische Darstellung von miteinander verseilten Leitern und einer Schirmader der beispielhaften Ausführungsform des Sternvierer-Kabels gemäß
Fig. 1 und2 .
- Fig. 1
- an exemplary embodiment of a star quad cable according to the invention perspective view,
- Fig. 2
- the star quad cable according to
Fig. 1 in a schematic sectional view, - Fig. 3
- a schematic sectional view of a conventional star quad cable with a graphical representation of the distribution of an electric field,
- Fig. 4
- a schematic sectional view of a star quad cable according to the invention with a graphical representation of the distribution of an electric field,
- Fig. 5
- a graphical representation of a transmission of an electrical signal in response to a frequency for the conventional star quad cable according to
Fig. 3 . - Fig. 6
- a graphical representation of a transmission of an electrical signal as a function of a frequency for the star quad cable according to the invention according to
Fig. 4 and - Fig. 7
- a simplified schematic representation of stranded conductors and a shield wire of the exemplary embodiment of the star quad cable according to
Fig. 1 and2 ,
Die in den
Bei der Signalübertragung wird mit dem ersten Leiterpaar 10, 12 ein erstes Signal und mit dem zweiten Leiterpaar 14, 16 ein zweites Signal übertragen. Durch eine entsprechende Phasenverschiebung zwischen dem ersten und zweiten Signal und die zuvor beschriebene räumliche Anordnung der Leiter 10, 12, 14, 16 relativ zueinander in einer Sternvierer-Anordnung wird in bekannter Weise eine hohe Übersprechdämpfung zwischen den beiden Leiterpaaren 10, 12 und 14, 16 erzielt. Bei einem sogenannten Differentiellen Mode haben die Signale auf den Leiterpaaren 10, 12 und 14, 16 eine Phasenverschiebung von 180°.In the signal transmission, a first signal is transmitted to the first pair of
Die verseilten Leiter 10, 12,14, 16 radial außen umgebend ist ein Schirm 22 angeordnet, welcher aus diskreten bzw. einzelnen Schirmadern 23 aufgebaut ist. Ein Mantel 25 aus einem elektrisch isolierenden Werkstoff umgibt radial außen den gesamten Aufbau aus Leitern 10, 12, 14, 16 und Schirm 22. Zwischen den verseilten Leiterpaaren 10, 12 und 14, 16 einerseits und dem Schirm 22 andererseits ist ein zusätzlicher Isoliermantel 24 aus einem elektrisch isolierenden Werkstoff angeordnet. Dieser schafft einen zusätzlichen räumlichen Abstand in radialer Richtung zwischen den Adern 18 der Leiter 10, 12, 14, 16 einerseits und dem Schirm 22 andererseits. Der sich hierdurch ergebende Effekt wird nachfolgend unter Bezugnahme auf die
In
In
Wie aus
Eine weitere Verbesserung der elektrischen Eigenschaften bzw. der Übertragungseigenschaften des Sternvierer-Kabeis für elektrische Signale wird dadurch erzielt, dass mindestens einzelne Schirmadern 23 jeweils einem der Leiter 10, 12, 14, 16 parallel folgen. Mit anderen Worten sind mindestens einzelne Schirmadern 23 mit derselben Schlaglänge s bzw. demselben Verseilungsfaktor verseilt, wie die Leiter 10, 12, 14, 16. Dies ist beispielhaft für eine Schirmader 23a in
Das Quadrat 17 hat beispielsweise eine Seitenlänge a 48 von 0,83 mm. Diese Seitenlänge a entspricht dem Abstand der Mittelpunkte von zwei benachbarten Leitern 10, 12, 14, 16. Ein Ortsvektor
Ein entsprechender Ortsvektor
wobei dSchirm ein Durchmesser 50 einer Schirmader 23, 23a, nSchirm = [1...NSchirm], wobei NSchrim eine Gesamtzahl der Schirmadern ist, und
where d screen is a
Obwohl die Schirmader 23a bevorzugt für die Führung des dem Leiter 14 zugeordneten Schirmstromes ist, kann dieser Schirmstrom des Leiters 14 auch ggf. von einem der beiden zur Schirmader 23a benachbarten Schirmadern 23 geführt werden. Sollte also aufgrund einer Biege- oder Torsionsbelastung die Schirmader 23a beschädigt sein, kann der Schirmstrom trotzdem immer noch im wesentlichen parallel zum Leiter 14 über den Schirm 22 entlang der Schirmadern 23a fließen, ohne dabei einen Wechsel auf eine anderen Schirmader 23 durchführen zu müssen.Although the
Eine Schlaglänge s 46 beträgt beispielsweise 40 mm. Ein Radius 54 des Schirmes 22 beträgt beispielsweise rSchirm = 1,5 mm. Ein Durchmesser 56 einer Ader 18 beträgt beispielsweise dAder = 0,48 mm. Ein Durchmesser 58 eines Leitermantels 20 beträgt beispielsweise dAderiso = a = 0,83 mm. Der Durchmesser 50 einer Schirmader 23, 23a beträgt beispielsweise dSchirm = 0,1 mm.A lay length s 46 is for example 40 mm. A
Optional ist zusätzlich radial außen auf dem Schirm 22 ein zweiter Schirm (nicht dargestellt) aus einem elektrisch leitenden Werkstoff angeordnet. Dieser zweite Schirm ist dadurch an seiner radial innen liegenden Seite elektrisch leitend mit dem Schirm 22 verbunden, so dass über den zweiten Schirm elektrische Ausgleichsströme fließen können. Hierdurch können mittels der Ausgleichsströme ggf. Fertigungstoleranzen ausgeglichen werden, die beispielsweise dazu führen, dass die Schirmader 23a nicht exakt parallel zu dem zugeordneten Leiter 14 (
Claims (8)
- Star-quad cable for transmitting electrical signals which has at least two pairs of electrical conductors (10, 12, 14, 16), each conductor (10, 12, 14, 16) having a core (18) made of an electrically conductive material and a conductor sheath (20) made of an electrically insulating material which surrounds the core (18) in a radial position, the conductors (10, 12, 14, 16) being arranged at the corners of a square in a cross-section of the star-quad cable, the conductors (10, 12, 14, 16) making up a pair being arranged at diagonally opposed corners of the square, four conductors (10, 12, 14, 16) at a time being twisted together in a star-quad arrangement with a predetermined lay factor, a shield (22) made of a electrically conductive material which surrounds the two pairs of conductors (10, 12, 14, 16) on the outside radially being placed in position, an additional insulator sheath (24) made of an electrically insulating material being arranged between the conductors (10, 12, 14, 16) and the shield (22), and the shield (22) being constructed from a mesh of individual shield cores, characterised in that at least one, and in particular four, shield cores or at least one, and in particular four, bundles of shield cores are twisted to surround the conductors (10, 12, 14, 16) in a radial position in such a way that at least one of the twisted shield cores or at least one of the bundles of shield cores extends substantially parallel to a respective core (18) of a conductor (10, 12, 14, 16) in the axial direction, a shield core or a bundle of shield cores on the one hand and a respective core (18) on the other hand extending in parallel to one another in the axial direction in such a way that the shield core or the bundle of shield cores and the core (18) lie on the same diagonal of the square at all points along the cross-section of the cable and the shield core or the bundle of shield cores is arranged on a side of the core (18) which is remote from the square.
- Star-quad cable according to claim 1, characterised in that the shield cores or the bundles of shield cores are twisted with a lay factor which corresponds to a lay factor of the conductors (10, 12, 14, 16).
- Star-quad cable according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the cores (18) are made of copper.
- Star-quad cable according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterised in that a second shield which is conductively connected to the shield (22) electrically is arranged on the shield (22) outside it radially.
- Star-quad cable according to claim 4, characterised in that the second shield takes the form of a sheath or foil made of an electrically conductive material.
- Star-quad cable according to claim 4, characterised in that the second shield is constructed as a mesh of individual second shield cores.
- Star-quad cable according to claim 6, characterised in that the second shield cores are twisted in the opposite direction to the cores of the shield (22).
- Star-quad cable according to claim 7, characterised in that the second shield cores are twisted with a lay factor which corresponds to the lay factor of the cores of the shield.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE202011005273U DE202011005273U1 (en) | 2011-04-14 | 2011-04-14 | Star quad cable with screen |
PCT/EP2012/000981 WO2012139685A1 (en) | 2011-04-14 | 2012-03-05 | Star-quad cable with shield |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2697804A1 EP2697804A1 (en) | 2014-02-19 |
EP2697804B1 true EP2697804B1 (en) | 2015-05-06 |
Family
ID=44658362
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP20120707984 Not-in-force EP2697804B1 (en) | 2011-04-14 | 2012-03-05 | Star-quad cable with shield |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US9257215B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2697804B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP5865481B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR20140027209A (en) |
CN (1) | CN103534764B (en) |
CA (1) | CA2825672A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE202011005273U1 (en) |
HK (1) | HK1192055A1 (en) |
TW (1) | TWM438689U (en) |
WO (1) | WO2012139685A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP3595099A1 (en) | 2018-07-13 | 2020-01-15 | Rosenberger Hochfrequenztechnik GmbH & Co. KG | Conductor crosser |
Families Citing this family (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE202011004949U1 (en) * | 2011-04-06 | 2012-07-09 | Coroplast Fritz Müller Gmbh & Co. Kg | Electrical line for transmitting data signals |
DE202011005272U1 (en) * | 2011-04-14 | 2011-12-20 | Rosenberger Hochfrequenztechnik Gmbh & Co. Kg | Star quad cable with screen |
DE102013209224A1 (en) * | 2013-05-17 | 2014-11-20 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | DEVICE WITH A DIFFERENTIAL AMPLIFIER CIRCUIT AND EXTRACTION CIRCUIT |
DE102013019588A1 (en) * | 2013-11-21 | 2015-05-21 | Rosenberger Hochfrequenztechnik Gmbh & Co. Kg | Method for transmitting a USB signal and USB transmission system |
WO2016002812A1 (en) * | 2014-06-30 | 2016-01-07 | 矢崎総業株式会社 | Multiple-circuit cable |
DE202015000753U1 (en) * | 2015-01-30 | 2015-02-16 | Rosenberger Hochfrequenztechnik Gmbh & Co. Kg | Connector arrangement with sleeve part |
KR101783865B1 (en) | 2015-04-30 | 2017-10-10 | 주식회사 유라코퍼레이션 | High voltage cable and method of Manufacturing the same |
DE102016003134A1 (en) * | 2016-03-15 | 2017-09-21 | Rosenberger Hochfrequenztechnik Gmbh & Co. Kg | Cable for transmitting electrical signals |
JP2019079609A (en) * | 2017-10-20 | 2019-05-23 | 株式会社オートネットワーク技術研究所 | Utp cable, and connector |
IT201800010156A1 (en) * | 2018-11-08 | 2020-05-08 | Prysmian Spa | Fire resistant railway signaling cable |
JP7279422B2 (en) * | 2019-03-07 | 2023-05-23 | 株式会社プロテリアル | Composite cable and composite harness |
JP7192624B2 (en) * | 2019-04-01 | 2022-12-20 | 日立金属株式会社 | Rotation speed sensor |
JP7487625B2 (en) * | 2020-09-25 | 2024-05-21 | 株式会社プロテリアル | Composite cables and harnesses |
TWI773440B (en) * | 2021-07-15 | 2022-08-01 | 柯遵毅 | Cable |
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DE1725372U (en) * | 1952-03-06 | 1956-07-05 | Norddeutsche Kabelwerke A G | SHIELDING FOR HIGH FREQUENCY CABLES AND LINES. |
DE1019727B (en) | 1952-05-07 | 1957-11-21 | Siemens Ag | Symmetrical high-frequency cable with a shield made of metallic braiding |
DE1490692A1 (en) * | 1964-10-27 | 1969-07-03 | Siemens Ag | A symmetrical cable consisting of a single stranding element with a single twist length, in particular a flexible carrier frequency cable |
NO174488C (en) * | 1992-02-12 | 1994-05-11 | Alcatel Stk As | Cable for transmitting power and signals |
DE9218768U1 (en) * | 1992-04-28 | 1995-10-26 | Dätwyler AG Kabel und Systeme, Altdorf | electric wire |
JPH11144532A (en) * | 1997-11-11 | 1999-05-28 | Furukawa Electric Co Ltd:The | Telecommunication cable |
DE20016527U1 (en) * | 2000-09-23 | 2000-11-30 | Alcatel, Paris | Electrical installation line |
JP4228172B2 (en) * | 2001-10-25 | 2009-02-25 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | Signal transmission cable, terminal device, and data transmission method using the same |
JP2006019080A (en) * | 2004-06-30 | 2006-01-19 | Hitachi Cable Ltd | Differential signal transmission cable |
CN101523514B (en) * | 2006-10-02 | 2012-01-11 | 冲电线株式会社 | Motor drive cable with high frequency leak current return wire, nonshield cable with low inductance return wire, and motor drive control system using that cable |
CN201327733Y (en) * | 2008-12-19 | 2009-10-14 | 常熟泓淋电线电缆有限公司 | High-speed parallel symmetrical data cable |
JP5351642B2 (en) * | 2009-02-27 | 2013-11-27 | 日立電線株式会社 | cable |
-
2011
- 2011-04-14 DE DE202011005273U patent/DE202011005273U1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2012
- 2012-03-05 WO PCT/EP2012/000981 patent/WO2012139685A1/en active Application Filing
- 2012-03-05 JP JP2014504188A patent/JP5865481B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2012-03-05 CA CA2825672A patent/CA2825672A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2012-03-05 KR KR1020137029097A patent/KR20140027209A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2012-03-05 US US14/007,541 patent/US9257215B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2012-03-05 CN CN201280018484.1A patent/CN103534764B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2012-03-05 EP EP20120707984 patent/EP2697804B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2012-04-09 TW TW101206381U patent/TWM438689U/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2014
- 2014-06-09 HK HK14105397.2A patent/HK1192055A1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP3595099A1 (en) | 2018-07-13 | 2020-01-15 | Rosenberger Hochfrequenztechnik GmbH & Co. KG | Conductor crosser |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE202011005273U1 (en) | 2011-08-23 |
CN103534764A (en) | 2014-01-22 |
US20140014393A1 (en) | 2014-01-16 |
TWM438689U (en) | 2012-10-01 |
EP2697804A1 (en) | 2014-02-19 |
CN103534764B (en) | 2016-03-30 |
JP2014515162A (en) | 2014-06-26 |
CA2825672A1 (en) | 2012-10-18 |
US9257215B2 (en) | 2016-02-09 |
JP5865481B2 (en) | 2016-02-17 |
HK1192055A1 (en) | 2014-08-08 |
KR20140027209A (en) | 2014-03-06 |
WO2012139685A1 (en) | 2012-10-18 |
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