EP2697554A1 - Réservoir pour liquides froids ou cryogènes - Google Patents

Réservoir pour liquides froids ou cryogènes

Info

Publication number
EP2697554A1
EP2697554A1 EP11720028.7A EP11720028A EP2697554A1 EP 2697554 A1 EP2697554 A1 EP 2697554A1 EP 11720028 A EP11720028 A EP 11720028A EP 2697554 A1 EP2697554 A1 EP 2697554A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tank
gas
space
pipe
barrier
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP11720028.7A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2697554B1 (fr
Inventor
Reinhard Schollenberg
Mathias UNGAR
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nordic Yards Wismar GmbH
Original Assignee
Nordic Yards Wismar GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nordic Yards Wismar GmbH filed Critical Nordic Yards Wismar GmbH
Publication of EP2697554A1 publication Critical patent/EP2697554A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2697554B1 publication Critical patent/EP2697554B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/12—Arrangements or mounting of devices for preventing or minimising the effect of explosion ; Other safety measures
    • F17C13/126—Arrangements or mounting of devices for preventing or minimising the effect of explosion ; Other safety measures for large storage containers for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0147—Shape complex
    • F17C2201/0157—Polygonal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/052—Size large (>1000 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0375—Thermal insulations by gas
    • F17C2203/0379—Inert
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
    • F17C2203/0626—Multiple walls
    • F17C2203/0629—Two walls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0636—Metals
    • F17C2203/0646—Aluminium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0103—Exterior arrangements
    • F17C2205/0111—Boxes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0153—Details of mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0176—Details of mounting arrangements with ventilation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/035—Propane butane, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0337—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling
    • F17C2227/0341—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling using another fluid
    • F17C2227/0355—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling using another fluid in a closed loop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0367—Localisation of heat exchange
    • F17C2227/0369—Localisation of heat exchange in or on a vessel
    • F17C2227/0376—Localisation of heat exchange in or on a vessel in wall contact
    • F17C2227/0381—Localisation of heat exchange in or on a vessel in wall contact integrated in the wall
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/043—Pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/0447—Composition; Humidity
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0486—Indicating or measuring characterised by the location
    • F17C2250/0491—Parameters measured at or inside the vessel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/03—Dealing with losses
    • F17C2260/031—Dealing with losses due to heat transfer
    • F17C2260/033—Dealing with losses due to heat transfer by enhancing insulation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/04—Reducing risks and environmental impact
    • F17C2260/042—Reducing risk of explosion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/0105—Ships
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/0118—Offshore
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0134—Applications for fluid transport or storage placed above the ground

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a tank for cold or cryogenic liquids.
  • the tank according to the invention is preferably used for the transport and / or storage of cold or cryogenic liquids on board ships or other floating units or on offshore structures or on land.
  • Cryogenic liquids are characterized by low boiling points. They are therefore transported or stored at very low temperatures. These are in particular liquefied natural gas, methane, propane, butane or other cryogenic liquids.
  • liquefied methane LNG
  • Transportg. Storage temperature about minus 164 ° C.
  • liquid gas tankers with membrane tanks, in which the membranes of the tank are held as not self-supporting structures in the hull. Furthermore, liquefied gas tankers are known with self-supporting tanks. It is also known to produce the tanks for weight saving of aluminum.
  • WO 2006/00171 1 A2 describes a tank for storing liquids, in particular at very low temperatures, which has outer plates which form at least part of the roof, the side walls and the bottom.
  • the tank has an internal cell structure with fluid connections between the cells of the cell structures.
  • At least part of the outer panels have a layered sandwich structure. This has an inner barrier and an outer barrier between which stiffening structures can be arranged.
  • the outer plates may also be provided with stiffening elements that protrude into the tank. Due to the sandwich structure, the outer plates are structural elements of the self-supporting tank, make the tank gas and
  • CONFIRMATION COPY liquid-tight and can serve for thermal insulation of the tank.
  • Another advantage of the sandwich structure is that the possibility of arranging a gas detection between the two layers of the sandwich structure is given.
  • WO 2008/103053 A1 describes a self-supporting double-shell tank with inner and outer walls and inner horizontal supports.
  • the tank walls consist of horizontal profile beam sections with two parallel flanges, which are connected by a web.
  • the profile carrier sections are mounted one above the other and welded together on the adjacent longitudinal sides of their flanges. At the ends they are connected by connecting pieces.
  • the profile carrier sections carry ribs projecting from the inner wall. On the ribs are welded plate plates, on which supports are fixed, which extend inside the tank.
  • This tank also has an inner and an outer liquid barrier. Means for detecting leaks of the inner and outer barriers are not described.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a tank for cold or cryogenic liquids which facilitates the detection of leaks, reduces heat losses and makes it possible to eliminate leaks.
  • the object is achieved by a tank having the features of claim 1.
  • Advantageous embodiments of the tank are specified in subclaims.
  • the tank according to the invention for cold or cryogenic liquids has
  • a light-metal double-walled casing which encloses a tank space with a tank bottom wall, tank side walls and a tank top wall,
  • the tank double shell has an inner barrier, an outer barrier located at a distance from the inner barrier, and the inner structures interconnecting with the outer barrier,
  • At least one inert gas feed pipe located outside the tank double shell, communicating with the distribution pipe through the outer barrier,
  • a source of inert gas connected to the feed pipe outside the tank shell,
  • the tank according to the invention is a double-shell tank.
  • the tank double shell of the tank forms a tank bottom wall, tank side walls (also called “tank bulkheads") and a tank top wall.
  • the tank bottom wall, the tank side walls and the tank top wall define a tank space, which serves to accommodate cold or cryogenic liquids. preferably of aluminum or of an aluminum alloy.
  • the tank double shell has an inner barrier and an outer barrier. Both barriers are liquid and gas tight.
  • the inner and outer barriers are spaced apart such that there is a gap between the barriers.
  • the inner and outer barriers are interconnected by structures. These structures are preferably webs or ribs or other suitable components. These may in particular be profile webs of profile carriers, from which the inner and / or the outer barrier are formed.
  • Embodiments of self-supporting tanks with tank double sheaths which can be configured as a tank according to the invention, are described in WO 2006/00171 1 A2 (exemplary embodiments of FIGS. 5 and 8), WO 2008/103053 A1 (all exemplary embodiments) and in the international patent application PCT / EP 2010/006954 (exemplary embodiment of FIG. 16).
  • the relevant embodiments of the aforementioned patent applications are incorporated by reference into the present application.
  • the tank according to the invention has a distribution pipe in the tank bottom wall with gas throughflow holes for distributing an inert gas. Furthermore, at least one inert gas feed pipe is arranged outside the tank double shell and communicates with the distribution pipe through the outer barrier. The feed pipe is communicatively connected to the distribution pipe either via a connecting pipe or over a short area of the space.
  • the Gas josströmlöcher may be circular, oval or oblong or slit-shaped.
  • the tank includes a source of inert gas.
  • the inert gas is preferably nitrogen. This can also be carbon dioxide, argon or another noble gas or other suitable inert gases.
  • a source of nitrogen may in particular be a nitrogen production plant or a nitrogen storage. Nitrogen production plants or a sufficient nitrogen storage are anyway required on board liquid tankers for the inerting of the cargo space etc.
  • the distribution tube distributes the inert gas evenly across the gap of the tank bottom wall of the tank. From the edges of the tank bottom wall, the inert gas rises evenly in the tank side walls and is distributed evenly in the tank top wall from the upper fins of the tank side walls.
  • the gas outlet is preferably arranged at the highest point of the tank top wall or the tank dome.
  • the gas outlet is a gas sampling nozzle, which is connected through the outer barrier of the tank top wall or the tank dome through with the space between the tank double shell.
  • gas flowed into the intermediate space can be removed from the intermediate space. If the inner barrier of the tank shell is leaking, liquid or gas escapes from the tank space into the space and partially evaporates immediately.
  • the rising or through the gas flow entrained gaseous natural gas, preferably methane can be detected even in very small concentrations by the permanent or cyclic control at the gas outlet or in the subsequent pipe system.
  • the means for gas detection are arranged, for example in the Inertgasniklauf between gas sampling nozzle and possible compression or cooling of the inert gas until re-injection into the bottom of the tank, but preferably in the immediate vicinity of the gas outlet or at the gas sampling.
  • the means for gas detection may in particular be a gas sensor for detection act gaseous substances.
  • the gas sensor may in particular be a gas sensor for detecting methane or other combustible gases.
  • Gases released from the tank space generally have a lower density than the inert gas.
  • methane has a density of 0.72 kg / m 3 and nitrogen has a density of 1.25 kg / m 3 .
  • gas accumulates from the tank space under the tank top wall or the gas outlet.
  • the increased concentration of the escaped gas under the tank top wall facilitates its detection at the gas outlet or behind the gas outlet from the intermediate space. It does not matter where the leak is located, as the released gas always accumulates below the tank top wall.
  • a further advantage of the tank is in the event of danger that liquid can be removed from the intermediate space in the tank bottom area via the feed pipe, which has reached the intermediate space of the tank double shell through a leak occurring in the inner barrier.
  • the liquid can pass through the gas flow holes in the distribution pipe and from there into the feed pipe when the distribution pipe is connected to the feed pipe.
  • the liquid can pass through a gap between the distribution pipe and the feed pipe or between the distribution pipe and a connecting pipe to the feed pipe in the feed pipe. For example, if by means of the means for gas detection, the escape of a gas from the Tank space is detected, leaked in this way liquid can be pumped out of the tank space from the intermediate space.
  • the tank double shell can be preferably designed so that it meets the minimum strength requirements and the claims from the determined loads, without the required dimensions of an emergency pump for pumping to have to react by liquid from the gap.
  • the feed pipe can be designed so that a pump can be connected with little effort or it can accommodate at least one pump as a pump sump.
  • the feed pipe is connected to a source which supplies a stream of an inert gas.
  • This may be a continuous or a temporarily interrupted stream of an inert gas.
  • This embodiment has the advantage that gases released from the tank space can be detected in particularly low concentrations and thus leakage can be detected very quickly.
  • Another advantage is that the double-walled tank is cooled by the flow of an inert gas.
  • cold or cryogenic inert gas is fed into the intermediate space. By feeding the cold or cryogenic inert gas, the tank double shell is cooled from the inside and the heat flowing in from outside is removed from the gas extraction connection with the inert gas flow.
  • the temperature of the inert gas is preferably adapted to the boiling point of the liquids stored in the tank space. Best for reducing a heat input into the tank room is when the temperature of the inert gas is lower than the boiling point of the liquid. This is possible, for example, when nitrogen is used as an inert gas in a liquefied natural gas tank. So that the escape of gas from the tank space can be better detected, the temperature of the inert gas can also be selected slightly higher than the boiling point of the liquid.
  • the tank according to the invention may be designed such that only the inner barrier forms a permanent tank shell which permanently withstands the stresses caused by cryogenic liquids.
  • the outer barrier then serves only to limit the gap to the outside. If necessary.
  • the outer barrier may serve to retain the liquid leaked from the tank space for a limited time and to protect the environment from the cold or cryogenic liquids for a predetermined period of time in accordance with the regulations.
  • An embodiment of such a self-supporting tank is described in the international patent application PCT / EP 2010/006954 with reference to FIG. 16. The description thereof is incorporated by reference into the present patent application.
  • the inner and outer barriers are permanent tank envelopes.
  • the leaked from the tank space liquid is permanently retained in the tank double shell.
  • double-hulled tanks are relatively expensive. Exemplary embodiments of such tanks are described in WO 2006/00171 1 A2 and in WO 2008/103053 A1. The related statements in the two patent publications are incorporated by reference into the present application.
  • At least one distribution pipe extends in the main expansion direction of the tank. This will result in a uniform distribution of the inert gas in the main expansion direction of the tank.
  • the distribution tube is rectilinear.
  • the distribution pipe is arranged on a central axis of the tank. As a result, a uniform distribution of the inert gas over the tank width is achieved.
  • the distribution pipe extends from a tank side wall of the tank to an opposite tank side wall of the tank and may be connected at its two ends to further distribution pipes each extending below the lower edges of the respective tank side walls and provided with further gas flow holes for inert gas to feed into the space between the inner and outer barriers of the respective tank side walls.
  • This improves the distribution of the inert gas over the tank sidewalls.
  • aligned distribution pipes with corresponding openings, without firm connection with each other perform the same purpose and have the advantage of free shrinkage.
  • the structures interconnecting the inner and outer barriers have holes that allow distribution of the inert gas through the structures.
  • the structures are preferably webs or ribs which would otherwise inhibit flow of the inert gas between different regions of the tank double shell.
  • the feed pipe is communicatively connected to the distribution pipe through the outer barrier of a tank side wall.
  • the feed pipe is in the vicinity of the tank bottom through the outer barrier of the side wall passed to make a short connection to the distribution pipe.
  • a pipe opening of the distribution pipe is arranged at a short distance in front of a feed opening of the outer barrier, into which the feed pipe opens.
  • the inert gas can flow from the feed opening into the pipe opening of the distribution pipe arranged just in front of it. Partly, the inert gas can pass directly through a gap between the Einspeiseöffhung and the pipe opening in the space between the tank bottom. As a result, the distribution of the inert gas in the tank bottom wall is further uniformed. Furthermore, this improves the possibility of extracting liquid from the tank bottom wall through the feed pipe, since the feed pipe is connected directly to the intermediate space in the tank bottom via the feed opening.
  • the distance between the feed opening and the pipe opening compensates for different thermal expansions of distribution pipe and tank bottom wall. A strong connection between feed pipe and feed pipe and distribution pipe could be damaged due to thermal expansion.
  • the pipe opening is arranged on an end region of the distribution pipe which widens toward the pipe end. As a result, the inflow of inert gas is conveyed into the pipe opening.
  • both ends of the distribution pipe are associated with feed pipes.
  • the gas sampling nozzle is arranged at the highest point of the tank top wall or the tank domes. Gases escaping from the tank space preferably collect at this point, so that the detection of leaked gases is improved by this measure.
  • At least one feed pipe is formed as a pump sump for the insertion of a pump for pumping liquid in the space between the tank shell.
  • the pump is according to another embodiment, a Restlenzpumpe or an emergency pump.
  • the residual oil pump / emergency pump is inserted into the feed pipe and sealed at the periphery in the feed pipe.
  • the feed tube has a vertical orientation.
  • the tank has means for detecting the pressure in the intermediate space of the tank envelope and / or means for detecting the ambient pressure around the tank and / or means for detecting the pressure in the tank space and means for evaluating the detected pressures in the intermediate space and / or in around the tank and / or in the tank room.
  • the tank In the space between the tank double hull there is a slight overpressure compared to the ambient pressure around the tank (eg in the hold of a ship), when the outer barrier is tight.
  • the permanent or repeated monitoring of the pressure in the space between the tank double shell can be determined whether gas escapes from the gap to the outside, so that the outer barrier has a leak; If the environment of the tank is not under atmospheric pressure, for example because the pressure is placed in a closed hold of a ship in which an inert gas is fed in at a slight overpressure, it is also preferable to determine the pressure in the environment and with the pressure in the atmosphere Gap compared. With the means for pressure monitoring for the tank space and for the tank room itself can also be determined whether the two pressures differ or match. When the inner barrier is tight, the pressure in the tank space is greater than the pressure in the gap. If the inner barrier is damaged, such as with larger cracks, the pressures in the tank space and in the gap match.
  • the means for evaluating may output the result, for example by outputting an audible and / or visual signal, so that the operating personnel can take appropriate security measures.
  • the tank is arranged on a floating unit.
  • the tank is arranged on a ship.
  • the tank can also be arranged on an offshore structure or on land.
  • FIG. 1 shows a first tank according to the invention in longitudinal section
  • Fig. 2 the same tank in cross section
  • Fig. 3 distribution tubes for inert gas in the space of a tank bottom at the same tank;
  • FIG. 6 shows the lower region of a second tank according to the invention in an enlarged detail view
  • 7 shows the lower region of the same tank with inserted Restlenzpumpe or emergency pump in an enlarged detail view.
  • Fig. 8 freely cut web plates of the tank double shell of the same tank in an enlarged detail view
  • FIG. 9 shows the tank bottom of both exemplary embodiments in a section along the lines A-A of FIGS. 5 and 6; FIG.
  • Fig. 10 is an enlarged detail of Fig. 8;
  • Fig. 1 inert gas guide on one of the aforementioned tanks in a rough-schematic longitudinal section;
  • Fig. 12 the use of an emergency pump or Restlenzpumpe when pumping liquid from the space in an enlarged
  • the invention will be explained with reference to two different embodiments of a tank 1, which differ by the structure of the tank double shell.
  • the tank of the first embodiment basically has a structure as described in the embodiments of International Patent Application PCT / EP 2010/006954.
  • the tank of the second embodiment basically has a structure as described in WO 2006/00171 1 A2 or WO 2008/103053 AI.
  • the consistent or substantially coincident features of the various tanks will be discussed in part below with reference to drawings relating to various embodiments. They are designated by the same reference numerals.
  • a tank 1 according to the invention has a tank bottom wall 1.1, tank side walls 1.2 to 1.5 and a tank top wall 1.6.
  • the tank bottom wall 1.1 and the tank top wall 1.6 are aligned horizontally and the tank side walls 1.2 to 1.5 basically vertical.
  • the longitudinal tank side walls 1.2 and 1.3 have at the top and bottom of each obliquely extending portion 1.2.1, 1.2.2 and 1.3.1, 1.3.2.
  • the tank cross-section is adapted to the fuselage cross section of a liquefied gas tanker.
  • the tank bottom wall 1.1, tank side walls 1.2 to 1.5 and tank top wall 1.6 enclose a tank space 1.7.
  • a tank dome 5.1 At the top of the tank top wall 1.6 sits a tank dome 5.1, through which liquid can be fed into the tank space 1.7 and removed therefrom.
  • the tank dome 5.1 is closed at the top by a dome plate 5.
  • the tank 1 is formed from panels which consist of parallel, butt-welded profile carriers or tank shell profiles.
  • the panels are connected together in the horizontal and vertical tank walls by connecting profiles 30 and at the corners to the inclined portions of the tank by Eckpro file 31st
  • the gap 1 1 between the inner barrier 2 and the outer barrier is not filled with insulating material and not divided into individual closed plots.
  • both barriers 2, 3 are connected by webs or ribs 33 or other components, so that a uniform distance between the two barriers 2, 3 is ensured without hindering the gas passage.
  • Webs or ribs 33 are not welded together, so that an unobstructed gas flow is ensured in the tank double shell.
  • the webs 33 are preferably profile webs of the profile carrier from which the panels are formed.
  • Transverse or longitudinally extending components 30, 31, which could hinder the flow of inert gas from the tank bottom wall 1.1 to the tank top wall 1.6 are cut free in ribs or webs 33 with holes 33, so that a continuous gas flow is ensured.
  • an inert gas distribution pipe 8 provided with a plurality of gas flow holes 10 (see Fig. 3, 9, 10).
  • the distribution pipe 8 extends in the longitudinal direction of the tank 1 on its longitudinal central axis. At the one end of the distribution pipe 8, a feed pipe 6 for inert gas and at the other end of a pump sump formed with a larger cross section feed pipe 7 (see Fig. 1, 6, 7, 9, 10). Preferably, the tank 1 and the feed pipes 6, 7, 8 are surrounded by insulation.
  • the distribution pipe 8 is widened at the ends to a cone, wherein the respective pipe opening 8.1, 8.2 is arranged at a short distance in front of the feed opening 9.
  • a residual oil pump 18 can be inserted into the feed pipe 7.
  • the pressure tube 19 can be connected to a permanently installed on deck line network for liquid cargo.
  • the distribution pipe 8 near its pipe openings 8.1, 8.2 is in each case connected to a further distribution pipe 8.3, 8.4.
  • the further distribution pipes 8.3, 8.4 extend below the lower edges of the tank side walls 1.4, 1.5. They have further Gas josströmlöcher 20.1.
  • reference numerals 10 denote holes in the lands 33 between the inner barrier 2 and the outer barrier 3, which allow passage of gas.
  • the holes 10 are shown in FIG.
  • the path of the inert gas in the intermediate space of the tank bottom wall 1.1 is indicated by arrows 21.
  • the gas flows rise perpendicular to the plane of the drawing.
  • the gap 1 1 of the double tank shell are located on both sides of the tank dome 5.1 gas sampling 4 for the inert gas.
  • Fig. 1 1 shows the path of the inert gas from a cooling device through the gap 1 1 of the tank double shell 2 to the gas sampling nozzle 4.
  • a gas sampling nozzle 4 In the flow direction behind the gas sampling nozzle 4 means for detecting a gas 22 are arranged.
  • the escaping inert gas is removed by a cold generator 17 in a technical process - e.g. By means of high-pressure compression - cooled to the specified operating temperature.
  • the tanks explained above have in particular the following advantages: By inerting the atmosphere in the intermediate space 1 1 of the tank double shell with an inert gas small leaks in the tank double shell 2 can be determined by evidence from the tank space 1.7 liberated gas in the inert gas even in a standing inert gas atmosphere in a relatively short time.
  • nitrogen is inertized, methane can be detected when natural gas is transported in the event of a leak. Due to the significantly lower density of methane compared to nitrogen, methane accumulates after leakage at the gas sampling port 4 at the highest points of the tank double shell and can be detected.
  • the control of any leaks in the tank double shell 2 can be accelerated by a continuous flow of inert gas.
  • the tightness of the outer barrier 3 or the closed leak trough 3 is tested by a slight overpressure relative to the pressure 15 surrounding the tank.
  • a permanent or repeated monitoring of the pressure in the region between the tank double shell of the leak tank 3 and the outer barrier 3 is signaled at a pressure drop that gas escapes from the intermediate region 1 1 in a tank 1 surrounding the cargo area 12 of the ship and the outer barrier 3 leaks (Fig. 5).
  • the pressure 16 in the cargo space 12 is namely smaller than the pressure 15 in the space 1 1 between the inner barrier 2 and the outer barrier 3.
  • the pressure in the space 1 1 is again lower than the pressure 14 in the tank space 12. If the pressure in the gap 15 corresponds to the pressure in the tank space 1.7, the inner barrier 2 has a leakage.
  • a liquid accumulating in the tank bottom can stop the flow of inert gas (Fig. 5).
  • the distance between the inner barrier 2 and the outer barrier 3 is kept as low as possible.
  • no desidual pump 18 can be connected, which is able to pump off liquids from the intermediate layer 11. Possibly. can be ensured by trimming the ship that the space 1 1 is almost completely emptied.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Abstract

Réservoir pour liquides froids ou cryogènes comprenant une double enveloppe de réservoir en métal léger qui, avec un fond de réservoir, des parois latérales de réservoir et un couvercle de réservoir, définit un compartiment de réservoir, la double enveloppe de réservoir comportant une barrière interne, une barrière externe espacée de la barrière interne et des structures reliant la barrière interne et la barrière externe, au moins un tube de répartition disposé dans l'espace intermédiaire entre la barrière interne et la barrière externe du fond du réservoir, ce tube de répartition étant doté de trous de passage de gaz pour la répartition d'un gaz inerte dans l'espace intermédiaire, au moins un tube d'alimentation en gaz inerte disposé à l'extérieur de la double enveloppe du réservoir, ce tube d'alimentation étant relié au tube de répartition de manière communicante à travers la barrière externe, une source de gaz inerte reliée au tube d'alimentation à l'extérieur de l'enveloppe du réservoir, une sortie de gaz de l'espace intermédiaire dans la barrière externe du couvercle de réservoir et des moyens de détection de gaz dans la zone de la sortie de gaz.
EP11720028.7A 2011-04-14 2011-04-14 Réservoir pour liquides froids ou cryogènes Not-in-force EP2697554B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2011/001902 WO2012139600A1 (fr) 2011-04-14 2011-04-14 Réservoir pour liquides froids ou cryogènes

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2697554A1 true EP2697554A1 (fr) 2014-02-19
EP2697554B1 EP2697554B1 (fr) 2015-07-01

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EP (1) EP2697554B1 (fr)
RU (1) RU2564484C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2012139600A1 (fr)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3016413B1 (fr) * 2014-01-15 2018-06-15 Arianegroup Sas Systeme de protection thermique pour un reservoir cryogenique d'engin spatial
FR3041061B1 (fr) * 2015-09-15 2019-05-10 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Reservoir de stockage de fluide liquefie
FR3077115B1 (fr) * 2018-01-23 2021-02-12 Gaztransport Et Technigaz Cuve etanche et thermiquement isolante.
RU188011U1 (ru) * 2018-08-29 2019-03-26 Публичное акционерное общество криогенного машиностроения (ПАО "Криогенмаш") Кожух криогенной воздухоразделительной установки
CN115452268B (zh) * 2022-08-31 2024-07-16 沪东中华造船(集团)有限公司 一种lng船可燃气体探测系统隔离阀箱及其气密性检测方法

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JPS5021314A (fr) * 1973-06-27 1975-03-06
US4404843A (en) * 1981-07-20 1983-09-20 Marathon Oil Company Cryogenic storage tank leak detection system
JPH0440334A (ja) * 1990-06-05 1992-02-10 Nkk Corp Ｌｎｇタンクの欠陥検知方法
DE4342210C2 (de) * 1993-12-10 1996-08-14 Daimler Benz Aerospace Ag Temperaturschichtungsfreie Speicherung kryogener Flüssigkeiten
JP2000039098A (ja) * 1998-07-22 2000-02-08 Ito Koki Kk バルク容器用気化装置
NO20042702D0 (no) 2004-06-25 2004-06-25 Det Norske Veritas As Cellular tanks for storage of fluids at tow temperatures, and cell structure for use in a tank
NO330085B1 (no) 2007-02-20 2011-02-14 Aker Engineering & Technology En tankkonstruksjon for lagring og transport av fluider
FR2942199A1 (fr) * 2009-02-16 2010-08-20 Damien Feger Unite de stockage et de purification d'argon embarquee sur navires methaniers

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Title
See references of WO2012139600A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
RU2564484C2 (ru) 2015-10-10
EP2697554B1 (fr) 2015-07-01
RU2013149349A (ru) 2015-05-20
WO2012139600A1 (fr) 2012-10-18

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