EP2695713B1 - Method for water jet surface treatment of stony material elements - Google Patents

Method for water jet surface treatment of stony material elements Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2695713B1
EP2695713B1 EP13003656.9A EP13003656A EP2695713B1 EP 2695713 B1 EP2695713 B1 EP 2695713B1 EP 13003656 A EP13003656 A EP 13003656A EP 2695713 B1 EP2695713 B1 EP 2695713B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
nozzles
jets
worked
products
feeding
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP13003656.9A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2695713A1 (en
Inventor
Claudio Lovato
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MAEMA Srl
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MAEMA Srl
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Priority to PL13003656T priority Critical patent/PL2695713T3/pl
Publication of EP2695713A1 publication Critical patent/EP2695713A1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28D—WORKING STONE OR STONE-LIKE MATERIALS
    • B28D1/00—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor

Definitions

  • the present invention generally finds application in the field of stone working and particularly relates to a method for surface working of items made of marble, granite, cementitious agglomerates and other stone materials using water jets.
  • Methods are known for surface working of semi-finished products made of stone materials or the like, such as slabs, blocks and the like, using one or more high-pressure and high-speed liquid jets directed toward the surface of the products.
  • the high-pressure and high-speed jets operate by mechanical material surface removal, to provide technical and/or aesthetic effects, such as abrasion, scratching, roughening, scraping, marking or surface alterations according to particular designs and shapes.
  • plants having a multi-jet head located above the surface of the product to be worked which is moved in a plane substantially parallel to the surface of the product being worked.
  • the liquid of the jets is generally mixed with suitable abrasives, preferably in powder form, which are propelled at high speed against the surface to be worked.
  • the removal action is mainly caused by the abrasive material that is mixed with the working liquid, which allows water feeding pressures to remain at relatively low levels, also due to the additional abrasive action of the mechanical parts of the pumps.
  • abrasive materials involves a variety of problems, mainly associated with the management of the abrasive material, that has to be stored and recovered after use.
  • the particles of abrasive material should be prevented from dispersing in the environment, as this might constitute a serious hazard for the operators that control the apparatus.
  • the abrasive material has a deteriorating effect on the parts of the plant contacted thereby, particularly with the mixture feeding line, and with the jet emitting nozzles.
  • US 5,291,694 discloses a method according to the preamble of claim 1 comprising the step of providing an apparatus for surface working of slabs of stone materials, comprising one or more multi-jet guns, each designed to emit a plurality of high-pressure water jets to be directed to the surface to be worked.
  • the jet emitting pressure ranging from 200 bar to 800 bar is inadequate to obtain a surface working effect with satisfactory precision and definition. Indeed, this prior art apparatus is mainly used for finishing of pre-processed surfaces.
  • a further drawback is that a single rotational and translational motion is imparted to the nozzles, which causes repetitive and schematic reproduction of the working patterns, thereby affecting the aesthetic value of the final product.
  • European Patent EP1045742 discloses a further machine for fluid-jet surface working of stone products using only water.
  • one or more water jets are emitted toward the surface to be worked at an emission pressure ranging from 300 bar to 1500 bar. Nevertheless, this solution also proved to be inadequate, as these water jet pressures affect jet effectiveness and do not provide the desired surface effects.
  • nozzles are displaced relative to the surface to be worked with repetitive movements that create identical patterns typical of industrial processing, with no random variation that would be characteristic of handmade products.
  • the main object of this invention is to obviate the above drawbacks, by providing a method for water jet surface working of products made of stone or the like that is highly efficient and relatively cost-effective.
  • a particular object is to provide a method for surface working of products made of stone materials that provides particularly distinct surface effects, reproducing the effects of manual processing, only using water jets with no abrasive material therein.
  • Yet another object is to provide a method for surface working of products made of stone materials, that can create any decorative pattern, possibly of figurative type, or even texts, barcodes, QR codes, or the like, without particular limitation, and with a single jet tool driving cycle.
  • a further object is to provide a method for surface working of products made of stone materials, that affords high operational flexibility, with the possibility of changing the surface texture even while the head is moving.
  • a method for surface working of semi-finished products such as slabs made of a stone material or the like, using liquid jets, which comprises the steps of providing a moving or stationary support base for the products to be worked, providing a plurality of nozzles for generating jets oriented toward such products for creating cuts on the product being worked, forwardly moving the products relative to the nozzles in a longitudinal direction.
  • the method is characterized in that the nozzles are disposed in mutually offset positions in a transverse direction with a predetermined pitch, and in that the projection of such pitch is continuously adjusted, during operation, on a vertical plane substantially parallel to the transverse direction,, to change the transverse distance between the longitudinal cuts made by the jets.
  • the feeding pressure will be above 1500 bar to obtain an evident surface cutting effect.
  • the nozzles may have an outlet with a maximum diameter ranging from 0.20 mm to 0.40 mm, preferably of about 0.30 mm.
  • a step may be provided for selective adjustment of the impact pressure of jets on such items being worked.
  • water jets of high strength and high concentration may be directed to the surface, to act like a tool bit, to form particularly sharp cuts.
  • the possibility of adjusting the impact pressure of the individual jets allows the cutting action to be limited or locally omitted to create decorative patterns, texts, codes and the like, at a high definition.
  • a liquid jet plant generally designated by numeral 1
  • a liquid jet plant is described for carrying out the method of the invention and may be used for working items made of a hard material such as stone, marble, granite or stone materials in general, cementitious materials, conglomerates or the like, for surface working thereof.
  • the working process may be aimed at creating deformations on the surface S of an item P, possibly caused by material removal, thereby forming a predetermined pattern or texture, or an image, even a complex image.
  • the item P may be in the form of a slab, a block or have a not necessarily regular three-dimensional shape.
  • the plant 1 comprises a moving or stationary support base 2 for the items P to be worked and a head 3 facing the support base 2 and having a plurality of nozzles 4, 4', 4", ... for generating jets J oriented toward the surface S of the product P to be worked.
  • the support base 2 is stationary and has a substantially horizontal orientation, such that the surface S to be worked may face upwards, the head 3 being movable above the base 2. Nevertheless, the plant 1 can also process inclined surfaces S, or surfaces lying on a support base that is inclined to the horizontal, possibly even vertical.
  • the plant 1 also comprises feed means 5 for feeding the nozzles 4, 4', 4",... with a high-pressure liquid, preferably water with no abrasive material therein, adapted to generate high-pressure jets J to make cuts on the items P being worked.
  • a high-pressure liquid preferably water with no abrasive material therein
  • the head 3 is also associated with first drive means 6 for forward movement thereof in a longitudinal direction X relative to the support base 2, and hence relative to the items P thereon.
  • These first drive means 6 may be designed to longitudinally transfer the head 3 in the longitudinal direction X, like in the illustrated configuration, and/or may be associated with the support base 2, e.g. via a roller bed or a conveyor belt, for longitudinally transferring the item P.
  • the nozzles 4 are mutually offset in a transverse direction Y with a predetermined pitch p.
  • the plant comprises adjustment means 7 associated with the nozzles 4 for continuous adjustment of the projection of their pitch p on a vertical plane ⁇ substantially parallel to the transverse direction Y during operation, to change the transverse distance d between the longitudinal cuts made by the jets J.
  • FIGs. 2 to 5 show three different operating conditions, in which the nozzles 4 are aligned in a direction W coplanar with the transverse direction Y but inclined thereto at three different angles ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ , to change their projection relative to the vertical plane ⁇ .
  • the feed means 5 will be adapted to feed the working liquid at a minimum pressure above 1500 bar, with maximum values that may be continuously regulated without limitation, according to the material to be worked and to the thickness of the item P, particularly when the latter is a slab.
  • the plant 1 comprises a stationary load bearing structure 8 that surrounds the support base 2 and has a pair of substantially longitudinal lateral shoulders 9.
  • the head 3 is supported by a substantially horizontal frame 10, as more clearly shown in Figs. 2 to 7 , which is in turn mounted to a substantially transversely oriented beam 11, having opposite ends 12 that slide on respective longitudinal guides 13 associated with corresponding shoulders 9.
  • the frame 10 supports two additional multi-jet heads 14, 15, disposed at the sides of the first head 3, which heads may be configured as taught in Patent Applications EP1977867 and EP2105275 by the applicant hereof, and have nozzles, generally designated 16 and 17, disposed on respective rotating plates 18 and 19, and connected to the feed means 5 of the first head 3, which allows them to be fed at the above mentioned feeding pressures.
  • the two lateral heads 14, 15 are supported by the frame 10, to be integral with the central head 2, such that they can follow its translational motion.
  • the first drive means 6 may be associated with the ends 12 of the beam 11 and may be of the carriage-driven type, allowing the longitudinal sliding motion of the beam 11.
  • the latter may also have second drive means 20, also possibly of the carriage-driven type, for imparting a longitudinal sliding motion to the frame 10 and hence to the nozzle heads 2, 14 and 15, thereby allowing the working process to be also carried out on surfaces S larger than the maximum transverse dimension of the head 2.
  • second drive means 20 also possibly of the carriage-driven type, for imparting a longitudinal sliding motion to the frame 10 and hence to the nozzle heads 2, 14 and 15, thereby allowing the working process to be also carried out on surfaces S larger than the maximum transverse dimension of the head 2.
  • the plant 2 may further comprise electronic control means, not shown, which are adapted to interpolate the movements imparted by the first drive means 6 and the second drive means 20 and by the adjustment means 7, as well as any other movement as described herein below, to obtain complex motions of the head 2.
  • the central head 2 comprises an elongate body 21 mainly extending in the direction L, with the nozzles 4 being mounted thereto in mutually offset positions and with jets J oriented toward the products being worked.
  • the elongate body 21 is fixed to a support shaft 22, that is pivotally mounted to the horizontal frame 10 to rotate about an axis of rotation R that is substantially perpendicular to the elongate body 21.
  • the feed means 5 may comprise a feed line 23 which is disposed at the periphery of the shaft 22, and is connected to a distribution channel 24 formed in the head 3 and connected to the nozzles 4.
  • the adjustment means 7 may act on the rotating shaft 22 to promote its rotation about the axis of rotation R, which will change the projection of the pitch p and the relative distance d between cuts. Furthermore, they may be designed to also allow the shaft 22 to rotate by 360°, as schematically shown in Fig. 14 .
  • the rotation of the shaft 22 during processing may be either continuous or discrete, such that corrugated, helical or other complex cuts may be formed without stopping the plant 1.
  • the angular orientation of the head 2 with respect to the transverse direction Y may be also obtained in a non-dynamic manner, i.e. by inclining the elongate body 2 relative to the transverse direction Y at an angle that is kept constant during processing.
  • the nozzles 4 are mounted to the head 3 via respective sections 25 that are movable relative to the elongate body 21 along its main extension axis L.
  • the adjustment means 7 comprise third drive means 26 which act on the sections 25 to change their mutual distance along the extension axis L, thereby adjusting the projection of the nozzles 4 on the vertical transverse plane ⁇ and hence the transverse distance d between cuts.
  • the third drive means 26 in turn comprise interface means 27 for selectively actuating each section 25 relative to the others and changing the relative distance between at least one pair of nozzles 4.
  • the interface means 27 may be of mechanical type, i.e. a rack, or of electromechanical or electronic type or the like, without limitation.
  • the adjustment means 7 may comprise fourth drive means 28 for imparting an inclination ⁇ to the axis of rotation R relative to the vertical, to change the distance of the nozzles from the support base 2.
  • the fourth drive means 28 may be associated directly with the head or with the rotating shaft 22 or the frame 10.
  • the nozzles 4 of the central head 3 may have an outlet 29 with a maximum diameter ⁇ preferably ranging from 0,15mm to 0,60 mm and more preferably from 0,20 mm to 0,40 mm, e.g. of about 0,30 mm, to obtain jets J of small sizes.
  • the outlets 29 may be of any shape, e.g. of circular, elliptical, square, rectangular, polygonal or the like shape, without limitation, to obtain cuts of various shapes.
  • pressure regulator means 30 may be provided, for selective adjustment of the impact pressure of jets J on the items P being worked.
  • the pressure regulator means 30 are conveniently associated with electronic control means, not shown, for selective interaction of the pressure regulator means 30 with the nozzles 4, such that the intensity of the individual jets J may be adjusted independently of one another.
  • the pressure regulator means 30 comprise deflector members 31 located downstream from each nozzle 4 to intercept the jet J and change the impact force on the surface S to be worked.
  • the deflector members 31 may be of mechanical or electromechanical type and comprise a plate 32, which is designed to move between an inoperative position, external to the relevant jet J and an operative position in which the plate 32 at least partially faces the outlet 29 of the corresponding nozzle 4, to at least partially intercept its jet J and reduce or substantially eliminate its impact pressure.
  • the deflector members may be of the compressed-air type, with respective nozzles arranged at the water jet nozzles 4, to blow a high-speed air flow to the jets J for deflecting them, such that they will not impact the surface S or will impact it at a reduced pressure that will not cause scratching thereof.
  • the pressure regulator means 30 may be associated with the feed means 5 and comprise a plurality of electronically controlled valves operatively connected to each nozzle 4 for selective adjustment of their feeding pressure.
  • the feed means 5 may be adapted to impart an electric charge of predetermined polarity to the water to be fed to the nozzles 4, and the pressure regulator means 30 may be in turn adapted to generate an electric or electromagnetic field at the nozzles 4, for deflecting the electrically charged jet J.
  • the feed means 5 may be designed to charge the water to be fed to the nozzles 4 with a polarizing substance, such as an appropriately charged salt, which is adapted to interact with the downstream generated field to create a repulsive electric or electromagnetic force.
  • a polarizing substance such as an appropriately charged salt
  • the feed means 5 may be designed to draw the abrasive-free water of the emitted jets J and recirculate it for reuse and convey it, possibly after filtration, to the nozzles 4, thereby defining a closed loop.
  • the pressure regulator means 30 may comprise fifth drive means, not shown, for selectively rotating the elongate body 21 about its main extension axis L and/or one or more of the nozzles 4, as schematically shown in Fig. 18 , thereby allowing the jets J to be inclined to the vertical.
  • jets J may be inclined to operate in the same direction as the longitudinal transfer direction X of the head 3, or in a direction opposite thereto, thereby further increasing the operation of the plant 1.
  • drive means may include mechanical, electromechanical, hydraulic, oil-hydraulic, pneumatic, manual or automated actuators or the like, possibly controllable in an independent manner, and with procedures that are typical for this type of plants, and known to those skilled in the art, that will not have to be described herein in further detail.
  • the method basically comprises a step a) of providing a moving or stationary support base for the items to be worked, a step b) of providing a plurality of nozzles for generating jets oriented toward the items to be worked, a step c) of feeding the nozzles with a high-pressure liquid adapted to create cuts on the items being worked, a step d) of forwardly moving the items relative to the head in the longitudinal direction, a step e) in which the relative positions of the nozzles are staggered in a transverse direction with a predetermined pitch, and the projection of their pitch is continuously adjusted on a vertical plane substantially parallel to a transverse direction, to change the transverse distance between the longitudinal cuts made by the jets.
  • the step c) of feeding the jets comprises feeding only water, without using abrasives, at a feeding pressure above 1500 bar.
  • the method may also comprise one or more additional steps of controlled displacement of the jets in one or more directions of translation and/or rotation, and a step of selective regulation of the impact pressure of jets, for carrying out all the operations as described above for the plant.
  • the step e) of adjusting the pitch p of the nozzles 4 may comprise a step f) of joined rotation of the nozzles 4 about an axis of rotation R substantially orthogonal to the support base 2.
  • the pitch p may be adjusted by mutually transferring the nozzles 4 parallel to the transverse direction Y, possibly but not necessarily combining the above mentioned joined rotation about the axis R.
  • a step g) may be provided of selectively regulating the impact pressure of the jets J on the items P being worked, said step being carried out by deflecting the individual jets J such that they do not impact the surface S being worked or impact it with not enough energy to deform the material and/or by selectively stopping water feeding to the individual nozzles 4.
  • a step h) may be provided of inclining the jets J relative to the vertical to selectively change their distance from the support base 2.
  • a step i) may be provided for recovering the feeding water of the emitted jets to recirculate and reuse it for feeding the nozzles 4, possibly after filtration, thereby creating a closed loop.
  • the method of the invention fulfills the intended objects and particularly meet the requirement of allowing the formation of a multiplicity of well-defined decorative patterns on the surface of the item, which patterns may be of either abstract or figurative type, or possibly consist of text, barcodes, QR codes or the like.
EP13003656.9A 2012-08-09 2013-07-22 Method for water jet surface treatment of stony material elements Active EP2695713B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL13003656T PL2695713T3 (pl) 2012-08-09 2013-07-22 Sposób obróbki powierzchniowej strumieniem wody elementów wykonanych z materiałów kamiennych

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT000208A ITVI20120208A1 (it) 2012-08-09 2012-08-09 Metodo ed impianto per la lavorazione superficiale a getto d'acqua di oggetti in materiale lapideo

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2695713A1 EP2695713A1 (en) 2014-02-12
EP2695713B1 true EP2695713B1 (en) 2016-11-02

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP13003656.9A Active EP2695713B1 (en) 2012-08-09 2013-07-22 Method for water jet surface treatment of stony material elements

Country Status (6)

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EP (1) EP2695713B1 (pt)
DK (1) DK2695713T3 (pt)
ES (1) ES2612681T3 (pt)
IT (1) ITVI20120208A1 (pt)
PL (1) PL2695713T3 (pt)
PT (1) PT2695713T (pt)

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP3073261B2 (ja) * 1991-06-03 2000-08-07 株式会社ジェイエスイー 石材表面の加工処理方法とその装置
IT1298026B1 (it) 1997-12-18 1999-12-20 Apuania Corsi S R L Metodo ed impianto per la lavorazione superficiale abrasiva di materiali lapidei in particolare di lastra di pietra.
ITVI20070079A1 (it) * 2007-03-19 2008-09-20 Maema S R L Utensile a getto e testa portautensili per la lavorazione superficiale di lastre e blocchi in materiali lapidei, cementizi o similari.
ITVI20080072A1 (it) 2008-03-28 2009-09-29 Maema S R L Metodo ed apparato multiutensile per la fiammatura superficiale di prodotti in materiale lapideo o similare.
IT1404809B1 (it) * 2011-01-21 2013-11-29 Maema S R L Apparato multiutensile a getto per la lavorazione superficiale di prodotti di materiale duro

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
PL2695713T3 (pl) 2017-06-30
DK2695713T3 (en) 2017-02-13
ES2612681T3 (es) 2017-05-18
EP2695713A1 (en) 2014-02-12
PT2695713T (pt) 2017-02-10
ITVI20120208A1 (it) 2014-02-10

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