EP2694795A1 - Fuel injector - Google Patents

Fuel injector

Info

Publication number
EP2694795A1
EP2694795A1 EP12714655.3A EP12714655A EP2694795A1 EP 2694795 A1 EP2694795 A1 EP 2694795A1 EP 12714655 A EP12714655 A EP 12714655A EP 2694795 A1 EP2694795 A1 EP 2694795A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
force
fuel
nozzle needle
pressure sensor
pressure
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP12714655.3A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2694795B1 (en
Inventor
Nestor Rodriguez-Amaya
Siegfried Ruthardt
Holger Rapp
Wolfgang Stoecklein
Bernd Berghaenel
Marco Beier
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP2694795A1 publication Critical patent/EP2694795A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2694795B1 publication Critical patent/EP2694795B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M57/00—Fuel-injectors combined or associated with other devices
    • F02M57/005—Fuel-injectors combined or associated with other devices the devices being sensors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M47/00—Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure
    • F02M47/02—Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure of accumulator-injector type, i.e. having fuel pressure of accumulator tending to open, and fuel pressure in other chamber tending to close, injection valves and having means for periodically releasing that closing pressure
    • F02M47/027—Electrically actuated valves draining the chamber to release the closing pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/24—Fuel-injection apparatus with sensors
    • F02M2200/244—Force sensors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/24—Fuel-injection apparatus with sensors
    • F02M2200/247—Pressure sensors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fuel injector for a fuel injection system, in particular a common rail injection system, for injecting fuel into the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine having the features of the preamble of claim 1.
  • a generic fuel injector comprises a nozzle needle, which is liftably guided in a high-pressure bore Lifting movement at least one injection port is releasable and closable, and a control valve for controlling the lifting movement of the nozzle needle by a the nozzle needle in the closing direction acting hydraulic pressure is changed in a control room depending on the respective switching position of the control valve.
  • the injected fuel quantity depends on the injection pressure and the opening duration of the nozzle needle. Due to wear, however, the operating behavior of the fuel injector can change over the service life, so that it is necessary to adapt the control parameters.
  • For detecting characteristic pressure changes during opening and closing of the nozzle needle comprises
  • Fuel injector therefore further includes a force or pressure sensor having at least one sensor element made of a piezoelectric material.
  • a device for determining a performance of an injection valve of an injection system of an internal combustion engine which comprises a piezo film sensor which can be used to determine the closing time of the injection valve in the injection valve.
  • the impact of the valve needle on the valve seat is advantageously determined. In this way can be detected be whether a predicted time corresponds to the actual time of the stop of the valve needle on the valve seat. If a deviation is detected, the control parameters of a control device of the injection system can be adjusted accordingly.
  • the striking of the valve needle on the valve seat is preferably detected by an external force acting on the piezo film sensor.
  • the external force causes a deformation and concomitantly a change in the charge density of the piezoelectric material, so that a voltage generated between two electrodes arranged on the piezoelectric material can be tapped off as a signal.
  • the piezo film sensor for signal generation requires no supply voltage and the signals can therefore be tapped directly without charge amplifier, it requires only a ground and a signal line for tapping the signal.
  • the signal is then preferably forwarded to an evaluation unit connected to the piezo film sensor.
  • the force or pressure sensor is arranged in a low pressure region of the fuel injector and at least when closing the Düsenna- del directly or indirectly acted upon by an axial force which is proportional to the hydraulic pressure in the control chamber.
  • the force or pressure sensor is axially or indirectly biased by a biasing member relative to a support plate or a housing part. Due to the arrangement of the force or pressure sensor in the low-pressure region, the load on the sensor is reduced because it does not stand up to the pressure which is high. suspended fuel. With the lower load, the requirements for sealing the sensor arrangement with respect to the fuel-carrying area also decrease.
  • the proposed electrical connection simplifies the production of a ground connection.
  • the ground connection is preferably produced automatically by placing the sensor element on the ground potential, preferably a housing part or a component of the fuel injector connected to a housing part. A targeted contacting and / or the connection to a line is not required. Thus, a wiring through the injector is largely unnecessary. If the sensor element of the force or pressure sensor is not directly on the ground potential serving
  • Housing part of the injector is applied, but at one connected to the housing part further component, this consists of an electrically conductive material.
  • the connection can be made via a contact surface of the sensor element or an electrode formed thereon, wherein the electrode preferably completely covers the contact surface.
  • the electrode may be formed for example in the form of a coating.
  • the electrode then forms the actual contact surface with the ground potential.
  • the contact surface or the electrode serving as a contact surface is formed on an end face of the sensor element facing the nozzle needle in order to avoid cable guides deep into the injector.
  • the additionally proposed axial preload of the force or pressure sensor serves to fix the position of the sensor. In addition, the occurrence of mechanical tensile stresses in the sensor is avoided by the axial preload.
  • control valve is designed as a solenoid valve. Because when current supplied to the solenoid valve during operation of the fuel injector, a voltage applied to the force or pressure sensor, which would lead without axial bias at least briefly to the formation of mechanical tensile stresses in the sensor and thus possibly to a destruction of the sensor.
  • the control valve is as
  • Solenoid valve formed In this way can be a cost-producible fuel! Realize the injector.
  • the biasing element is part of the control valve.
  • the control valve comprises a magnetic core, which is biased axially by means of a pre-5 clamping element.
  • the purpose provided for this biasing element can also serve the axial bias of the force or pressure sensor.
  • the biasing element is supported on the one hand on the magnetic core and on the other hand directly or indirectly on the force or pressure sensor.
  • the control valve comprises a liftable anchor element, which is axially biased by means of a biasing element.
  • the biasing element serves to restore the anchor element after completion of the energization of the solenoid valve.
  • this biasing element can be used for axial prestressing of the force 5 or pressure sensor. Then this biasing element is supported on the one hand on the anchor element and on the other hand directly or indirectly on the force or pressure sensor.
  • the biasing element is designed as a helical compression spring or plate spring.
  • a helical compression spring is used for returning the anchor element, so that this already existing component can be used for axial prestressing of the force or pressure sensor.
  • the biasing element formed as a helical compression spring can also replace a provision of the provision of the anchor element 5 helical compression spring. It therefore only requires a helical compression spring.
  • the space requirements of the biasing element are minimal, so that such a trained biasing element is particularly suitable for the axial bias of the force or pressure sensor and the magnetic core.
  • the diaphragm spring can be arranged space-saving in o a space which serves to receive the magnetic core, and be supported on the one hand on the magnetic core, on the other hand directly or indirectly on the force or pressure sensor. If a diaphragm spring is already provided for the axial prestressing of the magnetic core, this can be used to form the biasing element or by a diaphragm spring adapted to the new requirements5 for axially biasing the force or pressure sensor be replaced. A trained as a helical compression spring or plate spring biasing element can therefore fulfill several functions simultaneously.
  • the force or pressure sensor is acted upon directly or indirectly via an axially displaceable force transmission member of an axial force which is proportional to the hydraulic pressure in the control chamber.
  • the force transmission member may be, for example, an anchor bolt passing through the anchor member.
  • the control chamber or a further pressure chamber communicating with the control chamber in hydraulic connection is delimited by a first end face of the axially displaceable force transmission member, preferably the anchor bolt, while the other end face bears directly or indirectly against the force or pressure sensor.
  • the further pressure chamber which is in hydraulic communication with the control chamber, can be, for example, a valve chamber of the control valve, in which, with the control valve closed, a hydraulic pressure corresponding to the control chamber pressure prevails.
  • the force transmission member or the anchor bolt and the nozzle needle are thus hydraulically coupled via the pressure chambers, so that the lifting movement of the nozzle needle causes a stroke movement of the force transmission member or the anchor bolt. Due to the direct or indirect support of the force transmission member or the anchor bolt on the force or pressure sensor, this is acted upon by an axial force, which in the closed control valve, i. during the entire closing process of the nozzle needle, is proportional to the hydraulic pressure in the control chamber. Since the hydraulic pressure in the control room has a significant minimum at the time of the needle closing, this is also the case of the force
  • Pressure sensor output signal have a significant feature, which thus detects the needle closing timing.
  • a force distribution plate is arranged between the force or pressure sensor and the force transmission member or the anchor bolt ,
  • the biasing element for the axial pre-stress of the force or pressure sensor is preferably indirectly via the force distribution plate supported on the force or pressure sensor. The biasing element can then also be used for fixing the position of the force distribution plate.
  • the force distribution plate may be connected via a membrane with the housing of the injector, which serves to seal the sensor against the fuel-filled low-pressure space.
  • Fig. 1a is a longitudinal section through a known from the prior art fuel! njektor,
  • Fig. 1 b is a longitudinal section through the control valve of the fuel! Njektors of Fig. 1a,
  • Fig. 2a and b are each a longitudinal section through a preferred embodiment of a fuel according to the invention! Njektors in the field of force or pressure sensor and a direct supported thereon power transmission element and
  • 3a and b each show a longitudinal section through a preferred embodiment of a fuel injector according to the invention in the region of the force or pressure sensor and a force transmission member supported thereon indirectly via a force distribution plate.
  • the known fuel injector shown in FIGS. 1 a and 1 b has a nozzle needle 1, which can be moved in a lift-up manner in a high-pressure bore 14 of a nozzle body 15 and which can be acted upon by a closing force via a valve piston 19.
  • the valve piston 19 is received with its end facing away from the nozzle needle 1 in a valve member 24 and guided there liftable.
  • the valve piece 24 is in turn received in an injector body 16.
  • a control chamber 3 is limited by the valve piston 19, in which a hydraulic pressure prevails, which the valve piston ben 19 and the nozzle needle 1 is acted upon by a force acting in the closing direction.
  • the control chamber 3 is connected via an inlet throttle 20 with a fuel supply line 17 and connected via an outlet throttle 21 and a valve chamber 22 of the control valve 2 with a low pressure region 6, so that the hydraulic pressure in the control chamber 3 in dependence on the respective
  • Switching position of the control valve 2 is variable.
  • the supplied via the supply line 17 under high pressure fuel is removed from a high-pressure accumulator 18.
  • the fuel is then supplied to at least one injection opening 5 when the nozzle needle 1 is open.
  • the control valve 2 of the injector of FIG. 1 a which comprises a coil 25 and a magnetic core 9, comprises a lifting element 10 which cooperates with the coil 25 and an anchor bolt 10 which is at least partly accommodated therein 12 on.
  • the anchor bolt 12 is acted upon at its lower end face with the pressure prevailing in the valve chamber 22 hydraulic pressure. This hydraulic pressure corresponds in the closed state of the control valve 2 to the hydraulic pressure in the control chamber 3, since the valve chamber 22 is connected via the outlet throttle 21 to the control chamber 3 in hydraulic communication. With its upper end face of the anchor bolt 12 is at a
  • Housing part 26 of the injector supported.
  • the liftable anchor element 10 In the idle state, that is, when the coil 25 is de-energized, the liftable anchor element 10 is pressed by a biasing element 7 in the form of a helical compression spring against a valve seat 23 of the valve member 24.
  • a further biasing element 7 On the housing part 26, a further biasing element 7 is supported in the form of a plate spring. This serves to fix the position of a magnetic core 9, which surrounds the coil 25.
  • the magnetic core 9 is for this purpose further supported on an annular shoulder 27 of a receiving housing part 28.
  • FIG. 2a which is shown in FIG. 2a and is based on an injector according to FIGS. 1a and 1b, is in the housing part 26 (reference numerals in parentheses) or in a supporting plate 8 adjacent thereto a force or Pressure sensor 4 recorded for needle closing time detection.
  • the force or pressure sensor 4 has at least one sensor element made of a piezoelectric material (not shown).
  • the lifting movement of the nozzle needle 1 influences the pressure in the control chamber 3 and thus on the anchor bolt 12 and the force or pressure sensor 4 acting force.
  • the sensor element of the force or pressure sensor 4 then outputs a signal to a control unit (not shown), which then evaluates it.
  • the sensor When using a working according to a piezoelectric operating principle sensor element, the sensor is compressed and generates a charge which is substantially proportional to the force acting on the force or pressure sensor 4 force.
  • a voltage is applied to the coil
  • Sensor element created and dismantled again This can at least temporarily lead to the formation of mechanical tensile stresses in the sensor element.
  • the sensor element can be destroyed here.
  • the sensor element according to the invention is acted upon by a biasing element 7 with a biasing force generating compressive stresses.
  • the biasing member 7 is formed as a helical compression spring, which rests directly on the force or pressure sensor 4.
  • the trained as a helical compression spring biasing member 7 may further be supported on the anchor member 10 of the control valve 2 so that there is a
  • the biasing element 7 for the axial prestress of the force or pressure sensor 4 can therefore replace an armature spring or such an armature spring can optionally be used as a biasing element 7 after slight modification.
  • FIG. 2b A modification of the embodiment of Fig. 2a is shown in Fig. 2b.
  • the biasing member 7 is formed as a plate spring, which in turn is supported directly on the force or pressure sensor 4. With its other end, the plate spring can be supported on the magnetic core 9 of the control valve 2 and therefore at the same time serve for the axial bias of the magnetic core 9.
  • Figs. 3a and 3b Further preferred embodiments of the invention are shown in Figs. 3a and 3b.
  • a force distribution plate 13 is arranged here between the force transmission member 11 or the anchor bolt 12 and the force or pressure sensor 4. The power transmission member 1 1 and the anchor bolt 12 is therefore not directly on the force or pressure sensor 4 on.
  • biasing member 7 is not directly but indirectly supported via the force distribution plate 13 on the force or pressure sensor 4.
  • the biasing element 7 can in turn be designed as a helical compression spring (FIG. 3 a) or as a plate spring (FIG. 3 b). Regardless of the specific embodiment, the biasing element 7 also serves to fix the position of the force distribution plate 13, so that the biasing element 7 performs several functions.
  • the biasing element 7, in turn, depending on the design as a helical compression spring or as a plate spring can be used as an anchor spring or for axial prestressing of the magnetic core 9. In that regard, even existing components - possibly after minor modification - can be used as a biasing element 7. This has a particularly favorable effect on the production costs of a fuel according to the invention! Njektors.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a fuel injector for injecting fuel into the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, comprising a nozzle needle (1) that can carry out a stroke movement, by means of which at least one injection opening (5) can be released or closed, and comprising a control valve (2) for controlling the stroke movement of the nozzle needle (1). A hydraulic pressure in a control chamber (3) is changed dependent on the respective switch position of the control valve (2), said hydraulic pressure being applied to the nozzle needle (1) in the closing direction. The fuel injector also comprises a force or pressure sensor (4) with at least one sensor element made of a piezoelectric material for detecting characteristic pressure changes when opening and closing the nozzle needle. According to the invention, the force or pressure sensor (4) is arranged in a low-pressure region (6) of the fuel injector, and an axial force can be applied directly or indirectly to said sensor at least when closing the nozzle needle (2), said axial force being proportional to the hydraulic pressure in the control chamber (3). Furthermore, the force or pressure sensor (4) is preloaded directly or indirectly by a preloading element (7) in an axial manner with respect to a support plate (8) or a housing part (26).

Description

Beschreibung  description
Titel title
Kraftstoff! njektor Die Erfindung betrifft einen Kraftstoffinjektor für ein Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem, insbesondere ein Common-Rail-Einspritzsystem, zum Einspritzen von Kraftstoff in den Brennraum einer Brennkraftmaschine mit den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffs des Anspruchs 1. Ein gattungsgemäßer Kraftstoffinjektor umfasst eine in einer Hochdruckbohrung hubbeweglich geführte Düsennadel, über deren Hubbewegung wenigstens eine Einspritzöffnung freigebbar und verschließbar ist, sowie ein Steuerventil zum Steuern der Hubbewegung der Düsennadel, indem in Abhängigkeit von der jeweiligen Schaltstellung des Steuerventils ein die Düsennadel in Schließrichtung beaufschlagender hydraulischer Druck in einem Steuerraum verändert wird. Die eingespritzte Kraftstoffmenge hängt dabei vom Einspritzdruck sowie der Öffnungsdauer der Düsennadel ab. Aufgrund von Verschleiß kann sich das Betriebsverhalten des Kraftstoffinjektors jedoch über die Lebensdauer verändern, so dass es die Ansteuerparameter anzupassen gilt. Zum Erfassen charakteristi- scher Druckänderungen beim Öffnen und Schließen der Düsennadel umfasst der Fuel! The invention relates to a fuel injector for a fuel injection system, in particular a common rail injection system, for injecting fuel into the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine having the features of the preamble of claim 1. A generic fuel injector comprises a nozzle needle, which is liftably guided in a high-pressure bore Lifting movement at least one injection port is releasable and closable, and a control valve for controlling the lifting movement of the nozzle needle by a the nozzle needle in the closing direction acting hydraulic pressure is changed in a control room depending on the respective switching position of the control valve. The injected fuel quantity depends on the injection pressure and the opening duration of the nozzle needle. Due to wear, however, the operating behavior of the fuel injector can change over the service life, so that it is necessary to adapt the control parameters. For detecting characteristic pressure changes during opening and closing of the nozzle needle comprises
Kraftstoffinjektor daher ferner einen Kraft- oder Drucksensor mit wenigstens einem Sensorelement aus einem piezoelektrischen Material. Fuel injector therefore further includes a force or pressure sensor having at least one sensor element made of a piezoelectric material.
Stand der Technik State of the art
Aus der Offenlegungsschrift DE 10 2007 063 103 A1 ist eine Vorrichtung zur Ermittlung eines Betriebsverhaltens eines Einspritzventils einer Einspritzanlage einer Brennkraftmaschine bekannt, welche einen Piezofoliensensor umfasst, der zur Ermittlung des Schließzeitpunktes des Einspritzventils in das Einspritzventil einsetzbar ist. Mittels des Piezofoliensensors wird vorteilhafterweise das Anschlagen der Ventilnadel am Ventilsitz ermittelt. Auf diese Weise kann erfasst werden, ob ein vorhergesagter Zeitpunkt dem tatsächlichen Zeitpunkt des Anschlages der Ventilnadel am Ventilsitz entspricht. Wird eine Abweichung erkannt, können die Ansteuerparameter einer Ansteuervorrichtung der Einspritzanlage entsprechend angepasst werden. Das Anschlagen der Ventilnadel am Ventilsitz wird vorzugsweise durch eine äußere Krafteinwirkung auf den Piezofoliensensor erkannt. Die äußere Krafteinwirkung bewirkt eine Verformung und damit einhergehend eine Änderung der Ladungsdichte des Piezomaterials, so dass eine zwischen zwei an dem Piezomaterial angeordneten Elektroden erzeugte Spannung als Signal abgreifbar ist. Da der Piezofoliensensor zur Signalgenerierung keine Speisespannung benötigt und die Signale demnach direkt auch ohne Ladungsverstärker abgegriffen werden können, bedarf es zum Abgreifen des Signals lediglich einer Masse- und einer Signalleitung. Das Signal wird dann bevorzugt an eine mit dem Piezofoliensensor verbundene Auswerteeinheit weitergeleitet. Ausgehend von dem vorstehend genannten Stand der Technik liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen einfach aufgebauten und kostengünstig herstellbaren Kraftstoff! njektor mit einem Kraft- oder Drucksensor zum Erfassen charakteristischer Druckänderungen beim Öffnen und Schließen der Düsennadel und damit zur Bestimmung des Nadelschließzeitpunktes bereitzustellen, der zu- dem eine lange Lebensdauer aufweist. From the published patent application DE 10 2007 063 103 A1 a device for determining a performance of an injection valve of an injection system of an internal combustion engine is known which comprises a piezo film sensor which can be used to determine the closing time of the injection valve in the injection valve. By means of the piezo film sensor, the impact of the valve needle on the valve seat is advantageously determined. In this way can be detected be whether a predicted time corresponds to the actual time of the stop of the valve needle on the valve seat. If a deviation is detected, the control parameters of a control device of the injection system can be adjusted accordingly. The striking of the valve needle on the valve seat is preferably detected by an external force acting on the piezo film sensor. The external force causes a deformation and concomitantly a change in the charge density of the piezoelectric material, so that a voltage generated between two electrodes arranged on the piezoelectric material can be tapped off as a signal. Since the piezo film sensor for signal generation requires no supply voltage and the signals can therefore be tapped directly without charge amplifier, it requires only a ground and a signal line for tapping the signal. The signal is then preferably forwarded to an evaluation unit connected to the piezo film sensor. Based on the above-mentioned prior art, the invention is based on the object, a simple design and inexpensive to produce fuel! To provide injector with a force or pressure sensor for detecting characteristic pressure changes during opening and closing of the nozzle needle and thus to determine the Nadelschließzeitpunktes, which also has a long life.
Die Aufgabe wird gelöst durch einen Kraftstoffinjektor mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen angegeben. The object is achieved by a fuel injector with the features of claim 1. Advantageous developments of the invention are specified in the subclaims.
Offenbarung der Erfindung Disclosure of the invention
Erfindungsgemäß ist der Kraft- oder Drucksensor in einem Niederdruckbereich des Kraftstoffinjektors angeordnet und zumindest beim Schließen der Düsenna- del unmittelbar oder mittelbar mit einer Axialkraft beaufschlagbar, die proportional zum hydraulischen Druck im Steuerraum ist. Ferner erfindungsgemäß ist der Kraft- oder Drucksensor unmittelbar oder mittelbar durch ein Vorspannelement gegenüber einer Abstützplatte oder einem Gehäuseteil axial vorgespannt. Durch die Anordnung des Kraft- oder Drucksensors im Niederdruckbereich wird die Belastung des Sensors verringert, da er nicht dem unter hohen Druck ste- henden Kraftstoff ausgesetzt ist. Mit der geringeren Belastung sinken auch die Anforderungen an die Abdichtung der Sensoranordnung gegenüber dem kraftstoffführenden Bereich. Die vorgeschlagene elektrische Anbindung vereinfacht die Herstellung einer Masseverbindung. Die Masseverbindung wird bevorzugt au- tomatisch durch Auflegen des Sensorelementes auf das Massepotenzial, vorzugsweise ein Gehäuseteil oder ein mit einem Gehäuseteil verbundenes Bauteil des Kraftstoffinjektors hergestellt. Eine gezielte Kontaktierung und/oder die Anbindung an eine Leitung ist nicht erforderlich. Somit ist auch eine Leitungsführung durch den Injektor weitgehend entbehrlich. Sofern das Sensorelement des Kraft- oder Drucksensors nicht unmittelbar am als Massepotenzial dienenden According to the invention, the force or pressure sensor is arranged in a low pressure region of the fuel injector and at least when closing the Düsenna- del directly or indirectly acted upon by an axial force which is proportional to the hydraulic pressure in the control chamber. Further, according to the invention, the force or pressure sensor is axially or indirectly biased by a biasing member relative to a support plate or a housing part. Due to the arrangement of the force or pressure sensor in the low-pressure region, the load on the sensor is reduced because it does not stand up to the pressure which is high. suspended fuel. With the lower load, the requirements for sealing the sensor arrangement with respect to the fuel-carrying area also decrease. The proposed electrical connection simplifies the production of a ground connection. The ground connection is preferably produced automatically by placing the sensor element on the ground potential, preferably a housing part or a component of the fuel injector connected to a housing part. A targeted contacting and / or the connection to a line is not required. Thus, a wiring through the injector is largely unnecessary. If the sensor element of the force or pressure sensor is not directly on the ground potential serving
Gehäuseteil des Injektors anliegt, sondern an einem mit dem Gehäuseteil verbundenen weiteren Bauteil, besteht dieses aus einem elektrisch leitenden Material. Die Anbindung kann über eine Kontaktfläche des Sensorelementes oder eine hierauf ausgebildete Elektrode erfolgen, wobei die Elektrode die Kontaktfläche vorzugsweise vollständig bedeckt. Die Elektrode kann beispielsweise in Form einer Beschichtung ausgebildet sein. Die Elektrode bildet dann die eigentliche Kontaktfläche zum Massepotenzial aus. Vorzugsweise ist die Kontaktfläche bzw. die als Kontaktfläche dienende Elektrode an einer der Düsennadel zugewandten Stirnfläche des Sensorelementes ausgebildet, um Leitungsführungen tief in den Injektor hinein zu vermeiden. Die darüber hinaus vorgeschlagene axiale Vorspannung des Kraft- oder Drucksensors dient der Lagefixierung des Sensors. Zudem wird durch die axiale Vorspannung ein Auftreten von mechanischen Zugspannungen im Sensor vermieden. Dies wirkt sich insbesondere dann als vorteilhaft aus, wenn das Steuerventil als Magnetventil ausgebildet ist. Denn bei Bestromung des Magnetventils im Betrieb des Kraftstoffinjektors kann am Kraftoder Drucksensor eine Spannung anliegen, die ohne axiale Vorspannung zumindest kurzzeitig zur Entstehung mechanischer Zugspannungen im Sensor und damit ggf. zu einer Zerstörung des Sensors führen würde. Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist das Steuerventil als Housing part of the injector is applied, but at one connected to the housing part further component, this consists of an electrically conductive material. The connection can be made via a contact surface of the sensor element or an electrode formed thereon, wherein the electrode preferably completely covers the contact surface. The electrode may be formed for example in the form of a coating. The electrode then forms the actual contact surface with the ground potential. Preferably, the contact surface or the electrode serving as a contact surface is formed on an end face of the sensor element facing the nozzle needle in order to avoid cable guides deep into the injector. The additionally proposed axial preload of the force or pressure sensor serves to fix the position of the sensor. In addition, the occurrence of mechanical tensile stresses in the sensor is avoided by the axial preload. This is particularly advantageous when the control valve is designed as a solenoid valve. Because when current supplied to the solenoid valve during operation of the fuel injector, a voltage applied to the force or pressure sensor, which would lead without axial bias at least briefly to the formation of mechanical tensile stresses in the sensor and thus possibly to a destruction of the sensor. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the control valve is as
Magnetventil ausgebildet. Auf diese Weise lässt sich ein kostengünstig herstellbarer Kraftstoff! njektor realisieren. Alternativ oder ergänzend wird vorgeschlagen, dass das Vorspannelement Bestandteil des Steuerventils ist. Somit kann auf bereits vorhandene Bauteile zurückgegriffen werden, um die axiale Vorspannung des Kraft- oder Drucksensors zu realisieren. Auch dies wirkt sich günstig auf die Herstellungskosten aus. Gegebenenfalls sind hierzu die vorhandenen Bauteile geringfügig zu modifizieren. Solenoid valve formed. In this way can be a cost-producible fuel! Realize the injector. Alternatively or additionally, it is proposed that the biasing element is part of the control valve. Thus, it is possible to resort to existing components in order to realize the axial prestress of the force or pressure sensor. This also has a favorable effect on the Production costs. If necessary, the existing components are to be modified slightly.
Bevorzugt umfasst das Steuerventil einen Magnetkern, der mittels eines Vor- 5 spannelementes axial vorgespannt ist. Das hierzu vorgesehene Vorspannelement kann zugleich der axialen Vorspannung des Kraft- oder Drucksensors dienen. In diesem Fall ist das Vorspannelement einerseits am Magnetkern und andererseits unmittelbar oder mittelbar am Kraft- oder Drucksensor abgestützt. 0 Weiterhin bevorzugt umfasst das Steuerventil ein hubbewegliches Ankerelement, das mittels eines Vorspannelementes axial vorgespannt ist. Das Vorspannelement dient der Rückstellung des Ankerelementes nach Beendigung der Bestromung des Magnetventils. Alternativ oder ergänzend zum vorhergehenden Beispiel kann auch dieses Vorspannelement zur axialen Vorspannung des Kraft-5 oder Drucksensors eingesetzt werden. Dann ist dieses Vorspannelement einerseits am Ankerelement und andererseits unmittelbar oder mittelbar am Kraftoder Drucksensor abgestützt. Preferably, the control valve comprises a magnetic core, which is biased axially by means of a pre-5 clamping element. The purpose provided for this biasing element can also serve the axial bias of the force or pressure sensor. In this case, the biasing element is supported on the one hand on the magnetic core and on the other hand directly or indirectly on the force or pressure sensor. Further preferably, the control valve comprises a liftable anchor element, which is axially biased by means of a biasing element. The biasing element serves to restore the anchor element after completion of the energization of the solenoid valve. Alternatively or in addition to the previous example, this biasing element can be used for axial prestressing of the force 5 or pressure sensor. Then this biasing element is supported on the one hand on the anchor element and on the other hand directly or indirectly on the force or pressure sensor.
Des Weiteren wird vorgeschlagen, dass das Vorspannelement als Schrauben- o druckfeder oder Tellerfeder ausgebildet ist. In der Regel findet eine Schraubendruckfeder zur Rückstellung des Ankerelementes Einsatz, so dass dieses bereits vorhandene Bauteil zur axialen Vorspannung des Kraft- oder Drucksensors eingesetzt werden kann. Alternativ kann das als Schraubendruckfeder ausgebildete Vorspannelement auch eine der Rückstellung des Ankerelementes dienende 5 Schraubendruckfeder ersetzen. Es bedarf demnach nur noch einer Schraubendruckfeder. In der Ausbildung als Tellerfeder sind die Bauraumanforderungen des Vorspannelementes minimal, so dass sich ein derart ausgebildetes Vorspannelement insbesondere zur axialen Vorspannung des Kraft- oder Drucksensors und des Magnetkerns eignet. Die Tellerfeder kann hierzu bauraumschonend in o einem Raum angeordnet werden, welcher der Aufnahme des Magnetkerns dient, und einerseits am Magnetkern, andererseits unmittelbar oder mittelbar am Kraftoder Drucksensor abgestützt sein. Sofern bereits eine Tellerfeder zur axialen Vorspannung des Magnetkerns vorgesehen ist, kann diese zur Ausbildung des Vorspannelementes herangezogen oder durch eine an die neuen Anforderungen5 angepasste Tellerfeder zur axialen Vorspannung des Kraft- oder Drucksensors ersetzt werden. Ein als Schraubendruckfeder oder Tellerfeder ausgebildetes Vorspannelement kann demnach mehrere Funktionen gleichzeitig erfüllen. Furthermore, it is proposed that the biasing element is designed as a helical compression spring or plate spring. As a rule, a helical compression spring is used for returning the anchor element, so that this already existing component can be used for axial prestressing of the force or pressure sensor. Alternatively, the biasing element formed as a helical compression spring can also replace a provision of the provision of the anchor element 5 helical compression spring. It therefore only requires a helical compression spring. In the design as a plate spring, the space requirements of the biasing element are minimal, so that such a trained biasing element is particularly suitable for the axial bias of the force or pressure sensor and the magnetic core. The diaphragm spring can be arranged space-saving in o a space which serves to receive the magnetic core, and be supported on the one hand on the magnetic core, on the other hand directly or indirectly on the force or pressure sensor. If a diaphragm spring is already provided for the axial prestressing of the magnetic core, this can be used to form the biasing element or by a diaphragm spring adapted to the new requirements5 for axially biasing the force or pressure sensor be replaced. A trained as a helical compression spring or plate spring biasing element can therefore fulfill several functions simultaneously.
Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist der Kraft- oder Drucksensor unmittelbar oder mittelbar über ein axial verschiebbares Kraftübertragungsglied von einer Axialkraft beaufschlagbar, die proportional zum hydraulischen Druck im Steuerraum ist. Das Kraftübertragungsglied kann beispielsweise ein das Ankerelement durchsetzender Ankerbolzen sein. Vorzugsweise wird der Steuerraum oder ein mit dem Steuerraum in hydraulischer Verbindung stehender weiterer Druckraum von einer ersten Stirnfläche des axial verschiebbaren Kraftübertragungsgliedes, vorzugsweise des Ankerbolzens, begrenzt, während die andere Stirnfläche unmittelbar oder mittelbar am Kraft- oder Drucksensor anliegt. Bei dem weiteren, in hydraulischer Verbindung mit dem Steuerraum stehenden Druckraum kann es sich beispielsweise um einen Ventilraum des Steuerventils handeln, in welchem - bei geschlossenem Steuerventil - ein dem Steuerraumdruck entsprechender hydraulischer Druck herrscht. Das Kraftübertragungsglied bzw. der Ankerbolzen und die Düsennadel sind somit über die Druckräume hydraulisch gekoppelt, so dass die Hubbewegung der Düsennadel eine Hubbewegung des Kraftübertragungsgliedes bzw. des Ankerbolzens bewirkt. Aufgrund der unmittelbaren oder mittelbaren Abstützung des Kraftübertragungsgliedes bzw. des Ankerbolzens am Kraft- oder Drucksensor wird dieser von einer Axialkraft beaufschlagt, welche bei geschlossenem Steuerventil, d.h. während des gesamten Schließvorgangs der Düsennadel, proportional zum hydraulischen Druck im Steuerraum ist. Da der hydraulische Druck im Steuerraum im Zeitpunkt des Na- delschließens ein signifikantes Minimum aufweist, wird auch das vom Kraft- oderAccording to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the force or pressure sensor is acted upon directly or indirectly via an axially displaceable force transmission member of an axial force which is proportional to the hydraulic pressure in the control chamber. The force transmission member may be, for example, an anchor bolt passing through the anchor member. Preferably, the control chamber or a further pressure chamber communicating with the control chamber in hydraulic connection is delimited by a first end face of the axially displaceable force transmission member, preferably the anchor bolt, while the other end face bears directly or indirectly against the force or pressure sensor. The further pressure chamber, which is in hydraulic communication with the control chamber, can be, for example, a valve chamber of the control valve, in which, with the control valve closed, a hydraulic pressure corresponding to the control chamber pressure prevails. The force transmission member or the anchor bolt and the nozzle needle are thus hydraulically coupled via the pressure chambers, so that the lifting movement of the nozzle needle causes a stroke movement of the force transmission member or the anchor bolt. Due to the direct or indirect support of the force transmission member or the anchor bolt on the force or pressure sensor, this is acted upon by an axial force, which in the closed control valve, i. during the entire closing process of the nozzle needle, is proportional to the hydraulic pressure in the control chamber. Since the hydraulic pressure in the control room has a significant minimum at the time of the needle closing, this is also the case of the force
Drucksensor ausgegebene Signal ein signifikantes Merkmal aufweisen, das somit den Nadelschließzeitpunkt erkennen lässt. Pressure sensor output signal have a significant feature, which thus detects the needle closing timing.
Um die vom Kraftübertragungsglied bzw. vom Ankerbolzen auf den Kraft- oder Drucksensor ausgeübte Axialkraft mit weitgehend homogener Flächenpressung in den Kraft- oder Drucksensor einzuleiten, wird weiterhin vorgeschlagen, dass zwischen dem Kraft- oder Drucksensor und dem Kraftübertragungsglied bzw. dem Ankerbolzen eine Kraftverteilungsplatte angeordnet ist. Bei Vorhandensein einer solchen Kraftverteilungsplatte ist das Vorspannelement zur axialen Vor- Spannung des Kraft- oder Drucksensors vorzugsweise mittelbar über die Kraft- verteilungsplatte am Kraft- oder Drucksensor abgestützt. Das Vorspannelement kann dann ferner zur Lagefixierung der Kraftverteilungsplatte eingesetzt werden. In order to initiate the axial force exerted by the force transmission member or the anchor bolt on the force or pressure sensor with substantially homogeneous surface pressure in the force or pressure sensor, it is further proposed that a force distribution plate is arranged between the force or pressure sensor and the force transmission member or the anchor bolt , In the presence of such a force distribution plate, the biasing element for the axial pre-stress of the force or pressure sensor is preferably indirectly via the force distribution plate supported on the force or pressure sensor. The biasing element can then also be used for fixing the position of the force distribution plate.
Darüber hinaus kann die Kraftverteilungsplatte über eine Membran mit dem Gehäuse des Injektors verbunden sein, welche der Abdichtung des Sensors gegen den mit Kraftstoff befüllten Niederdruckraum dient. In addition, the force distribution plate may be connected via a membrane with the housing of the injector, which serves to seal the sensor against the fuel-filled low-pressure space.
Bevorzugte Ausführungsformen der Erfindung werden nachfolgend anhand der Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Diese zeigen: Preferred embodiments of the invention are explained below with reference to the drawings. These show:
Fig. 1a einen Längsschnitt durch einen aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Kraftstoff! njektor, Fig. 1a is a longitudinal section through a known from the prior art fuel! njektor,
Fig. 1 b einen Längsschnitt durch das Steuerventil des Kraftstoff! njektors der Fig. 1a, Fig. 1 b is a longitudinal section through the control valve of the fuel! Njektors of Fig. 1a,
Fig. 2a und b jeweils einen Längsschnitt durch eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Kraftstoff! njektors im Bereich des Kraft- oder Drucksensors und einem hieran unmittelbar abgestützten Kraftübertragungsglied und Fig. 2a and b are each a longitudinal section through a preferred embodiment of a fuel according to the invention! Njektors in the field of force or pressure sensor and a direct supported thereon power transmission element and
Fig. 3a und b jeweils einen Längsschnitt durch eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Kraftstoffinjektors im Bereich des Kraft- oder Drucksensors und einem hieran mittelbar über eine Kraftverteilungsplatte abgestützten Kraftübertragungsglied. 3a and b each show a longitudinal section through a preferred embodiment of a fuel injector according to the invention in the region of the force or pressure sensor and a force transmission member supported thereon indirectly via a force distribution plate.
Ausführliche Beschreibung der Zeichnungen Detailed description of the drawings
Der in den Fig. 1a und 1 b dargestellte bekannte Kraftstoffinjektor weist eine in einer Hochdruckbohrung 14 eines Düsenkörpers 15 hubbeweglich geführte Düsennadel 1 auf, welche über einen Ventilkolben 19 mit einer Schließkraft beaufschlagbar ist. Der Ventilkolben 19 ist mit seinem der Düsennadel 1 abgewandten Ende in einem Ventilstück 24 aufgenommen und dort hubbeweglich geführt. Das Ventilstück 24 ist wiederum in einem Injektorkörper 16 aufgenommen. Innerhalb des Ventilstücks 24 wird durch den Ventilkolben 19 ein Steuerraum 3 begrenzt, in welchem ein hydraulischer Druck herrscht, welcher den Ventilkol- ben 19 und die Düsennadel 1 mit einer in Schließrichtung wirkenden Kraft beaufschlagt. Der Steuerraum 3 ist über eine Zulaufdrossel 20 mit einer Kraftstoff- Zufuhrleitung 17 verbunden und über eine Ablaufdrossel 21 und einen Ventilraum 22 des Steuerventils 2 mit einem Niederdruckbereich 6 verbindbar, so dass der hydraulische Druck im Steuerraum 3 in Abhängigkeit von der jeweiligenThe known fuel injector shown in FIGS. 1 a and 1 b has a nozzle needle 1, which can be moved in a lift-up manner in a high-pressure bore 14 of a nozzle body 15 and which can be acted upon by a closing force via a valve piston 19. The valve piston 19 is received with its end facing away from the nozzle needle 1 in a valve member 24 and guided there liftable. The valve piece 24 is in turn received in an injector body 16. Within the valve member 24, a control chamber 3 is limited by the valve piston 19, in which a hydraulic pressure prevails, which the valve piston ben 19 and the nozzle needle 1 is acted upon by a force acting in the closing direction. The control chamber 3 is connected via an inlet throttle 20 with a fuel supply line 17 and connected via an outlet throttle 21 and a valve chamber 22 of the control valve 2 with a low pressure region 6, so that the hydraulic pressure in the control chamber 3 in dependence on the respective
Schaltstellung des Steuerventils 2 veränderbar ist. Der über die Zufuhrleitung 17 zugeführte unter hohem Druck stehende Kraftstoff wird einem Hochdruckspeicher 18 entnommen. Über die im Düsenkörper 15 ausgebildete Hochdruckbohrung 14 wird der Kraftstoff dann bei geöffneter Düsennadel 1 wenigstens einer Einspritzöffnung 5 zugeführt. Switching position of the control valve 2 is variable. The supplied via the supply line 17 under high pressure fuel is removed from a high-pressure accumulator 18. By way of the high-pressure bore 14 formed in the nozzle body 15, the fuel is then supplied to at least one injection opening 5 when the nozzle needle 1 is open.
Das in der Fig. 1 b näher dargestellte und als Magnetventil ausgebildete Steuerventil 2 des Injektors der Fig. 1 a weist einen eine Spule 25 und einen Magnetkern 9 umfassenden Elektromagneten, ein mit der Spule 25 zusammenwirkendes hubbewegliches Ankerelement 10 sowie einen hierin zumindest teilweise aufgenommenen Ankerbolzen 12 auf. Der Ankerbolzen 12 wird an seiner unteren Stirnfläche mit dem im Ventilraum 22 herrschenden hydraulischen Druck beaufschlagt. Dieser hydraulische Druck entspricht im geschlossenen Zustand des Steuerventils 2 dem hydraulischen Druck im Steuerraum 3, da der Ventilraum 22 über die Ablaufdrossel 21 mit dem Steuerraum 3 in hydraulischer Verbindung steht. Mit seiner oberen Stirnfläche ist der Ankerbolzen 12 an einem The control valve 2 of the injector of FIG. 1 a, which comprises a coil 25 and a magnetic core 9, comprises a lifting element 10 which cooperates with the coil 25 and an anchor bolt 10 which is at least partly accommodated therein 12 on. The anchor bolt 12 is acted upon at its lower end face with the pressure prevailing in the valve chamber 22 hydraulic pressure. This hydraulic pressure corresponds in the closed state of the control valve 2 to the hydraulic pressure in the control chamber 3, since the valve chamber 22 is connected via the outlet throttle 21 to the control chamber 3 in hydraulic communication. With its upper end face of the anchor bolt 12 is at a
Gehäuseteil 26 des Injektors abgestützt. Im Ruhezustand, das heißt bei unbestromter Spule 25, wird das hubbewegliche Ankerelement 10 durch ein Vorspannelement 7 in Form einer Schraubendruckfeder gegen einen Ventilsitz 23 des Ventilstücks 24 gedrückt. Am Gehäuseteil 26 ist ein weiteres Vorspannelement 7 in Form einer Tellerfeder abgestützt. Diese dient der Lagefixierung eines Magnetkerns 9, welcher die Spule 25 umgibt. Der Magnetkern 9 ist hierzu ferner an einem ringförmigen Absatz 27 eines ihn aufnehmenden Gehäuseteils 28 abgestützt. Housing part 26 of the injector supported. In the idle state, that is, when the coil 25 is de-energized, the liftable anchor element 10 is pressed by a biasing element 7 in the form of a helical compression spring against a valve seat 23 of the valve member 24. On the housing part 26, a further biasing element 7 is supported in the form of a plate spring. This serves to fix the position of a magnetic core 9, which surrounds the coil 25. The magnetic core 9 is for this purpose further supported on an annular shoulder 27 of a receiving housing part 28.
Gemäß einer ersten bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung, welche der Fig. 2a zu entnehmen ist und auf einem Injektorprinzip entsprechend der Fig. 1a und 1 b basiert, ist im Gehäuseteil 26 (Bezugszeichen in Klammern) oder in einer hieran anliegenden Abstützplatte 8 ein Kraft- oder Drucksensor 4 zur Nadel- schließzeitpunkterkennung aufgenommen. Der Kraft- oder Drucksensor 4 weist hierzu wenigstens ein Sensorelement aus einem piezoelektrischen Material auf (nicht dargestellt). Der Ankerbolzen 12, welcher vorliegend zugleich als Kraftübertragungsglied 11 dient, liegt unmittelbar am Kraft- oder Drucksensor 4 an. Aufgrund der hydraulischen Kopplung des Ankerbolzens 12 mit dem Steuerraum 3 und der Rückwirkung einer Bewegung der Düsennadel 1 oder eines zwi- schengeschalteten Ventilkolbens 19 beeinflusst die Hubbewegung der Düsennadel 1 den Druck im Steuerraum 3 und damit die auf den Ankerbolzen 12 und den Kraft- oder Drucksensor 4 wirkende Kraft. Das Sensorelement des Kraft- oder Drucksensors 4 gibt dann ein Signal an eine Steuereinheit (nicht dargestellt) ab, das dieses dann auswertet. According to a first preferred embodiment of the invention, which is shown in FIG. 2a and is based on an injector according to FIGS. 1a and 1b, is in the housing part 26 (reference numerals in parentheses) or in a supporting plate 8 adjacent thereto a force or Pressure sensor 4 recorded for needle closing time detection. For this purpose, the force or pressure sensor 4 has at least one sensor element made of a piezoelectric material (not shown). The anchor bolt 12, which at the same time serves as a force transmission member 11, lies directly on the force or pressure sensor 4. Due to the hydraulic coupling of the anchor bolt 12 with the control chamber 3 and the retroactive effect of a movement of the nozzle needle 1 or an interposed valve piston 19, the lifting movement of the nozzle needle 1 influences the pressure in the control chamber 3 and thus on the anchor bolt 12 and the force or pressure sensor 4 acting force. The sensor element of the force or pressure sensor 4 then outputs a signal to a control unit (not shown), which then evaluates it.
Bei Einsatz eines nach einem piezoelektrischen Wirkprinzip arbeitenden Sensorelementes wird der Sensor zusammengedrückt und erzeugt eine Ladung, die im Wesentlichen proportional zur auf den Kraft- oder Drucksensor 4 wirkenden Kraft ist. Je nach Verschaltung kann es sein, dass während der Bestromung der Spu- le 25 des als Magnetventil ausgebildeten Steuerventils 2 eine Spannung amWhen using a working according to a piezoelectric operating principle sensor element, the sensor is compressed and generates a charge which is substantially proportional to the force acting on the force or pressure sensor 4 force. Depending on the interconnection, it may be that, during energization of the coil 25 of the control valve 2 designed as a solenoid valve, a voltage is applied to the coil
Sensorelement angelegt und wieder abgebaut wird. Dies kann zumindest zeitweise zur Entstehung von mechanischen Zugspannungen im Sensorelement führen. Das Sensorelement kann hierbei zerstört werden. Um dies zu verhindern, ist das Sensorelement erfindungsgemäß durch ein Vorspannelement 7 mit einer Druckspannungen erzeugenden Vorspannkraft beaufschlagt. Sensor element created and dismantled again. This can at least temporarily lead to the formation of mechanical tensile stresses in the sensor element. The sensor element can be destroyed here. To prevent this, the sensor element according to the invention is acted upon by a biasing element 7 with a biasing force generating compressive stresses.
Bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel der Fig. 2a ist das Vorspannelement 7 als Schraubendruckfeder ausgebildet, welche unmittelbar am Kraft- oder Drucksensor 4 anliegt. Das als Schraubendruckfeder ausgebildete Vorspannelement 7 kann ferner derart an dem Ankerelement 10 des Steuerventils 2 abgestützt sein, dass es eineIn the embodiment of Fig. 2a, the biasing member 7 is formed as a helical compression spring, which rests directly on the force or pressure sensor 4. The trained as a helical compression spring biasing member 7 may further be supported on the anchor member 10 of the control valve 2 so that there is a
Rückstellung des Ankerelementes 10 bei Beendigung der Bestromung der Spule 25 bewirkt. Das Vorspannelement 7 zur axialen Vorspannung des Kraft- oder Drucksensors 4 kann demnach eine Ankerfeder ersetzen oder eine solche Ankerfeder kann ggf. nach geringfügiger Modifizierung als Vorspannelement 7 ein- gesetzt werden. Returning the anchor element 10 causes the current to the coil 25 at the end of the energization. The biasing element 7 for the axial prestress of the force or pressure sensor 4 can therefore replace an armature spring or such an armature spring can optionally be used as a biasing element 7 after slight modification.
Eine Abwandlung des Ausführungsbeispiels der Fig. 2a ist in der Fig. 2b dargestellt. Hier ist das Vorspannelement 7 als Tellerfeder ausgebildet, welche wiederum unmittelbar am Kraft- oder Drucksensor 4 abgestützt ist. Mit ihrem anderen Ende kann die Tellerfeder an dem Magnetkern 9 des Steuerventils 2 abgestützt sein und demnach zugleich der axialen Vorspannung des Magnetkerns 9 dienen. Weitere bevorzugte Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung sind in den Fig. 3a und 3b dargestellt. Im Unterschied zu den Ausführungsbeispielen der Fig. 2a und 2b ist hier zwischen dem Kraftübertragungsglied 11 bzw. dem Ankerbolzen 12 und dem Kraft- oder Drucksensor 4 eine Kraftverteilungsplatte 13 angeordnet. Das Kraftübertragungsglied 1 1 bzw. der Ankerbolzen 12 liegt demnach nicht unmittelbar am Kraft- oder Drucksensor 4 an. Darüber hinaus ist auch das Vorspannelement 7 nicht unmittelbar sondern mittelbar über die Kraftverteilungsplatte 13 am Kraft- oder Drucksensor 4 abgestützt. Das Vorspannelement 7 kann wiederum als Schraubendruckfeder (Fig. 3a) oder als Tellerfeder (Fig. 3b) ausgebildet sein. Unabhängig von der konkreten Ausführungsform dient das Vorspannelement 7 zugleich der Lagefixierung der Kraftverteilungsplatte 13, so dass das Vorspannelement 7 mehrere Funktionen übernimmt. Darüber hinaus kann das Vorspannelement 7 in Abhängigkeit von der Ausbildung als Schraubendruckfeder oder als Tellerfeder wiederum als Ankerfeder oder zur axialen Vorspannung des Magnetkerns 9 eingesetzt werden. Insoweit können auch bereits vorhandene Bauteile - ggf. nach geringfügiger Modifizierung - als Vorspannelement 7 verwendet werden. Dies wirkt sich besonders günstig auf die Herstellungskosten eines erfindungsgemäßen Kraftstoff! njektors aus. A modification of the embodiment of Fig. 2a is shown in Fig. 2b. Here, the biasing member 7 is formed as a plate spring, which in turn is supported directly on the force or pressure sensor 4. With its other end, the plate spring can be supported on the magnetic core 9 of the control valve 2 and therefore at the same time serve for the axial bias of the magnetic core 9. Further preferred embodiments of the invention are shown in Figs. 3a and 3b. In contrast to the embodiments of FIGS. 2 a and 2 b, a force distribution plate 13 is arranged here between the force transmission member 11 or the anchor bolt 12 and the force or pressure sensor 4. The power transmission member 1 1 and the anchor bolt 12 is therefore not directly on the force or pressure sensor 4 on. In addition, the biasing member 7 is not directly but indirectly supported via the force distribution plate 13 on the force or pressure sensor 4. The biasing element 7 can in turn be designed as a helical compression spring (FIG. 3 a) or as a plate spring (FIG. 3 b). Regardless of the specific embodiment, the biasing element 7 also serves to fix the position of the force distribution plate 13, so that the biasing element 7 performs several functions. In addition, the biasing element 7, in turn, depending on the design as a helical compression spring or as a plate spring can be used as an anchor spring or for axial prestressing of the magnetic core 9. In that regard, even existing components - possibly after minor modification - can be used as a biasing element 7. This has a particularly favorable effect on the production costs of a fuel according to the invention! Njektors.

Claims

Ansprüche claims
1. Kraftstoffinjektor zum Einspritzen von Kraftstoff in den Brennraum einer Brennkraftmaschine umfassend eine hubbewegliche Düsennadel (1), über deren Hubbewegung wenigstens eine Einspritzöffnung (5) freigebbar oder verschließbar ist, und ein Steuerventil (2) zum Steuern der Hubbewegung der Düsennadel (1), indem in Abhängigkeit von der jeweiligen Schaltstellung des Steuerventils (2) ein die Düsennadel (1) in Schließrichtung beaufschlagender hydraulischer Druck in einem Steuerraum (3) verändert wird, sowie einen Kraft- oder Drucksensor (4) mit wenigstens einem Sensorelement aus einem piezoelektrischem Material zum Erfassen charakteristischer Druckänderungen beim Öffnen und Schließen der Düsennadel, 1. A fuel injector for injecting fuel into the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine comprising a liftable nozzle needle (1), via the lifting movement at least one injection port (5) is releasable or closable, and a control valve (2) for controlling the lifting movement of the nozzle needle (1), in that in dependence on the respective switching position of the control valve (2) a hydraulic pressure in a control chamber (3) acting on the nozzle needle (1) in the closing direction is changed, and a force or pressure sensor (4) with at least one sensor element of a piezoelectric material for Detecting characteristic pressure changes during opening and closing of the nozzle needle,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Kraft- oder Drucksensor (4) in einem Niederdruckbereich (6) des Kraftstoff! njektors angeordnet und zumindest beim Schließen der Düsennadel (2) unmittelbar oder mittelbar mit einer Axialkraft beaufschlagbar ist, die proportional zum hydraulischen Druck im Steuerraum (3) ist, wobei der Kraft- oder Drucksensor (4) ferner unmittelbar oder mittelbar durch ein Vorspannelement (7) gegenüber einer Abstützplatte (8) oder einem Gehäuseteil (26) axial vorgespannt ist.  characterized in that the force or pressure sensor (4) in a low pressure region (6) of the fuel! Njektors arranged and at least when closing the nozzle needle (2) directly or indirectly acted upon by an axial force which is proportional to the hydraulic pressure in the control chamber (3), wherein the force or pressure sensor (4) further directly or indirectly by a biasing member (7 ) is biased axially relative to a support plate (8) or a housing part (26).
2. Kraftstoff! njektor nach Anspruch 1 , 2. Fuel! A nudger according to claim 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Steuerventil (2) als Magnetventil ausgebildet ist und/oder das Vorspannelement (7) Bestandteil des Steuerventils (2) ist.  characterized in that the control valve (2) is designed as a solenoid valve and / or the biasing element (7) is part of the control valve (2).
3. Kraftstoff! njektor nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, 3. Fuel! Ajector according to claim 1 or 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Steuerventil (2) einen Magnetkern (9) umfasst, der mittels eines Vorspannelementes (7) axial vorgespannt ist.  characterized in that the control valve (2) comprises a magnetic core (9) which is axially biased by means of a biasing element (7).
Kraftstoff! njektor nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, Fuel! Ajector according to one of the preceding claims,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Steuerventil (2) ein axial bewegliches Ankerelement (10) umfasst, das mittels eines Vorspannelementes (7) axial vorgespannt ist.  characterized in that the control valve (2) comprises an axially movable anchor element (10) which is axially biased by means of a biasing element (7).
Kraftstoff! njektor nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, Fuel! Ajector according to one of the preceding claims,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Vorspannelement (7) als Schraubendruckfeder oder Tellerfeder ausgebildet ist.  characterized in that the biasing element (7) is designed as a helical compression spring or disc spring.
Kraftstoff! njektor nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, Fuel! Ajector according to one of the preceding claims,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Kraft- oder Drucksensor (4) unmittelbar oder mittelbar über ein axial verschiebbares Kraftübertragungsglied (1 1) von einer Axialkraft beaufschlagbar ist, die proportional zum hydraulischen Druck im Steuerraum (3) ist.  characterized in that the force or pressure sensor (4) directly or indirectly via an axially displaceable power transmission member (1 1) can be acted upon by an axial force which is proportional to the hydraulic pressure in the control chamber (3).
7. Kraftstoff! njektor nach Anspruch 6, 7. Fuel! A nudger according to claim 6,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Kraftübertragungsglied (1 1) ein das Ankerelement (10) durchsetzender Ankerbolzen (12) ist.  characterized in that the force transmission member (1 1) is an anchor member (10) passing through the anchor bolt (12).
8. Kraftstoff! njektor nach Anspruch 6 oder 7, 8. Fuel! Ajector according to claim 6 or 7,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zwischen dem Kraftübertragungsglied (1 1) und dem Kraft- oder Drucksensor (4) eine Kraftverteilungsplatte (13) angeordnet ist.  characterized in that between the force transmission member (1 1) and the force or pressure sensor (4) a force distribution plate (13) is arranged.
EP12714655.3A 2011-04-07 2012-04-05 Fuel injector Active EP2694795B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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DE102011006975 2011-04-07
DE102011078953A DE102011078953A1 (en) 2011-04-07 2011-07-11 fuel injector
PCT/EP2012/056286 WO2012136767A1 (en) 2011-04-07 2012-04-05 Fuel injector

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EP (2) EP2694794B1 (en)
JP (1) JP6265884B2 (en)
CN (2) CN103477063B (en)
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2012136406A1 (en) 2012-10-11
DE102011078947A1 (en) 2012-10-11
JP6265884B2 (en) 2018-01-24
CN103459820A (en) 2013-12-18
EP2694794B1 (en) 2019-04-24
US20140027534A1 (en) 2014-01-30
CN103477063B (en) 2018-03-13
CN103477063A (en) 2013-12-25
JP2014510233A (en) 2014-04-24
DE102011078953A1 (en) 2012-10-11
EP2694795B1 (en) 2015-07-01
EP2694794A1 (en) 2014-02-12
CN103459820B (en) 2017-02-15
WO2012136767A1 (en) 2012-10-11

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