EP2694296B1 - Caractéristique de sécurité optiquement variable - Google Patents

Caractéristique de sécurité optiquement variable Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2694296B1
EP2694296B1 EP12714619.9A EP12714619A EP2694296B1 EP 2694296 B1 EP2694296 B1 EP 2694296B1 EP 12714619 A EP12714619 A EP 12714619A EP 2694296 B1 EP2694296 B1 EP 2694296B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
printing
line structure
line
lines
raised
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP12714619.9A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2694296A1 (fr
Inventor
Roland Grötzner
Sebastian Baur
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Schreiner Group GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Schreiner Group GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by Schreiner Group GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Schreiner Group GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP2694296A1 publication Critical patent/EP2694296A1/fr
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M3/00—Printing processes to produce particular kinds of printed work, e.g. patterns
    • B41M3/14—Security printing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/36—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery comprising special materials
    • B42D25/378—Special inks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D15/00—Printed matter of special format or style not otherwise provided for
    • B42D15/0073—Printed matter of special format or style not otherwise provided for characterised by shape or material of the sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/20—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof characterised by a particular use or purpose
    • B42D25/29—Securities; Bank notes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/324—Reliefs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M3/00—Printing processes to produce particular kinds of printed work, e.g. patterns
    • B41M3/14—Security printing
    • B41M3/148—Transitory images, i.e. images only visible from certain viewing angles

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a printed product with a security element and a method for producing such a printed product with a security element.
  • the invention relates in particular to the production of a printed product with a forgery-proof optical element which, if possible, cannot be copied by an alleged forger without the copy being recognizable.
  • the copy is also a product that is used in a safety-relevant area, such as a spare part for a vehicle brake or the like, there is also a considerable risk to life and limb for the buyer of such an inferior copy.
  • Such an optical security feature is, for example, a hologram that is applied to a product or to the packaging of a product.
  • holograms are relatively expensive to produce.
  • an alleged counterfeiter it would also be possible for an alleged counterfeiter to have access to a certain number of such holograms, who can then attach them to his copies.
  • latent image Another security feature that is easily perceptible optically is a so-called "latent image”.
  • this means a security feature applied by printing that gives a different optical impression depending on the orientation of the viewing angle and incidence of light.
  • a printing process preferably intaglio printing, simultaneously produces a relief-like surface structure in addition to the application of color.
  • Areas with a large number of lines running in parallel are created in the relief, with there being in principle two different types of areas which differ in the orientation of the lines running in parallel.
  • the lines of one area are perpendicular to the lines of the other area.
  • one or the other area appears brighter. If the orientation of this latent image is changed, this effect is reversed and the area that originally appeared light suddenly becomes the darker area.
  • the difference in brightness results from the different shadows cast by the line structures, which are aligned transversely to the incidence of light.
  • optically variable colors with a tilting effect.
  • These are printing inks with special color pigments that create a different color impression depending on the viewing angle.
  • the variations in the perceived color impression are primarily based on interference caused by the special pigments in the printing ink.
  • the document U.S. 2004/195823 A1 discloses a background image portion and at least one message image portion printed on a surface of a base member.
  • the background image part has a first line drawing arranged in a first direction and printed with a specular gloss ink to have an ink layer thickness.
  • the message image part has a second line drawing arranged in a second direction and printed with the ink having the specular gloss to maintain the ink layer thickness.
  • a printed product with an optical security feature which comprises a printing material on which a first line structure of a plurality of raised parallel running parallel to the printing material are applied in a screen printing process and one of the first line structure different possess alignment; wherein the printing ink for printing the first line structure contains color pigments with a tilting effect, wherein the ratio of line spacing, which relates to the distance between two immediately adjacent line centers, to the line width of the raised lines of the first line structure is at least 1.5, that the first and the second line structure has a height of at least 5 microns, that the printing ink for printing the first line structure contains at least 30 percent by weight of color pigments with a tipping effect, and that the printed product also has at least partial background printing on the printing material, with the first and the second line structure being printed on the background printing and with the background printing having a dark, preferably black color is executed.
  • a method for producing a printed product with an optical security feature comprises the following steps: providing a printing material;screen printing a first line structure from a plurality of raised, mutually parallel, spaced lines, wherein the printing ink for printing the first line structure contains color pigments with a tipping effect;screen printing a second line structure consisting of a plurality of raised, mutually parallel, spaced lines, wherein the first line structure is formed in such a way that the ratio of line spacing, which affects the distance between two immediately adjacent line centers relates to the line width of the raised lines of the first line structure is at least 1.5, that the first and the second line structure have a height of at least 5 micrometers, that the printing ink for printing the first line structure contains at least 30 percent by weight color pigments contains a tilting effect, and that the printed product also has at least partial background printing on the printing material, the first and the second line structure being printed on the background printing and the background printing being executed with a dark, preferably black color.
  • the security feature according to the invention should be able to be produced in a single work step.
  • the "latent image" security feature is modified in such a way that it can be produced with an alternative printing method instead of the conventionally used intaglio printing.
  • a relief-like structure is not pressed into the printing material itself, but rather the required differences in height are placed on the printing material by means of a printing ink that is applied in a raised manner.
  • pigments with a color shift effect are added to the printing ink. In this way, two independent optical security features are firmly connected.
  • the printing ink for printing the second line structure preferably also contains color pigments with a tilting effect.
  • the security feature has an additional security aspect in the entire area of the latent image due to the tilting effect of the optically variable color used.
  • At least partial background printing is first applied to the printing material. At least one of the first or the second line structure is then printed onto this background printing. Both line structures, the first and the second line structure, are preferably printed onto the background printing. In this way, on the one hand, the contrast and thus the tilting effect of the latent image can be significantly increased.
  • background printing also enables the surface of the printing material to be refined, so that the line structures can be printed with significantly better quality. According to the invention, dark colors such as black are used.
  • the first and the second line structure preferably have a height of at least 10 micrometers. The higher the printed lines of the first and second line structures are, the better the tilting effect of the latent image is.
  • the printing varnish for the first and the second line structure is cured after printing. Curing by thermal, ultraviolet or infrared radiation has proven to be particularly advantageous.
  • the printed product comprises at least a third line structure made up of a plurality of raised lines running parallel to one another, which are applied to the printing material in a printing process.
  • the third line structure has a different alignment from the first and the second line structure.
  • the printing ink for printing the first line structure contains at least 30 percent by weight of color pigments with a tilting effect, a high quality of the impression of the optically variable colors can be guaranteed with the security feature according to the invention.
  • FIG 1 shows schematically the basic structure of the security feature "latent image" as it is implemented in the method according to the invention.
  • a label is shown which is provided with a security feature.
  • a plurality of raised lines 11 are applied to a printing material 1 in the left-hand area 10 .
  • the lines 11 in this area are horizontal.
  • several raised lines 21 are also applied. These lines 21 are vertical.
  • the orientation of line 11 is offset by 90° to the orientation of lines 21.
  • figure 2 shows schematically a section along the line 1-1 'through such in figure 1 shown structure.
  • the raised structure of the lines can be clearly seen.
  • the structure is illuminated by a light source from direction B, the spaces between the lines 11 appear rather light, while the spaces between the lines 21 appear rather dark.
  • the optical impression in the areas 10 and 20 therefore varies depending on the incidence of light and viewing direction.
  • the raised line structures 11 and 21 are printed on the printing material 1 in the method according to the invention printed in relief.
  • all printing methods that can apply a corresponding printing ink in the required thickness to the printing material 1 are suitable for this purpose.
  • Application by screen printing has proven to be inventive here.
  • the lines 11 of the area 10 are applied to the printing material 1 in a first printing process, for example.
  • the lines 21 of the area 20 are then subsequently applied to the printing material 1 in a further second printing process.
  • the printing processes differ, for example, in the orientation of the measures with which the raised structures are produced.
  • Line heights of preferably at least 5 to 10 ⁇ m, or preferably at least 30 ⁇ m, have been found to achieve a readily perceptible optical change when varying the incidence of light and the viewing angle. Line heights of up to 100 ⁇ m would be desirable, but are very difficult to achieve with the methods that are technically available today.
  • all colors with which a desired line height can be achieved can be used as printing ink for the production of such raised line structures 11 and 21 .
  • the ink for raised lines 11 and 21 is runny or at least viscous in process.
  • the printed lines 11 and 21 should harden as quickly as possible.
  • Methods in which a corresponding printing ink is activated after printing are particularly suitable for this purpose, so that a chemical or physical curing is initiated.
  • the printing ink can be irradiated with microwave rays, for example infrared or ultraviolet light, and curing can take place as a result. Since no substances are generally released into the environment during this process, the volume of the lines printed is also not reduced, which has an advantageous effect on the desired maximum possible height of the lines.
  • color pigments with a so-called tilting effect are additionally added to the printing ink for producing the raised lines 11 and 21 for a security feature according to the invention.
  • These color pigments with a tilting effect which are used to produce so-called optically variable colors, are small, multi-layered platelets. If light hits such a small plate, the light is partly reflected and partly transmitted at the individual layers. In the interaction with the individual light components, which are thus reflected on different layers of a small plate, interferences arise that lead to variable color impressions depending on the viewing angle. Depending on the structure of the individual plates, the changing color impression varies.
  • the quality of the security feature increases even if only some of the raised lines contain the color pigments with a tilting effect.
  • the lines 11 of an area 10 are provided with such color pigments, and the lines 21 of another area 20 are printed with a color without such special optically variable color pigments.
  • all of the raised lines 11 and 21 it is also possible for all of the raised lines 11 and 21 to be produced with a printing ink that contains the corresponding color pigments.
  • the relatively large height of the raised lines 11 and 21 for the construction of the latent image proves to be particularly advantageous for the effect of the optically variable colors.
  • the effect of the optically variable colors also becomes more apparent the higher the color application.
  • the distance D of the individual lines 11 or 21 from one another and also the width LW of the individual lines depend on the character of the image to be displayed. Due to the different requirements resulting from the constraints of the two security features latent image and optically variable color, as well as the general conditions for printing the raised structures, partially opposing conditions have to be taken into account.
  • the distance D between the lines is, for example, the distance between two repeating structures of the lines that correspond to one another, for example the distance between the line centers of two directly adjacent lines.
  • small line widths are advantageous for a latent image that is as clear as possible, while larger line widths are desirable for a reproduction by printing.
  • a security feature according to the invention In order to generate a security feature according to the invention from a latent image and optically variable ink, it has proven to be particularly suitable for production by printing technology to select a line width LW of at least 130 ⁇ m.
  • the ratio of line spacing D to line width LW is designed in such a way that a value of at least 1.5 is not fallen below. This means that the distance D should be at least 195 ⁇ m for the minimum desired line width LW of 130 ⁇ m.
  • the actual specifications of the structure can vary depending on the size and content of the security feature.
  • any printable material is suitable as the printing material on which the above-described raised lines 11 and 21 are printed. It is a particular advantage if the material for the printing material 1 has a surface that is as smooth as possible. The printing material 1 should also absorb as little of the printing ink as possible, so that at best the entire volume of the applied printing ink is available for the raised line structures 11 and 21 on the surface of the printing material 1. A highly absorbent substrate would absorb a significant part of the printed color, which means that less color substance would be available for the formation of the raised line structures of the latent image.
  • plastic films of any kind such as those made from polyethylene or polyvinyl chloride, are very well suited as printing materials or as substrates to be printed or substrates to be printed.
  • plastic films which have the properties described above are also suitable for printing with the security feature according to the invention.
  • papers, in particular papers with a coated surface are also very suitable.
  • the surface of the printing material 1 is also coated with background printing 30 .
  • background printing 30 A corresponding structure with background printing 30 is in figure 3 shown.
  • a dark color for example dark blue or red
  • Background printing in black has also proven particularly advantageous.
  • the background printing 30 preferably has a matt or matt-glossy character.
  • the surface of the printing material 1 can also be finished at the same time. This means that even initially relatively rough surfaces of a printing material are given a smooth surface by the coating, and it is therefore very easy to print the raised lines 11 and 21. Furthermore, by applying surface printing, the suction effect of the printing material can also be reduced, which has a positive effect on the expected line height of the printed lines.
  • the raised lines 11 and 21 are aligned perpendicularly to one another, i.e. they extend at least approximately at a 90° angle to one another.
  • the effect of a latent image can also be achieved with lines that are at an angle other than 90° to each other. For example, lines that run at an angle of approximately 60° or 45° to one another would also be possible.
  • FIG. 13 shows another embodiment in which the latent image is built up from three raised line groups 111, 121 and 131.
  • latent images with the three line groups shown here or even more are possible. As a result, a far greater variability of the tilting effect is achieved and a higher security level of the security feature according to the invention is achieved.
  • Line group 111 has a parallel raised line orientation in which all lines are at an acute angle to a reference line, such as a horizontally oriented line. The angle is 45°, for example.
  • Line group 121 comprises a number of parallel raised lines perpendicular to the reference line.
  • the group of lines 131 comprises a number of raised lines running parallel to one another and having an obtuse angle to said reference line, for example 135°.
  • Either all line groups 11, 21 and 31 or 111, 121, 131 can be produced from printing inks with optically variable color pigments, or only one or two of the line groups are provided with such color pigments.
  • the security level of the security feature generated in this way can be significantly increased through the use of the optically variable color pigments with a tilting effect.
  • the line group 211 is completely surrounded by the line group 221 on three of its sides, namely from above, from the right and from below with regard to the plane of the drawing. Only the edge of the line group 221 shown on the left is free and not surrounded by the line group 211 .
  • the line group 211 (not shown) completely around from is surrounded on all sides by lines of line group 221.
  • the orientation of the lines of the first group of lines 211 to the lines of the second group of lines 212 is in figure 5 determine that the lines of one group are perpendicular to the orientation of the lines of the second group.
  • the lines of line group 221 run along a strip-like course within the lines of line group 211.
  • the strip for the lines of line group 221 begins at the top right, then runs to the left, is guided in a right-pointing arc, so that the orientation is almost reversed and the stripe again runs to the right to the edge of the latent image.
  • the lines of the line group 221 are arranged parallel to one another.
  • the present invention relates to an overt optical security feature with a high security standard that can be produced relatively easily in a technical production process.
  • the security features of optically variable inks with a tilting effect and the properties of a latent image are combined and intertwined.
  • the security feature can be implemented cost-effectively but with a very high security standard.
  • the security feature produced in this way can be easily verified by any person at any time without additional aids.

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Claims (11)

  1. Produit imprimé présentant une caractéristique de sécurité optique, comprenant :
    un support d'impression ;
    une première structure de lignes composée d'une pluralité de lignes en relief, parallèles les unes aux autres et distantes les unes des autres, qui sont appliquées sur le support d'impression dans un procédé d'impression en sérigraphie ; et
    une deuxième structure de lignes composée d'une pluralité de lignes en relief, parallèles les unes aux autres et distantes les unes des autres, qui sont appliquées sur le support d'impression dans un procédé d'impression en sérigraphie et présentent une orientation différente de la première structure de lignes ;
    sachant que la couleur d'impression pour l'impression de la première structure de lignes contient des pigments de couleur avec un effet d'image latente, sachant que le rapport de la distance de lignes, qui se rapporte à la distance entre deux centres de ligne directement adjacents, à la largeur de ligne des lignes en relief de la première structure de lignes est d'au moins 1,5, la première et la deuxième structure de lignes présentent une hauteur d'au moins 5 micromètres, la couleur d'impression pour l'impression de la première structure de lignes contient au moins 30 pour cent en poids de pigments de couleur avec un effet d'image latente, et le produit imprimé présente en outre une impression d'arrière-plan au moins partiellement surfacique sur le support d'impression, sachant que la première et la deuxième structure de lignes sont imprimées sur l'impression d'arrière-plan et sachant que l'impression d'arrière-plan est exécutée avec une couleur sombre, de préférence noire.
  2. Produit imprimé selon la revendication 1, sachant que la couleur d'impression pour l'impression de la deuxième structure de lignes contient des pigments de couleur avec un effet d'image latente.
  3. Produit imprimé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 2, sachant que la première et la deuxième structure de lignes présentent une hauteur d'au moins 10 micromètres.
  4. Produit imprimé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, sachant que la première et la deuxième structure de lignes sont appliquées avec un vernis d'impression et le vernis d'impression est durci par un rayonnement.
  5. Produit imprimé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, lequel comprend en outre au moins une troisième structure de lignes composée d'une pluralité de lignes en relief, parallèles les unes aux autres, qui sont appliquées sur le support d'impression dans un procédé d'impression en sérigraphie, sachant que la troisième structure de lignes présente une orientation différente de la première et de la deuxième structure de lignes.
  6. Produit imprimé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, sachant que les lignes en relief de la première structure de lignes présentent au moins une largeur de 130 micromètres.
  7. Procédé de fabrication d'un produit imprimé présentant une caractéristique de sécurité optique, qui comprend les étapes suivantes :
    mise à disposition d'un support d'impression ;
    impression en sérigraphie d'une première structure de lignes composée d'une pluralité de lignes en relief, parallèles les unes aux autres, distantes les unes des autres, sachant que la couleur d'impression pour l'impression de la première structure de lignes contient des pigments de couleur avec un effet d'image latente ;
    impression en sérigraphie d'une deuxième structure de lignes composée d'une pluralité de lignes en relief, parallèles les unes aux autres, distantes les unes des autres, sachant que la première structure de lignes est constituée de telle sorte que le rapport de la distance de lignes, qui se rapporte à la distance entre deux centres de ligne directement adjacents, à la largeur de ligne des lignes en relief de la première structure de lignes soit d'au moins 1,5, la première et la deuxième structure de lignes présentent une hauteur d'au moins 5 micromètres, la couleur d'impression pour l'impression de la première structure de lignes contienne au moins 30 pour cent en poids de pigments de couleur avec un effet d'image latente, et le produit imprimé présente en outre une impression d'arrière-plan au moins partiellement surfacique sur le support d'impression, sachant que la première et la deuxième structure de lignes sont imprimées sur l'impression d'arrière-plan et sachant que l'impression d'arrière-plan est exécutée avec une couleur sombre, de préférence noire.
  8. Procédé selon la revendication 7, sachant que la couleur d'impression pour l'impression de la deuxième structure de lignes contient des pigments de couleur avec un effet d'image latente.
  9. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 7 à 8, sachant que les étapes d'impression de la première et de la deuxième structure de lignes impriment respectivement des lignes d'une hauteur d'au moins 10 micromètres.
  10. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 7 à 9, lequel comprend en outre une étape de durcissement du vernis d'impression de la première et de la deuxième structure de lignes.
  11. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 7 à 10, lequel comprend en outre une étape d'impression d'une troisième structure de lignes composée d'une pluralité de lignes en relief, parallèles les unes aux autres, sachant que la troisième structure de lignes présente une orientation différente de la première et de la deuxième structure de lignes.
EP12714619.9A 2011-04-04 2012-03-30 Caractéristique de sécurité optiquement variable Active EP2694296B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102011016050A DE102011016050A1 (de) 2011-04-04 2011-04-04 Optisch variables Sicherheitsmerkmal
PCT/EP2012/055855 WO2012136597A1 (fr) 2011-04-04 2012-03-30 Caractéristique de sécurité optiquement variable

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Publication Number Publication Date
EP2694296A1 EP2694296A1 (fr) 2014-02-12
EP2694296B1 true EP2694296B1 (fr) 2023-04-26

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US (1) US20140049034A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2694296B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102011016050A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2012136597A1 (fr)

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DE102014115045A1 (de) * 2014-10-16 2016-04-21 Schreiner Group Gmbh & Co. Kg Druckerzeugnis mit optischem Sicherheitsmerkmal
CN104773003B (zh) * 2015-04-17 2019-12-10 中钞油墨有限公司 印有增强动态光变防伪效果图纹的承印物及其制作方法
JP6468534B2 (ja) * 2015-07-22 2019-02-13 独立行政法人 国立印刷局 真偽判別可能な情報担持体
GB2543050A (en) * 2015-10-05 2017-04-12 De La Rue Int Ltd A method of manufacturing a security sheet and a security sheet
JP6891011B2 (ja) * 2016-06-30 2021-06-18 キヤノン株式会社 画像処理装置、画像処理方法及びプログラム
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US20140049034A1 (en) 2014-02-20
EP2694296A1 (fr) 2014-02-12
DE102011016050A1 (de) 2012-10-04
WO2012136597A1 (fr) 2012-10-11

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