EP2693447A1 - Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Elektrokabels mit wasserabweisender Ummantelung - Google Patents

Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Elektrokabels mit wasserabweisender Ummantelung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2693447A1
EP2693447A1 EP13174520.0A EP13174520A EP2693447A1 EP 2693447 A1 EP2693447 A1 EP 2693447A1 EP 13174520 A EP13174520 A EP 13174520A EP 2693447 A1 EP2693447 A1 EP 2693447A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrically conductive
hydrophobic
hydrophobic coating
hydroxide layer
conductive element
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP13174520.0A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2693447B1 (de
Inventor
Rodrigue Sumera
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nexans SA
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Nexans SA
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Publication date
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Publication of EP2693447A1 publication Critical patent/EP2693447A1/de
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Publication of EP2693447B1 publication Critical patent/EP2693447B1/de
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
    • H01B7/28—Protection against damage caused by moisture, corrosion, chemical attack or weather
    • H01B7/2813—Protection against damage caused by electrical, chemical or water tree deterioration
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/02—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of inorganic substances
    • H01B3/12—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of inorganic substances ceramics
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B5/00—Non-insulated conductors or conductive bodies characterised by their form
    • H01B5/002—Auxiliary arrangements
    • H01B5/004—Auxiliary arrangements for protection against corona

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing an electric cable comprising a hydrophobic coating, and an electric cable obtained by said method.
  • the invention relates to an electric cable capable of reducing the corona effect.
  • Overhead lines are traditionally made up of one or more bare electrical conductors, stretched over an appropriate set of towers. These lines are conventionally intended for the transport of electrical energy under an alternating high voltage (225 to 800 kV). Each electrical conductor has a diameter of a few centimeters and can be composed of several assembled metal son. Along the bare electric conductor, there is always an effect called corona effect. The corona effect indeed occurs on all electrical conductors and overhead lines, subjected to high voltage.
  • the air ionizes and forms around the electrical conductor a luminous crown.
  • the electrical conductor In the operational configuration of the electrical conductor, one of the consequences of the corona effect is the production of noise when the driver is wet. Therefore, the electrical conductor can become a source of significant discomfort and inconvenience for those who are or remain in the vicinity of this type of driver. Indeed, under these conditions, the conductivity of the air increases, and because of this, it produces a more intense and more effective ionization.
  • the corona effect also causes energy losses and can cause health risks related to electromagnetic radiation, acoustic noise and power losses.
  • one solution is to make the surface of the electrical conductor hydrophobic.
  • the hydrophobicity of the surface makes it possible to prevent water retention at the level of the electrical conductor in order to reduce for example the formation of frost or the deposition of asperities on the outer surface of the electrical conductor, and thus to limit the phenomenon of effect crowned.
  • WO 2006/072648 proposes to surround an aluminum electrical conductor with a hydrophobic plastic coating such as a polymer wax, obtained by atomization.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the drawbacks of the techniques of the prior art by proposing in particular a method of manufacturing an electrical cable comprising a hydrophobic coating to guarantee a significantly diminished corona effect while being easy to put implemented and having good stability over time.
  • a hydrophobic coating can be easily formed around the surface of at least one electrically elongated conductor, while having a very good long-term chemical stability not requiring in particular surface reprocessing.
  • the corona effect of the electric cable thus formed advantageously decreases significantly.
  • hydrophobic means a coating or a layer whose surface has a contact angle (or drop angle) strictly greater than 90 °, and preferably at least 110 °.
  • the measurement of the contact angle accounts for the ability of a liquid to spread over a surface by wettability.
  • the method consists in measuring the angle of the tangent of the profile of a drop deposited on the coating or the layer, with the surface of the coating or of the layer.
  • This contact angle is typically measured using a goniometer at 25 ° C using distilled water.
  • the porous alumina hydroxide layer surrounding the elongated electrically conductive member is preferably a layer that is in direct physical contact with the elongate electrically conductive member.
  • the electrical cable thus formed does not preferably comprise a layer interposed between the porous alumina hydroxide layer and the electrically conductive element.
  • step i is an anodizing step, especially when the elongated electrically conductive element is an aluminum or aluminum alloy element.
  • Anodizing is a surface treatment (of conversion type) which makes it possible to form, by anodic oxidation, from the electrically conductive element, the alumina hydroxide layer. Thus, the anodizing will consume a portion of the electrically conductive element to form said alumina hydroxide layer.
  • the alumina hydroxide layer is formed from the surface of the electrically conductive element towards the core of said electrically conductive element, unlike an electrolytic deposition.
  • Anodizing is conventionally based on the principle of electrolysis of water. It consists of immersing the electrically conductive element in an anodizing bath, said electrically conductive element being placed at the positive pole of a DC generator.
  • the anodizing bath is more particularly an acid bath, preferably a phosphoric acid bath or a sulfuric acid bath. These are respectively phosphoric anodizing or sulfuric anodizing.
  • the current density applied for the anodization may be at most 10 A / dm 2 , preferably may be 0, 5 to 6 A / dm 2 , and particularly preferably may range from 1 to 4 A / dm 2 .
  • Said pores may be ordered or unordered pores.
  • step ii is a step in which the elongated electrically conductive member coated with said porous alumina hydroxide layer may be immersed in a solution of said hydrophobic material.
  • the hydrophobic material may be chosen from fluorinated polymers, such as, for example, a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), esters and fatty acids, or a mixture thereof.
  • fluorinated polymers such as, for example, a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), esters and fatty acids, or a mixture thereof.
  • the pores of the porous alumina hydroxide layer are preferably not completely filled with the hydrophobic material.
  • the hydrophobic material does not completely cover the alumina hydroxide layer. porous. Indeed, it is not necessary to fill the pores completely for several reasons.
  • the first reason is the saving of hydrophobic material that can be achieved.
  • the second reason is with regard to the dissolution step iii which can lead to dissolving, in addition to the porous alumina layer, the hydrophobic material.
  • the third reason is that, even if the drop angle is well above 90 °, thus proving the hydrophobic character of the coating, the drop is said to be "sticky” because it tends to adhere to the surface of the hydrophobic coating.
  • the person skilled in the art will be able to play on various parameters, such as the particle size or the size of the powder of the hydrophobic material, the concentration of the hydrophobic material in the solution, the temperature of the solution, the impregnation time, in order to fulfill the least partially said pores, and in particular so as not to fill them completely.
  • the hydrophobic material When the hydrophobic material completely fills the pores, it means in particular that said pores are filled homogeneously with a more than 90% filling of the pore volume by the hydrophobic material, and preferably 100% of the pore volume by the hydrophobic material.
  • the hydrophobic coating formed is in particular an alumina hydroxide layer comprising on its surface protuberances (i.e. protuberances) of said hydrophobic material.
  • the alumina hydroxide is dissolved partially, but not completely, in order to keep enough alumina hydroxide in order to ensure good adhesion of the hydrophobic material to the alumina hydroxide.
  • electrically conductive element thanks to the layer of alumina hydroxide.
  • the dissolution of the alumina hydroxide is also sufficient to obtain the hydrophobic properties of the hydrophobic coating, so as to obtain a coating with a contact angle strictly greater than 90 ° (measured using a goniometer, at 25 ° C, with distilled water). More particularly, the dissolution of the alumina hydroxide in step iii is sufficient to allow the hydrophobic material to form protuberances flush with the surface of the hydrophobic coating.
  • step iii is a step in which the porous alumina hydroxide layer is dissolved in an acidic solution.
  • Those skilled in the art may vary the acid concentration of said solution and the temperature of said solution to affect the dissolution kinetics of the porous layer.
  • acid solution of a solution comprising chromic acid and phosphoric acid.
  • the hydrophobic coating of the electric cable of the invention is the most outside the electrical cable. This coating is therefore in direct contact with the external environment of the electric cable.
  • the electrical cable formed in step iii preferably has no element surrounding the hydrophobic coating.
  • It may preferably be metal, especially based on aluminum, namely either only aluminum or aluminum alloy such as for example aluminum alloy and zirconium.
  • Aluminum or aluminum alloy has the advantage of having a significantly optimized electrical conductivity / specific weight pair, particularly with respect to copper.
  • the electrically conductive element of the invention may conventionally be an assembly of wires (or strands) of metal whose cross section may be of round shape or not, or a combination of both. When they are not round, the cross section of these son may be for example of trapezoidal shape or "Z" shape.
  • the different types of form are defined in IEC 62219.
  • the electrically conductive element may be positioned preferentially in the center of the electric cable or coaxially with the longitudinal axis of the electric cable.
  • the elongated electrically conductive element has not undergone treatment intended to structurally modify the state of its outer surface, in particular to increase the surface roughness, prior to step i.
  • a treatment intended to structurally modify the state of its external surface a physical etching such as the application by press of a pattern, directly on the outer surface of said conductive electrical element, or an etching chemical such as oxidative etching.
  • step a and step b can be performed concomitantly.
  • the method of the invention may comprise said three steps a, b and c, step c being performed after steps a and b.
  • the purpose of the degreasing step is to eliminate the various bodies and particles contained in the greases that may be present on the surface of the elongated electrically conductive element.
  • the degreasing step a may be carried out by at least partially immersing the electrically conductive element in a solution comprising at least one surfactant as a degreasing agent.
  • the pickling step serves to remove oxides that may be present on the surface of the elongate electrically conductive member.
  • a chemical etching consisting in removing the oxides by dissolution, or even bursting of the oxide layer, without attacking the material of the underlying electrically conductive element.
  • the stripping step b may be carried out by at least partially immersing the electrically conductive element in a solution comprising a base as a stripping agent.
  • step a and step b are performed concomitantly, a single solution comprising a degreasing agent and a etchant may be used to both etch and degrease the electrically conductive element.
  • the neutralization step makes it possible to condition the electrically conductive element, before the deposition of step i is carried out.
  • step c of neutralization consists in conditioning the electrically conductive element by plunging it at least partially into a solution identical to the anodizing bath provided in step i in order to put the surface of the electrically conductive element at the same pH as the anodizing bath of step i.
  • the neutralization step c can be carried out by at least partially immersing the electrically conductive element in a solution comprising an acid as neutralizing agent.
  • Another object of the invention is an electric cable obtained from the method as described above.
  • the electrical cable of the invention comprises at least one elongated electrically conductive element, surrounded by a hydrophobic coating, characterized in that the hydrophobic coating is an alumina hydroxide layer comprising on its surface protuberances (ie protrusions) of said hydrophobic material.
  • the hydrophobic material does not completely cover the alumina hydroxide layer.
  • the electric cable according to the invention may have an apparent diameter (i.e. outer diameter) ranging from 10 to 100 mm.
  • the electrical cable of the invention may be more particularly a high-voltage electrical transmission cable, in particular of high-voltage overhead line (OHL) type of at least 225 kV and up to 800 kV. This type of cable is usually stretched between two pylons.
  • OTL overhead line
  • the electrical cable of the invention may comprise an elongated central element of the electrically conductive element type and / or reinforcement element, this elongated central element being surrounded by a first elongated element of the elongated electrically conductive element type surrounded by the hydrophobic coating according to the present invention.
  • the electrical cable may comprise a second element of the elongated electrically conductive element, positioned between the central element and the first element: the first element then surrounds the second element.
  • the element or elements surrounding the elongated central element may be positioned coaxially around said elongate central element.
  • the figure 1 illustrates the schematic representation of the succession of steps i, ii and iii, of the method of the invention.
  • an aluminum wire with a diameter of 3 mm will be anodized (step i) by forming an alumina hydroxide layer all around said wire, by phosphoric anodization (8-30% by weight). phosphoric acid in distilled water) at room temperature (ie 25 ° C), under the application of a current density of between 1 and 4 A / dm 2 .
  • the aluminum wire obtained is thus covered with a layer of porous alumina hydroxide. This coated aluminum wire is shown in cross-section on the figure 2 .
  • the hydrophobic material (step ii) will be implanted in the pores of the porous alumina hydroxide layer by dipping the aluminum wire coated with said porous alumina hydroxide layer in a solution of PTFE ( 1-5% by weight of PTFE in distilled water) at room temperature (ie 25 ° C) for 15 minutes.
  • PTFE 1-5% by weight of PTFE in distilled water
  • porous alumina hydroxide layer will be partially dissolved (ie not completely) by immersing the wire obtained in the previous step (see step ii) in an acidic solution comprising acid.
  • phosphoric acid (3-6% by weight of phosphoric acid in distilled water) and chromic acid (1-2% by weight of chromic acid in distilled water) at a temperature of between 30 and 60 ° C, the dissolution rate being 0.5 ⁇ m / min at 30 ° C, to form a hydrophobic coating.
  • the surface of the hydrophobic coating obtained has contact angles of the order of 130-140 °, measured with distilled water using a goniometer, at 25 ° C.
  • step i it is preferable first of all to strip and degrease said aluminum conductive wire (step not shown), by immersing it in a solution of soda and surfactants such as, for example the GARDOCLEAN referenced solution marketed by CHEMETALL (30-50 g / L sodium hydroxide) at 40-60 ° C for 30 seconds. Then, the conductive wire is immersed in a solution of sulfuric acid (20% by weight of sulfuric acid in distilled water) for the neutralization step (step not shown), at ambient temperature (ie 25 ° C. ) for 10 seconds.
  • soda and surfactants such as, for example the GARDOCLEAN referenced solution marketed by CHEMETALL (30-50 g / L sodium hydroxide) at 40-60 ° C for 30 seconds.
  • the conductive wire is immersed in a solution of sulfuric acid (20% by weight of sulfuric acid in distilled water) for the neutralization step (step not shown), at ambient temperature (ie 25 ° C. ) for 10 seconds.
  • the figure 3 has a cross section of an electric cable 10a obtained according to the method of the invention, wherein the elongated electrically conductive element 1 is covered with said hydrophobic coating 4.
  • This hydrophobic coating 4 comprises a layer of alumina hydroxide 2 and protuberances of hydrophobic material 3 flush with the surface of said layer of alumina hydroxide 2.
  • the figure 4 represents for its part another electric cable 10b of OHL type, obtained according to the method of the invention.
  • This OHL cable comprises a first elongated electrically conductive element 1 covered by said hydrophobic coating 4.
  • This hydrophobic coating 4 comprises a layer of alumina hydroxide 2 and protrusions of hydrophobic material 3 flush with the surface of said hydroxide layer. alumina 2.
  • the electrical cable 10b comprises an electrically conductive and / or reinforcing elongated central element 5, surrounded by a second elongate electrically conductive element 6, the first element 1 surrounding the second element 6.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
  • Insulated Conductors (AREA)
EP20130174520 2012-08-02 2013-07-01 Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Elektrokabels mit wasserabweisender Ummantelung Active EP2693447B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1257527A FR2994328A1 (fr) 2012-08-02 2012-08-02 Procede pour fabriquer un cable electrique comprenant un revetement hydrophobe

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2693447A1 true EP2693447A1 (de) 2014-02-05
EP2693447B1 EP2693447B1 (de) 2014-07-23

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FR (1) FR2994328A1 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2014064370A1 (fr) * 2012-10-17 2014-05-01 Nexans Fil de transport électrique en alliage d'aluminium a conductivite electrique elevee

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3961111A (en) * 1975-03-18 1976-06-01 Pennwalt Corporation Method of increasing corrosion resistance of anodized aluminum
US5091609A (en) * 1989-02-14 1992-02-25 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. Insulated wire
DE4124730A1 (de) * 1991-07-25 1993-01-28 Friebe & Reininghaus Ahc Verfahren zur einlagerung von polymeren in mikroporoese oberflaechen
WO2006072648A1 (en) 2004-12-03 2006-07-13 Valtion Teknillinen Tutkimuskeskus Method and arrangement for treating an overhead cable and an overhead cable
US20090194914A1 (en) * 2006-06-30 2009-08-06 Yoshihiro Uozu Mold, process for producing mold, and process for producing sheet

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3961111A (en) * 1975-03-18 1976-06-01 Pennwalt Corporation Method of increasing corrosion resistance of anodized aluminum
US5091609A (en) * 1989-02-14 1992-02-25 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. Insulated wire
DE4124730A1 (de) * 1991-07-25 1993-01-28 Friebe & Reininghaus Ahc Verfahren zur einlagerung von polymeren in mikroporoese oberflaechen
WO2006072648A1 (en) 2004-12-03 2006-07-13 Valtion Teknillinen Tutkimuskeskus Method and arrangement for treating an overhead cable and an overhead cable
US20090194914A1 (en) * 2006-06-30 2009-08-06 Yoshihiro Uozu Mold, process for producing mold, and process for producing sheet

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2014064370A1 (fr) * 2012-10-17 2014-05-01 Nexans Fil de transport électrique en alliage d'aluminium a conductivite electrique elevee
US20150279518A1 (en) * 2012-10-17 2015-10-01 Nexans Electrical transport wire made of an aluminum alloy, having high electrical conductivity
US10600535B2 (en) 2012-10-17 2020-03-24 Nexans Electrical transport wire made of an aluminum alloy, having high electrical conductivity

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2994328A1 (fr) 2014-02-07
EP2693447B1 (de) 2014-07-23

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