EP4050129A1 - Korrosionsgeschütztes elektrisches kabel - Google Patents

Korrosionsgeschütztes elektrisches kabel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4050129A1
EP4050129A1 EP21305236.8A EP21305236A EP4050129A1 EP 4050129 A1 EP4050129 A1 EP 4050129A1 EP 21305236 A EP21305236 A EP 21305236A EP 4050129 A1 EP4050129 A1 EP 4050129A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
neutral conductor
conductor
cable
aluminum
screen
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP21305236.8A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Rodrigue Sumera
Sophie DELATTRE
Laurent Keromnes
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nexans SA
Original Assignee
Nexans SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nexans SA filed Critical Nexans SA
Priority to EP21305236.8A priority Critical patent/EP4050129A1/de
Publication of EP4050129A1 publication Critical patent/EP4050129A1/de
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
    • C25D11/02—Anodisation
    • C25D11/04—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
    • H01B7/28—Protection against damage caused by moisture, corrosion, chemical attack or weather
    • H01B7/2806—Protection against damage caused by corrosion
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
    • C25D11/02—Anodisation
    • C25D11/04—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • C25D11/06—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon characterised by the electrolytes used
    • C25D11/08—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon characterised by the electrolytes used containing inorganic acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
    • C25D11/02—Anodisation
    • C25D11/04—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • C25D11/16—Pretreatment, e.g. desmutting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
    • C25D11/02—Anodisation
    • C25D11/04—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • C25D11/18—After-treatment, e.g. pore-sealing
    • C25D11/24—Chemical after-treatment
    • C25D11/246—Chemical after-treatment for sealing layers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
    • H01B7/18—Protection against damage caused by wear, mechanical force or pressure; Sheaths; Armouring
    • H01B7/22—Metal wires or tapes, e.g. made of steel
    • H01B7/226—Helicoidally wound metal wires or tapes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to cables for transporting electricity, comprising a neutral conductor in contact with a metal screen. It relates more specifically to the inhibition of corrosion phenomena within such cables.
  • the invention finds in particular interesting applications in the field of so-called "low voltage” (LV) cables, which are typically used for the transport of electricity with a voltage of at most 1000 V in alternating current and at most 1500 V continuous.
  • LV low voltage
  • the invention is particularly interesting for cables of this type intended to be used as underground cables.
  • phase conductors typically comprise an assembly of at least one phase conductor (and typically three phase conductors) and a neutral conductor.
  • phase conductors as well as the neutral conductor, is an elongated electrically conductive element, typically consisting of an electrically conductive metal wire or else of a set of conductive wires (typically joined together in a strand), the phase conductors being sheathed in an electrically insulating envelope.
  • the present invention relates to cables of this type further comprising a metal screen which surrounds the phase conductors and the neutral conductor, and where the neutral conductor is physically in contact with this metal screen.
  • the metal screen is typically formed by a metal strip, formed by a conductive metal tape wound around the conductors over their entire length.
  • the metallic screen and the neutral conductor in contact with it are connected to a reference potential, usually the earth potential for grounding.
  • a protective sheath generally made of synthetic material, typically surrounds the screen.
  • the earthing of the screen and the neutral conductor ensures good protection of people or animals that would come into contact with the cable if one of the phase conductors and in particular its insulating sheath were to be damaged. .
  • This risk is not zero, in particular in the case of buried cables: during work, for example, the accidental contact of an electrically conductive tool with the cable is not excluded, likely to induce potentially fatal bodily injury, which should be avoided. It is therefore essential to ensure excellent grounding of the cables of the aforementioned type, in particular by maintaining a mechanical resistance of the screen limiting the risks of seeing it pierced or broken accidentally and more generally by maintaining as long as possible the integrity of the neutral conductor and the metal screen which provide protection by earthing.
  • a solution which has long been recommended and commonly used consists in forming a layer of lead around the neutral conductor, which provides protection against corrosion.
  • This solution leads to effective protection of the neutral conductor, particularly when the latter is made of aluminium.
  • the screen is based on a zinc-coated steel, the protection is achieved to the detriment of the zinc, which corrodes rapidly by battery effect.
  • lead due to the toxicity of lead, it is desirable to no longer use this metal, or indeed any other heavy metal whose use is now regulated.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a new solution making it possible to reduce the phenomena of corrosion in cables comprising an aluminum-based neutral conductor in contact with a metal screen, by dispensing with the use of lead.
  • the present invention proposes to use a specific neutral conductor, having on the surface a protective layer of alumina, typically obtained by anodization.
  • the cable according to the invention comprises several phase conductors (typically three phase conductors in the case of the usual transmission of three-phase current), and the metal screen then surrounds all the phase conductors (as well as the neutral conductor with which it is in contact).
  • the metal screen is generally a metal strip, advantageously having the shape of a hollow cylinder of circular section, and which completely covers the phase and neutral conductors of the cable.
  • a strip is typically formed by winding around the phase and neutral conductors at least one metal strip, typically in a helical fashion with a partial overlap of the strips so as to ensure total coverage.
  • the metal screen does not generally constitute the outermost layer of the cable which generally comprises at least one protective sheath surrounding the metal screen.
  • the present invention takes advantage, by amplifying them, of the advantageous properties of the alumina layer which forms naturally on aluminum and on its alloys.
  • the benefits of alumina on the surface of the neutral conductor have not been described to date for low voltage cables with a neutral conductor in contact with a metal screen.
  • the formation of alumina on the surface of aluminum neutral conductors was rather described as a disadvantage in the past. This is particularly the case for the request EP 1 816 656 cited above, which recommends avoiding the presence of surface alumina by coating the aluminum with another metal.
  • the protective layer of alumina which coats the neutral conductor in a cable according to the invention typically has a much greater thickness than that of the layers of alumina which form naturally by oxidation of an aluminum surface (these natural layers having a thickness of 1 to 3 ⁇ m at most). Most often, in a cable according to the invention, the protective layer of alumina has a thickness greater than or equal to 5 ⁇ m, preferably greater than or equal to 6 ⁇ m, and even more advantageously greater than or equal to 8 ⁇ m. The corrosion resistance proves to be higher the greater this thickness, but, in particular for cost reasons, it is generally not necessary for the thickness of the layer to exceed 20 ⁇ m.
  • the thickness of the protective alumina layer which coats the neutral conductor can for example range from 6 to 15 ⁇ m, and preferably from 8 to 12 ⁇ m (terminals included).
  • the alumina layer preferably coats the entire surface of the neutral conductor so as to provide protection. This thickness of the layer is preferably substantially the same over all the outer surface of the neutral conductor.
  • the thickness of the alumina layer can in particular be measured on a cross section observed by optical microscopy according to the method described in the ISO 1436 standard.
  • the protective alumina layer of the invention preferably comprises a hydrated alumina. Typically, it is a boehmite layer of formula Al 2 O 3 , nH 2 O with n between 1.5 and 2.5.
  • the protective alumina layer of the invention is preferably obtained by anodization, which is a process which makes it possible in particular to obtain a homogeneous layer and of chosen and controlled thickness over the entire external surface of the conductor of neutral.
  • anodization is a process which makes it possible in particular to obtain a homogeneous layer and of chosen and controlled thickness over the entire external surface of the conductor of neutral.
  • the neutral conductor is based on aluminum or an aluminum alloy and the protective layer is an anodization layer resulting from anodization, namely controlled and electrochemical oxidation. aluminum.
  • an "aluminum alloy”, within the meaning of the present description, is a metallic alloy comprising aluminum in association with other elements, which includes in particular the alloys defined in the Directive Aluminum Association of Washington DC 2086 or the alloys meeting European standard EN573. These standards define several classes of aluminum alloy with references ranging from 1000 to 8000.
  • the layer obtained by anodization is particularly well secured with the aluminum constituting the neutral conductor. It is not a simple coating of alumina deposited on the aluminum, but a layer intimately linked to the aluminum and whose resistance is therefore particularly high, which contributes to good maintenance of the effects of inhibition of corrosion over time. Indeed, during the anodization process, the alumina layer is formed by consuming the surface aluminum and by integrating this aluminum into the layer being formed, which secures the layer deposited with the neutral conductor.
  • the useful protective layer according to the invention is obtained according to a method comprising a step of anodizing under current in an acid electrolytic medium of a neutral conductor based on aluminum or an aluminum alloy, then a step clogging of the porosity of the surface obtained following the anodization.
  • the neutral conductor subjected to the anodization step has a surface condition optimizing the anodization.
  • the surface resulting from the anodizing is preferably subjected to a rinsing step.
  • a rinsing step also proves to be preferable at the end of the sealing step.
  • Step (E1) is most often desirable because, for the most part, the wires that can be used as neutral conductors are marketed with a film of grease on their surface, generally linked to their drawing preparation process.
  • the degreasing and pickling of step (E1) can in particular be carried out chemically, optionally electrolytically assisted.
  • the purpose of degreasing operations is to eliminate the various bodies and particles contained in fats while the pickling operation serves to remove the oxides present on the surface.
  • pickling methods chemical, electrolytic or mechanical, well known to those skilled in the art. Chemical pickling consists in eliminating the oxides by dissolving, or even bursting the layer, without attacking the underlying metal.
  • For degreasing/stripping it is possible, for example, to use an industrial solution at 45ml/L of GARDOCLEAN ® (available from CHEMETALL).
  • the solution is essentially composed of soda (about 30g/L to 45ml/L) and surfactants.
  • step (E3) of neutralizing the wires makes it possible not to pollute the anodizing bath in step (E5).
  • this step makes it possible to eliminate certain traces of residual oxides which could otherwise harm the anodization.
  • This step is done in a bath identical to the anodizing bath.
  • a solution of sulfuric acid H 2 SO 4 at 200 g/L at room temperature typically eliminates any residues of soda associated with degreasing.
  • Neutralization advantageously makes it possible to bring the surface of the aluminum to the same pH as the anode bath.
  • step (E5) is based on the principle of water electrolysis.
  • the conductor based on aluminum or aluminum alloy plays the role of anode in an electrolytic system: this conductor is electrically connected to the positive terminal of a direct current generator and the conductor is placed wholly or partly in contact with an electrolyte in which is immersed a counter electrode (cathode of the electrolytic system) connected to the negative terminal of said direct current generator.
  • the electrolyte of step (E5) comprises an acid, preferably sulfuric acid, which corresponds to an anodization called “sulfuric anodization” (although other acids are possible, such as phosphoric acid, chromic acid or oxalic acid).
  • the counter-electrode (cathode) usually used for anodization is generally made of lead (inert in the middle). In order to eliminate any recourse to lead, it may be substituted within the scope of the invention by other cathodes, for example aluminum or stainless steel cathodes.
  • step (E) the oxide layer develops from the surface towards the heart of the metal, unlike an electrolytic deposit.
  • the oxide layer obtained is therefore not not strictly speaking a coating, but rather a surface layer forming one body with the rest of the conductor, which explains its very good behavior.
  • Step (E5) is therefore placed under anodization conditions, namely conditions where V dissolution ⁇ V oxidation .
  • the electrolytic parameters are imposed in particular by the current density and the conductivity of the bath.
  • step (E7) is a technique allowing the sealing or closing of the porosities existing in each cell of the oxide layer. This sealing is obtained by transformation of the alumina constituting the anodic layer, causing expansion and therefore gradual closing of the pores.
  • This sealing operation is typically carried out by immersing the conductor from step (E5) in water heated to high temperature, typically at least 80° C., preferably at least 90° C. (typically osmosed water having a temperature greater than or equal to 90° C.) to promote the reaction kinetics.
  • water heated to high temperature typically at least 80° C., preferably at least 90° C. (typically osmosed water having a temperature greater than or equal to 90° C.) to promote the reaction kinetics.
  • the anhydrous alumina of the layer formed in step (E) absorbs water molecules and becomes a hydrated alumina.
  • Each of the rinsing steps (E2), (E4), (E6) and (E8) advantageously comprises a coarse pre-rinsing, followed by a more thorough rinsing called "clean" rinsing typically by osmosis water, and which is advantageously followed by drying, preferably with compressed air.
  • the neutral conductor according to the invention can be constituted both by a single elongated conductive element (a wire for example, preferably of circular section) and by several elongated conductive elements (several wires or strands advantageously joined together in strands, for example) .
  • These elongated conductive elements are preferably based on aluminum or an aluminum alloy, for example of the aforementioned type, the aluminum or the aluminum alloy being at least present on the surface of the neutral conductor.
  • a neutral conductor as used according to the present invention typically has a section of less than 120 mm 2 , in particular between 16 and 120 mm 2 .
  • the neutral conductor of the cable according to the invention is a solid wire, preferably of circular section, made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy.
  • the protective layer present on the neutral conductor is advantageously obtained by anodizing the surface of the wire.
  • the screen present in the cable of the invention therefore advantageously consists of at least one steel strip wound around the phase and neutral conductors.
  • the metal screen which is in contact with the neutral conductor of the invention is a metal screen formed by a rolled up strip of steel covered with zinc (galvanized steel).
  • This zinc coating typically has a thickness corresponding to a surface content of 70 to 140 g/dm 2 .
  • Such a zinc coating protects the steel of the screen against oxidation, the zinc typically playing the role of sacrificial agent.
  • the metal screen which is in contact with the neutral conductor of the invention is a metal screen formed by a rolled-up metal strip covered with aluminum, typically a steel strip covered with aluminum. 'aluminum.
  • This embodiment makes it possible to inhibit in a particularly effective way the phenomena of galvanic corrosion within the cable: in addition to the protective effect conferred by the layer of alumina present on the neutral conductor, the implementation of the same metal on the screen and the neutral conductor, namely aluminium, avoids battery effect type phenomena.
  • each of the conductors be surrounded by an insulating coating, which insulates it not only from the other conductors, but also from the neutral conductor.
  • each of the phase conductors is insulated from the others, which is typically achieved by surrounding each of the phase conductors with an insulating coating, typically an insulating sheath.
  • phase conductors employed in a cable according to the invention may for example have a circular or sectoral section and they may either consist of a single elongated conductive element (one wire) or else of several elongated conductive elements (several wires or strands advantageously gathered in strands, for example).
  • the same cable may optionally contain different types of phase conductors although it is more usual to use identical phase conductors when the cable contains several of them.
  • a phase conductor as used according to the present invention typically has a section of less than 240 mm 2 , typically between 16 and 120 mm 2 .
  • the screen which surrounds the phase and neutral conductors is an internal layer of the cable according to the invention.
  • the term “inner layer” is understood to mean a layer which does not constitute the outermost layer of the cable.
  • the cable it is advantageous for the cable to further comprise an outer protective sheath deposited around the screen.
  • This sheath makes it possible, among other effects, to reinforce the protection of the cable (and in the first place of the screen) against external, chemical or physical attacks.
  • the application of the protective sheath around the screen can typically be carried out by extrusion, in particular at a temperature ranging from 140° C. to 195° C. approximately.
  • the sheath is then made of a thermoplastic polymer, for example PVC, which may possibly contain additives making it possible to improve the resistance of the cable, such as, for example, additives improving the service life of the cable under the conditions envisaged for its use. .
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic sectional view of a cable implementing the principles of the present invention.
  • the cable designated by the general reference 1 on the Figure 1 is an example of a cable according to the invention intended for the transport of low voltage three-phase electricity.
  • This cable includes three identical phase conductors
  • This cable comprises three identical phase conductors 2, 3 and 4. In the figure each of them is formed of a single metal wire of sectoral section but other variants are possible (in particular the use of several stranded wires and/or or some cylindrical geometries for example).
  • Each of the three phase conductors which can for example be made of aluminum or copper, is sheathed with an insulating casing referenced 12, 13 and 14 respectively.
  • the cable also comprises a neutral conductor 20 according to the invention, having on the surface a protective alumina layer 25.
  • a metal screen 30 surrounds the assembly formed by the four conductors over their entire length.
  • This screen is, in the figure, a strip obtained by winding a conductive tape around the four conductors over their entire length, this tape being based on steel coated with aluminum (a coating with zinc is alternatively possible) this whereby the strip obtained has a hollow cylindrical body 32 based on steel and an internal layer 34 based on aluminium, which is in physical contact with the four conductors (the three insulated phase conductors 2, 3 and 4 provided with their insulating envelopes 13, 13 and 14; and the neutral conductor provided with its protective layer 25).
  • the screen 30 as well as the conductor 20 are connected to the ground potential so as to ground them.
  • synthetic material typically PVC

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Conductive Materials (AREA)
EP21305236.8A 2021-02-26 2021-02-26 Korrosionsgeschütztes elektrisches kabel Pending EP4050129A1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP21305236.8A EP4050129A1 (de) 2021-02-26 2021-02-26 Korrosionsgeschütztes elektrisches kabel

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP21305236.8A EP4050129A1 (de) 2021-02-26 2021-02-26 Korrosionsgeschütztes elektrisches kabel

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4050129A1 true EP4050129A1 (de) 2022-08-31

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EP21305236.8A Pending EP4050129A1 (de) 2021-02-26 2021-02-26 Korrosionsgeschütztes elektrisches kabel

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3383188A (en) * 1965-09-27 1968-05-14 Olin Mathieson Aluminum conductors
EP1816656A2 (de) 2006-02-03 2007-08-08 Nexans Korrosionsgeschütztes elektrisches Kabel
US20100006318A1 (en) * 2008-07-11 2010-01-14 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Insulated assembly of insulated electric conductors
CN104183321A (zh) * 2014-09-05 2014-12-03 丹阳市明琪金属制品有限公司 一种具有绝缘层的铜包铝导线
CN104240803A (zh) * 2014-09-06 2014-12-24 丹阳市明琪金属制品有限公司 一种耐辐射的的铜包铝导线

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3383188A (en) * 1965-09-27 1968-05-14 Olin Mathieson Aluminum conductors
EP1816656A2 (de) 2006-02-03 2007-08-08 Nexans Korrosionsgeschütztes elektrisches Kabel
US20100006318A1 (en) * 2008-07-11 2010-01-14 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Insulated assembly of insulated electric conductors
CN104183321A (zh) * 2014-09-05 2014-12-03 丹阳市明琪金属制品有限公司 一种具有绝缘层的铜包铝导线
CN104240803A (zh) * 2014-09-06 2014-12-24 丹阳市明琪金属制品有限公司 一种耐辐射的的铜包铝导线

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