Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M137/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus
  • C10M137/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus having no phosphorus-to-carbon bond
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M137/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M141/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential
  • C10M141/10—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being an organic phosphorus-containing compound
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
  • C10M2203/102—Aliphatic fractions
  • C10M2203/1025—Aliphatic fractions used as base material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/28—Esters
  • C10M2207/282—Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic oolycarboxylic acids
  • C10M2207/2825—Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic oolycarboxylic acids used as base material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10M2209/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type
  • C10M2209/084—Acrylate; Methacrylate
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2215/08—Amides
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2215/28—Amides; Imides
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
  • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
  • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
  • C10M2223/043—Ammonium or amine salts thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
  • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
  • C10M2223/047—Thioderivatives not containing metallic elements
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
  • C10M2223/049—Phosphite
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2223/06—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
  • C10N2010/04—Groups 2 or 12
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
  • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
  • C10N2020/02—Viscosity; Viscosity index
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/40—Low content or no content compositions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/14—Electric or magnetic purposes
  • C10N2040/16—Dielectric; Insulating oil or insulators

Definitions

• the present invention relates to lubricating oil compositions with excellent insulation properties and lubricity.
• a variety of electronic control devices have been used in the mechanisms of an automobile. Some of them may be used in lubricating oil and thus the insulation properties thereof have become important.
• lubricating oils for the transmission, both the transmission and electric motor, or the device in which a lubricating system is shared by the transmission and electric motor, mounted in a fuel cell electric vehicle, an electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle have been required to have higher insulation properties because these devices operate using a high electric voltage.
• the transmission has been required to be improved in power transmission efficiency and down-sized as well as weight-reduced so as to improve fuel efficiency and thus has been applied with a higher load.
• the lubricating oil has, therefore, been demanded to have insulation properties as well as more improved anti-wear properties and anti-seizure properties.
• the lubricating oil for transmissions are required to have friction characteristics conforming with the characteristics of a clutch, viscosity characteristics ranging from low temperatures to high temperatures so that an appropriate hydraulic pressure control can be achieved, i.e., viscosity retention which is not affected on temperature as much as possible, and oxidation stability and detergent dispersibility to keep the device clean so that the control device thereof can operate appropriately. Furthermore, these characteristics are generally needed to be retained during the working life of the device. For this purpose, a variety of additives are used in a transmission lubricating oil.
• an automobile transmission oil composition comprising a base oil selected from mineral oils, synthetic oils and mixtures thereof and a phosphorus compound selected from hydrocarbon group-containing zinc dithiophosphate, triaryl phosphate, triaryl thiophosphate and a mixture thereof in an amount of 0.1 to 15.0 percent by mass on the total mass composition basis and having a 80°C volume resistivity of 1 ⁇ 10 7 ⁇ m or greater
• Patent Literature 1 a transmission oil composition
• a transmission oil composition comprising a base oil selected from mineral oils, poly- ⁇ -olefins and hydrogenated compounds thereof, alkylbenzenes, ester-based compounds and mixtures thereof and having a 80°C kinematic viscosity of 1.5 to 4.0 mm 2 /s, a phosphorus compound selected from hydrocarbon group-containing zinc dithiophosphate, triaryl thiophosphates and mixtures thereof in an amount of 0.1 to 4.0 percent by mass on the total composition mass basis,
• the present invention aims at providing a lubricating oil composition maintaining properties necessary for a transmission and having more excellent insulation properties and anti-wear properties and more improved anti-seizure properties than the prior art.
• the present invention relates to a lubricating oil composition
• a lubricating oil composition comprising: (A) a lubricating oil base oil; (B) at least one type of phosphorus compound selected from the group consisting of phosphorus compounds having at least one hydroxyl group and/or at least one thiol group; and (C) an ashless dispersant having a functional group containing as a dispersion group in an amount of less than 0.001 percent by mass on the basis of nitrogen on the total composition mass basis or no such an ashless dispersant at all, the composition having a 80°C volume resistivity of 5 ⁇ 10 8 ⁇ m or greater.
• the present invention also relates to the above-described lubricating oil composition wherein (B) the phosphorus compound having a hydrocarbon group having 16 or fewer carbon atoms.
• the present invention also relates to the above-described lubricating oil composition used for the transmission, both transmission and electric motor, or the device in which a lubricating system is shared by the transmission and electric motor, mounted in a fuel cell electric vehicle, an electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle.
• the lubricating oil composition of the present invention maintains properties necessary to lubricate a transmission and other devices and has more excellent insulation properties and anti-wear properties than the prior art and can be improved in anti-seizure properties.
• the lubricating base oil referred to as Component (A) used in the present invention may be a mineral base oil and/or a synthetic base oil or alternatively a mixture of two or more types of mineral oils or synthetic base oils, or a mixture of a mineral base oil and a synthetic base oil.
• the mix ratio in these mixtures may be selected arbitrarily.
• These base oils may be used alone or in combination at an arbitrary ratio.
• Examples of preferred mineral lubricating base oils include the following base oils:
• any refining process having been conventionally used upon production of a lubricating base oil examples include (a) hydro-refining processes such as hydrocracking and hydrofinishing, (b) solvent refining such as furfural extraction, (c) dewaxing such as solvent dewaxing and catalytic dewaxing, (d) clay refining with acidic clay or active clay and (e) chemical (acid or alkali) refining such as sulfuric acid treatment and sodium hydroxide treatment.
• any one or more of these refining processes may be used in any combination and order.
• the mineral lubricating base oil used in the present invention is particularly preferably a base oil produced by further subjecting a base oil selected from (1) to (8) described above to the following treatments.
• a hydrocracked mineral oil and/or wax-isomerized isoparaffinic base oil produced by hydrocracking or wax-isomerizing a base oil selected from (1) to (8) described above as it is or a lubricating fraction recovered therefrom and subjecting the resulting product as it is or a lubricating fraction recovered therefrom to dewaxing such as solvent dewaxing or catalytic dewaxing, followed by solvent refining or followed by solvent refining and then dewaxing such as solvent dewaxing or catalytic dewaxing.
• dewaxing such as solvent dewaxing or catalytic dewaxing
• the hydrocracked mineral oil and/or wax-isomerized isoparaffinic base oil are used in an amount of preferably 30 percent by mass or more, more preferably 50 percent by mass or more, and particularly preferably 70 percent by mass or more, on the total base oil mass basis.
• the lubricating base oil referred to as Component (A) used in the transmission lubricating oil composition of the present invention is a lubricating base oil adjusted so that the 100°C kinematic viscosity is from 1.5 to 4.5 mm 2 /s.
• Component (A) is preferably one or more types selected from the following (A-a) to (A-c):
• Mineral base oils (A-a) to (A-b) have a %C A of preferably 2 or less, more preferably 1 or less, more preferably 0.5 or less, particularly preferably substantially 0.
• Lubricating oil (A-c) has a %C A of substantially 0. The use of lubricating base oil (A) having a %C A of 2 or less renders it possible to produce a lubricating oil composition with an excellent oxidation stability.
• %C A used herein denotes the percentage of the aromatic carbon number in the total carbon number, determined in accordance with ASTM D 3238-85.
• viscosity index of lubricating base oils (A-a) to (A-c) which is, however, preferably 80 or greater, more preferably 100 or greater, particularly preferably 120 or greater and usually 200 or less, preferably 160 or less.
• the use of a lubricating base oil having a viscosity index of greater than 80 renders it possible to produce a composition exhibiting excellent viscosity characteristics from low temperatures to high temperatures.
• the use of a lubricating base oil having a too high viscosity index results in a too much normal paraffins in the resulting composition and also deteriorates the low temperature fluidity thereof.
• any one or more of the above-described base oils (A-a) to (A-c) may be used.
• (A-a) and (A-b)and/or(A-c) are used in combination.
• the content of Component (A-c) is preferably 1 to 50 percent by mass, more preferably 3 to 20 percent by mass, more preferably 3 to 10 percent by mass on the total base oil mass basis.
• blending of Component (A-c) in an amount of on the order of 3 to 10 percent by mass renders it possible to produce a composition exhibiting excellent effects in fatigue life, low temperature characteristics, and oxidation stability at a low cost.
• Lubricating base oil (A) used in the present invention has a 100°C kinematic viscosity of preferably 1.5 to 4.5 mm 2 /s, more preferably 2.8 to 4.0 mm 2 /s, particularly preferably 3.6 to 3.9 mm 2 /s.
• the use of a lubricating base oil with a 100°C kinematic viscosity of 4.5 mm 2 /s or lower renders it possible to produce a lubricating oil composition having a smaller frictional resistance at lubricating sites because of its small fluid resistance and thus having excellent low temperature viscosity (for example, the -40°C Brookfield viscosity is 20,000 Pa ⁇ s or less).
• a lubricating base oil with a 100°C kinematic viscosity of 1.5 mm 2 /s or higher renders it possible to produce a lubricating oil composition which is sufficient in oil film formation and thus more excellent in lubricity and less in evaporation loss of the base oil under elevated temperature conditions.
• the synthetic oil referred to as (A-c) may be a synthetic lubricating oil such as poly- ⁇ -olefins (1-octene oligomer, 1-decene oligomer, ethylene-propylene cooligomer) and hydrogenated compounds thereof; isobutene oligomers and hydrogenated compounds thereof; isoparaffins; alkylbenzenes; alkylnaphthalenes; alkyldiphenyl ethanes; monoisopropyl biphenyl; dimethyl silicone; diesters (ditridecyl glutarate, di-2-ethylhexyl adipate, diisodecyl adipate, ditridecyl adipate and di-2-ethylhexyl sebacate); polyol esters (trimethylolpropane caprylate, trimethylolpropane pelargonate, pentaerythritol 2-ethylhexan
• oils preferably used are poly- ⁇ -olefins and hydrogenated compounds thereof; isobutene oligomers and hydrogenated compounds thereof; isoparaffins; alkylbenzenes; alkylnaphthalenes; alkyldiphenylethane; monoisopropyl biphenyl; and dimethyl silicone because they have a 80°C volume resistivity of 1 ⁇ 10 13 ⁇ m or greater and thus can enhance the insulation properties of the resulting lubricating oil composition.
• ester-based compounds have a 80°C volume resistivity of on the order of 1 ⁇ 10 9 to 1 ⁇ 10 13 ⁇ m and are preferably those from which the remaining moisture and impurities have been sufficiently removed.
• the synthetic oil used in the present invention is preferably selected from poly- ⁇ -olefins and hydrogenated compounds thereof, alkylbenzenes, ester-based compounds and mixtures thereof.
• the resulting composition can maintain low temperature fluidity and low volatility in well-balance under the conditions where it is used.
• poly- ⁇ -olefins include oligomers or cooligomers of ⁇ -olefins having 2 to 32, preferably 6 to 16 carbon atoms, such as 1-octene oligomer, 1-decene oligomer, ethylene-propylene cooligomer, and hydrogenated compounds thereof.
• synthetic oils may be used alone. No particular limitation is imposed on the viscosity thereof. However, synthetic oils with different viscosities may be used in combination so that the 100°C kinematic viscosity is adjusted to preferably from 1.5 to 4.5 mm 2 /s. This is because the combination of a synthetic oil having a high viscosity with that of a low viscosity results in a base oil having a higher viscosity index.
• the lubricating oil base oil referred to as Component (A) in the present invention is as described above but is preferably mixed with a solvent refined base oil having a kinematic viscosity of 20 mm 2 /s to 50 mm 2 /s if the resulting composition has a problem in fatigue life. Furthermore, it is preferably mixed with such a solvent refined oil in such an extent that the mixture is adjusted to have a %C A of 2 or less and a 100°C kinematic viscosity of 1.5 to 4.5 mm 2 /s.
• the lubricating oil composition of the present invention contains (B) at least one type of phosphorus compound selected from phosphorus compounds having at least one hydroxyl group and/or at least one thiol group.
• the phosphorus compound referred to as Component (B) in the present invention is at least one type of compound selected from phosphorus compounds represented by formula (1), phosphorus compounds represented by formula (2), amine salts thereof, and derivatives thereof.
• X 1 , X 2 and X 3 are each independently oxygen or sulfur and at least one of them is preferably oxygen, at least one of R 1 , R 2 and R 3 is hydrogen and the others are hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 30 carbon atoms.
• X 4 , X 5 , X 6 and X 7 are each independently oxygen or sulfur (one or two of X 4 , X 5 and X 6 may be a single bond or (poly) oxyalkylene group) and at least one of them is preferably oxygen, at least one of R 4 , R 5 and R 6 is hydrogen and the others are hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 30 carbon atoms.
• hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 30 carbon atoms for R 1 to R 6 include alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkyl-substituted cycloalkyl, aryl, alkyl-substituted aryl, and arylalkyl groups.
• the hydrocarbon groups are preferably alkyl groups having 1 to 30 carbon atoms and aryl groups having 6 to 24 carbon atoms, more preferably alkyl groups having 3 to 18 carbon atoms, more preferably alkyl groups having 4 to 12 carbon atoms.
• Examples of phosphorus compounds represented by formula (1) include phosphorous acid; monothiophosphorous acid; dithiophosphorous acid; phosphorous acid monoesters, monothiophosphorous acid monoesters, dithiophosphorous acid monoesters, and trithiophosphorous acid monoesters, each having any one of the above-described hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 30 carbon atoms; and phosphorous acid diesters, monothiophosphorous acid diesters, dithiophosphorous acid diesters, and trithsophosphorous acid diesters, each having any two of the above-described hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 30 carbon atoms; and a mixture thereof.
• X 1 to X 3 in formula (1) are oxygen.
• Examples of phosphorus compounds represented by formula (2) include phosphoric acid; monothiophosphoric acid; dithiophosphoric acid; trithiophosphoric acid; tetrathiophosphoric acid; phosphoric acid monoesters, monothiophospharic acid monoesters, dithiophosphoric acid monoesters, trithiophosphoric acid monoesters, and tetrathiophosphoric acid monoesters, each having any one of the above-described hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 30 carbon atoms; phosphoric acid diesters, monothiophosphoric acid diesters, dithiophosphoric acid diesters, trithiophosphoric acid diesters, and tetrathiophosphoric acid diesters, each having any two of the above-described hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 30 carbon atoms; phosphonic acid, phosphonic acid monoesters, and phosphonic acid diesters, each having any one or two of the above-described hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 30 carbon atoms; the phosphoric acid compounds exemplified
• X 4 to X 7 in formula (2) are oxygen.
• One or two of X 4 , X 5 and X 6 may be a single bond or a (poly)oxyalkylene group.
• Examples of the salts of phosphorus compounds represented by formula (1) or (2) include salts produced by allowing a nitrogen compound such as ammonia or an amine compound having in its molecules only a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms or a hydroxyl group-containing hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms to react with a phosphorus compound and neutralize the whole or part of the remaining acid hydrogen.
• a nitrogen compound such as ammonia or an amine compound having in its molecules only a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms or a hydroxyl group-containing hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms
• nitrogen-containing compound examples include ammonia, monoamines, diamines, and polyamines.
• Preferred examples include aliphatic amines having an alkyl or alkenyl group having 10 to 20 carbon atoms, which may be straight-chain or branched, such as decylamine, dodecylamine, dimethyldodecylamine, tridecylamine, heptadecylamine, octadecylamine, oleylamine, and stearyl amine.
• the phosphorus compound referred to as Component (B) is preferably at least one type of compound selected from the group consisting of amine salts of phosphorus compounds of formula (1) wherein all of X 1 , X 2 and X 3 are oxygen and amine salts of phosphorus compounds of formula (2) wherein all of X 4 , x 5 , X 6 and X 7 are oxygen (one or two of X 4 , and X 6 may be a single bond or a (poly) oxyalkylene group) because they are excellent in oxidation stability.
• the phosphorus compound referred to as Component (B) is preferably a phosphorus compound of formula (2) wherein all of X 4 , X 5 , X 6 and X 7 are oxygen (one or two of X 4 , X 5 and X 6 may be a single bond or a (poly)oxyalkylene group), at least one of R 4 , R 5 and R 6 is hydrogen and the others are each independently a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms in terms of oxidation stability.
• the hydrocarbon group of the phosphorus compound referred to as Component (B) has preferably 16 or fewer carbon atoms. This is based on the fact that fewer the carbon atoms, higher the volume resistivity is as set forth in Table 1 below.
• the volume resistivity designates the value measured at an oil temperature of 80°C in accordance with JIS C 2101 24. (volume resistivity test).
• each of the phosphorus compound was added and dissolved in a mineral base oil so that it is contained in an amount of 100 mass ppm on the basis of phosphorus.
• Component (B) that is the above-described phosphorus compound of the lubricating oil composition of the present invention, which is, however, 0.01 percent by mass or more, preferably 0.02 percent by mass or more, particularly preferably 0.03 percent by mass or more and preferably 0.1 percent by mass or less, more preferably 0.08 percent by mass or less, particularly preferably 0.05 percent by mass or less on the basis of phosphorus on the composition mass basis. If the content of the phosphorus compound is less than 0.01 percent by mass on the basis of phosphorus, the resulting composition would be less effective in anti-wear properties. Whilst, if the content of the phosphorus compound is more than 0.1 percent by mass on the basis of phosphorus, the resulting composition would be poor in insulation properties, degraded in oxidation stability and enhanced in aggressivity against sealing materials.
• the lubricating oil composition of the present invention is characterized in that it contains (C) an ashless dispersant having a functional group containing nitrogen as a dispersion group in an amount of less than 0.001 percent by mass on the basis of nitrogen on the composition mass basis or does not contain such an ashless dispersant at all.
• the lubricating oil composition of the present invention contains (B) at least one type of phosphorus compound selected from phosphorus compounds having at least one hydroxyl group and/or at least one thiol group.
• the inclusion of the phosphorus compound enhances significantly the anti-wear properties and anti-seizure properties of the composition.
• this type of phosphorus compound degrades drastically the volume resistance of the composition compared with a phosphorus compound having no hydroxyl group and/or thiol group if an ashless dispersant having a functional group containing nitrogen as a dispersion group is contained.
• the composition contains necessarily (C) an ashless dispersant having a functional group containing nitrogen as a dispersion group in an amount of less than 0.001 percent by mass on the basis of nitrogen on the composition mass basis or does not contain such an ashless dispersant at all in order to improve the anti-wear properties and anti-seizure properties of the composition.
• Examples of the ashless dispersant having a functional group containing nitrogen as a dispersion group referred to as Component (C) include succinimide, benzylamine, and polyamines, each having a hydrocarbon group having 40 to 400 carbon atoms.
• an ashless dispersant having a functional group containing nitrogen as a dispersion group in an amount of less than 0.001 percent by mass on the basis of nitrogen on the composition mass basis is a structure or amount wherein even though an ashless dispersant has an amino group remained so as to be able to constitute a salt structure with Component (B) that is the phosphorus compound, the content thereof is such a level that the volume resistance at 80°C of the resulting composition is 5 ⁇ 10 8 ⁇ m or greater.
• the ashless dispersant is contained in such an amount that nitrogen is contained in an amount of less than 0.001 percent by mass, more preferably less than 0.0008 percent by mass on the composition mass basis.
• the lubricating oil composition of the present invention has a 80°C volume resistivity of preferably 5 ⁇ 10 8 ⁇ m or greater, more preferably 6 ⁇ 10 8 ⁇ m or greater, particularly preferably 10x10 8 ⁇ m or greater.
• the composition having a 80°C volume resistivity of 5 ⁇ 10 8 ⁇ m or greater can keep the insulation properties high not only when it is fresh but also when it is degraded thereby avoiding an electric motor from having a trouble such as shorting out for a long period of time.
• the lubricating oil composition of the present invention may be blended with various additives such as viscosity index improvers, extreme pressure additives, dispersants other than the above-described dispersant compounds, metallic detergents, friction modifiers, anti-oxidants, corrosion inhibitors, rust inhibitors, demulsifiers, metal deactivators, pour point depressants, seal swelling agents, anti-foaming agents, and dyes, alone or in combination in order to further enhance the properties of the composition or impart the composition with properties required for a lubricating oil.
• additives such as viscosity index improvers, extreme pressure additives, dispersants other than the above-described dispersant compounds, metallic detergents, friction modifiers, anti-oxidants, corrosion inhibitors, rust inhibitors, demulsifiers, metal deactivators, pour point depressants, seal swelling agents, anti-foaming agents, and dyes, alone or in combination in order to further enhance the properties of the composition or impart the composition with properties required for a lubricating oil.
• viscosity index improvers examples include non-dispersant or dispersant type poly(meth)acrylate; non-dispersant or dispersant type ethylene- ⁇ -olefin copolymers and hydrogenated compounds thereof; polyisobutylene and hydrogenated compounds thereof; styrene-diene hydrogenated copolymers; styrene-maleic anhydride ester copolymers; polyalkylstyrenes; and copolymers of (meth) acrylate monomers represented by formula (1) and unsaturated monomers such as ethylene/propylene/styrene/maleic anhydride.
• the amount of the viscosity index improver in the lubricating oil composition of the present invention is such an amount that the resulting composition has a 100°C kinematic viscosity of 5 to 10 mm 2 /s, preferably 6 to 9 mm 2 /s and a viscosity index of 120 to 270, preferably 150 to 250, more preferably 170 to 220. More specifically, the amount is 15 percent by mass or less, preferably 10 percent by mass or less, more preferably 8 percent by mass or less and 2 percent by mass or more, preferably 4 percent by mass or more, more preferably 5 percent by mass or more on the composition mass basis. An amount of more than 15 percent by mass causes a too high viscosity while an amount of less than 2 percent by mass causes a too high viscosity and thus cannot secure a sufficient composition viscosity.
• the metallic detergent examples include those such as alkaline earth metal sulfonates, alkaline earth metal phenates, and alkaline earth metal salicylates.
• Any one or more compounds selected from these metallic detergents may be contained in an amount of usually 0.01 to 10 percent by mass, preferably 0.1 to 5 percent by mass on the total composition mass basis.
• the friction modifier may be any compound that has been generally used as a friction modifier for lubricating oils.
• Specific examples include amine compounds, imide compounds, fatty acid esters, fatty acid amides, and fatty acid metal salts, each having per molecule at least one alkyl or alkenyl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, particularly a straight-chain alkyl or alkenyl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms.
• Any one or more compounds selected from these friction modifiers may be contained in an amount of usually 0.01 to 5.0 percent by mass, preferably 0.03 to 3.0 percent by mass on the total composition mass basis.
• the anti-oxidant may be any anti-oxidant that has been usually used in lubricating oils, such as phenol- or amine-based compounds.
• the anti-oxidant include alkylphenols such as 2-6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol; bisphenols such as methylene-4,4-bisphenol(2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol); naphthylamines such as phenyl- ⁇ -naphthylamine; dialkyldiphenylamines; zinc dialkyldithiophosphoric acids such as di-2-ethylhexyldithiophosphoric acid; and esters of (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)fatty acid (propionic acid) or (3-methyl-5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)fatty acid (propionic acid) with a monohydric or polyhydric alcohol such as methanol, octanol, octadecanol, 1,6-hexanediol, neopentyl glycol, thiodiethylene glycol,
• Any one or more of compounds selected from these compounds may be contained in any amount, which is, however, usually from 0.01 to 5 percent by mass, preferably from 0.1 to 3 percent by mass on the total composition mass basis.
• corrosion inhibitor examples include benzotriazole-, tolyltriazole-, thiadiazole-, and imidazole-types compounds.
• rust inhibitor examples include petroleum sulfonates, alkylbenzene sulfonates, dinonylnaphthalene sulfonates, alkenyl succinic acid esters, and polyhydric alcohol esters.
• demulsifier examples include polyalkylene glycol-based non-ionic surfactants such as polyoxyethylenealkyl ethers, polyoxyethylenealkylphenyl ethers, and polyoxyethylenealkylnaphthyl ethers.
• metal deactivator examples include imidazolines, pyrimidine derivatives, alkylthiadiazoles, mercaptobenzothiazoles, benzotriazoles and derivatives thereof, 1,3,4-thiadiazolepolysulfide, 1,3,4-thiadiazolyl-2,5-bisdialkyldithiocarbamate, 2-(alkyldithio)benzoimidazole, and ⁇ -(o-carboxybenzylthio)propionitrile.
• the pour point depressant may be any of the known pour point depressants selected depending on the type of lubricating base oil but are preferably poly(meth)acrylates having a weight average molecular weight of preferably 20, 000 to 500,000, more preferably 50,000 to 300,000, particularly preferably 80,000 to 200,000.
• the anti-foaming agent may be any compound that has been usually used as an anti-foaming agent for lubricating oils.
• examples of such an anti-foaming agent include silicones such as dimethylsilicone and fluorosilicone. Any one or more of compounds selected from these compounds may be contained in any amount.
• the seal swelling agent may be any compound that has been usually used as a seal swelling agent for lubricating oils.
• seal swelling agents include ester-, sulfur- and aromatic-based seal swelling agents.
• the dye may be any compound that has been usually used and may be blended in any amount.
• the amount is usually from 0.001 to 1.0 percent by mass on the total composition mass basis.
• the corrosion inhibitor, rust inhibitor, and anti-foaming agent are each contained in an amount of 0.005 to 5 percent by mass
• the pour point depressant and metal deactivator are each contained in an amount of 0.005 to 2 percent by mass
• the seal swelling agent is contained in an amount of 0.01 to 5 percent by mass
• the anti-foaming agent is contained in an amount of 0.0005 to 1 percent by mass, all on the total composition mass basis.
• Lubricating oil compositions according to the present invention (Examples 1 to 6) and those for comparison (Comparative Examples 1 to 5) were prepared in accordance with the formulations set forth in Table 2. The performances of each composition were evaluated with the following tests. The results are set forth in Table 2.
• kinematic viscosity (100°C) 4.3mm 2 /s, viscosity index 125, %C P 78.5, %C N 21.5, %C A 0 2) kinematic viscosity (40°C) 22.7mm 2 /s, kinematic viscosity (100°C) 4.3mm 2 /s, viscosity index 102, %C P 66.4, %C N 29.0, %C A 4.6 3) di-2-ethylhexyl azelate kinematic viscosity (40°C) 10.1mm 2 /s.
• kinematic viscosity (100°C) 3.0mm 2 /s, viscosity index 144 4) amine salt of acidic phosphoric acid ester (P content: 10%, phosphoric acid ester: 2-ethylhexyl, amine: mixed amine of C11 to 14) 5) hydrogen phosphine, isoC4 P content 16% 6) acidic phosphoric acid ester, 2-ethylhexyl P: 9.4% 7) trioleylphosphite P: 3.7% 8) boronated succinimide, PIS M w 2000, bis type, TEPA crosslinking 9) succinimide, PIB M w 1000, bis type.
• the lubricating oil composition of the present invention is a composition improved in anti-wear properties and anti-seizure properties and can be used as a lubricating oil for an electric motor-equipped vehicle such as an electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle, an electric motor oil, an oil both for a transmission and an electric motor, and an oil for a device wherein a transmission and an electric motor are packaged in one and a lubricating system is shared by the transmission and an electric motor.
• the present invention can provide the above-described transmission, electric motor and device including the lubricating oil composition of the present invention and a method for lubricating, insulating and cooling the above-described transmission, electric motor and device using the lubricating oil composition of the present invention.

Landscapes

• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Lubricants (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (2)

Family

ID=46929864

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (6)

Cited By (3)

Families Citing this family (12)

Citations (2)

Family Cites Families (6)

• 2011
  • 2011-03-29 JP JP2011072464A patent/JP5779376B2/ja active Active
  • 2011-09-13 WO PCT/JP2011/070814 patent/WO2012132055A1/ja active Application Filing
  • 2011-09-13 CA CA2820519A patent/CA2820519A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2011-09-13 EP EP11862708.2A patent/EP2692841A4/de not_active Ceased
  • 2011-09-13 US US14/007,120 patent/US20140018271A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2011-09-13 CN CN201180069358.4A patent/CN103443256B/zh active Active

Patent Citations (2)

Non-Patent Citations (1)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events