EP2685193B1 - Verfahren und Drehherdofen zum Wärmebehandeln von Werkstücken - Google Patents
Verfahren und Drehherdofen zum Wärmebehandeln von Werkstücken Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2685193B1 EP2685193B1 EP12175924.5A EP12175924A EP2685193B1 EP 2685193 B1 EP2685193 B1 EP 2685193B1 EP 12175924 A EP12175924 A EP 12175924A EP 2685193 B1 EP2685193 B1 EP 2685193B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- zone
- workpieces
- protective gas
- carburizing
- rotary hearth
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Not-in-force
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0037—Rotary furnaces with vertical axis; Furnaces with rotating floor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
- F27B9/14—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment
- F27B9/16—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment the charge moving in a circular or arcuate path
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0062—Heat-treating apparatus with a cooling or quenching zone
Definitions
- the invention is directed to a rotary hearth furnace ring-type for heat treatment of workpieces, in particular for gas carburizing metallic workpieces, comprising an outer and an inner wall defining a furnace chamber, the at least one carburizing zone, in which an enrichment of the workpieces with carbon under protective gas, and at least one of the at least one carburizing zone downstream treatment zone, wherein in the outer wall at least one closable opening for loading and / or unloading of the furnace chamber is provided with workpieces.
- the invention relates to a method for heat treating workpieces in a rotary hearth furnace having a furnace chamber having at least one carburization zone and at least one treatment zone downstream of the at least one carburizing zone, wherein the workpieces within the at least one carburizing zone at a temperature above 900 ° C. be enriched with carbon under protective gas.
- a rotary hearth furnace and a method of the type designated input are, for example, from DE 10 2007 038 991 A1 known.
- This known rotary hearth furnace is used in particular for Gasaufkohlung metal workpieces and has several treatment zones, which include, for example, a heating zone, a carburizing zone and a diffusion zone.
- Such a rotary hearth furnace is also from the WO 2005/050112 A2 known, wherein the furnace chamber is divided by means of vertically movable doors in several treatment zones.
- the workpieces to be treated are taken out of the rotary hearth furnace and into a second furnace or cooling chamber for lowering the temperature within a non-flammable atmosphere (eg nitrogen or argon ), where The metallic workpieces are subsequently returned to the rotary hearth furnace for renewed austenitization.
- a non-flammable atmosphere eg nitrogen or argon
- Such systems with two ovens are from the US 3,582,055 and the DE 195 14 289 A1 known.
- the austenitizing of the previously cooled workpieces could take place in another furnace.
- the next step, followed by austenitization is usually oil bath or polymer quenching, more rarely inert gas cooling.
- the invention is therefore an object of the invention to provide a solution that provides a structurally simple way and cost, an improved method for heat treatment of workpieces and an apparatus for performing the method, so that related gas carburization processes are possible in an economically efficient manner.
- the object is achieved in that the at least one treatment zone has at least one of at least one carburizing zone downstream Perlitization zone, which is provided with at least one temperature of the Perlitleiterszone holding a maximum of 720 ° C heating-cooling device wherein between the at least one carburization zone and the at least one pelitization zone is arranged at least one entry lock zone formed by a pair of movable doors and at least one workpiece is receivable, and wherein immediately before and / or within the entry lock zone the inert gas of the carburizing zone from the furnace space laxative protective gas discharge is provided.
- the object is achieved in a method of the type designated input, that the workpieces in at least one of the at least one carburizing zone downstream perlitization zone, which is associated with the treatment zone to be cooled by means of at least one heating-cooling device to a temperature below 720 ° C to form a pearlitic structure, the workpieces prior to their arrangement in the at least one Perlitization be transported through at least one of the at least one carburizing zone downstream entrance lock zone, which is formed by a pair of movable doors and of which at least one workpiece is receivable, and wherein the protective gas of the carburizing zone at the latest within the entrance lock zone is discharged from the furnace chamber.
- a heating-cooling device As a heating-cooling device is here to understand a device which is able to heat both a zone of the rotary hearth furnace as well as to cool. Such a heating-cooling device provides a largely constant temperature, so that either heat is removed from the zone during cooling or the atmosphere of the zone is heated by heat emission of the heating-cooling device of the heating-cooling device.
- the invention provides a method and a rotary hearth furnace, by which the process of gas carburization including perlitization can be carried out safely and uncritically within a rotary hearth furnace, while avoiding the above-described risks of soot precipitation and uncontrolled deflagration.
- This is achieved, inter alia, by the entrance lock zone, which separates the carburizing zone and the adjoining perlitization zone to prevent atmosphere exchange between the zones.
- the separation causes different inert gas atmospheres to be used in the carburization zone and in the perlitization zone, so that, for example, when selecting the protective gas for the perlitization zone and handling it in this zone, the dangers described above correspond accordingly Be considered and counteracted.
- the rotary hearth furnace according to the invention and the method operating the rotary hearth furnace provide in comparison to the known from the prior art systems with at least two furnaces cost and simple process management, which is feasible for the rotary hearth furnace according to the invention by a functionally appropriate and little space-consuming construction.
- the perlitization within a single rotary hearth furnace dramatically reduces the process time in gas carburizing so that workpieces can be heat treated in much less time as a result of the invention, especially when hitherto poor carburizing temperatures of up to about 1100 ° C have been used.
- Such high carburizing temperatures can hitherto only be used with special fine-grain-stabilized alloys in conjunction with a residual risk of obtaining a coarse grain while gas carburizing.
- the invention provides that the protective gas of the carburizing zone is removed from the furnace chamber at the latest within the entry lock zone, so that it cools in the entry lock zone or in the Perlitization zone does not come to soot precipitations and / or deflagrations.
- the invention provides, in an embodiment of the rotary hearth furnace, that at least one heating-cooling device cooling the workpiece is arranged within the input lock zone.
- the workpieces are already cooled within the entrance lock zone by means of the heating-cooling device, before the workpieces reach the at least one perlitization zone.
- cooling air and / or cooling water are sprayed into the inlet lock zone for the convective cooling of the workpieces.
- the at least one perlitization zone is followed by at least one exit sluice zone formed by a pair of movable doors and at least one Workpiece is receivable.
- the perlitization zone is adjoined by at least one further treatment zone, which may be located inside or outside the rotary hearth furnace and serves to reheat the workpieces to an austentitization temperature, it is advantageous, in view of shortening the process duration, if at least one of the at least one exit sluice zone a heating / cooling device heating the workpiece is arranged or when the workpieces are heated within the at least one exit lock zone by means of a heating-cooling device.
- the invention provides for the at least one perlication zone to be preceded by at least one entrance lock zone with a pair of movable doors and at least one exit lock zone connected to a pair of movable doors, wherein purely optionally the entrance lock zone and / or the exit lock zone each comprise at least one Can have heating and cooling device.
- a structure with desired properties can be produced particularly efficiently and economically within the rotary hearth furnace if at least one heating zone is connected downstream of at least one heating / cooling device with at least one heating / cooling device which heats the workpieces to at least austenitizing temperature.
- the invention provides, in a further embodiment, that the at least one exit-lock zone is arranged between the at least one pearlization zone and the at least one heating zone.
- the at least one pervaporation zone has an inert gas supply for the convective cooling of the workpieces or if protective gas is supplied to the at least one pyrolysis zone, which is the protective gas of the carburizing zone is different.
- the invention provides that an outlet protective gas discharge is provided downstream of the at least one pearlization zone and the protective gas originating from the at least one pearlization zone dissipates.
- the invention provides that the at least one perlitization zone itself has an inert gas discharge which dissipates the protective gas supplied to the at least one perlitization zone.
- the protective gas discharged from the perlitization zone can then be treated, cooled and made available to the protective gas feed for refeeding into the at least one pearlization zone.
- the method applies that the protective gas supplied to the at least one pelitization zone is removed from the at least one pyrolysis zone.
- the protective gas can then be treated outside the furnace chamber and cooled, and subsequently the at least one perlitization zone can be recycled as protective gas.
- the preparation and reuse of the Protective gas has a favorable effect on the process control of the at least one perlitization zone.
- FIG. 1 a schematic plan view of a rotary hearth furnace 1 according to the invention in ring type.
- the rotary hearth furnace 1 is used for heat treatment of workpieces 2 and in particular for Gasaufkohlung of metallic workpieces 2.
- the rotary hearth furnace 1 in the FIG. 1 Not shown ceiling plate, an outer wall 3, an inner wall 4 and a rotary hearth 5, on which the workpieces 2 are arranged.
- the ceiling plate of the rotary hearth 5 and the outer and inner walls 3, 4 define a furnace chamber 6, wherein the rotary hearth 5 the furnace chamber 6 bottom side and the outer wall 3 and the inner wall 4 limit the furnace chamber 6 in the circumferential direction.
- the ceiling plate limits the furnace chamber 6 on the ceiling side.
- the furnace chamber 6 has a carburizing zone 7, in which an enrichment of the workpieces 2 with carbon takes place under protective gas (endogas) or a protective gas atmosphere, and a treatment zone 8 downstream of the carburizing zone 7, the carburizing zone 7 already representing a type of treatment zone.
- the one carburization zone 7 may be subdivided into several carburizing zones.
- one of the carburizing zone 7 or the carburizing zones may be preceded by a heating zone.
- At least one closable opening 9 is provided, which serves for loading and / or unloading of the furnace chamber 6 with workpieces 2.
- a workpiece 2 introduced through the opening 9 into the furnace chamber 6 is arranged on the rotary hearth 5 or a frame mounted on the rotary hearth 5 and then rotates together with the rotary hearth 5 rotatable about an imaginary axis of rotation 10, the direction of rotation being counteracted in the illustrated embodiment clockwise, in the direction of arrow A.
- the rotary hearth furnace 1 according to the invention can be operated in an opposite direction of rotation, in which case the different zones are to be arranged accordingly.
- the introduced through the opening 9 in the furnace chamber 6 and arranged on the rotary hearth 5 workpieces 2 first pass through the carburizing zone 7, in which they are enriched in a corresponding inert gas atmosphere, at least in its edge region with carbon at a temperature of about 950 ° C. In this enrichment with carbon, however, the initially described effect of grain coarsening occurs.
- a perlitization is provided within the rotary hearth furnace 1, which takes place in the treatment zone 8 downstream of the carburizing zone 7.
- the treatment zone 8 at the same time corresponds to the perlitization 11th
- the rotating with the rotary 5 workpieces 2 of the carburizing zone 7, in which the workpieces 2 at a temperature above 900 ° C under inert gas eg an endogas with about 20 % CO, approx. 40% H 2 , approx.
- the rotary hearth furnace 1 has a plurality of doors 12, 14, 15 and 16, which are vertically movable, for example, and separate the carburization zone 7 from the perlitization zone 11.
- the perlitization zone 11, which is defined by the pair of doors 14 and 15, is equipped with heating-cooling devices 17a and 17b, which within the perlitization zone 11 in the region of the outer wall 3 and inner wall 4 are arranged and ensure that prevails in the perlitization zone 11, a maximum temperature of 720 ° C, preferably a temperature of about 650 ° C in the perlitization zone 11 is desired.
- the heating-cooling devices 17a and 17b serve to cool the workpieces 2 coming from the carburizing zone 7 to a temperature of less than 720 ° C., so that a pearlitic structure can be formed.
- a protective gas discharge 19 is provided in the illustrated exemplary embodiment within the input lock zone 18, which discharges the protective gas originating from the carburizing zone 7.
- a protective gas discharge could be provided immediately in front of the door 12 within the carburizing zone 7, so that virtually no protective gas of the carburizing zone 7 accumulates in the inlet lock zone 18.
- Protective gas discharge 19 gas can be optionally burned off.
- the duration of the cooling process for the workpieces 2 can be shortened by different measures in the rotary hearth furnace 1 according to the invention.
- a first, optional measure provides within the entrance lock zone 18 heating-cooling devices 20a and 20b for cooling the workpieces 2, wherein only one of the two heating-cooling devices 20a or 20b may be provided.
- cooling air and / or cooling water can be sprayed into the entrance lock zone 18 for convective cooling of the workpieces, but then due to the risk of deflagration is then strictly ensure that no air enters the perlitization.
- the heating-cooling devices 17a and 17b are provided for cooling the workpieces 2 within the perlitization zone 11.
- the cooling of the workpieces 2 can be assisted by a protective gas supply 21, wherein the inert gas supplied to the perlitization zone 11 has a composition different from the protective gas of the carburizing zone 7 and serves for the convective cooling of the workpieces 2.
- an inert gas discharge 22 is optionally provided within the perlitization zone 11. As a result of this measure, it is possible to constantly introduce new protective gas into the perlitization zone 11 and to burn the protective gas possibly provided with combustible gases and discharged from the protective gas discharge 22.
- the workpieces 2 are then brought to Umkornung in a subsequent treatment zone, which is referred to herein as the heating zone 23, to a temperature above 800 ° C or Austenitmaschinestemperatur.
- the heating zone 23 downstream of the perlitization zone 11 has in the FIG. 1 Not shown heating-cooling devices to heat the workpieces 2 to Austenitmaschinestemperatur.
- the perlitization zone 11 is followed by an exit sluice zone 24.
- the exit lock zone 24 is in this case formed by the pair of movable doors 15 and 16 and, like the entrance lock zone 18, can receive at least one workpiece 2.
- the outlet lock zone 24 arranged between the perlitization zone 11 and the heating zone 23 has, in the embodiment shown, an outlet protective gas outlet 25, which is connected downstream of the perlitization zone 11 and which discharges the protective gas originating from the perlitization zone 11.
- the outlet protective gas discharge 25 can also be arranged outside the exit lock zone 24 in the region of the door 16 within the heating zone 23 in order to prevent the protective gas from the pelation zone 11 from spreading in the heating zone 23 and mixing with the protective gas there.
- heating / cooling devices 26a and 26b are already provided within the exit lock zone 24, whereby the workpieces 2 having a temperature higher than the temperature for perlitization enter the heating zone 23 ,
- the process of perlitization in the perlitization zone 11 and subsequent austenitization in the heating zone 23 may be repeated more than once, which may be referred to as so-called "commuting" within a temperature range for refining the texture. It is therefore conceivable according to a conceivable modification of the embodiment shown, a rotary hearth furnace 1, in which alternately perlitization zone 11 and heating zone 23 alternate to produce a workpiece 2 with a desired fine-grained structure and with a corresponding carbon content in its edge region. It is imperative that the perlitization zone 11 and the heating zone 23 are separated and separated from one another by means of appropriate sluice zones.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Tunnel Furnaces (AREA)
- Heat Treatments In General, Especially Conveying And Cooling (AREA)
- Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PL12175924T PL2685193T3 (pl) | 2012-07-11 | 2012-07-11 | Sposób oraz piec karuzelowy do obróbki cieplnej elementów obrabianych |
ES12175924.5T ES2532581T3 (es) | 2012-07-11 | 2012-07-11 | Procedimiento y horno de hogar rotativo para el tratamiento térmico de piezas de trabajo |
EP12175924.5A EP2685193B1 (de) | 2012-07-11 | 2012-07-11 | Verfahren und Drehherdofen zum Wärmebehandeln von Werkstücken |
CN201310242607.6A CN103540943B (zh) | 2012-07-11 | 2013-06-18 | 装载和卸载热处理炉的设备和方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP12175924.5A EP2685193B1 (de) | 2012-07-11 | 2012-07-11 | Verfahren und Drehherdofen zum Wärmebehandeln von Werkstücken |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2685193A1 EP2685193A1 (de) | 2014-01-15 |
EP2685193B1 true EP2685193B1 (de) | 2015-01-14 |
Family
ID=46724223
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP12175924.5A Not-in-force EP2685193B1 (de) | 2012-07-11 | 2012-07-11 | Verfahren und Drehherdofen zum Wärmebehandeln von Werkstücken |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2685193B1 (es) |
CN (1) | CN103540943B (es) |
ES (1) | ES2532581T3 (es) |
PL (1) | PL2685193T3 (es) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN105925785A (zh) * | 2016-07-07 | 2016-09-07 | 安庆市庆华精工机械有限责任公司 | 一种奥贝球铁衬套的热处理装置及处理方法 |
CN105925766A (zh) * | 2016-07-07 | 2016-09-07 | 安庆市庆华精工机械有限责任公司 | 一种转炉出钢口的热处理装置 |
CN105925787A (zh) * | 2016-07-07 | 2016-09-07 | 安庆市庆华精工机械有限责任公司 | 一种新型耐高温轴承的挂式热处理装置及处理方法 |
CN107990721A (zh) * | 2017-12-25 | 2018-05-04 | 青州鑫晖热能科技有限公司 | 一种隧道式反应釜搪瓷搅拌器烧结炉 |
CN113652631A (zh) * | 2021-08-29 | 2021-11-16 | 梁能舟 | 一种金属热处理用箱式气体渗碳炉 |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1758460B1 (de) * | 1968-06-05 | 1971-05-06 | Degussa | Ofenanlage zur waermebehandlung von werkstuecken unter schutzgasatmosphaeren |
DE3427716C1 (de) * | 1984-07-27 | 1985-11-14 | Daimler-Benz Ag, 7000 Stuttgart | Drehherdofen in Ringbauart zur Waermebehandlung von Werkstuecken |
DE19514289B4 (de) * | 1995-04-24 | 2006-09-21 | Loi Thermprocess Gmbh | Ofenanlage zum Wärmebehandeln von Werkstücken |
DE10310739A1 (de) * | 2002-03-27 | 2003-10-09 | Loi Thermprocess Gmbh | Anlage zum Wärmebehandeln von Werkstücken |
DE102004055808A1 (de) * | 2003-11-19 | 2005-06-23 | Loi Thermprocess Gmbh | Anlage und Verfahren zum Wärmebehandeln von Werkstücken |
DE102007038991A1 (de) | 2007-08-17 | 2009-02-19 | Daimler Ag | Drehherdofen zur Wärmebehandlung von Werkstücken |
CN201501905U (zh) * | 2009-08-26 | 2010-06-09 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | 辊底式多段退火炉 |
-
2012
- 2012-07-11 ES ES12175924.5T patent/ES2532581T3/es active Active
- 2012-07-11 EP EP12175924.5A patent/EP2685193B1/de not_active Not-in-force
- 2012-07-11 PL PL12175924T patent/PL2685193T3/pl unknown
-
2013
- 2013-06-18 CN CN201310242607.6A patent/CN103540943B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
PL2685193T3 (pl) | 2015-05-29 |
ES2532581T3 (es) | 2015-03-30 |
EP2685193A1 (de) | 2014-01-15 |
CN103540943B (zh) | 2017-03-01 |
CN103540943A (zh) | 2014-01-29 |
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