EP2681027A2 - Procédé et dispositif pour produire un élément structural - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif pour produire un élément structural

Info

Publication number
EP2681027A2
EP2681027A2 EP12707558.8A EP12707558A EP2681027A2 EP 2681027 A2 EP2681027 A2 EP 2681027A2 EP 12707558 A EP12707558 A EP 12707558A EP 2681027 A2 EP2681027 A2 EP 2681027A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
organic sheet
plastic
sheet
heating
injection mold
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP12707558.8A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Volker Hummel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ElringKlinger AG
Original Assignee
ElringKlinger AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ElringKlinger AG filed Critical ElringKlinger AG
Priority to EP20199243.5A priority Critical patent/EP3778179A1/fr
Publication of EP2681027A2 publication Critical patent/EP2681027A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/14—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles
    • B29C45/14311—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles using means for bonding the coating to the articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/14—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles
    • B29C45/14631—Coating reinforcements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/14—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles
    • B29C45/14778—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles the article consisting of a material with particular properties, e.g. porous, brittle
    • B29C45/14786—Fibrous material or fibre containing material, e.g. fibre mats or fibre reinforced material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/14—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles
    • B29C2045/1486—Details, accessories and auxiliary operations
    • B29C2045/14868—Pretreatment of the insert, e.g. etching, cleaning
    • B29C2045/14877—Pretreatment of the insert, e.g. etching, cleaning preheating or precooling the insert for non-deforming purposes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/17—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C45/1703—Introducing an auxiliary fluid into the mould

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a component which has a carrier formed by an organic sheet, to which at least one plastic support is formed. Furthermore, the invention relates to an apparatus for carrying out this method and a component produced by this method.
  • Organo-sheet components form lightweight and at the same time mechanically heavy-duty elements, which are advantageously used, in particular, in the automotive industry.
  • An organo-sheet is understood by the person skilled in the art to mean a flat material made of one or more plastics and a fiber reinforcement of fiber reinforcements which has such a length that the material forming the organic sheet can not be processed in an injection molding process.
  • these long fibers in the organic sheet on at least one preferred direction - in the organic sheet the fibers can form a plurality of superimposed layers, wherein the preferred direction of a layer differs from the preferred direction in another layer.
  • the fibers may be embedded in a plastic that differs from another plastic in which the entire fiber reinforcement is embedded.
  • the fiber reinforcement consists of so-called endless fibers, which are not actually endless, but extend uninterruptedly over the entire dimension of a part formed by the organic sheet, this dimension or dimensions extending or extending in the direction or those directions in which in which the organic sheet is claimed in use, in particular train.
  • the plastic or plastics are, in particular, thermoplastics, above all the plastic in which the entire fiber reinforcement is embedded is preferably made of a thermoplastic material. formed plastic plastic, while the fibers may be embedded in a lying inside the sheet metal other plastic, which is not a thermoplastic material, but preferably is such a plastic, which has a certain flexibility after heating, so that The organo sheet can be transformed while warm.
  • the thermoplastic material in which the entire fiber reinforcement is embedded is a polyamide, so that at least the two main surfaces of the organic sheet are at least predominantly formed by this polyamide.
  • the fiber reinforcement may consist of long fibers, fiber bundles, rovings or the like.
  • matrix used below means either that plastic in which the entire fiber reinforcement is embedded, but this matrix may also comprise those, optionally other plastic, in which the fibers are first embedded in order to make the fiber reinforcement manageable.
  • an organic sheet blank is heated as a whole to have a flexible, easily moldable state similar to a flexible fabric. In this state, the organic sheet can be easily formed. After cooling of the organic sheet, in particular at room temperature, the organic sheet is solidified and forms a rigid, highly resilient part.
  • the rib structures are produced in an injection molding process by injecting plastic into a corresponding injection mold.
  • the simplest approach is to spray on the cooled and solidified and thus dimensionally stable organo sheet the rib structure.
  • the dimensionally stable organic sheet provides a geometrically accurate reference surface, to which the rib structure can be applied exactly.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a method and an apparatus which or which allows the lowest possible design effort a precise and reproducible production of components of the type mentioned.
  • the plastic is a Having rib structure and in particular is formed by a plurality of separate ribs;
  • the plastic may also have a different shape, in particular a substantially flat shape, if it at least substantially does not serve the stiffening of the organic sheet, but other purposes, for example, through the plastic on the component would be with another component connect, in particular in the manner of a welding operation, when a surface or a surface portion of this further component is at least substantially formed of a plastic and in particular of a thermoplastic material, wherein the plastic support then preferably one or more projections,
  • the invention thus relates in particular to a method for producing a component consisting of an organic sheet with a rib structure consisting of plastic.
  • the organic sheet is placed in an injection mold. Then, selectively exposed in the injection mold body locations of the organic sheet to which the rib structure is to be attached, heated. Then, with the injection mold closed, the rib structure is applied to the preheated sites of the organic sheet by means of an injection molding process.
  • components can be produced in a rational manner consisting of organic sheet and rib structures made of plastic, wherein it is particularly advantageous that the connections between the organic sheet and the rib structures are highly stable and accurately positioned.
  • the basic idea of the preferred embodiment of the invention consists in the fact that the rib structures are applied to the at least virtually solidified and thus dimensionally stable organic sheet, which is an essential prerequisite for a positionally accurate attachment of the rib structure. It is essential in the method according to the invention that prior to the application of the rib structure to the organic sheet this is locally heated, namely selectively only at the points at which the rib structures are to be arranged later. Then plastic, and preferably thermoplastic material, is sprayed in a subsequent injection molding process exactly on these heated spots, so that there the rib structures are formed.
  • the heated areas of the organic sheet are so strongly heated, preferably to a temperature above 180 ° C, that only at these points, the organic sheet forms a softened layer, which connects firmly and stably with the sprayed-on plastic thereafter.
  • the rib structures consist particularly advantageously of the same or a similar plastic as the plastic fraction of the organic sheet, whereby a particularly good bond is obtained.
  • the entire remainder of the organic sheet remains in the solidified state, preferably at room temperature.
  • This solidified part of the organic sheet forms a rigid support, which ensures a positionally accurate application of the plastic support, in particular the rib structure. It is particularly advantageous here that the injection mold, since the organic sheet remains largely stable throughout the entire process, does not itself have to be heated to high temperatures.
  • the injection mold on a tool with at least two mutually positionable tool parts.
  • a first tool part has a receptacle in which the organic sheet can be inserted so that its locations at which the rib structures are to be attached, are exposed.
  • the further tool part has means for producing the rib structures.
  • the heating of the individual points of the organic sheet is preferably carried out with a particular inert hot gas, in particular with nitrogen. This position-accurate, non-contact heating of the bodies of organic sheet is possible.
  • the selective heating of locations of the organic sheet is produced by means of a heating element.
  • the heating element forms a unit independent of the tool part.
  • the heating element has an arrangement of hot gas outlets, which corresponds to the geometry of the rib structure.
  • the heating element is moved into the intermediate spaces between the tool parts and positioned in front of the organic sheet such that the heating element selectively heats the areas of the organic sheet provided for the rib structure with hot gas from the hot gas outlets.
  • the heating element forms a separate from the injection mold, modular unit that is flexible to handle and can be used without affecting the injection molding process in the injection mold.
  • the means for selective heating of locations of the organoplates held in a mold part of the injection mold are part of the injection mold.
  • As means for selective heating of locations of the organic sheet heating channels are provided, which are assigned to the means for producing the rib structure in the or the other tool parts.
  • the means for producing the rib structure have cavity structures in which plastic is injected to form the ribs on the organic sheet, wherein the heating channels open into these cavity structures.
  • the heating channels in a tool part is structurally ensured that the heating of the organic sheet takes place exactly only at the points where the rib structures are to be attached. Furthermore, it is advantageous that for the selective heating of locations of the organic sheet no independent unit is used, which must be aligned separately. Rather, the heating channels are already aligned correctly to the organic sheet by positioning the other tool part for performing the injection molding process.
  • Plastic pads apply, as far as these features and advantages are not based solely on a rib structure, and the same applies to the later still following description of illustrated in the accompanying drawings particularly advantageous embodiments of the invention.
  • the organic sheet When carrying out the process according to the invention, the organic sheet will usually be inserted into the injection mold as a preformed part and given its final shape by closing the injection mold, which either presupposes that the organic sheet is inserted at a temperature above room temperature or once more in the injection mold is heated sufficiently.
  • the surfaces of an organo-sheet loaded with elevated temperature into the injection mold cool down relatively rapidly due to their contact with the injection mold when the latter has room temperature or at least nearly room temperature. From this it becomes clear what significance the selective heating of the organic sheet has for the adhesion of the plastic coating.
  • the inventive method not only brings the advantage that there is a better bond between the plastic on lay and the organic sheet, but with the help of the method according to the invention, the plastic support can also be positioned particularly accurately on the organic sheet, and without much effort and at short cycle times.
  • the plastic coating is produced by injection molding onto an organic sheet, as long as it is altogether at such a high temperature as is the case during or immediately after a forming process, the high pressure injection of the plastic results in deformations of the surface of the organic sheet.
  • the method according to the invention namely by only selectively heating the surface of the organic sheet, ie only one or more relatively small surface areas of the organic sheet, however, results in a component which is characterized in that the surface of the finished component in the immediate vicinity the plastic overlay or the ribs has their predetermined shape without appreciable deformations.
  • Figures 1 to 6 Representation of a first embodiment of a device with an injection mold in different phases for producing a component consisting of an organic sheet with a rib structure made of plastic.
  • FIGS. 7 to 13 show a second embodiment of a device with an injection mold in different phases for producing a component consisting of a
  • Organo sheet with a rib structure made of plastic.
  • FIGS 1 to 6 show a first embodiment of a device with an injection mold 1 for producing a component 2 consisting of an organic sheet 3 with a rib structure made of plastic.
  • FIG. 1 shows the organic sheet 3 before machining in the injection mold 1.
  • FIG. 6 shows the finished component 2.
  • the injection mold 1 comprises a tool with two mutually movable tool parts 4a, 4b.
  • the tool parts 4a, 4b can be moved towards one another or lifted away from one another in the vertical direction by a lifting mechanism not shown separately.
  • a guide rail also not shown, is provided, by means of which a tool part 4 a can be moved transversely to the other tool part 4 b.
  • the organic sheet 3 is in a known manner from an endless fiber reinforced thermoplastic. As can be seen from FIG. 1, the organic sheet 3 has a three-dimensional trough shape. This trough shape was obtained by a forming process in a forming tool in which the entire organic sheet 3 was heated to such high temperatures, that this was flexible and freely malleable. Thereafter, the organo sheet 3 was cooled, z. B. to room temperature, so that the organic sheet 3 is solidified in the shape shown in Figure 1, but at least substantially dimensionally stable.
  • the thus formed, detected organo sheet 3 forms the starting point for carrying out the method shown in Figures 1 to 6.
  • FIG. 1 shows the tool parts 4a, 4b in their extended position.
  • the first tool part 4 a has a receptacle 5, which is adapted to the contour of the organic sheet 3.
  • the organo-sheet 3, which is kept at room temperature, is inserted into this receptacle 5 in a first step (FIG. 2).
  • the second tool part 4b has cavities 6 opening out on its front side facing the first tool part 4a, into which plastic can be injected in order to carry out an injection molding process.
  • the arrangements and dimensions of the cavities 6 forming a cavity structure specify the geometry of the rib structure to be produced on the organic sheet 3.
  • a heating element 7 is provided for this purpose as a separate unit.
  • the heating element 7 has an arrangement of channels 7a into which hot gas, in particular nitrogen, can be introduced by a heating device 8.
  • the channels 7a have exactly the geometry of the rib structures predetermining cavities 6 of the tool part 4b.
  • the heating element 7 is positioned in front of the organic sheet 3 in such a way that by discharging hot gas via the channels 7a it heats the points exactly and exclusively on which the rib structures are to be attached. With the heating element 7 is heated to a temperature of more than 180 ° C, so that the thermoplastic matrix of the organic sheet 3 locally hits the heated points and in particular is at least almost melted.
  • FIG. 4 shows the injection mold 1 thus closed.
  • plastic is injected into the cavities 6 of the tool part 4b to form the rib structure in an injection molding process.
  • the injected into the cavities 6 plastic meets exactly the heated areas of the organic sheet 3. This is a particularly strong, durable connection of the rib structure thus obtained obtained on the organic sheet 3.
  • the injection mold 1 After cooling of the plastic and the heated areas of the organic sheet 3, as shown in Figure 5, the injection mold 1 opened by moving apart of the tool parts 4a, 4b, so that the finished component 2 consisting of the organo sheet 3 and applied to the top, the rib structure forming ribs 9 in the receptacle 5 is exposed.
  • FIGS. 7 to 13 show a further device for carrying out a variant of the method according to the invention.
  • the structure of the device of Figures 7 to 13 with an injection mold 1 largely corresponds to the embodiment of Figures 1 to 6.
  • a difference is that now the means for local heating of predetermined locations of the organic sheet 3 in the injection mold 1, namely in the tool part 4b themselves are integrated. These means are formed by heating channels 10, directly to the cavities 6 for Generate the rib structure. Via a heating device 8, hot gas can be conducted via the heating channels 10 into the cavities 6.
  • FIG. 7 again shows the starting point of the method, namely a preformed organic sheet 3 which is at room temperature and an injection mold 1 with tool parts 4a, 4b moved apart.
  • FIG. 8 shows the second step after the organic sheet 3 has been inserted into the receptacle 5 of the tool part 4a.
  • FIG. 9 shows, the injection mold 1 is closed by moving the tool parts 4a, 4b together.
  • the heating device 8 is brought to the inlet of the heating channels 10, so that hot gas is passed through the heating channels 10 in the cavities 6. With the guided into the cavities 6 hot gas, the organic sheet 3 is heated exactly and exclusively at the points at which subsequently the rib structures are applied.
  • the application of the rib structures takes place again in an injection process, which is shown in FIG.
  • the heating channels 10 are closed by means not shown, whereby the warm-up of the organic sheet 3 is completed.
  • Plastic is then injected into the cavities 6 in a known manner by means likewise not shown in order to produce the rib structure on the organic sheet 3.
  • the injection mold 1 is opened by moving the tool parts 4a, 4b apart. Then the component 2 is open in the receptacle 5 of the tool part 4a.
  • the finished component 2 is removed from the tool part 4 a with an ejection unit, not shown. Then, the method steps according to FIGS. 7 to 12 can be carried out again to produce a further component 2.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Injection Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé et un dispositif pour produire un élément structural présentant un support constitué d'une tôle organique, support sur lequel est moulée au moins une couche de matière plastique. L'invention vise à produire un élément structural de manière que la couche en matière plastique soit liée de manière fiable au support en tôle organique et que la forme dudit élément corresponde au moins aussi précisément que possible à une configuration prédéfinie. A cet effet, la tôle organique est introduite dans un moule de moulage par injection, puis sélectivement au moins une zone de la tôle organique, qui demeure dégagée dans le moule de moulage par injection et sur laquelle doit être moulée au moins une couche de matière plastique, est chauffée. La au moins une couche de matière plastique est ensuite appliquée au moyen d'un procédé de moulage par injection sur la au moins une zone préchauffée de la tôle en matière plastique, le moule de moulage par injection étant alors fermé.
EP12707558.8A 2011-03-04 2012-03-02 Procédé et dispositif pour produire un élément structural Withdrawn EP2681027A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP20199243.5A EP3778179A1 (fr) 2011-03-04 2012-03-02 Procédé et dispositif de fabrication d'un composant

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102011013131A DE102011013131A1 (de) 2011-03-04 2011-03-04 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung eines Bauteils
PCT/EP2012/053652 WO2012119952A2 (fr) 2011-03-04 2012-03-02 Procédé et dispositif pour produire un élément structural

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP20199243.5A Division EP3778179A1 (fr) 2011-03-04 2012-03-02 Procédé et dispositif de fabrication d'un composant

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2681027A2 true EP2681027A2 (fr) 2014-01-08

Family

ID=45808901

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP12707558.8A Withdrawn EP2681027A2 (fr) 2011-03-04 2012-03-02 Procédé et dispositif pour produire un élément structural
EP20199243.5A Withdrawn EP3778179A1 (fr) 2011-03-04 2012-03-02 Procédé et dispositif de fabrication d'un composant

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP20199243.5A Withdrawn EP3778179A1 (fr) 2011-03-04 2012-03-02 Procédé et dispositif de fabrication d'un composant

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (2) EP2681027A2 (fr)
DE (1) DE102011013131A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2012119952A2 (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102013003538A1 (de) 2013-03-02 2014-09-04 Audi Ag Bauteil mit einer Kernstruktur und einer aus faserverstärktem Kunststoff gebildeten Deckschicht, sowie Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung
EP3017930A1 (fr) * 2014-11-07 2016-05-11 Compagnie Plastic Omnium Moule comprenant un moyen de chauffage pour le surmoulage d'un insert composite
CN114074408A (zh) * 2022-01-19 2022-02-22 宁波明讯实业有限公司 一种新能源汽车驱动电机低压电器盒成型模具

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JPS57140119A (en) * 1981-02-26 1982-08-30 Aisin Seiki Co Ltd Nozzle of hot-air welder for bonding different resin members
JPS63295309A (ja) * 1987-05-28 1988-12-01 Hakamada Beruto Kogyo Kk 搬送ベルトにおける被搬送物支持片の形成方法
JPH04216024A (ja) * 1990-12-13 1992-08-06 Sekisui Chem Co Ltd 二色成形法
JPH05269785A (ja) * 1992-03-24 1993-10-19 Sekisui Chem Co Ltd 複合成形品の製造方法
JP3088603B2 (ja) * 1994-01-24 2000-09-18 株式会社クボタ 受口付パイプの製造方法
JPH11320605A (ja) * 1998-05-14 1999-11-24 Polyplastics Co 複合成形品及びその製造方法
DE10019163A1 (de) * 2000-04-12 2001-10-18 Volkswagen Ag Ausströmvorrichtung zum Warmgas-Verschweißen von Kunststoffteilen und Verfahren zum Warmgas-Verschweißen von Kunststoffteilen
DE10250751A1 (de) * 2002-10-31 2004-05-19 Hans Georg Schulz Verfahren zum Schweissen von Kunststoffteilen, insbesondere zum Verbinden von Kunststoffteilen entlang einer Schweisslinie
JP4023465B2 (ja) * 2004-03-25 2007-12-19 株式会社デンソー 樹脂成形品の二次成形時における加熱媒体送給方法及び装置
DE102006010271A1 (de) * 2006-03-02 2007-09-06 Lanxess Deutschland Gmbh Verbinden von faserverstärktem Material mit einem Spritzgussmaterial, Bauteil nebst Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
US20110039470A1 (en) * 2009-07-30 2011-02-17 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Overmolded heat resistant polyamide composite structures and processes for their preparation

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See also references of WO2012119952A2 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2012119952A2 (fr) 2012-09-13
EP3778179A1 (fr) 2021-02-17
WO2012119952A3 (fr) 2012-11-08
DE102011013131A1 (de) 2012-09-06

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