EP2680666A1 - Domestic appliance - Google Patents

Domestic appliance Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2680666A1
EP2680666A1 EP13172373.6A EP13172373A EP2680666A1 EP 2680666 A1 EP2680666 A1 EP 2680666A1 EP 13172373 A EP13172373 A EP 13172373A EP 2680666 A1 EP2680666 A1 EP 2680666A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
substrate
domestic appliance
electrically conductive
heating device
appliance according
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP13172373.6A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2680666B1 (en
Inventor
Thomas Dr. Copitzky
Jochen Grimminger
Christian Dr. Hafer
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BSH Hausgeraete GmbH
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BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeraete GmbH
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Publication of EP2680666A1 publication Critical patent/EP2680666A1/en
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Publication of EP2680666B1 publication Critical patent/EP2680666B1/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A45—HAND OR TRAVELLING ARTICLES
    • A45D—HAIRDRESSING OR SHAVING EQUIPMENT; EQUIPMENT FOR COSMETICS OR COSMETIC TREATMENTS, e.g. FOR MANICURING OR PEDICURING
    • A45D20/00—Hair drying devices; Accessories therefor
    • A45D20/04—Hot-air producers
    • A45D20/08—Hot-air producers heated electrically
    • A45D20/10—Hand-held drying devices, e.g. air douches
    • A45D20/12—Details thereof or accessories therefor, e.g. nozzles, stands
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
    • H05B3/12—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
    • H05B3/14—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
    • H05B3/145—Carbon only, e.g. carbon black, graphite
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
    • H05B3/18—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor the conductor being embedded in an insulating material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
    • H05B3/26—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor mounted on insulating base
    • H05B3/265—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor mounted on insulating base the insulating base being an inorganic material, e.g. ceramic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/40—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
    • H05B3/42—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible
    • H05B3/48—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/84—Heating arrangements specially adapted for transparent or reflecting areas, e.g. for demisting or de-icing windows, mirrors or vehicle windshields
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/013—Heaters using resistive films or coatings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/022—Heaters specially adapted for heating gaseous material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2214/00—Aspects relating to resistive heating, induction heating and heating using microwaves, covered by groups H05B3/00, H05B6/00
    • H05B2214/04—Heating means manufactured by using nanotechnology

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a household appliance with a heating device according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a generic household appliance may for example be a hair dryer having a heating device with wound and current-carrying metal heating wires.
  • the heating wires can be wound either with the same or variable radius, so that not only the air near the housing wall, but also in the middle of the air flow can be heated directly.
  • the heating wires are usually wound on Mikanithalteritch and then form according to the available wings square or hexagonal structures.
  • the present invention addresses the problem of providing an improved or at least one alternative embodiment for household appliances of the generic type, which is characterized in particular by an alternative heating device.
  • the present invention is based on the general idea, a heater of a generic household appliance, such as a Warm Kunststoffstylingbürste, a convection oven or a hair dryer, completely new and thus form alternative to previously known heaters with heating wires.
  • the heating device according to the invention has an electrically non-conductive substrate as the carrier material and an electrically conductive coating arranged thereon, which heats up in the current-carrying state.
  • the heating device may also comprise an electrically conductive porous material in the manner of a foam which heats up in the current-carrying state.
  • an electrical insulator instead of a current-carrying metallic heating wire, an electrical insulator (substrate) is used, which is coated with an electrically conductive coating.
  • the compatibility of insulating and electrically conductive material is here the compatibility of insulating and electrically conductive material.
  • the resistance values are of importance in order to determine the area and / or geometry needed for the required resistance of the heating device.
  • the resistance can also be set via the layer thickness of the electrically conductive coating, after which, in any case, the power density, that is to say the power which may be introduced into the system per unit area, must be taken into account.
  • the electrically insulated material are exemplified glass, glass fibers and ceramics. Of course, high-temperature-resistant plastics or silicones can also be used.
  • an electrically conductive coating are exemplified carbonaceous materials (eg with carbon nanotubes and / or graphite and / or carbon black) indium tin oxide (ITO) and antimony tin oxide (ATO) or metal-containing coatings (eg steamings)) called.
  • ITO indium tin oxide
  • ATO antimony tin oxide
  • metal-containing coatings eg steamings
  • the heating device according to the invention in a hair dryer or a circulating air oven when the substrate has a comparatively high porosity and thus a large surface over which the heat transfer can take place.
  • the air flow to be heated is thus preferably passed through the substrate.
  • fibers eg glass fibers, eg coated with ATO
  • porous foams eg ceramic or glass, eg coated with carbonaceous materials or ATO
  • nonwovens eg glass, eg coated with ATO
  • tubes eg glass or ceramic, eg coated with ATO or carbonaceous material.
  • the heating device according to the invention also offers the possibility to build lighter hair dryer.
  • High-temperature-resistant plastics or silicones can also work in this sense.
  • the use of coated substrates requires significantly less installation space, in particular for heat transfer, than conventional heating wire heating systems. This should also apply to wound glass fiber heaters, provided that the resistance per length of this system is higher than that of the conventional heating wire, so with less wire length of the same resistance and thus the same heating power can be generated. It must always be ensured that the heating device generates the resulting power densities per area and if necessary, it can withstand long-term per volume.
  • the required support plates can usually be made smaller, for example, shorter because fewer windings are required. This in turn gives new scope and new space reserves or opens the possibility to build the hair dryer itself smaller.
  • the heating device according to the invention for the household appliance may also comprise an electrically conductive, porous material which heats up in the current-carrying state.
  • the electrically conductive material thus has a finite electrical resistance and can thus be heated directly by means of current flow.
  • silicon carbide can be used as a material for this purpose. This offers the great advantage that an additional coating is not required.
  • the substrate, the conductive coating and / or the electrically conductive material have catalytically active substances.
  • These catalytically active substances can be of great advantage, in particular in the use of the heating device according to the invention in a circulating air oven, since they decompose components of the stove air, such as fats, and thereby can cause an odor emission or a fat reduction.
  • Such catalytically active substances may be, for example, inorganic porous materials, such as, for example, zeolites or perlites, which, if appropriate, may additionally effect a fat storage or, in general, an odorant storage.
  • Such an air-cleaning effect could also be of great advantage in the case of catalytically active substances in hair dryers or hot-air styling brushes, since the quality of the air is simultaneously improved when the hair is dried.
  • Such a heater with catalytically active substances could therefore also be used in hot air blowers for heating rooms.
  • a preparation of the heating device according to the invention can be carried out, for example, as follows: in the present case, a carbon nanotubes (CNT) -enriched ceramic slip, which is adjusted by the CNT content such that, after a final temperature step, it forms a solid ceramic body, in particular the type of coating, with defined electrical resistance.
  • the electrical resistance must be in a range that is an electrical Heating the material allows (eg at an operating voltage of 230 V a total resistance of less than 1 kOhm).
  • a heatable foam body is now produced, in which initially an open-cell, organic foam is coated by means of a dipping process with the ceramic slip mixed with CNTs. Subsequently, both are fired together, whereby the organics burns and an open-cell, ceramic foam remains in the form of the original organic foam.
  • This foam body can now be used as a heater thanks to its resistance reduced by the CNT.
  • a conductive open-cell ceramic foam as follows: An existing ceramic foam of commercial oxide or silicate ceramic (ie not electrically conductive) is coated with an additional conductive layer of CNTs.
  • a suitable electrical contacting must still take place, for example by partial metallization.
  • this heater is introduced into the recirculating air stream, it can be heated by the application of electrical voltage until glowing and thus heats the air flowing through it. Due to the very large available contact surface between the heater and the overflowing air and the prevailing turbulent flow there is a particularly good heat transfer.
  • there is the possibility of coating the contact surface with catalytically active materials because of the high prevailing temperatures allow a catalytic cleaning of the air directly to the heater.
  • the advantages of the heating device according to the invention are in particular in the comparatively high heating rate, compared to the metal-based heating wires higher temperatures, high efficiency, the ability to Um Kunststoffkatalyse (fat already degrade during cooking or roasting) and the general freedom from nickel and chromium.
  • a domestic appliance 1 has a heating device 2 according to the invention.
  • the household appliance 1 according to the Fig. 1 is doing as convection oven 3 and according to the Fig. 2 designed as a hair dryer 4.
  • the heating device 2 according to the invention may comprise an electrically nonconductive substrate 5 (cf. Fig. 3 , Right half of the picture) as a carrier material and an arranged thereon, electrically conductive coating 6, which heats in the current-carrying state.
  • the heating device 2 may also comprise an electrically conductive, porous material 7, which heats up in the current-carrying state. In this case, therefore, no additional electrically conductive coating 5 is required.
  • the first alternative embodiment is according to the Fig. 3 in a right half of the picture, whereas in the left half of the picture the second alternative embodiment is shown.
  • the substrate 5 may comprise, for example, glass, glass fibers, plastic, here in particular silicon or ceramic, wherein the substrate 5 may generally be made of silicon dioxide (Si20), aluminum oxide (Al2O3) or silicon nitride (Si3N4).
  • the electrically conductive coating 6 may be carbonaceous, in particular graphitic, sooty, or carbon nanotubes, or metal-containing. Also conceivable is a formation of indium tin oxide (ITO) or antimony tin oxide (ATO).
  • the substrate 5 has a porous, in particular foam-like and air-permeable structure and, like the electrically conductive material 7, may have a porosity of 70 to 95%.
  • the material 7 or the substrate 5 is permeable to air and also has a comparatively large inner surface, which leads to a good heat transfer. Due to the high inner surface, caused by the large porosity, also a turbulent flow when flowing through the heater 2 and thus also a good heat transfer is achieved.
  • the coating 6 can be applied to the substrate 5, for example by means of vapor deposition, printing or spraying.
  • the substrate 5, the conductive coating 6 and / or the electrically conductive material 7 may additionally comprise catalytically inorganic porous material components, such as zeolites or perlites, or other catalytically active substances, which in particular have a catalytic effect and, for example, an odor emission or also an odor storage, especially a fat storage cause.
  • the combustion heat produced by these catalytically active substances could additionally serve to heat the air flowing through in the circulating air oven 3 (energy labeling) or compensate for heat losses.
  • the flow through the heating device 2 with the air to be heated for example, by means of a fan 8 (see. Fig. 2, 3rd ) respectively.
  • a fan 8 see. Fig. 2, 3rd
  • an effective heating of the air to be heated can be achieved and achieve a generally completely different heating concept in previously known household appliances 1, such as circulating air stoves 3 or hair dryers 4.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)

Abstract

The appliance has a heating device (2) comprising an electrical non-conductive substrate (5) as support material and an electrical conductive coating (6) arranged on the substrate. The electrical conductive coating is heated in a current-conducting state. The heating device comprises an electrical conductive, porous material (7) heated in a current-conducting state. The substrate comprises glasses, glass fibers, plastic i.e. silicone, and ceramic. The substrate exhibits a porous, foam-like, air-permeable structure.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Haushaltsgerät mit einer Heizeinrichtung gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The present invention relates to a household appliance with a heating device according to the preamble of claim 1.

Ein gattungsgemäßes Haushaltsgerät kann beispielsweise ein Haartrockner sein, der eine Heizeinrichtung mit gewickelten und stromdurchflossenen Heizdrähten aus Metall aufweist. Die Heizdrähte können entweder mit gleichem oder mit variablem Radius gewickelt sein, so dass nicht nur die Luft nahe der Gehäusewandung, sondern auch in der Mitte des Luftstroms direkt beheizt werden kann. Die Heizdrähte werden üblicherweise auf Mikanithalterungen aufgewickelt und bilden dann entsprechend der zur Verfügung stehenden Flügel quadratische oder sechseckige Strukturen.A generic household appliance may for example be a hair dryer having a heating device with wound and current-carrying metal heating wires. The heating wires can be wound either with the same or variable radius, so that not only the air near the housing wall, but also in the middle of the air flow can be heated directly. The heating wires are usually wound on Mikanithalterungen and then form according to the available wings square or hexagonal structures.

Die vorliegende Erfindung beschäftigt sich mit dem Problem, eine verbesserte oder zumindest eine alternative Ausführungsform für Haushaltsgeräte der gattungsgemäßen Art anzugeben, die sich insbesondere durch eine alternative Heizeinrichtung auszeichnet.The present invention addresses the problem of providing an improved or at least one alternative embodiment for household appliances of the generic type, which is characterized in particular by an alternative heating device.

Dieses Problem wird erfindungsgemäß durch den Gegenstand des unabhängigen Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen sind Gegenstand der abhängigen Ansprüche.This problem is solved according to the invention by the subject matter of independent claim 1. Advantageous embodiments are the subject of the dependent claims.

Die vorliegende Erfindung beruht auf dem allgemeinen Gedanken, eine Heizeinrichtung eines gattungsgemäßen Haushaltsgerätes, wie beispielsweise einer Warmluftstylingbürste, einem Umluftherd oder einem Haartrockner, völlig neuartig und damit alternativ zu bisher bekannten Heizeinrichtungen mit Heizdrähten auszubilden. Die erfindungsgemäße Heizeinrichtung weist dazu ein elektrisch nicht leitendes Substrat als Trägermaterial sowie eine darauf angeordnete elektrisch leitfähige Beschichtung auf, die sich in stromdurchflossenem Zustand erhitzt. Alternativ hierzu kann die Heizeinrichtung auch ein elektrisch leitfähiges poröses Material in der Art eines Schaumes aufweisen, welches sich im stromdurchflossenen Zustand erhitzt. Bei der ersten alternativen Ausführungsform wird somit anstatt eines stromdurchflossenen metallischen Heizdrahtes ein elektrischer Isolator (Substrat) verwendet, der mit einer elektrisch leitfähigen Beschichtung überzogen wird. Wichtig bei der Auswahl der passenden Systeme ist dabei die Kompatibilität von isolierendem und elektrisch leitendem Material. Weiterhin sind die Widerstandswerte, insbesondere die Flächenwiderstandswerte von Bedeutung, um die Fläche und/oder Geometrie zu bestimmen, die für den benötigten Widerstand der Heizeinrichtung gebraucht werden. Bis zu einem gewissen Grad kann der Widerstand auch über die Schichtdicke der elektrisch leitfähigen Beschichtung eingestellt werden, wonach auf jeden Fall auch die Leistungsdichte, das heißt die Leistung, die je Flächeneinheit in das System eingebracht werden darf, beachtet werden muss. Für das elektrisch isolierte Material seien beispielhaft Glas, Glasfasern und Keramik genannt. Es können selbstverständlich aber auch hochtemperaturbeständige Kunststoffe oder Silikone zum Einsatz kommen. Als elektrisch leitende Beschichtung seien beispielhaft kohlenstoffhaltige Werkstoffe (z.B. mit Carbon Nanotubes und/oder Graphit und/oder Ruß) Indiumzinnoxid (ITO) und Antimonzinnoxid (ATO) oder metallhaltige Beschichtungen (z.B. Bedampfungen)) genannt.The present invention is based on the general idea, a heater of a generic household appliance, such as a Warmluftstylingbürste, a convection oven or a hair dryer, completely new and thus form alternative to previously known heaters with heating wires. For this purpose, the heating device according to the invention has an electrically non-conductive substrate as the carrier material and an electrically conductive coating arranged thereon, which heats up in the current-carrying state. Alternatively, the heating device may also comprise an electrically conductive porous material in the manner of a foam which heats up in the current-carrying state. In the first alternative embodiment, instead of a current-carrying metallic heating wire, an electrical insulator (substrate) is used, which is coated with an electrically conductive coating. Important in the selection of suitable systems is here the compatibility of insulating and electrically conductive material. Furthermore, the resistance values, in particular the sheet resistance values, are of importance in order to determine the area and / or geometry needed for the required resistance of the heating device. To a certain extent, the resistance can also be set via the layer thickness of the electrically conductive coating, after which, in any case, the power density, that is to say the power which may be introduced into the system per unit area, must be taken into account. For the electrically insulated material are exemplified glass, glass fibers and ceramics. Of course, high-temperature-resistant plastics or silicones can also be used. As an electrically conductive coating are exemplified carbonaceous materials (eg with carbon nanotubes and / or graphite and / or carbon black) indium tin oxide (ITO) and antimony tin oxide (ATO) or metal-containing coatings (eg steamings)) called.

Hinsichtlich der einsetzbaren Heizungsgeometrien ist es insbesondere bei der Anwendung der erfindungsgemäßen Heizeinrichtung in einem Haartrockner oder einem Umluftherd von großem Vorteil, wenn das Substrat eine vergleichsweise hohe Porosität aufweist und dadurch eine große Oberfläche, über die die Wärmeübertragung erfolgen kann. Der zu erwärmende Luftstrom wird somit vorzugsweise durch das Substrat geleitet. Bei den Heizungsgeometrien seien folgende Beispiele erwähnt: Fasern (z.B. Glasfasern, z.B. beschichtet mit ATO) poröse Schäume (z.B. Keramik oder Glas, z.B. beschichtet mit kohlenstoffhaltigen Materialien oder ATO), Vliese (z.B. Glas, z.B. beschichtet mit ATO), Röhren (z.B. Glas oder Keramik, z.B. beschichtet mit ATO oder kohlenstoffhaltigem Material). Durch die Verwendung von Substraten, wie beispielsweise Glas, Kunststoff oder Keramik, die in der Regel deutlich leichter sind als die Metalle herkömmlicher Heizdrähte, bietet die erfindungsgemäße Heizeinrichtung zudem die Möglichkeit, leichtere Haartrockner zu bauen. In diesem Sinne wirken können auch hochtemperaturbeständige Kunststoffe oder Silikone. Durch die Verwendung beschichteter Substrate wird insbesondere für die Wärmeübertragung deutlich weniger Bauraum benötigt als bei konventionellen Heizdrahtheizungen. Dies sollte ebenfalls für gewickelte Glasfaserheizkörper gelten, sofern der Widerstand je Länge dieses Systems höher ist als der des konventionellen Heizdrahtes, also mit weniger Drahtlänge der gleiche Widerstand und somit die gleiche Heizleistung generiert werden können. Hierbei ist stets darauf zu achten, dass die Heizeinrichtung die entstehenden Leistungsdichten je Fläche und gegebenenfalls je Volumen langfristig aushält. Werden beschichtete Glasfasern verwendet, können die erforderlichen Trägerplatten in der Regel kleiner gestaltet werden, z.B. kürzer da weniger Wicklungen erforderlich sind. Dies wiederum ergibt neuen Spielraum und neue Bauraumreserven oder aber eröffnet die Möglichkeit, den Haartrockner an sich kleiner zu bauen.With regard to the usable heater geometries, it is particularly advantageous when using the heating device according to the invention in a hair dryer or a circulating air oven when the substrate has a comparatively high porosity and thus a large surface over which the heat transfer can take place. The air flow to be heated is thus preferably passed through the substrate. The following examples are mentioned in the heating geometries: fibers (eg glass fibers, eg coated with ATO) porous foams (eg ceramic or glass, eg coated with carbonaceous materials or ATO), nonwovens (eg glass, eg coated with ATO), tubes (eg glass or ceramic, eg coated with ATO or carbonaceous material). By using substrates such as glass, plastic or ceramic, which are usually much lighter than the metals of conventional heating wires, the heating device according to the invention also offers the possibility to build lighter hair dryer. High-temperature-resistant plastics or silicones can also work in this sense. The use of coated substrates requires significantly less installation space, in particular for heat transfer, than conventional heating wire heating systems. This should also apply to wound glass fiber heaters, provided that the resistance per length of this system is higher than that of the conventional heating wire, so with less wire length of the same resistance and thus the same heating power can be generated. It must always be ensured that the heating device generates the resulting power densities per area and if necessary, it can withstand long-term per volume. If coated glass fibers are used, the required support plates can usually be made smaller, for example, shorter because fewer windings are required. This in turn gives new scope and new space reserves or opens the possibility to build the hair dryer itself smaller.

Alternativ kann die erfindungsgemäße Heizeinrichtung für das Haushaltsgerät auch ein elektrisch leitfähiges, poröses Material aufweisen, das sich in stromdurchflossenem Zustand erhitzt. Das elektrisch leitfähige Material besitzt somit einen endlichen elektrischen Widerstand und kann dadurch mittels Stromfluss direkt erhitzt werden. Als Material hierfür kann insbesondere Siliziumcarbid verwendet werden. Dies bietet den großen Vorteil, dass eine zusätzliche Beschichtung nicht erforderlich ist.Alternatively, the heating device according to the invention for the household appliance may also comprise an electrically conductive, porous material which heats up in the current-carrying state. The electrically conductive material thus has a finite electrical resistance and can thus be heated directly by means of current flow. As a material for this purpose, in particular silicon carbide can be used. This offers the great advantage that an additional coating is not required.

Bei einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung der erfindungsgemäßen Lösung weist das Substrat, die leitfähige Beschichtung und/oder das elektrisch leitfähige Material katalytisch aktive Substanzen auf. Diese katalytisch aktive Substanzen können insbesondere bei dem Einsatz der erfindungsgemäßen Heizeinrichtung in einem Umluftherd von großem Vorteil sein, da sie Bestandteile der Herdluft, wie beispielsweise Fette, zersetzen und dadurch eine Geruchsemission bzw. eine Fettreduzierung bewirken können. Derartige katalytisch aktive Substanzen können beispielsweise anorganische poröse Materialien sein, wie beispielsweise Zeolithe oder Perlite, die gegebenenfalls zusätzlich eine Fettspeicherung bzw. generell 1eine Geruchsstoffspeicherung bewirken können. Eine derartige Luft reinigende Wirkung könnte auch bei katalytisch aktiven Substanzen in Haartrocknern oder Warmluftstylingbürsten von großem Vorteil sein, da gleichzeitig beim Trocknen der Haare die Qualität der Luft verbessert wird. Eine solche Heizeinrichtung mit katalytisch aktiven Substanzen könnte demzufolge auch bei Heißluftgebläsen zum Beheizen von Räumen Anwendung finden.In an advantageous development of the solution according to the invention, the substrate, the conductive coating and / or the electrically conductive material have catalytically active substances. These catalytically active substances can be of great advantage, in particular in the use of the heating device according to the invention in a circulating air oven, since they decompose components of the stove air, such as fats, and thereby can cause an odor emission or a fat reduction. Such catalytically active substances may be, for example, inorganic porous materials, such as, for example, zeolites or perlites, which, if appropriate, may additionally effect a fat storage or, in general, an odorant storage. Such an air-cleaning effect could also be of great advantage in the case of catalytically active substances in hair dryers or hot-air styling brushes, since the quality of the air is simultaneously improved when the hair is dried. Such a heater with catalytically active substances could therefore also be used in hot air blowers for heating rooms.

Eine Herstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Heizeinrichtung kann beispielsweise wie folgt erfolgen: Ausgegangen wird im vorliegenden Fall von einem mit Carbon Nanotubes (CNT) angereicherten Keramikschlicker, der durch den CNT-Anteil so eingestellt ist, dass er nach einem abschließenden Temperaturschritt einen festen keramischen Körper, insbesondere in der Art einer Beschichtung, mit definiertem elektrischem Widerstand ergibt. Der elektrische Widerstand muss in einem Bereich liegen, der ein elektrisches Beheizen des Materials ermöglicht (z.B. bei einer Betriebsspannung von 230 V einen Gesamtwiderstand von kleiner als 1 kOhm). Aus diesem Keramikschlicker wird nun ein beheizbarer Schaumkörper hergestellt, in dem zunächst ein offenzelliger, organischer Schaum über ein Tauchverfahren mit dem mit CNTs versetzten Keramikschlicker überzogen wird. Anschließend wird beides zusammen gebrannt, wobei die Organik verbrennt und ein offenzelliger, keramischer Schaum in Form des ursprünglichen organischen Schaums zurück bleibt. Dieser Schaumkörper kann nun dank seines durch die CNT verminderten Widerstandes als Heizer genutzt werden.A preparation of the heating device according to the invention can be carried out, for example, as follows: in the present case, a carbon nanotubes (CNT) -enriched ceramic slip, which is adjusted by the CNT content such that, after a final temperature step, it forms a solid ceramic body, in particular the type of coating, with defined electrical resistance. The electrical resistance must be in a range that is an electrical Heating the material allows (eg at an operating voltage of 230 V a total resistance of less than 1 kOhm). From this ceramic slip a heatable foam body is now produced, in which initially an open-cell, organic foam is coated by means of a dipping process with the ceramic slip mixed with CNTs. Subsequently, both are fired together, whereby the organics burns and an open-cell, ceramic foam remains in the form of the original organic foam. This foam body can now be used as a heater thanks to its resistance reduced by the CNT.

Alternativ kann selbstverständlich auch ein leitfähiger offenzelliger Keramikschaum wie folgt hergestellt werden: Ein bestehender Keramikschaum aus kommerzieller Oxid- oder Silicatkeramik (also nicht elektrisch leitfähig) wird mit einer zusätzlichen leitfähigen Schicht aus CNTs beschichtet. Um den Schaum als Umluftheizer nutzen zu können, muss noch eine geeignete elektrische Kontaktierung erfolgen, beispielsweise durch ein partielles Metallisieren. Wird nun diese Heizeinrichtung in den Umluftstrom eingebracht, kann er durch das Anlegen elektrischer Spannung bis zum Glühen erwärmt werden und erhitzt so die ihn durchströmende Luft. Durch die sehr große zur Verfügung stehende Kontaktoberfläche zwischen der Heizeinrichtung und der diese überströmenden Luft sowie die dort herrschende turbulente Strömung ergibt sich ein besonders guter Wärmeübergang. Zusätzlich besteht die Möglichkeit einer Beschichtung der Kontaktoberfläche mit katalytisch aktiven Materialien, aufgrund der hohen herrschenden Temperaturen eine katalytische Reinigung der Luft direkt an der Heizeinrichtung ermöglichen.Alternatively, it is of course also possible to produce a conductive open-cell ceramic foam as follows: An existing ceramic foam of commercial oxide or silicate ceramic (ie not electrically conductive) is coated with an additional conductive layer of CNTs. In order to be able to use the foam as circulating air heater, a suitable electrical contacting must still take place, for example by partial metallization. Now, if this heater is introduced into the recirculating air stream, it can be heated by the application of electrical voltage until glowing and thus heats the air flowing through it. Due to the very large available contact surface between the heater and the overflowing air and the prevailing turbulent flow there is a particularly good heat transfer. In addition, there is the possibility of coating the contact surface with catalytically active materials, because of the high prevailing temperatures allow a catalytic cleaning of the air directly to the heater.

Die Vorteile der erfindungsgemäßen Heizeinrichtung liegen insbesondere in der vergleichsweise hohen Aufheizgeschwindigkeit, den im Vergleich zum Metall basierenden Heizdrähten höheren Temperaturen, einer hohen Effektivität, der Möglichkeit zur Umluftkatalyse (Fett bereits beim Gar- oder Bratvorgang abbauen) sowie der generellen Nickel- und Chromfreiheit.The advantages of the heating device according to the invention are in particular in the comparatively high heating rate, compared to the metal-based heating wires higher temperatures, high efficiency, the ability to Umluftkatalyse (fat already degrade during cooking or roasting) and the general freedom from nickel and chromium.

Weitere wichtige Merkmale und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen, aus den Zeichnungen und aus der zugehörigen Figurenbeschreibung anhand der Zeichnungen.Other important features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims, from the drawings and from the associated figure description with reference to the drawings.

Es versteht sich, dass die vorstehend genannten und die nachstehend noch zu erläuternden Merkmale nicht nur in der jeweils angegebenen Kombination, sondern auch in anderen Kombinationen oder in Alleinstellung verwendbar sind ohne den Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung zu verlassen.It is understood that the features mentioned above and those yet to be explained below can be used not only in the respectively specified combination but also in other combinations or in isolation without departing from the scope of the present invention.

Bevorzugte Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung sind in den Zeichnungen dargestellt und werden in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung näher erläutert, wobei sich gleiche Bezugszeichen auf gleiche oder ähnliche oder funktional gleiche Bauteile beziehen.Preferred embodiments of the invention are illustrated in the drawings and will be described in more detail in the following description, wherein like reference numerals refer to the same or similar or functionally identical components.

Dabei zeigen, jeweils schematisch,

Fig. 1
ein erfindungsgemäßes Haushaltsgerät in der Art eines Umluftherdes mit einer ebenfalls erfindungsgemäßen Heizeinrichtung,
Fig. 2
ein in der Art eines Haartrockners ausgestaltetes Haushaltsgerät,
Fig. 3
eine mögliche Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Heizeinrichtung.
Show, in each case schematically,
Fig. 1
an inventive household appliance in the manner of a circulating air oven with a heating device also according to the invention,
Fig. 2
a household appliance designed in the manner of a hair dryer,
Fig. 3
a possible embodiment of the heating device according to the invention.

Entsprechend den Fig. 1 und 2 weist ein Haushaltsgerät 1 eine erfindungsgemäße Heizeinrichtung 2 auf. Das Haushaltsgerät 1 gemäß der Fig. 1 ist dabei als Umluftherd 3 und gemäß der Fig. 2 als Haartrockner 4 ausgebildet. Die erfindungsgemäße Heizeinrichtung 2 kann in einer ersten alternativen Ausführungsform ein elektrisch nicht leitfähiges Substrat 5 (vgl. Fig. 3, rechte Bildhälfte) als Trägermaterial sowie eine darauf angeordnete, elektrisch leitfähige Beschichtung 6 aufweisen, die sich in stromdurchflossenem Zustand erhitzt. In einer zweiten alternativen Ausführungsform kann die Heizeinrichtung 2 auch ein elektrisch leitfähiges, poröses Material 7 aufweisen, welches sich in stromdurchflossenem Zustand erhitzt. In diesem Fall ist somit keine zusätzliche elektrisch leitfähige Beschichtung 5 erforderlich. Die erste alternative Ausführungsform ist dabei gemäß der Fig. 3 in einer rechten Bildhälfte gezeigt, wogegen in der linken Bildhälfte die zweite alternative Ausführungsform gezeigt ist.According to the Fig. 1 and 2 a domestic appliance 1 has a heating device 2 according to the invention. The household appliance 1 according to the Fig. 1 is doing as convection oven 3 and according to the Fig. 2 designed as a hair dryer 4. In a first alternative embodiment, the heating device 2 according to the invention may comprise an electrically nonconductive substrate 5 (cf. Fig. 3 , Right half of the picture) as a carrier material and an arranged thereon, electrically conductive coating 6, which heats in the current-carrying state. In a second alternative embodiment, the heating device 2 may also comprise an electrically conductive, porous material 7, which heats up in the current-carrying state. In this case, therefore, no additional electrically conductive coating 5 is required. The first alternative embodiment is according to the Fig. 3 in a right half of the picture, whereas in the left half of the picture the second alternative embodiment is shown.

Das Substrat 5 kann beispielsweise Glas, Glasfasern, Kunststoff, hier insbesondere Silikon oder Keramik aufweisen, wobei das Substrat 5 generell aus Siliziumdioxid (Si20), Aluminiumoxid (Al2O3) oder aus Siliziumnitrid (Si3N4) ausgebildet sein kann. Demgegenüber kann die elektrisch leitfähige Beschichtung 6 kohlenstoffhaltig sein, insbesondere graphithaltig, rußhaltig, oder aus Carbon Nanotubes, oder metallhaltig sein. Ebenfalls denkbar ist eine Ausbildung aus Indiumzinnoxid (ITO) oder Antimonzinnoxid (ATO). Generell besitzt das Substrat 5 eine poröse, insbesondere schaumartige und luftdurchlässige Struktur und kann ebenso wie das elektrisch leitfähige Material 7 eine Porosität von 70 bis 95 % aufweisen. In diesem Fall ist das Material 7 bzw. das Substrat 5 luftdurchlässig und besitzt zudem eine vergleichsweise große innere Oberfläche, die zu einer guten Wärmeübertragung führt. Durch die hohe innere Oberfläche, hervorgerufen durch die große Porosität, wird zudem eine turbulente Strömung beim Durchströmen der Heizeinrichtung 2 und damit ebenfalls eine gute Wärmeübertragung erzielt.The substrate 5 may comprise, for example, glass, glass fibers, plastic, here in particular silicon or ceramic, wherein the substrate 5 may generally be made of silicon dioxide (Si20), aluminum oxide (Al2O3) or silicon nitride (Si3N4). In contrast, the electrically conductive coating 6 may be carbonaceous, in particular graphitic, sooty, or carbon nanotubes, or metal-containing. Also conceivable is a formation of indium tin oxide (ITO) or antimony tin oxide (ATO). In general, the substrate 5 has a porous, in particular foam-like and air-permeable structure and, like the electrically conductive material 7, may have a porosity of 70 to 95%. In this case, the material 7 or the substrate 5 is permeable to air and also has a comparatively large inner surface, which leads to a good heat transfer. Due to the high inner surface, caused by the large porosity, also a turbulent flow when flowing through the heater 2 and thus also a good heat transfer is achieved.

Die Beschichtung 6 kann beispielsweise mittels Bedampfen, Bedrucken oder Besprühen auf das Substrat 5 aufgebracht werden. Generell kann das Substrat 5, die leitfähige Beschichtung 6 und/oder das elektrisch leitfähige Material 7 zusätzlich katalytisch anorganische poröse Materialbestandteile, wie beispielsweise Zeolithe oder Perlite, oder aber andere katalytisch aktive Substanzen aufweisen, die insbesondere eine katalytische Wirkung entfalten und beispielsweise eine Geruchsemission oder aber auch eine Geruchsspeicherung, insbesondere eine Fettspeicherung, bewirken. Die an diesen katalytisch aktiven Substanzen entstehende Verbrennungswärme könnte zusätzlich zur Erhitzung der durchströmenden Luft im Umluftherd 3 (Energielabeling) dienen bzw. Wärmeverluste ausgleichen.The coating 6 can be applied to the substrate 5, for example by means of vapor deposition, printing or spraying. In general, the substrate 5, the conductive coating 6 and / or the electrically conductive material 7 may additionally comprise catalytically inorganic porous material components, such as zeolites or perlites, or other catalytically active substances, which in particular have a catalytic effect and, for example, an odor emission or also an odor storage, especially a fat storage cause. The combustion heat produced by these catalytically active substances could additionally serve to heat the air flowing through in the circulating air oven 3 (energy labeling) or compensate for heat losses.

Die Durchströmung der Heizeinrichtung 2 mit der zu erwärmenden Luft kann beispielsweise mittels eines Lüfters 8 (vgl. Fig. 2, 3) erfolgen. Mit der erfindungsgemäßen Heizeinrichtung lässt sich eine effektive Beheizung der zu erwärmenden Luft erzielen und ein generell komplett andersartiges Heizkonzept in bisher bekannten Haushaltsgeräten 1, wie beispielsweise Umluftherden 3 oder Haartrocknern 4 erzielen.The flow through the heating device 2 with the air to be heated, for example, by means of a fan 8 (see. Fig. 2, 3rd ) respectively. With the heating device according to the invention, an effective heating of the air to be heated can be achieved and achieve a generally completely different heating concept in previously known household appliances 1, such as circulating air stoves 3 or hair dryers 4.

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

11
Haushaltsgeräthousehold appliance
22
Heizeinrichtungheater
33
Umluftherdconvection oven
44
Haartrocknerhairdryer
55
Substratsubstratum
66
Beschichtungcoating
77
Materialmaterial
88th
LüfterFan

Claims (9)

Haushaltsgerät (1) mit einer Heizeinrichtung (2), dadurch gekennzeichnet, - dass die Heizeinrichtung (2) ein elektrisch nicht leitfähiges Substrat (5) als Trägermaterial sowie eine darauf angeordnete elektrisch leitfähige Beschichtung (6) aufweist, die sich in stromdurchflossenem Zustand erhitzt, oder - dass die Heizeinrichtung (2) ein elektrisch leitfähiges, poröses Material (7) aufweist, das sich in stromdurchflossenem Zustand erhitzt. Domestic appliance (1) with a heating device (2), characterized - That the heating device (2) has an electrically non-conductive substrate (5) as a carrier material and an electrically conductive coating (6) arranged thereon, which heats up in a current-carrying state, or - That the heating device (2) comprises an electrically conductive, porous material (7), which heats in a current-carrying state. Haushaltsgerät nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Haushaltsgerät (1) als Haartrockner (4) ausgebildet ist.Domestic appliance according to claim 1, characterized in that the household appliance (1) is designed as a hair dryer (4). Haushaltsgerät nach Anspruch 1, erste Alternative oder nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, - dass das Substrat (5) Glas, Glasfasern, Kunststoff, insbesondere Silikon, oder Keramik aufweist, und/oder - dass das Substrat (5) aus Siliziumdioxid (Si20), Aluminiumoxid (Al2O3) oder Siliziumnitrid (Si3N4) ausgebildet ist. Domestic appliance according to claim 1, first alternative or according to claim 2, characterized - That the substrate (5) comprises glass, glass fibers, plastic, in particular silicone, or ceramic, and / or - That the substrate (5) of silicon dioxide (Si20), alumina (Al2O3) or silicon nitride (Si3N4) is formed. Haushaltsgerät nach Anspruch 1, erste Alternative oder nach Anspruch 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass die elektrisch leitfähige Beschichtung (6) kohlenstoffhaltig ist, insbesondere Graphit, Ruß, Carbon Nanotubes, Indiumzinnoxid (ITO), Antimonzinnoxid (ATO) oder metallhaltig ist.Domestic appliance according to claim 1, first alternative or according to claim 2 or 3, characterized
in that the electrically conductive coating (6) contains carbon, in particular graphite, carbon black, carbon nanotubes, indium tin oxide (ITO), antimony tin oxide (ATO) or metal. Haushaltsgerät nach Anspruch 1, erste Alternative oder nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass das Substrat (5) eine poröse, insbesondere schaumartige, luftdurchlässige Struktur aufweist.Domestic appliance according to claim 1, first alternative or according to one of claims 2 to 4, characterized
that the substrate (5) has a porous, in particular foam-like, air-permeable structure. Haushaltsgerät nach Anspruch 1, erste Alternative oder nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass die Beschichtung (6) mittels Bedampfen, Bedrucken oder Besprühen auf das Substrat aufgebracht sind.Domestic appliance according to claim 1, first alternative or according to one of claims 2 to 5, characterized
that the coating (6) are applied to the substrate by vapor deposition, printing or spraying. Haushaltsgerät mit einer Heizeinrichtung, dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass das Substrat (5), die leitfähige Beschichtung (6) und/oder das elektrisch leitfähige Material (6) katalytisch aktive Substanzen aufweist.Household appliance with a heating device, characterized
that the substrate (5), the conductive coating (6) and / or the electrically conductive material (6) includes catalytically active substances. Haushaltsgerät nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass das Substrat (5), die leitfähige Beschichtung (6) und/oder das elektrisch leitfähige Material (7) katalytisch anorganische poröse Materialbestandteile, wie Zeolithe oder Perlite, aufweist.Domestic appliance according to one of the preceding claims, characterized
in that the substrate (5), the conductive coating (6) and / or the electrically conductive material (7) comprises catalytically inorganic porous material components, such as zeolites or perlites. Haushaltsgerät nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass das Substrat (5) oder das elektrisch leitfähige Material (7) eine Porosität von 70-95% aufweist.Domestic appliance according to one of the preceding claims, characterized
that the substrate (5) or the electrically conductive material (7) has a porosity of 70-95%.
EP13172373.6A 2012-06-28 2013-06-18 Hairdryer Not-in-force EP2680666B1 (en)

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