EP3127397A1 - Heating device, domestic appliance, and method - Google Patents

Heating device, domestic appliance, and method

Info

Publication number
EP3127397A1
EP3127397A1 EP15715993.0A EP15715993A EP3127397A1 EP 3127397 A1 EP3127397 A1 EP 3127397A1 EP 15715993 A EP15715993 A EP 15715993A EP 3127397 A1 EP3127397 A1 EP 3127397A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
insulating layer
substrate
heating device
pores
moisture
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP15715993.0A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3127397B1 (en
Inventor
Alexander Dinkel
Sebastian Matzinger
Klemens Roch
Philipp Schaller
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BSH Hausgeraete GmbH
Original Assignee
BSH Hausgeraete GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BSH Hausgeraete GmbH filed Critical BSH Hausgeraete GmbH
Publication of EP3127397A1 publication Critical patent/EP3127397A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3127397B1 publication Critical patent/EP3127397B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05BELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/78Heating arrangements specially adapted for immersion heating
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05BELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/10Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
    • H05B3/12Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05BELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/013Heaters using resistive films or coatings
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05BELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/017Manufacturing methods or apparatus for heaters
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05BELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/021Heaters specially adapted for heating liquids
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05BELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/022Heaters specially adapted for heating gaseous material

Definitions

  • Heating device household appliance and process
  • the present invention relates to a heating device, a household appliance and a method.
  • Household appliances may have a heating device for heating a fluid such as air, steam, rinsing liquor or water.
  • a heating device for heating a fluid such as air, steam, rinsing liquor or water.
  • EP 1 672 958 A2 describes such a heating device in the form of a pipe heater.
  • the tube heater comprises a metallic substrate, a heating conductor and an electrically insulating insulating layer arranged between the heating conductor and the substrate. In order to prevent direct contact of the fluid to be heated with the heating conductor, this is encapsulated together with the insulating layer.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide an improved heater.
  • a heating device for a domestic appliance having a substrate which has a first side facing a fluid to be heated and a second side facing away from the fluid to be heated, a planar heating conductor and an insulating layer arranged between the second side of the substrate and the planar heating conductor having pores proposed.
  • the pores are sealed with a moisture-impermeable coating.
  • the heating conductor is therefore preferably non-encapsulated or uncoated.
  • the first side of the substrate may also be referred to as the usage page.
  • the second side of the substrate may also be referred to as the heating side.
  • the substrate may be a wall of a receiving area of the household appliance.
  • the fluid to be heated may be air, vapor, water or rinse liquor.
  • the substrate is preferably metallic.
  • the substrate may be made of a steel sheet.
  • the pores have a respective wall bounding them, wherein the moisture-impermeable coating is applied to the respective wall.
  • the insulating layer is particularly porous. That is, the insulation layer has a plurality of micropores. The pores may be closed or interconnected.
  • the moisture-impermeable coating is applied to the respective wall of the cavities in a sol-gel process.
  • sol-gel process is understood as meaning a process for preparing non-metallic inorganic or hybrid-polymeric materials from colloidal dispersions, the so-called sols.
  • the insulating layer is a ceramic layer.
  • the insulating layer may be an aluminum oxide layer.
  • the insulating layer may be an aluminum oxide layer.
  • aluminum oxide as a coating material is particularly cost-effective.
  • the planar heating conductor and / or the insulating layer are sprayed onto the substrate in a thermal spraying process.
  • thermal spraying processes molten bath spraying, arc spraying, flame spraying, high-speed flame spraying, detonation spraying, cold gas spraying and / or laser spraying.
  • the insulating layer is an amorphous vitreous layer.
  • the insulating layer is a water glass layer.
  • such a water glass layer does not have conductivity-promoting glass components such as sodium, calcium or the like.
  • the waterglass layer may be applied in a sol-gel process.
  • the planar heating conductor is made of a CrNi and / or a FeCr steel. As a result, a high corrosion resistance of the planar heating element is achieved. The operational reliability of the heater is thereby improved.
  • the household appliance may be a dishwasher, a washing machine, a tumble dryer, a cooking appliance such as an oven or steamer, a kettle, a boiler, a water heater or the like.
  • the heater may be part of the household appliance.
  • a method of manufacturing a heater for a household appliance comprising the steps of: providing a substrate having a first side and a second side; Applying a pore-containing insulating layer to the second side of the substrate; Applying a planar heat conductor to the insulating layer; Sealing the pores of the insulating layer with a moisture impermeable coating; and mounting the substrate together with the insulating layer and the heating conductor such that the first side of the substrate faces a fluid to be heated and the second side of the substrate is remote from the fluid to be heated.
  • the moisture-impermeable coating is applied to walls of the pores of the insulating layer.
  • the liquid-impermeable coating is applied in a sol-gel process.
  • the insulating layer and / or the planar heating conductor are applied in a thermal spraying process.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic perspective view of an embodiment of a household appliance
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic sectional view of a heating device of the household appliance according to FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 shows a further schematic sectional view of the heating device according to FIG. 2;
  • Fig. 4 shows schematically a method of manufacturing the heating device according to Fig. 2;
  • FIG. 5 shows a further schematic sectional view of the heating device according to FIG. 2
  • FIG. and FIG. 6 shows a further schematic sectional view of the heating device according to FIG. 2.
  • the same or functionally identical elements have been given the same reference numerals, unless stated otherwise.
  • the household appliance 1 shows a schematic perspective view of an embodiment of a household appliance 1.
  • the household appliance 1 can be, for example, a dishwasher, a washing machine, a tumble dryer, a cooking appliance such as an oven or a steamer, a kettle or the like.
  • the household appliance 1 has a receiving area 2 which can be closed by a door 3.
  • the receiving area 2 and the door 3 may form a receiving chamber 4 of the household appliance 1.
  • the receiving chamber 4 may be, for example, a rinsing chamber or a cooking chamber of the household appliance 1.
  • the receiving area 2 can be arranged inside a housing of the household appliance 1.
  • the door 3 is shown in Figure 1 in its open position. By pivoting about a provided at a lower end of the door 3 pivot axis 5, the door 3 can be closed or opened.
  • the receiving area 2 has a bottom 6, a floor 7 opposite the ceiling 7, a door 3 arranged opposite the rear wall 8 and two oppositely disposed side walls 9, 10.
  • the receiving area 2 is in particular cuboid.
  • the receiving area 2 may be, for example, circular cylindrical.
  • the receiving area 2 is preferably at least partially made of a metal material, in particular of a steel sheet.
  • the household appliance 1 also has a, in particular flat, heating device 1 1.
  • "flat” means that the heating device 11 is flat and / or plate-shaped
  • the heating device 11 may have a thickness of a few fractions of a millimeter up to several millimeters
  • the heating device 11 is preferably on the outside on the receiving region 2
  • the heater 11 may cover the floor 6, the ceiling 7, the rear wall 8, and the side walls 9, 10.
  • the heater may only support the floor 6, the ceiling 7, the rear wall 8, and the side walls 9, 10
  • the heating device 1 1 can also be provided on the door 3.
  • 2 shows a schematic sectional view of the ceiling 7 with the heating device 1 1.
  • the ceiling 7 is referred to below as a substrate.
  • the substrate may further comprise the bottom 6, the rear wall 8, the side walls 9, 10 and / or the door 3.
  • the heating device 1 1 has the metallic substrate 7.
  • the substrate 7 has a use side 12 and a heating side 13 arranged opposite the use side 12.
  • the use side 12 faces a fluid 14 to be heated.
  • the fluid may be air, vapor, water or rinse liquor.
  • the use side 12 may also be referred to as the first side of the substrate 7.
  • the heating side 13 faces away from the fluid 14 to be heated.
  • the heating side 13 can also be referred to as the second side of the substrate 7.
  • the heater 1 1 further has a flat heating element 15.
  • the heating conductor 15 is provided on the second side 13 of the substrate 7.
  • the heating conductor 15 preferably has a plurality of conductor tracks 16.
  • the conductor tracks 16 are preferably connected to one another and run in a meandering manner on the metallic substrate 7
  • Heating conductor 15 is made for example of a CrNi steel and / or a FeCr steel. Between the planar heating conductor 15 and the second side 13 of the substrate 7, a, in particular electrically insulating, insulating layer 17 is arranged.
  • the insulation layer 17 is preferably a ceramic layer applied directly to the substrate 7 in a thermal spraying process.
  • the insulating layer 17 is made of aluminum oxide.
  • FIG. 3 shows an enlarged schematic sectional view of the heating device 11.
  • the insulating layer 17 preferably has a plurality of pores 18, of which only one is provided with a reference numeral in FIG.
  • each pore 18 has a respective pore 18 bounding wall 19.
  • the pores 18 are sealed with a moisture impermeable, in particular water impermeable, coating 20.
  • the moisture-impermeable coating 20 is preferably applied only to the walls 19 of the pores 18.
  • the coating 20 is an amorphous vitreous layer.
  • the coating 20 may be a waterglass layer.
  • such a water glass layer does not have conductivity-promoting glass components such as sodium, calcium or the like.
  • the coating is applied to the walls 19 in a sol-gel process.
  • the heating conductor 15 preferably no coating is provided. That is, the heating conductor 15 is not encapsulated and uncoated.
  • the heating conductor 15 may be applied to the insulating layer 17 in a thermal spraying process.
  • the thermal spraying process By sealing the pores 18 of the insulating layer 17 with the moisture-impermeable coating 20, the absorption of moisture into the porous insulating layer 17 is prevented. This ensures that the insulating layer 17 permanently retains its electrically insulating property even at high humidity.
  • a method for producing such a heating device 11 will be described with reference to FIGS. 3 to 6.
  • the substrate 7 is provided with the first side 12 facing the fluid 14 to be heated and the second side 13 facing away from the fluid 14 to be heated.
  • the insulating layer 17 having the pores 18 is applied to the second side 13 of the substrate 7.
  • the insulation layer 17 is sprayed directly onto the substrate 7 in a thermal spraying process.
  • the planar heating conductor 15 is applied to the insulating layer 17 in a thermal spraying process.
  • the conductor tracks 16 of the heating conductor 15 can be formed when applied to the insulating layer 17 with the aid of a template.
  • the printed conductors 16 can be formed after the planar application of the heating conductor 15 by means of an erosive method.
  • FIG. 5 shows, in a schematic sectional view, the substrate 7 with the sprayed-on porous insulating layer 17 and the heating conductor 15.
  • a step S4 the pores 18 of the insulation layer 17 are subsequently sealed with the moisture-impermeable coating 20.
  • the sealing of the pores may alternatively be done prior to spraying of the heating element 15.
  • the pores 18 are preferably completely filled with a coating liquid 21.
  • the pores 18 are infiltrated with the coating liquid 21.
  • the coating liquid 21 is a sol.
  • a "sol" is understood as meaning a colloidal dispersion.
  • the coating liquid 21 is absorbed by the insulating layer 17 with the aid of capillary forces.
  • the heating device 1 1 is annealed. As shown in FIG.
  • this forms the amorphous vitreous moisture-impermeable coating 20 on the walls 19 of the pores 18.
  • the substrate 7 - 10 together with the insulating layer 17 and the heating conductor 15 is installed in such a way that the first side 12 of the substrate 7 - 10 facing the fluid to be heated 14 and the second side 13 of the substrate 7 - 10 facing away from the fluid to be heated 14.

Landscapes

  • Resistance Heating (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a heating device (11) for a domestic appliance (1), comprising a substrate (7 - 10), which has a first side (12) facing a fluid (14) to be heated and a second side (13) facing away from the fluid (14) to be heated, a planar heating conductor (15), and an insulating layer (17), which is arranged between the second side (13) of the substrate (7 - 10) and the planar heating conductor (15) and which has pores (18), which are sealed by means of a moisture-impermeable coating (20).

Description

Heizeinrichtung, Haushaltsgerät und Verfahren  Heating device, household appliance and process
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Heizeinrichtung, ein Haushaltsgerät und ein Verfahren. Haushaltsgeräte können zum Erwärmen eines Fluids wie Luft, Wrasen, Spülflotte oder Wasser eine Heizeinrichtung aufweisen. Die EP 1 672 958 A2 beschreibt eine derartige Heizeinrichtung in Form einer Rohrheizung. Die Rohrheizung umfasst ein metallisches Substrat, einen Heizleiter und eine zwischen dem Heizleiter und dem Substrat angeordnete, elektrisch isolierende Isolationsschicht. Um einen direkten Kontakt des zu erwärmen- den Fluids mit dem Heizleiter zu verhindern, ist dieser mitsamt der Isolationsschicht verkapselt. The present invention relates to a heating device, a household appliance and a method. Household appliances may have a heating device for heating a fluid such as air, steam, rinsing liquor or water. EP 1 672 958 A2 describes such a heating device in the form of a pipe heater. The tube heater comprises a metallic substrate, a heating conductor and an electrically insulating insulating layer arranged between the heating conductor and the substrate. In order to prevent direct contact of the fluid to be heated with the heating conductor, this is encapsulated together with the insulating layer.
Vor diesem Hintergrund besteht eine Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung darin, eine verbesserte Heizeinrichtung zur VerfĂĽgung zu stellen. Against this background, an object of the present invention is to provide an improved heater.
Demgemäß wird eine Heizeinrichtung für ein Haushaltsgerät mit einem Substrat, das eine einem zu erwärmenden Fluid zugewandte erste Seite und eine dem zu erwärmenden Fluid abgewandte zweite Seite aufweist, einem flächigen Heizleiter und einer zwischen der zweiten Seite des Substrats und dem flächigen Heizleiter angeordnete Isolations- schicht, die Poren aufweist, vorgeschlagen. Die Poren sind mit einer feuchtigkeitsundurchlässigen Beschichtung versiegelt. Accordingly, a heating device for a domestic appliance having a substrate which has a first side facing a fluid to be heated and a second side facing away from the fluid to be heated, a planar heating conductor and an insulating layer arranged between the second side of the substrate and the planar heating conductor having pores proposed. The pores are sealed with a moisture-impermeable coating.
Dadurch, dass die Poren mit der feuchtigkeitsundurchlässigen Beschichtung versiegelt sind, ist sichergestellt, dass die Isolationsschicht ihre elektrisch isolierende Eigenschaft auch bei einer hohen Luftfeuchtigkeit dauerhaft behält. Auf eine Verkapselung oder Beschichtung des Heizleiters kann verzichtet werden. Der Heizleiter ist daher vorzugsweise unverkapselt oder unbeschichtet. Die erste Seite des Substrats kann auch als Gebrauchsseite bezeichnet werden. Die zweite Seite des Substrats kann auch als Heizseite bezeichnet werden. Das Substrat kann eine Wand eines Aufnahmebereichs des Haus- haltsgeräts sein. Das zu erwärmende Fluid kann Luft, Wrasen, Wasser oder Spülflotte sein. Das Substrat ist vorzugsweise metallisch. Beispielsweise kann das Substrat aus einem Stahlblech gefertigt sein. Gemäß einer Ausführungsform weisen die Poren eine diese jeweils begrenzende Wandung auf, wobei die feuchtigkeitsundurchlässige Beschichtung auf der jeweiligen Wandung aufgebracht ist. Die Isolationsschicht ist insbesondere porös. Das heißt, die Isolationsschicht weist eine Vielzahl Mikroporen auf. Die Poren können abgeschlossen oder miteinander verbunden sein. The fact that the pores are sealed with the moisture-impermeable coating, it is ensured that the insulating layer permanently retains its electrically insulating property even at high humidity. On an encapsulation or coating of the heating element can be omitted. The heating conductor is therefore preferably non-encapsulated or uncoated. The first side of the substrate may also be referred to as the usage page. The second side of the substrate may also be referred to as the heating side. The substrate may be a wall of a receiving area of the household appliance. The fluid to be heated may be air, vapor, water or rinse liquor. The substrate is preferably metallic. For example, the substrate may be made of a steel sheet. According to one embodiment, the pores have a respective wall bounding them, wherein the moisture-impermeable coating is applied to the respective wall. The insulating layer is particularly porous. That is, the insulation layer has a plurality of micropores. The pores may be closed or interconnected.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform ist die feuchtigkeitsundurchlässige Beschichtung in einem Sol-Gel-Prozess auf die jeweilige Wandung der Hohlräume aufgebracht. According to a further embodiment, the moisture-impermeable coating is applied to the respective wall of the cavities in a sol-gel process.
Unter einem„Sol-Gel-Prozess" ist vorliegend ein Verfahren zur Herstellung nichtmetallischer anorganischer oder hybridpolymerer Materialien aus kolloidalen Dispersionen, den sogenannten Solen, zu verstehen. In the present case, a "sol-gel process" is understood as meaning a process for preparing non-metallic inorganic or hybrid-polymeric materials from colloidal dispersions, the so-called sols.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform ist die Isolationsschicht eine Keramikschicht. According to a further embodiment, the insulating layer is a ceramic layer.
Die Isolationsschicht kann eine Aluminiumoxid-Schicht sein. Hierdurch werden besonders gute elektrische Isolationseigenschaften der Isolationsschicht erreicht. Ferner ist die Ver- wendung von Aluminiumoxid als Beschichtungsmaterial besonders kostengĂĽnstig. The insulating layer may be an aluminum oxide layer. As a result, particularly good electrical insulation properties of the insulation layer are achieved. Furthermore, the use of aluminum oxide as a coating material is particularly cost-effective.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform sind der flächige Heizleiter und/oder die Isolationsschicht in einem thermischen Spritzverfahren auf das Substrat aufgespritzt. Beispielsweise können als thermische Spritzverfahren die folgenden Verfahren eingesetzt werden: Schmelzbadspritzen, Lichtbogenspritzen, Flammspritzen, Hochgeschwindigkeit- Flammspritzen, Detonationsspritzen, Kaltgasspritzen und/oder Laserspritzen. According to a further embodiment, the planar heating conductor and / or the insulating layer are sprayed onto the substrate in a thermal spraying process. For example, the following methods can be used as thermal spraying processes: molten bath spraying, arc spraying, flame spraying, high-speed flame spraying, detonation spraying, cold gas spraying and / or laser spraying.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform ist die Isolationsschicht eine amorphe glasartige Schicht. According to a further embodiment, the insulating layer is an amorphous vitreous layer.
Hierdurch wird eine besonders gute und dauerhafte Versiegelung der Poren der Isolationsschicht erreicht. Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform ist die Isolationsschicht eine Wasserglasschicht. As a result, a particularly good and permanent sealing of the pores of the insulating layer is achieved. According to a further embodiment, the insulating layer is a water glass layer.
Vorzugsweise weist eine derartige Wasserglasschicht keine leitfähigkeitsfördernden Glaskomponenten wie Natrium, Kalzium oder dergleichen auf. Die Wasserglasschicht kann in einem Sol-Gel-Verfahren aufgebracht sein. Preferably, such a water glass layer does not have conductivity-promoting glass components such as sodium, calcium or the like. The waterglass layer may be applied in a sol-gel process.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform ist der flächige Heizleiter aus einem CrNi- und/oder einem FeCr-Stahl gefertigt. Hierdurch wird eine hohe Korrosionsbeständigkeit des flächigen Heizleiters erzielt. Die Betriebszuverlässigkeit der Heizeinrichtung wird dadurch verbessert. According to a further embodiment, the planar heating conductor is made of a CrNi and / or a FeCr steel. As a result, a high corrosion resistance of the planar heating element is achieved. The operational reliability of the heater is thereby improved.
Weiterhin wird ein Haushaltsgerät mit einer derartigen Heizeinrichtung vorgeschlagen. Das Haushaltsgerät kann eine Geschirrspülmaschine, eine Waschmaschine, ein Wäschetrockner, ein Gargerät wie ein Backofen oder ein Dampfgarer, ein Wasserkocher, ein Boiler, ein Durchlauferhitzer oder dergleichen sein. Die Heizeinrichtung kann Teil des Haushaltsgeräts sein. Ferner wird ein Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Heizeinrichtung für ein Haushaltsgerät mit folgenden Schritten vorgeschlagen: Bereitstellen eines Substrats mit einer ersten Seite und einer zweiten Seite; Aufbringen einer Poren aufweisenden Isolationsschicht auf die zweite Seite des Substrats; Aufbringen eines flächigen Heizleiters auf die Isolationsschicht; Versiegeln der Poren der Isolationsschicht mit einer feuchtigkeitsundurchlässigen Beschichtung; und Verbauen des Substrats samt der Isolationsschicht und dem Heizleiter derart, dass die erste Seite des Substrats einem zu erwärmenden Fluid zugewandt und die zweite Seite des Substrats von dem zu erwärmenden Fluid abgewandt ist. Furthermore, a household appliance is proposed with such a heater. The household appliance may be a dishwasher, a washing machine, a tumble dryer, a cooking appliance such as an oven or steamer, a kettle, a boiler, a water heater or the like. The heater may be part of the household appliance. Further, a method of manufacturing a heater for a household appliance is proposed, comprising the steps of: providing a substrate having a first side and a second side; Applying a pore-containing insulating layer to the second side of the substrate; Applying a planar heat conductor to the insulating layer; Sealing the pores of the insulating layer with a moisture impermeable coating; and mounting the substrate together with the insulating layer and the heating conductor such that the first side of the substrate faces a fluid to be heated and the second side of the substrate is remote from the fluid to be heated.
Gemäß einer Ausführungsform wird die feuchtigkeitsundurchlässige Beschichtung auf Wandungen der Poren der Isolationsschicht aufgebracht. According to one embodiment, the moisture-impermeable coating is applied to walls of the pores of the insulating layer.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform wird die flüssigkeitsundurchlässige Beschichtung in einem Sol-Gel-Prozess aufgebracht. Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform werden die Isolationsschicht und/oder der flächige Heizleiter in einem thermischen Spritzverfahren aufgebracht. According to a further embodiment, the liquid-impermeable coating is applied in a sol-gel process. According to a further embodiment, the insulating layer and / or the planar heating conductor are applied in a thermal spraying process.
Weitere mögliche Implementierungen der Erfindung umfassen auch nicht explizit genann- te Kombinationen von zuvor oder im Folgenden bezüglich der Ausführungsbeispiele beschriebenen Merkmale oder Ausführungsformen. Dabei wird der Fachmann auch Einzelaspekte als Verbesserungen oder Ergänzungen zu der jeweiligen Grundform der Erfindung hinzufügen. Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen und Aspekte der Erfindung sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche sowie der im Folgenden beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung. Im Weiteren wird die Erfindung anhand von bevorzugten Ausführungsformen unter Bezugnahme auf die beigelegten Figuren näher erläutert. Fig. 1 zeigt eine schematische perspektivische Ansicht einer Ausführungsform eines Haushaltsgeräts; Further possible implementations of the invention also include not explicitly mentioned combinations of features or embodiments described above or below with regard to the exemplary embodiments. The skilled person will also add individual aspects as improvements or additions to the respective basic form of the invention. Further advantageous embodiments and aspects of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims and the embodiments of the invention described below. Furthermore, the invention will be explained in more detail by means of preferred embodiments with reference to the attached figures. Fig. 1 shows a schematic perspective view of an embodiment of a household appliance;
Fig. 2 zeigt eine schematische Schnittansicht einer Heizeinrichtung des Haushaltsgeräts gemäß der Fig. 1 ; FIG. 2 shows a schematic sectional view of a heating device of the household appliance according to FIG. 1; FIG.
Fig. 3 zeigt eine weitere schematische Schnittansicht der Heizeinrichtung gemäß der Fig. 2; FIG. 3 shows a further schematic sectional view of the heating device according to FIG. 2; FIG.
Fig. 4 zeigt schematisch ein Verfahren zum Herstellen der Heizeinrichtung gemäß der Fig. 2; Fig. 4 shows schematically a method of manufacturing the heating device according to Fig. 2;
Fig. 5 zeigt eine weitere schematische Schnittansicht der Heizeinrichtung gemäß der Fig. 2; und Fig. 6 zeigt eine weitere schematische Schnittansicht der Heizeinrichtung gemäß der Fig. 2. In den Figuren sind gleiche oder funktionsgleiche Elemente mit denselben Bezugszeichen versehen worden, sofern nichts anderes angegeben ist. FIG. 5 shows a further schematic sectional view of the heating device according to FIG. 2; FIG. and FIG. 6 shows a further schematic sectional view of the heating device according to FIG. 2. In the figures, the same or functionally identical elements have been given the same reference numerals, unless stated otherwise.
Die Fig. 1 zeigt eine schematische perspektivische Ansicht einer Ausführungsform eines Haushaltsgeräts 1. Das Haushaltsgerät 1 kann beispielsweise eine Geschirrspülmaschi- ne, eine Waschmaschine, ein Wäschetrockner, ein Gargerät wie ein Backofen oder ein Dampfgarer, ein Wasserkocher oder dergleichen sein. Das Haushaltsgerät 1 weist einen Aufnahmebereich 2 auf, der durch eine Tür 3 verschließbar ist. Der Aufnahmebereich 2 und die Tür 3 können eine Aufnahmekammer 4 des Haushaltsgeräts 1 bilden. Die Aufnahmekammer 4 kann beispielsweise eine Spülkammer oder ein Garraum des Haus- haltsgeräts 1 sein. Der Aufnahmebereich 2 kann im Inneren eines Gehäuses des Haushaltsgeräts 1 angeordnet sein. Die Tür 3 ist in der Figur 1 in ihrer geöffneten Stellung dargestellt. Durch Schwenken um eine an einem unteren Ende der Tür 3 vorgesehene Schwenkachse 5 kann die Tür 3 geschlossen oder geöffnet werden. Der Aufnahmebereich 2 weist einen Boden 6, eine dem Boden 6 gegenüberliegend angeordnete Decke 7, eine der Tür 3 gegenüberliegend angeordnete Rückwand 8 und zwei einander gegenüberliegend angeordnete Seitenwände 9, 10 auf. Der Aufnahmebereich 2 ist insbesondere quaderförmig. Alternativ kann der Aufnahmebereich 2 beispielsweise kreiszylinderförmig sein. Der Aufnahmebereich 2 ist vorzugsweise zumindest teilweise aus einem Metallwerkstoff, insbesondere aus einem Stahlblech, gefertigt. 1 shows a schematic perspective view of an embodiment of a household appliance 1. The household appliance 1 can be, for example, a dishwasher, a washing machine, a tumble dryer, a cooking appliance such as an oven or a steamer, a kettle or the like. The household appliance 1 has a receiving area 2 which can be closed by a door 3. The receiving area 2 and the door 3 may form a receiving chamber 4 of the household appliance 1. The receiving chamber 4 may be, for example, a rinsing chamber or a cooking chamber of the household appliance 1. The receiving area 2 can be arranged inside a housing of the household appliance 1. The door 3 is shown in Figure 1 in its open position. By pivoting about a provided at a lower end of the door 3 pivot axis 5, the door 3 can be closed or opened. The receiving area 2 has a bottom 6, a floor 7 opposite the ceiling 7, a door 3 arranged opposite the rear wall 8 and two oppositely disposed side walls 9, 10. The receiving area 2 is in particular cuboid. Alternatively, the receiving area 2 may be, for example, circular cylindrical. The receiving area 2 is preferably at least partially made of a metal material, in particular of a steel sheet.
Das Haushaltsgerät 1 weist weiterhin eine, insbesondere flächige, Heizeinrichtung 1 1 auf. Unter„flächig" ist vorliegend zu verstehen, dass die Heizeinrichtung 1 1 eben und/oder plattenförmig ist. Die Heizeinrichtung 1 1 kann eine Dicke von wenigen Bruchteilen von Millimetern bis zu einigen Millimetern aufweisen. Die Heizeinrichtung 1 1 ist vorzugsweise außenseitig an dem Aufnahmebereich 2 vorgesehen. Beispielsweise kann die Heizeinrichtung 1 1 den Boden 6, die Decke 7, die Rückwand 8 und die Seitenwände 9, 10 vollflächig bedecken. Alternativ kann die Heizeinrichtung den Boden 6, die Decke 7, die Rückwand 8 und die Seitenwände 9, 10 nur partiell bedecken. Ferner kann die Heizeinrichtung 1 1 auch an der Tür 3 vorgesehen sein. Die Fig. 2 zeigt eine schematische Schnittansicht der Decke 7 mit der Heizeinrichtung 1 1. Die Decke 7 wird im Folgenden als Substrat bezeichnet. Das Substrat kann ferner den Boden 6, die Rückwand 8, die Seitenwände 9, 10 und/oder die Tür 3 umfassen. The household appliance 1 also has a, in particular flat, heating device 1 1. In the present case, "flat" means that the heating device 11 is flat and / or plate-shaped The heating device 11 may have a thickness of a few fractions of a millimeter up to several millimeters The heating device 11 is preferably on the outside on the receiving region 2 For example, the heater 11 may cover the floor 6, the ceiling 7, the rear wall 8, and the side walls 9, 10. Alternatively, the heater may only support the floor 6, the ceiling 7, the rear wall 8, and the side walls 9, 10 Furthermore, the heating device 1 1 can also be provided on the door 3. 2 shows a schematic sectional view of the ceiling 7 with the heating device 1 1. The ceiling 7 is referred to below as a substrate. The substrate may further comprise the bottom 6, the rear wall 8, the side walls 9, 10 and / or the door 3.
Die Heizeinrichtung 1 1 weist das metallische Substrat 7 auf. Das Substrat 7 weist eine Gebrauchsseite 12 und eine der Gebrauchsseite 12 gegenüberliegend angeordnete Heizseite 13 auf. Die Gebrauchsseite 12 ist einem zu erwärmenden Fluid 14 zugewandt. Das Fluid kann Luft, Wrasen, Wasser oder Spülflotte sein. Die Gebrauchsseite 12 kann auch als erste Seite des Substrats 7 bezeichnet werden. Die Heizseite 13 ist dem zu erwärmenden Fluid 14 abgewandt. Die Heizseite 13 kann auch als zweite Seite des Substrats 7 bezeichnet werden. The heating device 1 1 has the metallic substrate 7. The substrate 7 has a use side 12 and a heating side 13 arranged opposite the use side 12. The use side 12 faces a fluid 14 to be heated. The fluid may be air, vapor, water or rinse liquor. The use side 12 may also be referred to as the first side of the substrate 7. The heating side 13 faces away from the fluid 14 to be heated. The heating side 13 can also be referred to as the second side of the substrate 7.
Die Heizeinrichtung 1 1 weist weiterhin einen flächigen Heizleiter 15 auf. Der Heizleiter 15 ist auf der zweiten Seite 13 des Substrats 7 vorgesehen. Der Heizleiter 15 weist vorzugsweise eine Vielzahl Leiterbahnen 16 auf. Die Leiterbahnen 16 sind vorzugsweise mitei- nander verbunden und verlaufen mäanderförmig auf dem metallischen Substrat 7. DerThe heater 1 1 further has a flat heating element 15. The heating conductor 15 is provided on the second side 13 of the substrate 7. The heating conductor 15 preferably has a plurality of conductor tracks 16. The conductor tracks 16 are preferably connected to one another and run in a meandering manner on the metallic substrate 7
Heizleiter 15 ist beispielsweise aus einem CrNi-Stahl und/oder einem FeCr-Stahl gefertigt. Zwischen dem flächigen Heizleiter 15 und der zweiten Seite 13 des Substrats 7 ist eine, insbesondere elektrisch isolierende, Isolationsschicht 17 angeordnet. Die Isolationsschicht 17 ist vorzugsweise eine in einem thermischen Spritzverfahren direkt auf das Substrat 7 aufgebrachte Keramikschicht. Beispielsweise ist die Isolationsschicht 17 aus Aluminiumoxid gefertigt. Heating conductor 15 is made for example of a CrNi steel and / or a FeCr steel. Between the planar heating conductor 15 and the second side 13 of the substrate 7, a, in particular electrically insulating, insulating layer 17 is arranged. The insulation layer 17 is preferably a ceramic layer applied directly to the substrate 7 in a thermal spraying process. For example, the insulating layer 17 is made of aluminum oxide.
Die Fig. 3 zeigt eine vergrößerte schematische Schnittansicht der Heizeinrichtung 1 1 . Die Isolationsschicht 17 weist vorzugsweise eine Vielzahl Poren 18 auf, von denen in der Fig. 3 lediglich eine mit einem Bezugszeichen versehen ist. Insbesondere weist jede Pore 18 eine die jeweilige Pore 18 begrenzende Wandung 19 auf. Die Poren 18 sind mit einer feuchtigkeitsundurchlässigen, insbesondere wasserundurchlässigen, Beschichtung 20 versiegelt. Die feuchtigkeitsundurchlässige Beschichtung 20 ist vorzugsweise nur auf den Wandungen 19 der Poren 18 aufgebracht. Insbesondere ist die Beschichtung 20 eine amorphe glasartige Schicht. Die Beschichtung 20 kann eine Wasserglasschicht sein. Vorzugsweise weist eine derartige Wasserglasschicht keine leitfähigkeitsfördernden Glaskomponenten wie Natrium, Kalzium oder dergleichen auf. Vorzugsweise ist die Beschichtung in einem Sol-Gel-Prozess auf die Wandungen 19 aufgebracht. Auf dem Heizleiter 15 ist vorzugsweise keine Beschichtung vorgesehen. Das heißt, der Heizleiter 15 ist nicht verkapselt und nicht beschichtet. Der Heizleiter 15 kann in einem thermischen Spritzverfahren auf die Isolationsschicht 17 aufgebracht sein. Dadurch, dass die Poren 18 der Isolationsschicht 17 mit der feuchtigkeitsundurchlässigen Beschichtung 20 versiegelt sind, wird die Aufnahme von Feuchtigkeit in die poröse Isolationsschicht 17 verhindert. Hierdurch ist sichergestellt, dass die Isolationsschicht 17 ihre elektrisch isolierende Eigenschaft auch bei einer hohen Luftfeuchtigkeit dauerhaft behält. Im Folgenden wird anhand der Fig. 3 bis 6 ein Verfahren zum Herstellen einer derartigen Heizeinrichtung 1 1 beschrieben. Wie die Fig. 4 zeigt, wird in einem Schritt S1 das Substrat 7 mit der dem zu erwärmenden Fluid 14 zugewandten ersten Seite 12 und der dem zu erwärmenden Fluid 14 abgewandten zweiten Seite 13 bereitgestellt. In einem Schritt S2 wird die die Poren 18 aufweisende Isolationsschicht 17 auf die zweite Seite 13 des Substrats 7 aufgebracht. Die Isolationsschicht 17 wird in einem thermischen Spritzverfahren direkt auf das Substrat 7 aufgespritzt. FIG. 3 shows an enlarged schematic sectional view of the heating device 11. The insulating layer 17 preferably has a plurality of pores 18, of which only one is provided with a reference numeral in FIG. In particular, each pore 18 has a respective pore 18 bounding wall 19. The pores 18 are sealed with a moisture impermeable, in particular water impermeable, coating 20. The moisture-impermeable coating 20 is preferably applied only to the walls 19 of the pores 18. In particular, the coating 20 is an amorphous vitreous layer. The coating 20 may be a waterglass layer. Preferably, such a water glass layer does not have conductivity-promoting glass components such as sodium, calcium or the like. Preferably, the coating is applied to the walls 19 in a sol-gel process. On the heating conductor 15, preferably no coating is provided. That is, the heating conductor 15 is not encapsulated and uncoated. The heating conductor 15 may be applied to the insulating layer 17 in a thermal spraying process. By sealing the pores 18 of the insulating layer 17 with the moisture-impermeable coating 20, the absorption of moisture into the porous insulating layer 17 is prevented. This ensures that the insulating layer 17 permanently retains its electrically insulating property even at high humidity. In the following, a method for producing such a heating device 11 will be described with reference to FIGS. 3 to 6. As shown in FIG. 4, in a step S1, the substrate 7 is provided with the first side 12 facing the fluid 14 to be heated and the second side 13 facing away from the fluid 14 to be heated. In a step S2, the insulating layer 17 having the pores 18 is applied to the second side 13 of the substrate 7. The insulation layer 17 is sprayed directly onto the substrate 7 in a thermal spraying process.
In einem Schritt S3 wird der flächige Heizleiter 15 in einem thermischen Spritzverfahren auf die Isolationsschicht 17 aufgebracht. Hierbei können die Leiterbahnen 16 des Heizlei- ters 15 beim Auftragen auf die Isolationsschicht 17 mit Hilfe einer Schablone ausgebildet werden. Alternativ können die Leiterbahnen 16 nach dem flächigen Auftragen des Heizleiters 15 mit Hilfe eines abtragenden Verfahrens ausgebildet werden. Die Fig. 5 zeigt in einer schematischen Schnittansicht das Substrat 7 mit der aufgespritzten porösen Isolationsschicht 17 und dem Heizleiter 15. In a step S3, the planar heating conductor 15 is applied to the insulating layer 17 in a thermal spraying process. In this case, the conductor tracks 16 of the heating conductor 15 can be formed when applied to the insulating layer 17 with the aid of a template. Alternatively, the printed conductors 16 can be formed after the planar application of the heating conductor 15 by means of an erosive method. FIG. 5 shows, in a schematic sectional view, the substrate 7 with the sprayed-on porous insulating layer 17 and the heating conductor 15.
In einem Schritt S4 werden anschließend die Poren 18 der Isolationsschicht 17 mit der feuchtigkeitsundurchlässigen Beschichtung 20 versiegelt. Das Versiegeln der Poren kann alternativ vor dem Aufspritzen des Heizleiters 15 erfolgen. Wie die Fig. 6 in einer schematischen Schnittansicht zeigt, werden im Schritt S4 die Poren 18 mit einer Beschichtungs- flüssigkeit 21 vorzugsweise vollständig gefüllt. Die Poren 18 werden mit der Beschich- tungsflüssigkeit 21 infiltriert. Beispielsweise ist die Beschichtungsflüssigkeit 21 ein Sol. Unter einem„Sol" ist vorliegend eine kolloidale Dispersion zu verstehen. Die Beschichtungsflüssigkeit 21 wird mit Hilfe von Kapillarkräften von der Isolationsschicht 17 aufgeso- gen. Anschließend wird die Heizeinrichtung 1 1 getempert. Wie die Fig. 3 zeigt, bildet sich hierdurch die amorphe glasartige feuchtigkeitsundurchlässige Beschichtung 20 auf den Wandungen 19 der Poren 18. In einem Schritt S5 wird das Substrat 7 - 10 samt der Isolationsschicht 17 und dem Heizleiter 15 derart verbaut, dass die erste Seite 12 des Substrats 7 - 10 dem zu erwärmenden Fluid 14 zugewandt und die zweite Seite 13 des Sub- strats 7 - 10 von dem zu erwärmenden Fluid 14 abgewandt ist. In a step S4, the pores 18 of the insulation layer 17 are subsequently sealed with the moisture-impermeable coating 20. The sealing of the pores may alternatively be done prior to spraying of the heating element 15. As FIG. 6 shows in a schematic sectional view, in step S4 the pores 18 are preferably completely filled with a coating liquid 21. The pores 18 are infiltrated with the coating liquid 21. For example, the coating liquid 21 is a sol. In the present case, a "sol" is understood as meaning a colloidal dispersion. The coating liquid 21 is absorbed by the insulating layer 17 with the aid of capillary forces. Subsequently, the heating device 1 1 is annealed. As shown in FIG. 3, this forms the amorphous vitreous moisture-impermeable coating 20 on the walls 19 of the pores 18. In a step S5, the substrate 7 - 10 together with the insulating layer 17 and the heating conductor 15 is installed in such a way that the first side 12 of the substrate 7 - 10 facing the fluid to be heated 14 and the second side 13 of the substrate 7 - 10 facing away from the fluid to be heated 14.
Obwohl die vorliegende Erfindung anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen beschrieben wurde, ist sie vielfältig modifizierbar. Although the present invention has been described with reference to embodiments, it is variously modifiable.
Verwendete Bezugszeichen: Used reference signs:
1 Haushaltsgerät 1 home appliance
2 Aufnahmebereich 2 recording area
3 TĂĽr 3 door
4 Aufnahmekammer4 receiving chamber
5 Schwenkachse 5 pivot axis
6 Boden  6 floor
7 Decke  7 blanket
8 Rückwand  8 rear wall
9 Seitenwand 9 side wall
10 Seitenwand  10 sidewall
1 1 Heizeinrichtung  1 1 heating device
12 erste Seite  12 first page
13 zweite Seite  13 second page
14 Fluid 14 fluid
15 Heizleiter  15 heating conductors
16 Leiterbahn  16 trace
17 Isolationsschicht 17 insulation layer
18 Pore 18 pore
19 Wandung 19 wall
20 Beschichtung  20 coating
21 Beschichtungsflüssigkeit  21 coating liquid
S1 Schritt S1 step
S2 Schritt S2 step
53 Schritt  53 step
54 Schritt  54 step
55 Schritt  55 step

Claims

PATENTANSPRĂśCHE
1 . Heizeinrichtung (1 1 ) für ein Haushaltsgerät (1 ), mit einem Substrat (7 - 10), das eine einem zu erwärmenden Fluid (14) zugewandte erste Seite (12) und eine dem zu erwärmenden Fluid (14) abgewandte zweite Seite (13) aufweist, einem flächigen Heizleiter (15) und einer zwischen der zweiten Seite (13) des Substrats (7 - 10) und dem flächigen Heizleiter (15) angeordneten Isolationsschicht (17), die Poren (18) aufweist, die mit einer feuchtigkeitsundurchlässigen Beschichtung (20) versiegelt sind. 1 . A heating device (1 1) for a household appliance (1), comprising a substrate (7 - 10) which faces a first side (12) facing a fluid (14) to be heated and a second side (13) facing away from the fluid (14) to be heated ), a planar heating conductor (15) and an insulating layer (17) arranged between the second side (13) of the substrate (7-10) and the planar heating conductor (15) and having pores (18) provided with a moisture-impermeable coating (20) are sealed.
2. Heizeinrichtung nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Poren (18) eine diese jeweils begrenzende Wandung (19) aufweisen und dass die feuchtigkeitsundurchlässige Beschichtung (20) auf der jeweiligen Wandung (19) aufgebracht ist. 2. Heating device according to claim 1, characterized in that the pores (18) have a respective limiting wall (19) and that the moisture-impermeable coating (20) on the respective wall (19) is applied.
3. Heizeinrichtung nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die feuchtigkeitsundurchlässige Beschichtung (20) in einem Sol-Gel-Prozess auf die jeweilige Wandung (19) der Hohlräume (18) aufgebracht ist. 3. Heating device according to claim 2, characterized in that the moisture-impermeable coating (20) in a sol-gel process on the respective wall (19) of the cavities (18) is applied.
4. Heizeinrichtung nach einem der AnsprĂĽche 1 - 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Isolationsschicht (17) eine Keramikschicht ist. 4. Heating device according to one of claims 1 - 3, characterized in that the insulating layer (17) is a ceramic layer.
5. Heizeinrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 - 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der flächige Heizleiter (15) und/oder die Isolationsschicht (17) in einem thermischen Spritzverfahren auf das Substrat (7 - 10) aufgespritzt sind. 5. Heating device according to one of claims 1 - 4, characterized in that the planar heating conductor (15) and / or the insulating layer (17) are sprayed onto the substrate (7 - 10) in a thermal spraying process.
6. Heizeinrichtung nach einem der AnsprĂĽche 1 - 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Isolationsschicht (17) eine amorphe glasartige Schicht ist. 6. Heating device according to one of claims 1-5, characterized in that the insulating layer (17) is an amorphous glassy layer.
7. Heizeinrichtung nach einem der AnsprĂĽche 1 - 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Isolationsschicht (17) eine Wasserglasschicht ist. 7. Heating device according to one of claims 1-6, characterized in that the insulating layer (17) is a water glass layer.
8. Heizeinrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 - 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der flächige Heizleiter (15) aus einem CrNi- und/oder einem FeCr-Stahl gefertigt ist. 8. Heating device according to one of claims 1-7, characterized in that the planar heating conductor (15) is made of a CrNi and / or a FeCr steel.
9. Haushaltsgerät (1 ) mit einer Heizeinrichtung (1 1 ) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 - 8. 9. Household appliance (1) with a heating device (1 1) according to any one of claims 1-8.
10. Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Heizeinrichtung (1 1 ) für ein Haushaltsgerät (1 ), mit folgenden Schritten: 10. A method for producing a heating device (1 1) for a household appliance (1), comprising the following steps:
(51 ) Bereitstellen eines Substrats (7 - 10) mit einer ersten Seite (12) und einer zweiten Seite (13);  (51) providing a substrate (7-10) having a first side (12) and a second side (13);
(52) Aufbringen einer Poren (18) aufweisenden Isolationsschicht (17) auf die zweite Seite (52) applying an insulating layer (17) having pores (18) to the second side
(13) des Substrats (7 - 10); (13) of the substrate (7-10);
(53) Aufbringen eines flächigen Heizleiters (15) auf die Isolationsschicht (17);  (53) applying a flat heating conductor (15) to the insulating layer (17);
(54) Versiegeln der Poren (18) der Isolationsschicht (17) mit einer feuchtigkeitsundurch- lässigen Beschichtung (20); und  (54) sealing the pores (18) of the insulating layer (17) with a moisture impermeable coating (20); and
(55) Verbauen des Substrats (7 - 10) samt der Isolationsschicht (17) und dem Heizleiter (15) derart, dass die erste Seite (12) des Substrats (7 - 10) einem zu erwärmenden Fluid (55) obstructing the substrate (7-10) together with the insulating layer (17) and the heating conductor (15) such that the first side (12) of the substrate (7-10) is a fluid to be heated
(14) zugewandt und die zweite Seite (13) des Substrats (7 - 10) von dem zu erwärmenden Fluid (14) abgewandt ist. (14) facing and the second side (13) of the substrate (7 - 10) facing away from the fluid to be heated (14).
1 1 . Verfahren nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die feuchtigkeitsundurchlässige Beschichtung (20) auf Wandungen (19) der Poren (18) der Isolationsschicht (17) aufgebracht wird. 1 1. A method according to claim 10, characterized in that the moisture-impermeable coating (20) on walls (19) of the pores (18) of the insulating layer (17) is applied.
12. Verfahren nach Anspruch 10 oder 1 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die flüssigkeitsundurchlässige Beschichtung (20) in einem Sol-Gel-Prozess aufgebracht wird. 12. The method according to claim 10 or 1 1, characterized in that the liquid-impermeable coating (20) is applied in a sol-gel process.
13. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 10 - 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Isolationsschicht (17) und/oder der flächige Heizleiter (15) in einem thermischen Spritzver- fahren aufgebracht werden. 13. The method according to any one of claims 10 - 12, characterized in that the insulation layer (17) and / or the planar heating conductor (15) are applied in a thermal spraying process.
EP15715993.0A 2014-04-04 2015-03-25 Heating device, domestic appliance, and method Active EP3127397B1 (en)

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GB1019721A (en) * 1962-10-31 1966-02-09 Frank Christen Walz Improvements in electric heaters
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JP2745438B2 (en) * 1990-07-13 1998-04-28 株式会社荏原製作所 Heat transfer material and heating element for heating and heating device using the same
AU3845799A (en) * 1999-05-18 2000-12-05 Advanced Heating Technologies Ltd. Electrical heating elements and method for producing same
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