EP2676876B1 - Submarine - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a submarine with the features specified in the preamble of claim 1.

There are known submarines, which have at their rear a propeller as the main drive, wherein at the rear end, which tapers in the direction of the stern at a circular or oval cross-section, rudder blades for lateral and depth control are arranged. Underwater vehicles, such as torpedoes, are also known, whose design guarantees a favorable flow profile in the rear area despite a large volume cross section, in particular avoids a stall. In the rear area circumferentially movable fins are arranged. This shows the US 4,919,066 B ,

Because of the rearward tapering toward the stern of the submarine, it is customary to provide either the directly to the ship side facing the rudder blades with a contour which corresponds to the contour of the outside of the rear end towards the rear, so that in a neutral position of the rudder blades there are no significant clearances between the rudder blades and the stern, or to use so-called deadwoods which, in a neutral position of the rudder blades, fill an empty space otherwise present between the rudder blade and the outside of the stern. In both embodiments, however, problems arise when the rudder blades are pivoted in a deviating from the neutral position Rudder, since then both in the described contouring of the ship facing side of the rudder blades and in the use of deadwood between the rudder blades and the outside der Hinterschiffs comparatively large freely flowed spaces result, where flow vortexes form. The consequences of these vortices are on the one hand a reduced effectiveness of the rudders and on the other hand an inhomogeneous Flow of the propeller. This leads to a reduction of the propeller efficiency and possibly to propeller blade vibrations associated therewith, in military submarines fundamentally undesirable acoustic signatures.

Against this background, the invention has the object to provide a submarine, in which an inhomogeneous flow of the arranged at the rear of the submarine propeller due to the previously arranged at the rear of the rudder blades prevented or at least reduced to a considerable extent in improving the rudder efficiency.

This object is achieved by a submarine with the features specified in claim 1. Advantageous developments of this submarine result from the dependent claims, the following description and the drawings. In this case, according to the invention, the features specified in the dependent claims on their own but also in a suitable combination, the inventive solution according to claim 1 further.

The submarine according to the invention has rudder blades arranged in a manner known per se on the outside of its hull. Here, under the hull in the context of the invention, each outer wall of the submarine to understand. The rudder blades can be either the front ailerons, which are arranged, for example, on the tower of the submarine or on a forward hull of the submarine in the normal direction of travel of the submarine, as well as the rear and side rudders. To improve the effectiveness of these rudders and in the arranged at the rear of the rudder blades also to avoid turbulence on these rudder blades and to prevent an otherwise associated inhomogeneous flow in the direction of flow the rudder blades behind the rudder blades arranged at the stern of the submarine propellers are the outside of the hull and the side facing the ship at least one of the rudder blades and preferably all rudder blades arranged and designed so that the rudder blade at least in the neutral position of the rudder blade adjacent pivot areas free space to the Outside of the boat body connects. Ie. in a wide angular range, for example in an angular range of about ± 30 ° to a neutral position of the rudder blades, in which the rudder blades can be pivoted during operation of the submarine, the geometric surface of the outside of the hull and the contour of the hull directly opposite Side of the rudder blades coordinated so that no or only forms a negligible in terms of turbulence freely flowed space between the rudder blades and the outside of the hull.

A preferred embodiment for avoiding free spaces between the rudder blades and the boat body is that the outer side of the hull is at least in parts of the areas over which the rudder blades are pivotally formed as a section of a surface of revolution and preferably spherically curved, wherein the outside of the hull facing the sides of the rudder blades have a curvature corresponding to the curvature of the outside of the hull. Here, the rudder axis of the rudder blades is expediently aligned normal to a voltage applied to the curvature of the hull tangent. In particular, in spherical curvature formed on the outside of the hull curvature can optionally be convex convex so convexly outwardly, in which case the boat body directly opposite side of the rudder blades is concave, or it may be negative so concave curved inward then the Hull directly opposite side has a corresponding convex curvature.

Advantageously, the radius of curvature of the spherically formed portion of the hull and the corresponding radius of curvature of the outer side of the hull directly opposite side of the rudder blade are selected such that the transitions from the spherically formed portions of the hull to the adjoining non-spherically curved portions of the hull as fluent as possible run so that no larger edges are formed, which could otherwise lead to stalls at worst.

According to a further preferred embodiment for avoiding free spaces between the rudder blades and the hull, it is provided that the outer side of the hull each at least in the areas over which the rudder blades are pivotal, downstream of the rudder axes of the rudder blades a spherical curvature with a first radius of curvature and upstream of the rudder axes of the rudder blades has a spherical curvature with a second radius of curvature, wherein the sides of the rudder blades facing the outside of the hull have with the bulges of the outside of the hull corresponding bulges. Accordingly, in the areas over which a portion of the rudder blades is directed from the rudder axes of the rudder blades toward the stern of the submarine, the hull may have a spherical shape with a first radius and in the areas beyond which one starts from the rudder axes the rudder blades is pivoted in the direction of the bow of the submarine pointing part of the rudder blades, having a spherical shape with a second radius, which is different from the first radius. Complementary to this point the hull directly facing sides the rudder blades in a pointing away from the rudder axis towards the stern of the submarine section on a concavity with a first radius of curvature and in a pointing of the rudder axis in the direction of the bow of the submarine section a concavity with a second radius of curvature.

A further advantageous and particularly easy to implement measure to prevent free space between the rudder blades and the hull when pivoting the rudder blades is to form the outside of the hull in each case at least in parts of the pivoting areas of the rudder blades. Thus, the areas of the outside of the hull, over which the rudder blades are flowed upstream and downstream of the rudder axis of these rudder blades, may be formed as planes, which planes may be oriented at the rear of the boat in adaptation to its taper obliquely to the longitudinal axis of the submarine. Conveniently, in this case the hull directly facing sides of the rudder blades are straight, these straight sides are oriented relative to the rudder axes of the rudder blades so that these sides connect free space to the flat outer side portions of the hull.

Further advantageously, the outer cross-sectional contour of the rear of the ship at least in the region of the arrangement of the rudder blades have the shape of a genuine or rounded polygon, ie, the cross section of the rear of the vessel may be formed at least in the area in which the rudder blades are arranged angular, the corners preferably rounded. Optionally, it may be advantageous to provide the entire stern with a polygonal cross-section to equip the rear of the ship with appropriate polygon shape and orientation of the polygon with stealth properties that complicate a sonar tracking of the submarine.

Preferably, the polygonal cross section of the rear end depends on the number of rudder blades arranged on the stern. Thus, when three rudder blades are provided on the rear hull, the submarine according to the invention can have a genuine or rounded triangular cross-sectional contour at least in the region of the rear hull in which a rudder blade is arranged on each of the three outer sides thus formed is.

If the submarine according to the invention has four rudder blades arranged at its rear end, the submarine can advantageously have a genuine or rounded quadrangular outer cross-sectional contour, at least in the region of the rear hull in which the rudder blades are arranged.

Conveniently, the four arranged on the rear of the rudder blades form a rudder. Here, a rudder is understood to mean such an arrangement of the rudder blades, in which two rudder blades are aligned vertically in a common plane and two rudder blades are aligned horizontally in a common plane in normal horizontal floating or floating position of the submarine. An embodiment in which the submarine has a real or rounded quadrangular outer cross section in the region of its rear end, the outer sides of this cross section can be aligned in pairs horizontally and vertically.

In an alternative advantageous embodiment of a cruiser, the submarine according to the invention can have four rudder blades in the region of the rear ship, which form an X-rudder. In other words, in this embodiment, the rudder blades are at an angle of 30-60.degree. Relative to the rudder blades of a crucifix, as in the case of a St. Andrew's cross offset aligned. When using an X-rudder, at least a portion of the aft-hull may have a true or rounded quadrangular outer cross-section, with two normal corners of the true or rounded quadrangular cross-section on a vertical and the remaining two corners of the cross-section on the normal horizontal floatation and floating position of the submarine a horizontal are arranged. This embodiment is advantageous in that it complicates the sonar location of the submarine.

Fig. 1

in einer Seitenansicht ein Hinterschiff eines Unterseeboots, wobei übersichtlichkeitshalber nur ein Ruder dargestellt ist,

Fig. 2

eine Querschnittsansicht des Hinterschiffs nach Fig. 1,

Fig. 3

eine Querschnittsansicht eines Hinterschiffs eines Unterseeboots in einer zweiten Ausgestaltung,

Fig. 4

in einer Seitenansicht ein Hinterschiff eines Unterseeboots in einer dritten Ausgestaltung, wobei übersichtlichkeitshalber nur ein Ruder dargestellt ist,

Fig. 5

eine Querschnittsansicht des Hinterschiffs nach Fig. 4,

Fig. 6

eine Querschnittsansicht eines Hinterschiffs eines Unterseeboots in einer vierten Ausgestaltung,

Fig. 7

in einer Seitenansicht ein Hinterschiff eines Unterseeboots in einer fünften Ausgestaltung, wobei übersichtlichkeitshalber nur ein Ruder dargestellt ist,

Fig. 8

eine Querschnittsansicht des Hinterschiffs nach Fig. 7,

Fig. 9

eine Querschnittsansicht eines Hinterschiffs eines Unterseeboots in einer sechsten Ausgestaltung,

Fig. 10

ein Ruderblatt bei einer siebten Ausgestaltung des Hinterschiffs und

Fig. 11

einen Schwenkbereich des Ruderblatts nach Fig. 10.

The invention is explained in more detail with reference to embodiments shown in the drawing. In the drawing, in each case in a schematically simplified schematic diagram:

Fig. 1

in a side view of a rear of a submarine, where for clarity, only one rudder is shown,

Fig. 2

a cross-sectional view of the rear end to Fig. 1 .

Fig. 3

a cross-sectional view of a rear of a submarine in a second embodiment,

Fig. 4

in a side view of a rear of a submarine in a third embodiment, wherein for clarity, only one rudder is shown,

Fig. 5

a cross-sectional view of the rear end to Fig. 4 .

Fig. 6

a cross-sectional view of a rear of a submarine in a fourth embodiment,

Fig. 7

in a side view of a rear of a submarine in a fifth embodiment, for clarity, only one rudder is shown,

Fig. 8

a cross-sectional view of the rear end to Fig. 7 .

Fig. 9

a cross-sectional view of a rear of a submarine in a sixth embodiment,

Fig. 10

a rudder blade in a seventh embodiment of the rear and

Fig. 11

a swivel range of the rudder blade after Fig. 10 ,

The Fig. 1 and 2 show a rear ship 2 of a submarine. This rear ship 2 goes into the stern 4 of the submarine. At the rear 4 a propeller 6 is arranged. On the outside of the rear of the ship 2 four rudder blades 8 are arranged, which are each pivotable about a rudder axis A. The rudder blades 8 form a rudder, wherein in the horizontal floating or floating position of the submarine two rudder blades 8 are aligned in a common vertical plane and two rudder blades 8 are aligned in a common horizontal plane.

The rear of the ship 2 has in the region of the arrangement of the rudder blades 8 a curved rectangular cross-section, wherein the corners of the rectangle are rounded. The four regions of the rear hull 2 lying between these corners have a spherical surface with a radius of curvature R corresponding to the radius of curvature of the rear hull in the longitudinal direction. Corresponding to this spherical surface of the rear of the ship 2, the four rudder blades 8 at a rear of the ship 2 directly opposite side 10 with a to the Buckling radius R complementary radius of curvature vaulted. The spherical curvature of the outer surface of the rear of the ship 2, together with the corresponding curvature of the rear of the ship 2 directly facing side 10 of the rudder blades 8 sure that between the rear of the ship 2 and the rudder blades 8 during the pivoting of the rudder blades 8 can form no clearances.

This in Fig. 3 illustrated Hinterschiff 2 ^I differs from that in the Fig. 1 and 2 illustrated Hinterschiff 2 above all to the effect that the rudder blades 8 form an X-rudder and against the rudder blades 8 at the in the Fig. 1 and 2 Rear of the ship 2 are arranged offset by an angle of 45 °. Also, the rear of ship 2 ^I has in the area in which the rudder blades 8 are pivotable, a curved rectangular cross section. Corresponding to the orientation of the rudder blades 8, however, the cross-sectional contour is such that two corners of the rectangular cross-section are arranged in a horizontal vertical plane of the submarine in a common vertical plane and the remaining two corners in a common horizontal plane. The between the corners lying outside of the areas of the rear ship 2 ^I are like in the Fig. 1 and 2 illustrated Hinterschiff 2 with a curvature radius R spherically curved, which corresponds to the radius of curvature R of the rear end in the longitudinal direction.

That in the Fig. 4 and 5 Hinterschiff shown 2 ^II has a purely rectangular cross section with rounded corners, the cross-sectional area decreases continuously in the direction of the stern 4. Accordingly, the rear of the ship 2 ^{II has} the shape of a quadrangular truncated pyramid, which converges in the rear 4 of the submarine. The planar outer surfaces of the rear hull 2 ^II , on each of which a rudder blade 8 ^II is arranged pivotable about a pivot axis A aligned normal to the respective outer surface, are aligned in such a way that that the four rudder blades 8 ^{II form} a rudder. The rear of the ship 2 ^II directly facing sides of the rudder blades 8 ^II are formed corresponding to the planar configuration of the four outer sides of the rear end 2 ^II straight and aligned normal to the rudder axes A.

This in Fig. 6 in a cross-sectional view illustrated Hinterschiff 2 ^III differs from that in the Fig. 4 and 5 illustrated rear end 2 ^II only to the effect that the truncated pyramidal rear end 2 ^III relative to the rear of a ship 2 ^II relative to a center axis of the rear of the ship 2 ^III is rotated by an angle of 45 °, so that the arranged on the four flat outer sides of the rear of the vessel 2 ^III rudder leaves ^{II form} an X-rudder.

The FIGS. 7 and 8 show a rear hull 2 ^{IV of} a submarine with a cross-section in the shape of an equilateral triangle, which continuously decreases in the direction of the tail 4 of the submarine, so that the rear hull 2 ^IV essentially forms a stump of a tetrahedron. Here, the rear end 2 ^IV tapers in the direction of the stern 4 on its three outer sides with a curvature radius R ^I. The same radius of curvature R ^I , the outer sides of the cross section, on each of which a rudder blade 8 ^{III is} arranged, also to their limited rounded corners, so that the outer sides are curved in the area of the rudder blades 8 ^III spherically outward. The rudder blades 8 ^III are arched at their rear side 2 ^IV directly facing sides in each case with a radius of curvature corresponding to the radius of curvature R ^I such that form no free spaces when pivoting the rudder blades 8 ^III between the rear end 2 ^IV and the rudder blades 8 ^III ,

In the in the FIGS. 7 and 8 illustrated Hinterschiffs 2 ^IV forms a flat arched outside the top of the rear of the ship 2 ^IV . That in the Fig. 9 illustrated rear vein 2 ^V differs from the rear of ship 2 ^IV only in that here a flat curved outside the bottom of the rear of the ship 2 ^V and a corner of the triangular cross section of the rear Vessel 2 ^V facing upward, which typically also the orientation of the three at the outer sides of the rear hull 2 ^V arranged rudder blades 8 ^III changes.

That in the Fig. 10 shown rudder blade 8 ^IV has on its rear side of the ship, not directly facing side 10 ^I a curvature, which differs downstream of the rudder axis A of the curvature upstream of the rudder axis A. Thus, the side 10 ^{I is} arched in a section upstream of the rudder axis A with a curvature radius R ^II and the outflow side of the rudder axis A vaulted with a curvature radius R ^III , wherein the curvature radius R ^{III is} greater than the curvature radius R ^II .

Again Fig. 11 it can be seen, the rudder blade 8 ^IV , as well as the rudder blades 8, 8 ^II and 8 ^III in an angular range a of 60 ° pivotable. Accordingly, the rudder blade 8 ^IV on the outside of the rear of the ship in the Fig. 10 and 11 illustrated embodiment over an area X upstream of the rudder axis A and pivoted over a region Y downstream of the rudder axis. Corresponding to the radii of curvature R ^II and R ^III of page 10 ^I , the outer side of the rear nave is therefore curved spherically outward in the region X with a radius complementary to the radius of curvature R ^II and spherical in the region Y with a radius complementary to the radius of curvature R ^III arched outwards.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

2, 2 ^I , 2 ^II , 2 ^III , 2 ^IV , 2 ^V

- rear ship

4

- Rear

6

- Propeller

8, 8 ^II , 8 ^III , 8 ^IV

- rudder blade

10, 10 ^l

- Page

A

- rudder axis

R, R ^I , R ^II , R ^III

- radius of curvature

a

- Angular range

Claims (7)

1. Submarine, comprising pivotable rudder blades (8, 8^II, 8^III, 8^IV) which are arranged on the boat body of the submarine, wherein the outer side of the boat body and the boat-facing side (10^I) of at least one of the rudder blades (8^IV) are arranged relative to one another and designed in such a way that the rudder blade (8^IV) adjoins the outer side of the boat body in a clearance-free manner at least in pivoting regions which are adjacent to the neutral position of the rudder blade (8^IV), wherein the outer side of the boat body, in each case at least in the regions over which the rudder blades (8^IV) are pivotable, is designed as a cutout of a rotation surface, and wherein the sides (10') of the rudder blades (8, 8^III) that face the outer side of the boat body have, at least in parts of the pivoting regions, a curvature which corresponds to a curvature of the outer side of the boat body, characterized in that the rudder blade (8^IV) is curved in in a portion on the incident-flow side of the rudder axis A with a first radius of curvature R" and is curved in on the outflow side of the rudder axis A with a second radius of curvature R"', wherein the radius of curvature R"' is greater than the radius of curvature R".
2. Submarine according to Claim 1, characterized in that the outer side of the boat body, in each case at least in the regions over which the rudder blades (8, 8^III) are pivotable, is spherically curved.
3. Submarine according to Claim 1, characterized in that the outer cross-sectional contour of the afterbody (2, 2^I, 2^II, 2^III, 2^IV) of the submarine has the shape of true or rounded-off polygon at least in the region of the rudder blades (8, 8^I, 8^II, 8^III) .
4. Submarine according to either of Claims 1 and 3, characterized in that the afterbody (2^iv, 2^V) has a true or rounded-off triangular cross-sectional contour at least in the region of the rudder blades (8^III).
5. Submarine according to either of Claims 1 and 3, characterized in that the afterbody (2, 2^I, 2^II, 2^III) has a true or rounded-off quadrangular cross-sectional contour at least in the region of the rudder blades (8, 8^II).
6. Submarine according to Claim 5, characterized in that the submarine comprises, in the region of the afterbody (2^I, 2^II), four rudder blades (8) which form a cruciform rudder.
7. Submarine according to Claim 5, characterized in that the submarine comprises, in the region of the afterbody (2^III), four rudder blades (8^II) which form an X-rudder.

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